Monali Ranade Carbon Finance Unit June 18,...
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Monali Ranade Carbon Finance Unit June 18, 2010
Transcript of Monali Ranade Carbon Finance Unit June 18,...
Monali RanadeCarbon Finance Unit
June 18, 2010
GHG emissions in Cities
Transportation of
WasteWasteTransport
Urban
Forestry
Water
Grey water
reuse
Sludge
treatment
Pedestrian
comfortEnergy
Traffic
management
systems
Biogas-to-
energy
Efficient water
pumping
Heat
island effect
Emission source:
(+) Transport
(+) Solid Waste
(+) Energy usage
(+) Water
Emission sink:
(-) Urban Forestry
Mathematically, it should be possible for a city to be carbon neutral by creating sufficient green areas
City A
City B
City C
TransportWaste
Waste
Waste
water
Options 3: PoA across many cities (e.g., Solid waste PoA )
Option 1: Stand-alone project in one large city [e.g., Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project]
Option 2: Bundle of two or more projects in one city or across multiple cities (e.g., EE in water pumping)water
Options for cities to access carbon finance*
* Under CDM
Transport
Transport
TransportCPA 1 CPA 2..
Energy CPA 5 CPA 6..
WasteCPA 3 CPA 4..
WaterCPA 7 CPA 8..
Urban ForestryCPA 9, CPA 10
City-wide approach to carbon finance*Enabling cities to improve urban services while reducing GHG emissions
Characteristics of an urban program
a. City Authority responsible for
• Aggregation of GHG reductions
• Implementation
• Monitoring and verification
b. Baseline includes the urban area,
current and projected growth
c. Technology and policy interventions
identified in each sector
d. Strengthens on-going programs
e. Implementation through public-
private partnerships, sub-contracts,
ESCOs, etc
* This approach will be submitted to the CDM EB in June 2010
BaselineEnergy + Waste + Transport sectors
Un
it T
on
s o
f C
O2
e
(Cu
mu
lati
ve
)
Assumptions:• 10% Annual growth of emissions in the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario• Project and policy interventions included for each sector• Implementation start date and length varies for project interventions in the 10 year period• Emissions and emission reductions are cumulative
Illustration of GHG mitigation impact
Year 1 10
GHG
Emission
Reductions
+Cost savings
+Public
health/safety
+Aesthetic
value
+Benefit to
natural
environment
City
Urban Transport
WasteSustainable
EnergyUrban
Forestry
Landfill gas to energy
Plastics Recycling
slaughterhouse waste-to-energy
Energy-efficient street lighting
Residential CFL usage
Solar water heating systems for households
Wind farm
Building energy efficiency
Bus Rapid Transit system
Light Rail Transit system
Fuel switch for public vehicles
Plantations in urban and peri-urban areas
Urban agriculture
A City-wide Program
Options for calculating GHG ERs?
► By Activity: approved CDM Methodologies (to generate CERs)
► By geographical area: City-level transport assessment
► By sector: Integrated waste management tools
Key data requirements (CDM Methodology: AMS II.C)
• Identification of streets covered under the project
• Detailed information on baseline and project light fittings:
Number, type, wattage, lumen
• Mode and hours of operation of the street-lights
• Sample metering of light switching points to monitor hours of operation
• Sample random survey of lights
By Activity: Example Street-lighting
By Activity: Example waste management
• AMS III.H Methane recovery in wastewater treatment (WWT)
• AMS III.I Avoidance of CH4 production in WWT through replacement of anaerobic lagoons
by aerobic systems
• ACM0014 Mitigation of GHG Emissions from Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
• AMS III.E Avoidance of CH4 production from decay of biomass through controlled
combustion
• AMS III.F Avoidance of CH4 production from decay of biomass through composting
• ACM0010 Consolidated methodology for GHG emission reductions from manure
management systems.
• AMS III.D CH4 recovery in agriculture and agro-industrial activities
• AMS III.G Landfill gas (LFG) Capture & Flaring
Solid Waste
Wastewater
Manure
Landfill Gas (LFG) Flaring
By Sector: Integrated Solid waste management
• Developed by IFEU
Instt. for KFW and
GTZ
• Life-cycle approach
• Cover wide spectrum
of strategies for solid
waste management
• Not directly suitable
for CDM purposes, at
present
By geographic area: Transport in a city
Vehicle Inventory
Fuel Efficiency
Activity Level
Calculations can also be based on individual CDM methodologies
AMS III.C, AMS III.S, AMS III.T, AM0031, ACM0016
Vehicle Registration
Adjusted COPERT
Road Length + Odometer
Conclusions
• Accessing carbon finance requires “trace-ability”, if
methodologies are available, this can be done at a broader scale
• Data needs to establish the baseline are not drastically different
• Quantification of GHG mitigation is not “one-size-fits-all”. Even
within a city, some sectors are better suited for a “project based
approach” and others for a “sector-wide approach”.
• Management of the activities that result in GHG mitigation is of
critical importance and quantification and monitoring requirements
can support effective implementation
