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TeX in India

 Looking Back, Looking Forward 

Ajit Ranade

TUG 2002, Thiruvananthapuram

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A

Geographic

Idea of 

India

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An Economic Idea of India 

Strengths

sustained growth at 6.4 for over adecade (but recent slowdown)

strong export potential, current a/c

deficit low healthy forex reserves

low external debt

low inflation regime

political consensus on reforms

deepening financial sector

knowledge base advantage,demographic surge

Weaknesses

fiscal deficit high, debt gdp ratio high

fiscal situation of states worse

inadequate infrastructure, huge

funding need

unsatisfactory investment climate

rising gap between rich and poor states

dependence on oil imports, monsoons

slowing of reforms, coalitioncompulsions

social indicators below world average

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GDP Growth Trend

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

   G   D   P   G  r  o

  w   t   h   (   %   )

India

World

PPP GDP about US $2 trillion, fourth highest in the world

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High Service Sector Growth 

2000-01 

53.3

24.8

21.9

1990-91 

Services

43.7

Agriculture30.9

Industry

25.4

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accounts for about 2% of India’s GDP.

In FY01, its share was 1.5% of the global market

($387 bn).

In FY02, the size of the industry was Rs. 485 bn of 

which exports accounted for 76% and domestic

software 24%.

India exports software to 102 countries.

An unexpected bonus of highly subsidised tech

education?

Indian Software Industry 

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050

100150200250300350

400450500

   F   Y   9   5

   F   Y   9   6

   F   Y   9   7

   F   Y   9   8

   F   Y   9   9

   F   Y   0   0

   F   Y   0   1

   F   Y   0   2   (   E   )

Exports Domestic

Size of Indian Software Industry (in Rs.bn)

FY02 (in Rs. Bn):Exports 369Dom. Market 116

FY02 Growth Rate:Exports 30%

Dom. Market 18% 

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IT Enabled Services

•Recently emerged as a major driver of software

industry•Covers services like medical transcription,

customer interaction service, data digitization,

back office operations

•In FY02, showed 70% growth (Rs. 70 bn)

•Employs over 1,00,000 people•Will account for 40% of all venture capital

investment by end of 2002

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0 10 20 30 40

IT Services Exports

ITES Exports

Product and Technology

Services

Domestic Market 13-15

8-11

21-24

28-30

NASSCOM McKinsey Report 2002

NASSCOM Estimates for 2008 (in $ Bn)

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TeX in India 

• TeX Users’ Groups of India is 5 years old 

• Possibly the biggest TUG (?)

• All 13 Indic scripts can be typeset in TeX (but

only 10 of 5000 fonts free)

• an estimated 8000 people work diectly on TeX

for their livelihood

• Research and font development work almost

totally done outside India in the past

• only one widely used TeX package done in

India ( pdfscreen)

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TeX and Scientific Publishing 

• Market concentrated, estimated value US $15bn

• Elsevier share about 40%

• total exports from Indian vendors for publishing

as a whole is US$ 100m, doubled in 3 years

• Scientific publishing much smaller part

• Training is a main bottleneck • TeX may be loosing to newer technologies

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Some TeX India case studies 

• Universities, research institutes

• Medialab Asia, Homi Bhabha Centre

• Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy• TechBooks

• M.G. Antarrashtrira Hindi Vishwavidyalaya

• Focal Image India• MacMillan, Thompson Press

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Indian Readership

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Readership Surveys 

• Sources NRS and IRS• growth more than 10%, high in the Hindi

belt

• 180 m readers, Kerala 70%, Bihar 15%• average exposure only 16 minutes to media

• Dainik Bhasker, Jagran now largest dailies

• readership of dailies growth faster thanliteracy growth during 1999-2002

• 48% readership in 6 lakh villages

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Outlook for Readership

•major book producing country

•greatest English language book buying potential in

the world

•growing literacy, edu institutions, and purchasing

power•248 m adults are literate but do not read any

publication.

•FY03 may see a 20-25% sales growth in

publishing

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TeX in India: Looking Ahead 

• Increasing marketshare in publishing,higher billing rates and volumes

• Catering to domestic publishing demand

• technical documents in Indian languages• standardised encoding for all Indic scripts

• Prof. Vidysagars’s vision - right-click on a

ps file to transliterate in any Indian font

• Open Type fonts for all Indic scripts

• TeX development from India

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• Marriage of Unix/Linux localisation with

TeX, also merge into Indic-computing effort

• same language subtitling

• e-books, simputer, text-to-speech

• training and outreach (the travelling TUG

secretariat, summer schools)• leveraging open-source (a la sunshine and

solar devices)

TeX in India: Looking Ahead (contd)