Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1908) William Howard Taft (1908-1912) Woodrow Wilson (1912-1920)
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Transcript of Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1908) William Howard Taft (1908-1912) Woodrow Wilson (1912-1920)
Chapter 8 – Normalcy and Good Times
Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1908)
William Howard Taft (1908-1912)
Woodrow Wilson (1912-1920)
Remember the Progressive Presidents?
Review of America after World War I (Ch 7.)
◦ Nativism – a strong preference for Native born Americans led to discrimination against recent immigrants – (even though all except Native Americans were immigrants)
◦ Women’s Suffrage – The 19th Amendment (ratified in 1920) completely changed the way that women perceived themselves and acted.
◦ Prohibition – The 18th Amendment (ratified in 1919) didn’t stop folks from drinking...instead good people began to have a contempt for the law (speakeasies, boozing. gambling, and prostitution)
◦ Fundamentalists vs Science (Scopes Trial)
◦ Big City Liberalism vs Small Town Conservativism (Drummond v Brady)
◦ Harlem Renaissance – Urban African Americans create a culture and gain pride
Normalcy and Good Times
How People Lived in the 20’s (7 min)
Warren G. Harding (1920 – 1923)
Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1928)
Herbert Hoover (1928 – 1932)
Presidential Politics of the 1920’s
Warren G. Harding (1920 – 1923)
Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1928)
Herbert Hoover (1928 – 1932)
“Do Nothing” Presidents of the 1920’sThese 3 guys believed in Laissez Faire economics
In your book find the definition of lassiez-faire economics…
◦ Write the definition from the book.◦ Write the definition in your own words.◦ Make a political cartoon (stick figures okay) of lassiez-faire economics happening today.
Define…
These 3 guys believed in Laissez Faire economics-
◦ Laissez faire economics means that the government stays out of the economy and doesn’t concern itself with “bail-outs, welfare, unemployment insurance, scholarships for low-income students, disabled bathroom facilities, handicapped ramps, etc…
“Do Nothing” Presidents of the 1920’s
2 sentence minimum
Do we still practice Laissez Faire economics today?◦ Think of the bank bailouts, financial regulation,
etc.
Quickwrite…
The 1920’s (4 min) Aka - The Roaring 20’s, The Jazz Age
Science and Technology in the 20’s (7 min)
Presidential Politics (pgs 445-448)
President Experience/ Background
Notable acts or achievements while in office
Curious or trivial fact about the man
Harding(1920 – 1923)
Coolidge(1923 – 1928)
Hoover(1928 – 1932)
After rejecting the Treaty of Versailles and the interventionist policies of Democrat Woodrow Wilson…
America turned to Republican Warren Harding in the election of 1920…
Harding campaigned on the slogan “Return to Normalcy” (after the WWI years).
Warren Harding - 1920 - 1923
Harding appointed several friends and close associates to key positions in his administration…◦ Many of these “friends” took advantage of their
positions and used inside information to make money for themselves.
◦ Harding’s presidency is known as one of the most corrupt in the nation’s history.
◦ In 1923 Harding became the 6th president to die in office.
Scandal in the Harding Administration
President Warren G. Harding -1920 – 1923
As President Calvin Coolidge distanced himself from the corruptness of Harding and restored confidence and trust to the Presidency.
Vice President Calvin Coolidge Takes Over
Fired the corrupt advisors of the Harding administration.◦ Favored small government.◦ Favored business interests.
Calvin Coolidge
President Calvin Coolidge (1923 – 1928)
The American Economy grew to record levels during the administrations of Harding and Coolidge, but the Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression are just around the corner.
A Growing Economy
Under Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon the government implemented policies that helped the stock market boom
Mellon’s Goals◦ Balance the budget◦ Reduce the government’s debt◦ Cut taxes
U.S. govt. budget fell from $6.4 billion to $3 billion in just seven years
Andrew Mellon
Big expense on budget is national debt◦ WWI debt went from $5.7 billion to $26
billion◦ Mellon’s policies – Supply Side Economics
High taxes actually reduced amount of money the government brought in – if business and individuals paid less taxes they would have more money to spend
This would actually earn more money in tax revenue for the government
◦ Able to convince Congress to drastically reduce tax rates
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Commerce under Calvin Coolidge
Cooperative Individualism◦ encouraged manufacturers and distributors to
form their own trade associations – eventually share this info with the govt. Believed this would increase economic efficiency
Herbert Hoover
President Harding declared the U.S. involvement in the League of Nations “deceased”
Americans tired of being involved internationally (Europe) favored “isolationism”
U.S. too important economically to not be involved
Total isolation was impossible
Isolationism
Europe in trouble – can’t pay back all of their war debt
U.S. had high tariffs on European goods Europe wanted U.S. to bear more of a
financial burden for the war U.S. didn’t want tax payers to assume debt
of other nations Germany was also paying back $33 billion
◦ Crippling the German economy
The Dawes Plan
Charles G. Dawes – American Banker/Diplomat Negotiated and agreement with France,
Britain, and Germany where American Banks would loan German’s money◦ Britain and France would accept less and Germany
would begin to pay money back Plan worked a little bit – didn’t solve major
problems◦ Germany paid some money back – not all◦ Printed lots of money – Hyperinflation◦ Went deeper into debt
The Dawes Plan
Think about the U.S.isolationist policiesand the Dawes plan;how do they apply to
the cartoon?
3 sentence minimum
Number 1-5 in your notes Write down the letter and the letter (you
don’t have to write the question or the answer)
Stop whining… you’re not being graded
POP QUIZ
What organization was formed in the 1920s to ensure that the individual rights of citizens were protected from government abuse?
A House Un-American Activities Committee
B American Civil Liberties UnionC American Liberty LeagueD United Services Organization
Why did the number of votes cast in the U.S. Presidential election rise by 8.2 million from 1916 to 1920?
A The Nineteenth Amendment gave millions of women the right to vote.
B The people were excited about voting on the issue of Prohibition.
C Demobilization of the military released millions of men for voting.
D Warren G. Harding’s call for “normalcy” energized the voters.
Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had which of the following in common?
A They were leaders involved with the 1960s civil rights movement.
B They were initial members of President Franklin Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet.
C They were writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance.
D They were outspoken opponents to U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
The primary objective of Harlem Renaissance writers was to
A encourage militant protest among African Americans.
B support educational programs for African Americans.
C improve literacy rates among African Americans.
D generate pride in African-American culture.
Which of these was an outgrowth of mass production techniques used during the 1920s?
A an increase in the advertising industryB a decrease in the need for female
workersC an increase in environmental
protection lawsD a decrease in demand for unionization
Chapter 8.2◦ Define in your own words:
Mass production Assembly line Welfare Capitalism Open Shop
◦ Read Chapter 8.2 and answer questions 2-5 on page 455 Chapter 8.3
◦ Define in your own words: Supply-side economics Cooperative individualism Isolationism The Washington Conference and Kellogg-Briand Pact moratorium
◦ Read Chapter 8.3 and answer questions 3 and 4 on page 459
8.2 and 8.3 Assignment…due Fri.