1861-18651861-1865

Seven statesSeven states, South Carolina, Alabama, , South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas seceded.Texas seceded.

They formed the They formed the Confederate States of Confederate States of AmericaAmerica, and elected their own government , and elected their own government and and President- Jefferson DavisPresident- Jefferson Davis..

A tough call for A tough call for Old AbeOld Abe……

The Southern states that The Southern states that seceded saw the U.S. as a seceded saw the U.S. as a “foreign” enemy“foreign” enemyThey began to take over They began to take over federal property, such as forts federal property, such as forts and post offices, and turn and post offices, and turn them into Confederate them into Confederate propertypropertyWhat is Abe’s choice as What is Abe’s choice as President? What was at risk?President? What was at risk?

Stop them and fight (start a war), or let them Stop them and fight (start a war), or let them take over the land.take over the land.

Fort SumterFort Sumter was attacked by Southerners was attacked by Southerners who demanded a surrenderwho demanded a surrender

The Fort help strong and fought until it ran out of The Fort help strong and fought until it ran out of ammunition, and the South took it over. This was ammunition, and the South took it over. This was the beginning of the Civil War, 4 years of the beginning of the Civil War, 4 years of bloodshed and destructionbloodshed and destruction

Predict strengths and weaknesses for the Predict strengths and weaknesses for the North?North?

For the South?For the South?

THE GOODTHE GOOD

Fighting a defensive Fighting a defensive war (North must come war (North must come to beat them)to beat them)

Many hunters and Many hunters and experienced experienced horsemenhorsemen

THE BADTHE BAD

Few factories: little Few factories: little weapons, railroad weapons, railroad tracks, etc.tracks, etc.

Small population (9 Small population (9 million compared to…million compared to…– 22 million in the 22 million in the

NorthNorth

THE GOODTHE GOOD

Large populationLarge population

More factories and More factories and factory workersfactory workers

Made more than 90% Made more than 90% of U.S. goods, had of U.S. goods, had 70% of U.S. railway 70% of U.S. railway lineslines

Strong NavyStrong Navy

THE BADTHE BAD

Had to invade an Had to invade an unfamiliar landunfamiliar land

Had to conquer a Had to conquer a massivemassive amount of amount of landland– All but 2 battles were All but 2 battles were

fought in the South!fought in the South!

For the NorthFor the North

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln– Patient, strong, Patient, strong,

strategic, rationalstrategic, rational

For the SouthFor the South

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis– Experienced, honest, Experienced, honest,

courageous, stubborncourageous, stubborn

What’s the plan?!What’s the plan?!

3-part strategy3-part strategy1. Blockade southern ports1. Blockade southern ports

2. Seize control of the Mississippi River2. Seize control of the Mississippi River

3. Take over Richmond, Virginia, the 3. Take over Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capitolConfederate capitol

Oh yeah…?!Oh yeah…?!

plan… only 1 big plan… only 1 big thing…thing…Stay at home and fight a Stay at home and fight a defensive defensive warwar

Generals of the WarGenerals of the War

General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. GrantGrant

Tough as nails, smart, Tough as nails, smart, winnerwinner

Gen. Robert E. LeeGen. Robert E. Lee

VeryVery experienced, experienced, intelligent, North intelligent, North wanted himwanted him

““Forever FreeForever Free…”…”

The Civil War began as a war to The Civil War began as a war to restore the restore the UnionUnion, , notnot to end slavery. to end slavery.

““If I could save the Union without If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do thatI would also do that.” – .” – Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

What do you think Lincoln did?What do you think Lincoln did?

Freed slaves only from the Freed slaves only from the ConfederacyConfederacy, but not from , but not from

the loyal slave states the loyal slave states (border).(border).Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and

Missouri (loyal border/slave states)Missouri (loyal border/slave states)

Why would he do that?Why would he do that?

A Smart, Smart Man with a PlanA Smart, Smart Man with a PlanLincoln needed the 4 Lincoln needed the 4 border states (which border states (which stayed in the Union but stayed in the Union but had slaves) to help defeat had slaves) to help defeat the Souththe South

AFTER they defeated the AFTER they defeated the South, then he would end South, then he would end slavery for good.slavery for good.

So for now, he would only So for now, he would only free some slaves… how? free some slaves… how? And where?And where?

The Emancipation The Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

FREEING ALL SLAVES IN FREEING ALL SLAVES IN THE CONFEDERACY!THE CONFEDERACY!

Any slaves held in rebellion Any slaves held in rebellion to the United States would to the United States would be be emancipatedemancipated, or set , or set freefree

This would weaken the This would weaken the South, and made South, and made slavery AND saving slavery AND saving the Unionthe Union the cause of the cause of the warthe war

About 200,000 blacks fought for the UnionAbout 200,000 blacks fought for the Union

Were only paid half of what whites were Were only paid half of what whites were paidpaid

About 40,000 lost their livesAbout 40,000 lost their lives

Those not at war began rebellingThose not at war began rebelling

Rich man’s warRich man’s war, , poor poor man’s fightman’s fight

Congress passed the Congress passed the DRAFTDRAFT-- Any “able-bodied” man aged Any “able-bodied” man aged 20-4520-45 could could be drafted to fight (be drafted to fight (richrich could buy their way could buy their way out of being drafted- out of being drafted- $300$300 * year’s worth) * year’s worth)

What about…What about…

Worked much harder in the fields Worked much harder in the fields and factories to pick up men’s workand factories to pick up men’s work

Women…Women…– Fought (400)Fought (400)– were spieswere spies– became teachersbecame teachers– were nurses were nurses

(10,000)(10,000)

11stst battle, North tries to take battle, North tries to take Richmond, South wins (wake-up call)Richmond, South wins (wake-up call)

- 24,000 total deaths, North wins - 24,000 total deaths, North wins and takes control of Railroad center and and takes control of Railroad center and Mississippi RiverMississippi River

- 28,000 Southern deaths, - 28,000 Southern deaths, 23,000 Northern deaths – North victory.23,000 Northern deaths – North victory.– Lead to Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Lead to Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg

AddressAddress

““We here highly resolve We here highly resolve that these dead shall not that these dead shall not have died in vain – that have died in vain – that this nation, under God, this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of shall have a new birth of freedom – and that freedom – and that government of the government of the people, by the people, people, by the people, and for the people shall and for the people shall not perish from the not perish from the earth.”earth.”

April 9, 1865 -April 9, 1865 -AppomattoxAppomattoxGeneral Lee and the South surrenderGeneral Lee and the South surrender

““The war is over. The rebels The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen againare our countrymen again.” –.” –Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

360,000 dead from the North360,000 dead from the North– 37,000 African American deaths 37,000 African American deaths

260,000 dead from the South260,000 dead from the South

To make matters worse, just 5 days after To make matters worse, just 5 days after the South’s surrender… the South’s surrender…

Was it worth it?

Be ready… Be ready… TEST NEXT TEST NEXT CLASSCLASS… A … A BIG ONEBIG ONE, but be , but be excited – not afraid…excited – not afraid…Thank you for all those who did Thank you for all those who did extra credit letters! extra credit letters!

Breakdown of next week…Breakdown of next week…

TuesdayTuesday – Last day of PowerPoint and new – Last day of PowerPoint and new material on the Civil Warmaterial on the Civil War

ThursdayThursday – – CIVIL WAR CIVIL WAR FINAL TESTFINAL TEST

There is no There is no newnew homework, however all homework, however all LATE assignments must be turned in by LATE assignments must be turned in by Monday, June Monday, June 4th4th..

Extra Credit lettersExtra Credit letters (10 pts.) (10 pts.) due TODAYdue TODAY