Lincoln Elected President

Lincoln would not assume the presidency until March of 1861. By then seven southern states had seceded and a lame duck President Buchanan and Congress could do little to stop the dissolution of the Union.

Lincoln scored a decisive victory in electoral votes

he received less than 40% of the popular vote

but

The Election of Abraham Lincoln was the trigger which set off the first wave of secession in the southern slave states.

Southern states seceded after Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteer soldiers to put down the rebellion of the

breakaway states. A bloody four year conflict began that would take the lives of 600,000 Americans and devastate the

South.

Civil War

• 1861-1865

• Causes:– State’s Rights– Slavery (minor

cause)– Tariff Disputes– Different

Economies– Cultural Differences

Border States

• Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware, eventually West Virginia

• Maryland- Washington D.C.

• Slave States but still in the Union

Total Population of the U.S.

1860

Total Factory

Production, 1860

Total Railroads in

1860

Total Farmland

in1860

Total Cotton

Production in 1860

Draw this chart on your paper- It should be about half the size of your page.

Southern Strengths Northern Strengths

Southern Weaknesses Northern Weaknesses

Southern Strengths Northern Strengths

Southern Weaknesses Northern Weaknesses

Southern Strengths

• War of independence: homeland advantage

• Knowledge of the Southern countryside (back roads, thick forests)

• Best military leaders- Robert E Lee

Southern Weaknesses

• Few factories (weapons/supplies)

• Few railroads

• Political Problems- states’ rights over federal gov’t

• Small Population- 9 million (1/3 slaves)

• Few warships, only merchant fleet

Northern Strengths

• 4 times as many people (22 million people)

• Industry (guns, bullets, cannons, boots, uniforms, and other supplies)

• 70% of nation’s railroads

• Strong navy

Northern Weaknesses

• Huge area to conquer

• Invading an unfamiliar land

• Southern invasion meant moving farther from supply lines

• Weaker military leaders

Confederacy

• President Jefferson Davis

• General Robert E Lee– “If Virginia stands by the old

Union, so will I. But if she secedes…, then I will still follow my native State with my sword and, if need be, with my life.”

Lee’s Home- Arlington National Cemetery

Union

• President Abraham Lincoln

• General Ulysses S. Grant

• William Tecumseh Sherman– Sherman’s March to the Sea

Ulysses S. Grant

William Tecumseh Sherman

Bull Run

• July 21st, 1861• Festive Party Atmosphere• Union army marches from D.C. to

Richmond• Met up with Confederates soldiers• Attack began• Confederates breaks, Union Flee• It is going to be a long and bloody war

Battle of Antietam

• September, 17th, 1862

• Northern Battle

• Confederates go on the offensive

• Union claims victory

• Lincoln not happy- replaces General McClelland with General Burnside

Emancipation Proclamation

• September 22, 1862

• Lincoln declares Confederate slaves free

• Did he have the right to do that?•Lincoln issued the Proclamation under his authority as "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy" under Article II, section 2 of the United States Constitution.

•As such, he claimed to have the martial power to suspend civil law in those states which were in rebellion. He did not have Commander-in-Chief authority over the four slave-holding states that were not in rebellion: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware, and so those states were not named in the Proclamation.

The fifth border jurisdiction, West Virginia, where slavery remained legal, had not yet achieved statehood.

•The Emancipation Proclamation was never challenged in court.

Vicksburg

• After a string of Confederate victories

• Important position on Mississippi River

• 6 week siege on Confederate soldier

• Grant is victorious

• Turning Point of the War

Battle of Gettysburg

• June 30th, 1863• 3 day battle• Pickett’s Charge-

failed attempt by Confederates

• Last invasion of the North

• Turning Point of the War

Gettysburg Address

• 50,000 Dead or wounded

• November 19,1863

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the

proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do

this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we

can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here,

but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here

have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full

measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth

of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Total WarAtlanta to Savannah

Appomattox Court House• April 9th, 1865

• Lee’s men were trapped by Grant’s Army

• Lee surrenders!

• Wilmer McLean- • The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) took place on Wilmer McLean’s farm on July 21, 1861.• The war struck close to home early on and McLean moved his family from northern to central Virginia out of concern for their safety,

settling eventually in the home at Appomattox Court House.• Wilmer McLean stood on the front porch of his two-story brick house awaiting the arrival of General Robert E Lee. In the early

afternoon on that day, General Lee, accompanied by Colonel Charles Marshall, arrived on horseback. Wil extended his greetings to the two Confederate officers and invited them into his parlor. And there, on April 9, 1865, they awaited the arrival of the other guests.

• General Grant and several of the Union officers entered the parlor where General Lee was waiting. For the next hour and a half, General Lee and General Grant discussed and came to agreement on the terms of surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, which, for all practical purposes, ended the long, bloody war.

• The Civil War started in McLean’s backyard in 1861 and ended in his parlor in 1865.

Lincoln is Assassinated April 14th, 1865

• Ford Theatre- Our American Cousin

• John Wilkes Booth

• Assassination Conspiracy

• Vice President Andrew Johnson

Post War Amendments

• 13th Amendment- Banned Slavery

• 14th Amendment- All people born in the U.S. are citizens, guaranteed equal protection of the law

• 15th Amendment- Prohibits the states from denying any citizen the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

Reconstruction

• The rebuilding of the South after the Civil War.

• What needs to be rebuilt?