Progressive Era Progressive Era Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Roosevelt: The CanalRoosevelt: The Canal

Taft: Dollar DiplomacyTaft: Dollar Diplomacy

Wilson: WWIWilson: WWI

Foreign Policy: Roosevelt & Foreign Policy: Roosevelt & TaftTaft• Panama Canal: Panama revolts from ColumbiaPanama Canal: Panama revolts from Columbia

– Huge engineering feat: cost $350 million to buildHuge engineering feat: cost $350 million to build– 99 years lease, $10m, $250K year rent. (1914)99 years lease, $10m, $250K year rent. (1914)

• Roosevelt Corollary: Monroe Doctrine extended,Roosevelt Corollary: Monroe Doctrine extended,– Latin America must be financially responsible orLatin America must be financially responsible or– America will intervene to prevent Europe entry. America will intervene to prevent Europe entry.

• Russo-Japan War:TR Peace Treaty at Portsmouth, Russo-Japan War:TR Peace Treaty at Portsmouth, NHNH– (Taft-Katsura Agreement 1905 violated Open Door (Taft-Katsura Agreement 1905 violated Open Door

Policy)Policy)

• TR’s Great White Fleet: sails around the worldTR’s Great White Fleet: sails around the world• Taft: Dollar Diplomacy- US Banks will take overTaft: Dollar Diplomacy- US Banks will take over

– Loans if L.A. country can’t pay its European debtsLoans if L.A. country can’t pay its European debts

Canal ConstructionCanal Construction

Canal LocksCanal Locks

Portsmouth, NH TreatyPortsmouth, NH Treaty

Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy

• New idealistic rhetoric: same policyNew idealistic rhetoric: same policy

• WW intervenes in Nicaragua, Haiti, WW intervenes in Nicaragua, Haiti, – Dominic Republic, Cuba and MexicoDominic Republic, Cuba and Mexico

• Mexico Revolution1913: Diaz, MaderaMexico Revolution1913: Diaz, Madera– Huerta (WW didn’t recognized), CarranzaHuerta (WW didn’t recognized), Carranza

• Veracruz intervention: Stop German Veracruz intervention: Stop German shipsships

• Poncho Villa chased by PershingPoncho Villa chased by Pershing

Pancho VillaPancho Villa

Woodrow Wilson: 1916 Woodrow Wilson: 1916 electionelection

The Great War: CausesThe Great War: Causes

• The Spark: Austrian archduke FerdinandThe Spark: Austrian archduke Ferdinand– Assassinated in Sarajevo 28 June 1914Assassinated in Sarajevo 28 June 1914

• Ethnic nationalism: pan SerbianismEthnic nationalism: pan Serbianism

• Colonial Rivalries: Imperialistic competitionColonial Rivalries: Imperialistic competition

• Entangling Alliances: Entangling Alliances: – Central Powers: Germany, Aust-Hun, TurkeyCentral Powers: Germany, Aust-Hun, Turkey– Allies: Britain, France, Russia, ItalyAllies: Britain, France, Russia, Italy

• War Plans: Schlieffen plan War Plans: Schlieffen plan

• War started August 1: 32 nations in global War started August 1: 32 nations in global warwar

Archduke Ferdinand: 28 June Archduke Ferdinand: 28 June 19141914

German U-BoatGerman U-Boat

Wilson: NeutralityWilson: Neutrality• Neutrality: Int. Law, US can ship non Neutrality: Int. Law, US can ship non

– Military goods to both sides.Military goods to both sides.

• Shipping: US made big money on exportsShipping: US made big money on exports– Britain cut off Germany, Germany used U-boatsBritain cut off Germany, Germany used U-boats

• Divided Alliance in America: Progressives like Divided Alliance in America: Progressives like – Jane Addams against the war, most people leanedJane Addams against the war, most people leaned– Towards Britain and France.Towards Britain and France.

• U-Boats: Lusitania sunk (May 1915)U-Boats: Lusitania sunk (May 1915)– WW warns Germany to stopWW warns Germany to stop

• Arabic Sunk, Arabic Pledge Arabic Sunk, Arabic Pledge • Sussex Sunk, Sussex Pledge- Germany Sussex Sunk, Sussex Pledge- Germany

promisedpromised– WW that they would stop shooting ships if US WW that they would stop shooting ships if US

would would – Tell Britain to end embargoTell Britain to end embargo

America Enters the WarAmerica Enters the War

• Election of 1816: Hughes v. WilsonElection of 1816: Hughes v. Wilson• GOP: Charles Evan Hughes, NY GOP: Charles Evan Hughes, NY

progressive, “preparedness”progressive, “preparedness”• Wilson: “He kept us out of the war.”Wilson: “He kept us out of the war.”

– Very patriotic campaign, WW winsVery patriotic campaign, WW wins

• WW “Peace without Victory” speechWW “Peace without Victory” speech• New German U-Boat Policy: sink all New German U-Boat Policy: sink all

shipsships– In order to starve BritainIn order to starve Britain

• Zimmerman Letter: Mexico telegramZimmerman Letter: Mexico telegram• Congress Declares War: 2 April 1917Congress Declares War: 2 April 1917