Tactical NetworkTactical NetworkModeling and Simulation Modeling and Simulation

StudyStudy

Swapnaja RanadeSwapnaja Ranade

Michael StephanoMichael Stephano

AgendaAgenda

Scenario descriptionScenario description Network modelNetwork model Results and analysisResults and analysis ConclusionsConclusions

Problem StatementProblem Statement

Observe relationship between Observe relationship between physical layer parameters and physical layer parameters and network layer parameters for a network layer parameters for a tactical network.tactical network.

ApproachApproach

Model a highly mobile tactical Model a highly mobile tactical network in OPNET and observe network in OPNET and observe parameters through simulation.parameters through simulation.

Network Topology and ScaleNetwork Topology and Scale

2 M1A2 tank companies2 M1A2 tank companies 28 total nodes28 total nodes 20 minute simulation duration20 minute simulation duration 4.5 km x 4.0 km playbox4.5 km x 4.0 km playbox

Company HierarchyCompany Hierarchy1st Platoon

2nd Platoon

3rd Platoon

HQ

Alpha Company Bravo Company

March Phase

Battle Phase

Radio PropagationRadio Propagation

1 W transmission power1 W transmission power Omni-directional antennaOmni-directional antenna Antenna height of 3 metersAntenna height of 3 meters DTED terrain data usedDTED terrain data used TIREM4 propagation modelTIREM4 propagation model Data rate used is 11MbpsData rate used is 11Mbps

Network Protocols UsedNetwork Protocols Used

802.11b802.11b AODVAODV IPIP Represented by OPNET MANET node Represented by OPNET MANET node

modelmodel

Mobility ModelMobility Model

M1A2 CharacteristicsM1A2 Characteristics 30 mph mean speed30 mph mean speed 17 mph 10% slope17 mph 10% slope 4.1 mph 60% slope4.1 mph 60% slope

MATLAB ModelMATLAB Model Incorporates DTED dataIncorporates DTED data Speed linearly interpolated based on slopeSpeed linearly interpolated based on slope MATLAB was used to generate trajectory MATLAB was used to generate trajectory

filesfiles

Simulation Metrics CollectedSimulation Metrics Collected Physical LayerPhysical Layer

Received PowerReceived Power SNRSNR BERBER

Network LayerNetwork Layer ThroughputThroughput DelayDelay Packet Loss RatioPacket Loss Ratio

OPNET DemoOPNET Demo

Traffic ModelTraffic Model

Position UpdatesPosition Updates Sensor UpdatesSensor Updates VoIP TrafficVoIP Traffic Other TrafficOther Traffic

Packet Tx/Rx RatePacket Tx/Rx Rate

Data CollectedData Collected

Time Power SNR BER Throughput Latency PLRTime Power SNR BER Throughput Latency PLR 0.0 1.5170e-09 41.3 0 3.5738e+05 6.8342e-03 3.0769e-020.0 1.5170e-09 41.3 0 3.5738e+05 6.8342e-03 3.0769e-02 1.0 1.7490e-09 38.8 0 7.3606e+05 4.5720e-03 1.9084e-021.0 1.7490e-09 38.8 0 7.3606e+05 4.5720e-03 1.9084e-02 2.0 2.0140e-09 39.8 0 1.1087e+06 1.1524e-02 1.4566e-022.0 2.0140e-09 39.8 0 1.1087e+06 1.1524e-02 1.4566e-02 3.0 2.2980e-09 39.1 0 1.1307e+06 5.5088e-03 8.0000e-033.0 2.2980e-09 39.1 0 1.1307e+06 5.5088e-03 8.0000e-03 4.0 2.6500e-09 39.4 0 1.1183e+06 5.6622e-03 5.3814e-034.0 2.6500e-09 39.4 0 1.1183e+06 5.6622e-03 5.3814e-03 5.0 3.1420e-09 39.6 0 1.1235e+06 5.6514e-03 4.5524e-035.0 3.1420e-09 39.6 0 1.1235e+06 5.6514e-03 4.5524e-03 6.0 3.7640e-09 39.7 0 1.1168e+06 5.6525e-03 3.3827e-036.0 3.7640e-09 39.7 0 1.1168e+06 5.6525e-03 3.3827e-03 7.0 4.3330e-09 39.9 4.10e-11 1.1325e+06 5.4484e-03 2.5316e-037.0 4.3330e-09 39.9 4.10e-11 1.1325e+06 5.4484e-03 2.5316e-03 8.0 4.8420e-09 40.0 0 1.1132e+06 5.6375e-03 2.3791e-038.0 4.8420e-09 40.0 0 1.1132e+06 5.6375e-03 2.3791e-03 9.0 5.4510e-09 40.1 2.20e-11 1.0724e+06 9.8462e-03 6.9111e-039.0 5.4510e-09 40.1 2.20e-11 1.0724e+06 9.8462e-03 6.9111e-0310.0 6.1950e-09 43.5 4.20e-11 1.0481e+06 3.1363e-02 1.3079e-0210.0 6.1950e-09 43.5 4.20e-11 1.0481e+06 3.1363e-02 1.3079e-0211.0 8.1250e-09 43.8 0 1.0414e+06 4.6925e-02 2.0159e-0211.0 8.1250e-09 43.8 0 1.0414e+06 4.6925e-02 2.0159e-0212.0 1.2111e-08 42.3 1.19e-10 1.2502e+06 1.3544e-01 9.9167e-0312.0 1.2111e-08 42.3 1.19e-10 1.2502e+06 1.3544e-01 9.9167e-0313.0 1.9789e-08 40.4 6.75e-10 1.1259e+06 5.7345e-03 9.0520e-0313.0 1.9789e-08 40.4 6.75e-10 1.1259e+06 5.7345e-03 9.0520e-0314.0 3.8793e-08 40.7 0 1.1313e+06 5.9660e-03 8.4907e-0314.0 3.8793e-08 40.7 0 1.1313e+06 5.9660e-03 8.4907e-0315.0 5.6273e-08 42.7 0 1.1161e+06 6.1210e-03 8.0972e-0315.0 5.6273e-08 42.7 0 1.1161e+06 6.1210e-03 8.0972e-0316.0 5.8653e-08 43.8 0 1.1164e+06 5.9077e-03 7.6680e-0316.0 5.8653e-08 43.8 0 1.1164e+06 5.9077e-03 7.6680e-0317.0 3.6067e-08 41.0 0 1.1186e+06 5.9030e-03 7.5138e-0317.0 3.6067e-08 41.0 0 1.1186e+06 5.9030e-03 7.5138e-0318.0 2.3554e-08 38.7 1.20e-11 1.1191e+06 6.4405e-03 6.8883e-0318.0 2.3554e-08 38.7 1.20e-11 1.1191e+06 6.4405e-03 6.8883e-0319.0 1.6607e-08 37.9 0 1.1302e+06 6.0194e-03 6.5212e-0319.0 1.6607e-08 37.9 0 1.1302e+06 6.0194e-03 6.5212e-03

Covariance MatrixCovariance Matrix

xx yy zz aa bb cc

xx σσxx22 CCxyxy CCxzxz CCxaxa CCxbxb CCxcxc

yy σσyy22 CCyzyz CCyaya CCybyb CCycyc

zz σσzz22 CCzaza CCzbzb CCzczc

aa σσaa22 CCabab CCacac

bb σσbb22 CCbcbc

cc σσcc22

Correlation MatrixCorrelation Matrix

xx yy zz aa bb cc

xx 1.01.0 rrxyxy rrxzxz rrxaxa rrxbxb rrxcxc

yy 1.01.0 rryzyz rryaya rrybyb rrycyc

zz 1.01.0 rrzaza rrzbzb rrzczc

aa 1.01.0 rrabab rracac

bb 1.01.0 rrbcbc

cc 1.01.0

Correlation ExpectationsCorrelation Expectations

PPrxrx SNRSNR BERBER TputTput LatencyLatency PLRPLR

PPrxrx 1.01.0 ++ -- ++ -- --

SNRSNR 1.01.0 -- ++ -- --

BERBER 1.01.0 -- ++ ++

TputTput 1.01.0 -- --

LatencyLatency 1.01.0 ++

PLRPLR 1.01.0

Correlation MatrixCorrelation MatrixBased on OPNET Sim DataBased on OPNET Sim Data

PPrxrx SNRSNR BERBER TputTput LatencyLatency PLRPLR

PPrxrx 1.01.0 0.55120.5512 -0.0868-0.0868 0.25970.2597 -0.1292-0.1292 -0.3624-0.3624

SNRSNR 1.01.0 -0.4596-0.4596 0.33740.3374 -0.1906-0.1906 -0.3843-0.3843

BERBER 1.01.0 0.05660.0566 -0.0359-0.0359 0.10350.1035

TputTput 1.01.0 -0.4851-0.4851 -0.8758-0.8758

LatencyLatency 1.01.0 -0.4573-0.4573

PLRPLR 1.01.0

y = mx + bm = -2.48 x 106

b = 0.0935

Linear Regression (Native Linear Regression (Native Units)Units)

Power vs. Packet Loss RatioPower vs. Packet Loss Ratio

y = mx + bm = -0.3624b = 0

Linear Regression (Z Scores)Linear Regression (Z Scores)Power vs. Packet Loss RatioPower vs. Packet Loss Ratio

y = mx + bm = 9.62 x 103

b = 5.41 x 105

Linear RegressionLinear RegressionSNR vs. ThroughputSNR vs. Throughput

y = mx + bm = 9.62 x 103

b = 5.41 x 105

Linear RegressionLinear RegressionThroughput vs. Packet Loss Throughput vs. Packet Loss

RatioRatio

OPNET Model IssuesOPNET Model IssuesDiscovered By AnalysisDiscovered By Analysis

SNR modelSNR model Mathematical issueMathematical issue Correctable in OPNET with modificationsCorrectable in OPNET with modifications

BER modelBER model Inadequate OPNET modulation curvesInadequate OPNET modulation curves Correctable in OPNET with modificationsCorrectable in OPNET with modifications

r = -0.5621

Modulation CurveModulation CurveProduced AnalyticallyProduced Analytically

02

1

N

EerfcBER b

ConclusionsConclusions

Correlation analysisCorrelation analysis Power and SNR exhibit fairly strong Power and SNR exhibit fairly strong

correlation to network parameterscorrelation to network parameters Low BER correlation due to model, not Low BER correlation due to model, not

real effectreal effect Regression analysisRegression analysis

Useful but of limited utilityUseful but of limited utility Choosing appropriate physical layer Choosing appropriate physical layer

datadata

ReferencesReferences G. Kelsch, M. Roberts, and D. Harris. Toward New Tactical Network G. Kelsch, M. Roberts, and D. Harris. Toward New Tactical Network

Modeling and Simulation Approaches. In Modeling and Simulation Approaches. In IEEE Military IEEE Military Communications ConferenceCommunications Conference, pages 2396-2401 Vol. 4, October , pages 2396-2401 Vol. 4, October 2005.2005.

United States Army Field Manual. FM 17-15 Tank Platoon. April United States Army Field Manual. FM 17-15 Tank Platoon. April 1996.1996.

M.J. Ryan and M.R. Frater. Tactical Communications for the M.J. Ryan and M.R. Frater. Tactical Communications for the Digitized Battlefield. Artech House, Norwood, MA, 2002.Digitized Battlefield. Artech House, Norwood, MA, 2002.

S.K. Kachigan. Multivariate Statistical Analysis: A Conceptual S.K. Kachigan. Multivariate Statistical Analysis: A Conceptual Introduction, 2Introduction, 2ndnd Edition. Radius Press, New York, NY, 1991. Edition. Radius Press, New York, NY, 1991.

General Dynamics M1A2 Abrams Specifications Sheet.General Dynamics M1A2 Abrams Specifications Sheet.