The Civil War

History Notes 5-2

The Civil War

• Dred Scott Decision

–U.S. Supreme Court ruled blacks are not citizens and have no legal rights

The Civil War

• Abraham Lincoln elected President in Nov. 1860

(ZINN 188-189)

• 11 southern states seceded from the Union

• (TX, AL, MS, FL, GA, SC, NC, TN, VA, AR, LA)

Video – How the States Got Their Shapes

Confederate States of America

• Goals:

• 1) Gain freedom from the U.S.A.

• 2) Protect institution of slavery

• Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy

• Robert E. Lee – Military General

The Union – North

• Goals:

• 1) Reunite the U.S.A.

• 2) Block Southern Seaports

• 3) End slavery

• Ulysses S. Grant – Military General

The Civil War, 1861-1865

Border States

• Border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware) sided with Union

• In Maryland

– Lincoln declared martial law

– arrested pro-Confederates

– sent the army to maintain Union control

Advantages

North South

• population

• factories

• railroads

• food

• coal

• military leaders

• cotton

• *slaves

Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln’s declaration freeing slaves in Confederate States (ZINN 191-192)

• Lincoln would not free slaves in border states loyal to the Union

Black Soldiers

• At start Blacks not allowed to serve in Union or Confederate Army

(Zinn 194-195)

• 1/10 Union soldiers was black, 50% came from the South

• Paid less than whites until 1864

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

The Civil War

• Confederates lack of resources and soldiers would eventually lead to their loss in war

(Zinn 195)