Taft and Wilson

Section 4

I. Progressivism under Taft

A. Taft as President

Created Dept. of Labor 16th Amendment – levy taxes based on an

individuals income Did not add to any of

Roosevelt’s programs

B. Ballinger – Pinchot Affair

Pinchot charged Ballinger with giving coal-land in Alaska to friends

Taft fired Pinchot Roosevelt refused to support Taft for 2nd

term

C. Split in the Republican Party

Election 1912 Roosevelt formed: Progressive Party

AKA “Bull-Moose Party” Split in the Republican Party gave way to

the Democrats Woodrow Wilson –Dem. – Won!!!

II. Wilson’s New Freedom

Tariff reduction Banking Reform Stronger Anti-trust legislation

A. Tariff Reduction

Underwood Tariff Act – Lower tariffs and graduated income tax

B. Banking Reforms Federal Reserve Act – 3 Tiered Bank System

Fed. Reserve Board

12 Fed. Reserve Banks

Private Banks Borrow from Fed. Banks

C. Stronger Anti-Trust

Clayton Anti-Trust Act – could not buy out another company to form a

monopolyStrikes and Boycotts now legal

Created Federal Trade CommissionEnforced anti-trust laws Investigates businesses

III. Progressive & Rights of African Americans Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington

for Dinner Wilson Segregated offices in D.C

No federal anti-lynching lawFelony for blacks and whites to marry