Taxonomy: Classification of Life. Lesson Essential Questions What is the basis for our modern system...
16
Classification of Life
-
Upload
nathaniel-franklin -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
2
Transcript of Taxonomy: Classification of Life. Lesson Essential Questions What is the basis for our modern system...
Taxonomy:Classification of Life
Lesson Essential QuestionsWhat is the basis for our modern
system of taxonomy (classification of living things)?
How are organisms placed into kingdoms?
History of Taxonomy
Carl LinnaeusSwedish botanistfather of taxonomystandardized binomial nomenclature (two name
system: genus species), e.g., Homo sapiensgrouped organisms into species based on appearance
Modern Taxonomybased on evolutionary relationshipsmembers of the same species share genetic
similarities3 domains
3 Domains of Lifedescended from a Common Ancestor
Modern Taxonomy3 domains further subdivided into 6
kingdoms
KingdomsOrganisms are categorized into kingdoms based on • Cell type (prokaryote or eukaryote)• Complexity (unicellular or multicellular)• How they obtain energy (autotroph or
heterotroph)
6 KINGDOMSARCHAEBACTERIA FUNGI
EUBACTERIA PLANTAE
PROTISTA ANIMALIA
Cell Type:Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTESSimpler More complex
Smaller in size Larger in size
No nucleus Nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Membrane-bound organelles
Complexity:Unicellular or Multicellular?
How Energy is Obtained:Autotroph or Heterotroph?
photoautotroph
chemoautotroph
Autotroph = “self-feeding” Use light or chemicals to
make their own energy Producers
Heterotroph = “different nutrition”
Eat other organisms to obtain energy
Consumers
ARCHAEBACTERIA“old bacteria”
Type of Cell Prokaryotic
Metabolism Autotrophic (Chemo/Photo) or Heterotrophic
Cell Number
Unicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: Binary fission
Examples Methanogens: decomposition/digestion ① Halophiles: salt loving ②Thermoacidophiles: volcanic vent bacteria ③④
EUBACTERIA“true bacteria”
Type of Cell Prokaryotic
Metabolism Heterotrophic, some Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Cell Number
Unicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: Binary Fission
Examples Disease-causing bacteria, probiotics, decomposing bacteria
Cocci: round Bacillus: rods
Spirillus: spiral
strep
staph
E. coli
PROTISTA“first organism”
Type of Cell Eukaryotic
Metabolism Photosynthetic Autotrophs/Heterotrophs
Cell Number
Unicellular/Multicellular Colonials
Reproduction
Asexual: Mitosis
Examples Algae, seaweed, zooplankton, phytoplankton, amoeba
volvox
amoeba
euglena
paramecium
plasmodium
spirogyra
dinoflagellate
FUNGI“sphongus” Greek for sponge
Type of Cell Eukaryotic
Metabolism Heterotrophic: saprophyte (absorbs from decomposition)
Cell Number
Unicellular or Multicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: mitosis Sexual: gamete union
Examples Yeast, molds, mildew, mushrooms, puffballs
yeast
penicillium mold
black mold
toadstool bracket
mushroom
puffball
PLANTAEType of Cell Eukaryotic
Metabolism Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Cell Number
Multicellular
Reproduction
Asexual: budding, runners Sexual: meiosis
Examples Moss, ferns, conifers, flowering plants, fruits & vegetables
moss ferns conifers flowering
ANIMALIAType of Cell Eukaryotic
Metabolism Heterotrophic
Cell Number
Multicellular
Reproduction
Asexual (regeneration)/Sexual
Examples Invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
invertebrates
fish
amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals
SummarizeAt the bottom of your notes, in your own words and in complete sentences, answer these two questions:How has the basis for taxonomy
(classification of living things) changed since Linneaus?
What criteria are used to classify organisms into kingdoms?
