Table of Contents · PDF file · 2010-03-17Indonesia, PT. NTP Indonesia, IAM (ITB...

Table of Contents

Supporting Organizations

Sponsors page

Forewords

Dean's Welcome

About the RC-MeAe

Committee

Venue

About Indonesia

About Bali

About ITB

Keynote Lectures

Schedule

Paper List

Poster List

Author List

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Supporting Organizations

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (FTMD),

Indonesia

The ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development

Network (AUN/SEED Net) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

ASEAN Foundation

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) - International Chapter Indonesia

Section

Badan Kerja Sama Teknik Mesin (BKSTM), Indonesia

Badan Kejuruan Mesin, Persatuan Insinyur Indonesia (PII), Indonesia

Institut Aeronotika dan Astronotika Indonesia (IAAI), Indonesia

Ikatan Ahli Teknik Otomotif (IATO), Indonesia

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RCMeAe

PT ILTHABI REKATAMA

F T M D

I A M I T B

Forewords

Welcome to the Regional Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Technology (RC-MeAe) 2010. It is a pleasure and honour for us to host this regional conference in Bali, Indonesia. As reflected by the theme “Building Education, Research, And industrial network through Collaboration”, this conference aims to bring together researchers, engineers, and scholars to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results about main aspects of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

It is also expected to stimulate a spirit for building a network of academic, research, and industrial sectors in this conference.RC-MeAe 2010 is jointly organized by The Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung and The ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED Net).

The committee has selected 120 papers for oral presentation and 12 posters from around 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Six keynote speakers from distiguished institutions in Japan, Australia, and Indonesia will also deliver a series of lectures, which obviously will bring a tremendous atmosphere for this conference.

Further, allow me to thank Institut Teknologi Bandung, AUN/SEED Net, IAAI (Indonesia Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute), ASEAN Foundation, and JICA for supporting the organization of this conference. We would also like to express our gratitude to PT. Garuda Maintenance Facility (GMF)-Aeroasia as the main sponsor of this conference, PT. Garuda Indonesia, PT. NTP Indonesia, IAM (ITB Mechanical Engineering Alumni Association), PT ILTHABI Rekatama, Shell Indonesia, and PT. Krama Yudha Ratu Motor Indonesia, for their contributions which has enabled us for hosting this conference. Last but not least, we are really thankful for the overwhelming contribution from all the participants.

We believe that with the support from all parties, this conference will fullfill its potential to become a leading forum for promoting academics - industrial sectors collaborations.We hope you will have great times in this conference and during your stay in Bali.

General Chair RC-MeAe 2010

Hari Muhammad, Ph.D.

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Dean's Welcome

On behalf of the Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (FMAE – ITB), I would like to extend our warmest greetings to all of you, participants of the Regional Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Technology 2010. Welcome to Bali, the Paradise Island. It is an honor for us at FMAE – ITB to host this regional conference, held in conjunction with the 2nd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference in the Aero-Mechanical field.

As a AUN/SEED-Net Host Institution for Aero-Mechanical field, FMAE – ITB conduct annual regional conference, and a network amongst the AUN/SEED-Net Member Institutions have been established.

Many research and educational collaborations between AUN/SEED-Net Member Institutions as well as Japanese Supporting Universities counterparts have been carried out since the inception of the AUN/SEED-Net project since 2003. To prepare for future challenges in the Aero-Mechanical field, we feel that it is time to widen the network to the Asia – Pacific region. Hence, we would like to extend special welcome to participants from Taiwan, Korea, and Australia, and hope that this Conference will bring a spirit of togetherness amongst all participants and open doors for future collaborations in the Asia-Pacific region.

Mechanical and Aerospace technology have played significant role in the industrialization processes in the Asia-Pacific region. Development of technology in mechanical and aerospace fields will affects the industrial/manufacturing sectors, and conversely, the demands and needs of industrial/manufacture sectors will drive research and development activities. Hence, the theme of the Conference “Building Education, Research, and Industrial Network through Collaboration” is very appropriate for future mutually beneficial linkages.

Close relationship between academia and industry as well as government, is necessary to create networks for the contribution in the development of the area. We hope that this conference will provide you with opportunities to establish future education, research, and industrial linkages. I hope all of you enjoy the spirit of togetherness and the atmosphere in this conference, and still find time to enjoy Bali.

Warmest Regards,

Andi Isra Mahyuddin, Ph.D.

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RCMeAe

About

As reflected by the theme “Building Education, Research, And industrial network through Collaboration”, the Regional Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Technology (RC-MeAe) aims to bring together researchers, engineers, and scholars to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results about main aspects of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. This regional conference, which is also intended to be a forum for building research, education, and industrial network in the mechanical and aerospace fields, is jointly organized by:

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Badan Kerja Sama Teknik Mesin (BKSTM), Indonesia

Badan Kejuruan Mesin, Persatuan Insinyur Indonesia (PII), Indonesia

Institut Aeronotika dan Astronotika Indonesia (IAAI), Indonesia

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) - International Chapter Indonesia Section

The ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED Net) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

ASEAN Foundation

Ikatan Ahli Teknik Otomotif (IATO)

RC-MeAe is expected to be attended by no less than 150 participants from 14 different countries worldwide, e.g. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Rusia, Australia etc.

We believe that an opportunity for building an education, research, and industry network may stem from this conference, an opportunity that must be positively supported by us.

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Committee

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RCMeAeRegional Program Committee

Dr. Andi Isra Mahyuddin Dr. Yatna Yuwana M. Dr. Firman Hartono

Members of the Regional Program Committee Prof. Suzuki (Japan) Prof. Kishimoto (Japan) Prof. Obi (Japan) Prof. Homma (Japan) Prof. Fei Bin Hsiao (Taiwan) Dr. Aliakbar Akbarzadeh (University of Melbourne, Australia) Dr. Marcus P. (University of Melbourne, Australia) Dr. Hadi Winarto (RMIT, Australia) Dr. Go Tiauw Hong (NUS, Singapore) Dr. Victor Shim (NUS, Singapore) Prof. Djoko Suharto (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Mardjono Siswosuwarno (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Komang Bagiasna (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Indra Nurhadi (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Aryadi Soewono (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Muljowidodo Kartidjo (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Bambang Sutjiatmo (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Ichsan S. Putra (ITB, Indonesia) Prof. Bambang Sugiarto (UI, Indonesia) Prof. Triyogi Yuwono (ITS, Indonesia)

Plenary Sessions Chairs Dr. Halim Abdurrachim Dr. Lavi R. Zuhal Dr. Tatacipta Dirgantara Dr. Romie O. Bura Dr. Djarot Widagdo

Conference General Chairman Dr. Hari Muhammad (ITB, Indonesia)

Conference Program Chairs Dr. Rianto Adhy Sasongko Dr. Rachman Setiawan

Finance Chairs Dr. Sandro Mihradi

Conference Secretariat and Registrations Shinta Puspita Hadyan Hafizh Mahesa Akbar

Publication and Proocedings Dr. Taufiq Mulyanto Anugrah Andisetiawan Dr. Firman Hartono Fuad Surastyo Stepen Elingselasri Luthfi I. Nurhakim

Awards chair Hendri Syamsuddin, MSc.

Local arrangements and social events Dr. Yuli S. Indartono

VENUE

Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel Sanur, Denpasar, Bali - Indonesia P. O. Box 3275 Denpasar 800322, Bali - Indonesia Phone : +62(361)288511 Fax : +62(361)287917 Inna Grand Bali Beach hotel is located on the long white sandy beach of Sanur, Bali’s original seaside resort, which has long been known for its world class facilities and an atmosphere of comfort and privacy. the luxurious ten-storey central tower building, the highest in Bali, offers a wide range of dining and

leisure opportunities and landscaped tropical gardens spreads out over 45 hectares land. the hotel featuring state-of-the-art visitor facilities and also numerous artistic amenities that bring to life the cultural excellence of the Balinese people and their many talented neighbour. Some recreation facilities at Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel are :

A nine hole championship golf course A wide range of water sport including fishing, diving, and snorkeling A jogging track A ten-eight lane indoor bowling center A modern spa Bicycle for hire Four outdoor swimming pool Mini Driving range

Two Gravel tennis courts Table Tennis

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Indonesia

Indonesia consists of 17,508 islands, about 6,000 of which are inhabited. These are scattered over both sides of the equator. The five largest islands are Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea), and Sulawesi. Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on the islands of Borneo and Sebatik, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor on the island of Timor. Indonesia also shares borders with Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines to the north and Australia to the south across narrow straits of water. The capital, Jakarta, is on Java and is the nation's largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang.

At 1,919,440 square kilometers (741,050 sq mi), Indonesia is the world's 16th-largest country in terms of land area. Its average population density is 134 people per square kilometer (347 per sq mi), 79th in the world, although Java, the world's most populous island, has a population density of 940 people per square kilometer (2,435 per sq mi). At 4,884 metres (16,020 ft), Puncak Jaya in Papua is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145 square kilometers (442 sq mi). The country's largest rivers are in Kalimantan, and include the Mahakam and Barito; such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.

Lying along the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate, with two distinct monsoonal wet and dry seasons. Average annual rainfall in the lowlands varies from 1,780–3,175 millimeters (70–125 in), and up to 6,100 millimeters (240 in) in mountainous regions. Mountainous areas—particularly in the west coast of Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua—receive the highest rainfall. Humidity is generally high, averaging about 80%. Temperatures vary little throughout the year; the average daily temperature range of Jakarta is 26–30 °C (79–86 °F).

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Bali

Bali is a land that seems to have a magnet at its very heart. It is a feeling that is difficult to understand unless experienced but once visited you are surely compelled to come back and you may even want to stay forever, such is its pull. Maybe its Bali’s beauty, maybe the friendly people, or maybe even the influence from spirits that certainly abide in this place.

Bali goes under many names. Some call it the ‘island of the gods’, others Shangri-La. The ‘last paradise’, the ‘dawning of the world’ and the ‘centre of the universe’ are yet more names for this truly beautiful tropical island inhabited by a remarkably artistic people who have created a dynamic society with unique arts and ceremonies.

Bali is small, just 140 Km by 80 Km and lies between Java, the most highly populated and influential of all the islands, and Lombok, one of the quieter and moderately slower paced islands. Like many islands, Bali has developed a world of its own. It not only captures what is special about Indonesia but also has a uniqueness of its own.

Lying just 8o south of the Equator, Bali can boast a tropical climate with just two seasons a year and an average temperature of around 28o Celsius. It has a whole range of different environments and activities for the tourist.

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ITB

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) or Bandung Insitute of Technology or Institute of technology Bandung, was founded on March 2, 1959. The present ITB main campus is the site of earlier engineering schools in Indonesia. Although these institutions of higher learning had their own individual characteristics and missions, they left influence on developments leading to the establishment of ITB.

In 1920, Technische Hogeschool (TH) was established in Bandung, which for a short time, in the middle forties, became Kogyo Daigaku. Not long after the birth of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945, the campus housed the Technical Faculty (including a Fine Arts Department) of Universitas Indonesia, with the head office in Jakarta. In the early fifties, a. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, also part of Universitas Indonesia, was established on the campus.

In 1959, the present lnstitut Teknologi Bandung was founded by the Indonesian government as an institution of higher learning of science, technology, and fine arts, with a mission of education, research, and service to the community.

Government Decree No. 155/2000 pertaining to The Decision on ITB as Legal Enterprise (Badan Hukum) has opened a new path for ITB to become autonomous. The status of autonomy implies a freedom for the institution to manage its own bussiness in an effective and efficient way, and to be fully responsible for the planning and implementation of all program and activity, and the quality control for the attainment of its institutional objective. The institution has also freedom in deciding their measures and taking calculated risks in facing tight competition and intense pressures.

The ITB main campus, to the north of the downtown Bandung, and its other campuses, cover a total area of 770,000 square meters. Students Dormitories, lecturers' housing and administrative headquarters are not on the main campus but are within easy reach. Facilities on the campus include book shops, a post office, student cafeteria, and a clinic. The architecture of ITB is a fine mixture of the traditional and the modern, and the beauty of the buildings is enhanced by the surrounding lawns and gardens.

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Keynote Lectures

Prof. Ichsan Setya Putra

Prof. Jeffrey S. Cross

Prof. Shinnosuke Obi

Prof. Aliakbar Akbarzadeh

Assoc. Prof. Takeshi Tsuchiya

DR. Budi Santoso

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RCMeAe

Main Schedule

Monday, 8 February 2010

- 17.00 - Welcome Party and Registration

Tuesday, 9 February 2010

No Time Programs

1 07.15 – 08.00 Preparation and Registration

2 08.00 – 08.30 Opening speeches

3 08.30 – 09.20 Plenary session 1 : Prof. Aliakbar Akbarzadeh

4 09.20 – 10.10 Plenary session 2 : Assoc. Prof. T. Tsuchiya

5 10.10 – 10.30 Coffee break

6 10.30 – 12.00 Session 1 (4 talks @ 20 mins.)

7 12.00 – 13.15 Lunch Break

8 13.15 – 14.10 Plenary session 3 : Dr. Budi Santoso


10 16.30 Social Events : Uluwatu

11 18.30 Social Events : Dinner at GWK

Prize/Award announcement

Journal Launching

Wednesday, 10 February 2010

No Time Programs

1 07.15 – 08.00 Preparation

2 08.00 – 08.50 Opening + Plenary session 4 : Prof. S. Obi

3 08.50 – 09.45 Plenary session 5 : Prof. I. S. Putra

4 09.45 – 10.00 Coffee break


6 12.00 – 13.15 Lunch Break

7 13.15 – 14.10 Plenary session 6 : Prof. J. Scott


9 16.15 – 16.45 Closing Ceremony

10 16.45 – 17.30 AUN-SEED session

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Schedule Room 1 Schedule Room 2 Schedule Room 3 Schedule Room 4 Schedule Room 5 Schedule Room 6

Paper List

Paper List 101 – 139 Fluid Systems

Paper List 201 – 223 Energy Systems

Paper List 301 – 335 Mechanical Systems

Paper List 401 – 421 Structure and Materials

Paper List 501 – 522 Flight Physics

Paper List 601 – 610 Aviations

Paper List 701 – 705 Engineering Educations

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RCMeAe

About RC-MeAe 2010

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RCMeAe

About RC-MeAe 2010

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Poster List

RCMeAe

Authors List

About RC-MeAe 2010

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RCMeAeA. I. Mahyuddin (322,323,324)

A. P. Sasmito (114)

A. S. Mujundar (114)

A. Sugiarso (113)

A. Suwono (112)

A. Syariful (113)

Abdul Aziz Jaafar (603)

A Juliawati (303)

Abdurrachim H. (136)

Agung Wibowo (419)

Agus Salim Ridwan (607)

Agus Sudarwarman (519)

Agus Trilaksono (407)

Ahmad Abobaker Lashlem (318)

Akhmad Farid Widodo (106)

Albert Meigo R. E. Y. (132)

Alex Sepnov (106)

Alexander Paran (109)

Alfaris Gifari (333)

Alongkorn Pimpin (328)

Amrul (221)

Andika A. W. (325)

Andre Publico (109)

Anugrah Andisetiawan (335)

Aprizal Nahla (605)

Ari Darmawan Pasek (220,221)

Arie Sukma Jaya (324)

Aries Karyadi (223)

Arif Sugianto (301)

Aristotle T. Ubando (109)

Arun S. Mujumdar (411)

Arwut Lapirattanakun (213)

Aryadi Suwono (220,221)

Asep Indra Komara (334)

Asi Bunyajitradulya (328)

Aufa Khairullah (421)

Azlin Md. Said (518)

Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie (603)

Bambang Darianto (308)

Bambang Kismono Hadi (304)

C. K. Yang (124)

C. Meng (110)

Authors List

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RCMeAeC. Y. Wen (124)

Catur S. Kusumohadi (603)

Cha Hassan Che Haron (318)

Chien Huang Liu (305)

D. Mujahidin (219)

D. S. Mironov (108)

D. Setyawan (113)

D. Widagdo (214)

Daddy Setyawan (220)

Darwin Lau (319)

Dede S. Nurbaeti (301)

Dennis T. Beng Hui (705)

Denny Oetomo (319)

Djoko Sardjadi (116,135)

Djoko Suharto (314)

Doung Viet Dung (105)

Dumardono A. Sumarsono (115)

Dzuraidah Abd Wahab (318)

E. Bigersson (114,411)

Edy Suwondo (502)

Efren dela Cruz (702)

Efrison Umar (220)

Elingselasri (135)

Ema Amalia (116)

Erita Ratna Wati (502)

Esashi Masayoshi (329)

Eva Dorignac (137)

Fadly J. D. (325)

Fahmi Fareza (101)

Fahmy Ryadin (308)

Faizal Mustapha (131)

Febil Huda (315)

Fergyanto E. Gunawan (404)

Firman Hartono (126,214,304,505,335)

Fuad Surastyo Pranoto (608)

Gatot M. Pribadi (511)

H. Hafizh (417)

H. Sato (112)

H. Setiawan (420)

H. Suzuki (219)

H. Syamsudin (214,304,522)

H. Usui (219)

Authors List

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RCMeAeHadi Suwarno (403)

Haeryip Sihombing (311)

Handoko Subawi (405)

Hardianto Iridiastadi (607)

Hari Muhammad (507,514)

Harijono Djojodinarjdo (131)

Harwin Saptoadi (216)

Harry Saktian Nugraha (515)

Herri Michael Simamora (116)

Hideki Yanada (321)

Hiroomi Homma (404,416)

Hirotsugu Inoue (406)

Hisar Manongam Pasaribu

(512,514,608)

Hua Chen (117,120,124)

Hau Wei Lee (305)

Hung Anh L. Y. (406)

Hyunh Phuoc Thien (507)

I K A P Utama (113)

I Wayan Adisaputra (316)

I Wayan Suweca (334)

I. G. Wahyu Ariasa (115)

I. M. Astina (110,111,112,203,208)

I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya (202)

Ichsan Setya Putra (320,420,415,402)

Ibnu Affan (104)

Iftikar Z. Sutalaksana (607)

IGN Wiratmaja Puja (421)

Iman K. Reksowardojo (222)

Indra Djodikusumo (333)

Indra Hastoadi Nugroho (302)

Iqbal F. Dasril (301)

Iskandar Shah Ishak (125)

Iswati (104)

J. J. Miau (108)

Javensius Sembiring (514)

Jeu-Jiun Hu (120)

Joga Setiawan (311)

Jundika C. Kurnia (411)

Jupriyanto (607)

Jarruwat Charoensuk (213)

K. Lin (410)

Authors List

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RCMeAeK. M. Chung (108)

K. W. Lum (114)

Kai-Shiang Ku (117)

Kanit Wattanavichien (211)

Kasemsil Onthong (213)

Khanida Koupratoom (217)

Kiatkong Suwannakij (222)

Komang Bagiasna (316)

Kusuma Suntornprasert (217)

Kwan Kyoung Ahn (331)

L. Iryani (415)

L. W. Chen (410)

Lavi R. Zuhal (103,105,106,121)

Leonardo Gunawan (128,320,402,417)

Liang Wen Ji (305)

Lilis Mariani (503)

Luong Ngoc Loi (604)

M. Agus Kariem (421)

M. Andito Budhi Ramadian (301)

M. D. Sutrisno (104)

M. Fadly (518)

M. Fairuz R. (215)

M. Giri Suada (304)

M. Hamdi (139)

M. Idris (312)

M. R. M. Akramin (303)

M. R. Simbolon (415)

Mahesa Akbar (128)

M Mazwan Mahat (303)

Mahmud Iwan Solihin (326)

Manuel Belino (702,703)

Mariance (115)

Mariopi (313)

Masafumi Nakagawa (209)

Masao Uemura (419)

Masahiko Yoshino (309)

Menandro Serrano Berana (209)

Meshack Otedo O. (122)

Mika Patayang (122)

Moch Agoes Moelyadi (130,132)

Mochamad Safarudin (311)

Mohd Faisal Abdul Hamid (131)

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RCMeAeMohd Faizul Sabri (329)

Mohd Syawal Jadin (303)

Muhamad Luthfi I. N. (508,606)

Muhamad Zahim Sujod (303)

Mohamad Johan Bakti (303)

Muhammad Kusni (128,417)

Muhammad Riza Abd Rahman (125)

N. Farhanah (139)

N. Juliyad (323)

N. P. Tandian (207, 223)

Nguyen Hai Long (103)

Nguyen Phu Hung (137)

Nguyen Phu Khanh (123)

Nguyen Vinh Hao (601)

Noval Lilansa (314)

Novi Andria (504)

Nugroho A. Pambuni (216)

Nyein Wai (210)

Obi Shinnosuke (206)

Ooi Lu Ean (330)

Othman Sidek (518)

P. S. Darmanto (112)

Pawinee Suksuntornsiri (212)

Phan Anh Tuan (604)

Phetsaphone Bounyanite (208)

Prabowo (122)

Pramote Laipradit (217)

Prihadi S. Darmanto (208,203)

Priyono Sutikno (206)

Quoc Thanh Truong (331,332)

R. Akmeliawati (325,326)

R. Febrianda (207)

Rahim A. (215)

Rahman Setiawan (312,313)

Ramly Ajir (603)

Rianto Adhy Sasongko (509,515,522)

Robertus Heru Triharjanto (503,504)

Romie O. Bura (130,132,133,135)

S. H. Nasution (511)

S. Chan (112)

S. J. Huang (412)

S. Mihradi (322,323,324)

Authors List

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RCMeAeSaman Halgamuge (319)

San-Yih Lin (120)

Semenov V. I. (412)

Shahnor Basri (603)

Sheng-Chung Tzen (305)

Shinji Suzuki (131,507)

Shinichi Goto (222)

Shirley Savetlana (404)

Shuhaimi Mansor (125)

Simon Sindhu Hendradjaja (402)

Singgih Satrio Wibowo (126)

Soleh Fajar Junjunan (130)

Sounthisack Phommachanah (206)

Srang Sarot (321)

Stepen (121,510)

Subagyo (107)

Sudarwanto (216)

Suhana Mohd Said (329)

Sukarno (116)

Sutardi (104)

Sutikno (416)

Sutrisno (136)

Suwarmin (308)

T. A. Fauzi Soelaiman (207)

T. Dirgantara

(320,322,323,324,402,415,420)

T.R. Mengko (420)

Takahito Ono (329)

Taku Tsujimura (222)

Taufiq Mulyanto (507,605,606,701)

Te-Hua Fang (305)

Thida Tun (610)

Thien Phuc Tran (331,332)

Tholudin Mat Lazim (125)

Toto Hardianto (221)

Toto Indriyanto (508,509,510,513)

Tran Minh Ngoc (123)

Tran Dang Long (601)

Triyogi Wiyono (101,102)

U. M. Purba (322)

Untoro B. Surono (216)

V. C. Thanh (320)

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RCMeAeW. A. Najmi W. M. (215)

W. J. Loh (139)

W. Y. Huang (410)

Wahyudi (326,325)

Wawan Aries Widodo (101,102,104)

Wen Hsiang Hsieh (305)

Willy Kurnia (309)

Wimonnad Charote (217)

Wisnu Ari Adi (403)

Y. Komoda (219)

Y. R. Jeng (412)

Y. S. Indartono (219)

Y. Z. Dai (412)

Yatna Yuwana (223)

Yazdi Ibrahim Jenie (512,513,514)

Yerri N. Kartiko (220)

Yoshinori Takeichi (419)

Yu Fen Chen (305)

Yulianto S. Nugroho (115)

Yustinus Edward K. M. (201)

Yusuf Siahaya (201)

Z. J. Liu (410)

Zaidi Mohd Ripin (330)

Zainal Abidin (314,315,321)

Zaki Abdulsalam Chaerudin (203)

Poster List

Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Air-He Shock Tunnel (124)

H.Chen, C.-Y.Wen, C.-K. Yang

Algebraic And Elliptic Grid Generation Around Straight Wing (130) Soleh Fajar Junjunan, M. Iqbal F, Moch.Agoes Moelyadi

Viscous Flow For Two Dimenssion Duct Using Finite Volume Method (132) Albert Meigo R.E.Y, Moch.Agoes Moelyadi, Romie O. Bura

eDesign and Aerodynamic Analysis of a Prototype Car, HEAVe™, for Shell Eco-Marathon Asia

2010 (135)

Elingselasri, Romie O. Bura, Djoko Sardjadi

Optically monitored Z-tilts Nano-positioning compensating stage with capacitor insertion method

(305)

Chien-Hung Liu, Hau-Wei Lee, Sheng-Chung Tzen, Te-Hua Fang, Liang-Wen Ji, Wen-Hsiang Hsieh,

Yu-Fen Chen

Manufacturing of 500N Turbojet Engine (335)

Anugrah Andisetiawan S., Firman Hartono

Effects of Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-free Solder on Stability of Solar Cell Modulus (410)

W.Y. Huang, L.W. Chen, Z.J. Liu, K. Lin

Flight Characteristics Analysis Of Mini Morphing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Mimo-Uav) Using X-

Plane (508)

Muhamad Luthfi I.N, Toto Indriyanto

Flight Characteristic Analysis of an Aircraft with Unconventional Configuration (Case Study: PSK-

01 Walet) (510)

Stepen, T. Indriyanto

Preliminary Design of Human-Powered Hydrofoil (605)

Aprizal Nahla, Taufiq Mulyanto

About RC-MeAe 2010

Table of Contents

Schedule

Keynote Lectures

Author List

RCMeAe

About RC-MeAe 2010

Table of Contents

Schedule

Keynote Lectures

Paper List

Author List

RCMeAe

About RC-MeAe 2010

Table of Contents

Schedule

Keynote Lectures

Author List

Paper List

RCMeAe

Regional Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Technology

Bali, February 9 – 10, 2010

103-1

Measurement of Flow Field Around a Flapping Wing

Nguyen Hai Long , Lavi R.Zuhal, and Stepen

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia [email protected]

Abstract: Experiments were conducted to investigate the flow field around a flapping

wing. The study was carried out in order to reveal the relationship between flapping

dynamics and force production. The experimental method which was used to obtain the

flow field properties is a state-of-arts measurement technique called Digital Image Particle

Velocimetry or DPIV. DPIV was used to study flow around a simplified flapping wing in

three different motions: a linear translation motion with angle of attack of 90 degree and

two flapping translation motions with various angle of attacks. From velocity fields

obtained in DPIV, vorticity fields were computed and plotted in details in order to

understand the physics of the flow. Vorticity fields show clearly the evolution of the flow

from start-up. In all motions, vorticity changes from one regime to another and differs in

every motion. In linear translation case, vorticity fields show the development of two

leading edge vortices (LEVs) in acceleration, constant and deceleration regime. For

flapping translation cases, vorticity fields were analyzed based on every half-stroke and

the detail development in each single half-stroke was studied carefully. In addition, two

other flapping translation motions were also conducted in order to explain the mechanisms

which cause augmentation in force. By comparing the results, conclusions concerning the

linkage between flapping kinematics and force production can be attained.

Keywords: thermo-aerodynamic, DPIV, vortex, flapping wing.

1. Introduction

The understanding of flapping wing aerodynamics, which is used by insects or birds in natural flight, has become

important due to its benefit to overcome some issues face by the conventional fixed and rotating wing. However, the

flow physics are still not well understood and many challenging issues in flapping flight are still not resolved.

In general, natural flight is typically divided into four kinematic regimes: two translational phases (upstroke and

downstroke) and two rotational phases (pronation and supination). By detail investigation of such motions, various

theories have been proposed to explain the physics of high lift generation during flapping. These theories include

the delayed stall phenomena associated with unsteady movement, the upper wing leading-edge vortices, the fast

pitching-up and the wake-capture.

Although the pioneering work of Weis-Fogh (1973) that identified the first unsteady effect termed “clap-and-

fling” is important, especially in small insects, it is not used by all insects (J.Marden 1987) and therefore can not

represent a general solution to the mystery of force production. Lately, the translational mechanism termed “delayed

stall” suggests the explanation of how insect wings generate such large forces. In “leading edge vortex” theory,

leading-edge vortices are formed around the surface of a high angle of attack wing and stabilized by the presence of

axial flow (T.Maxworthy 1981, C.Van den Berg and C.P.Ellington 1997 or Nguyen 2005). However, those two first

mechanisms are not sufficient to explain the existence of two distinguish high peaks of forces at the end and the

beginning of every half-stroke as observed by Dickinson et al 1999. Fast pitching-up and wake-capturing have been

proposed as additional dynamics mechanisms to help explaining the phenomena. Nonetheless, latest studies have

showed a little or no evidence for such kinds of unsteady mechanisms.

In the current work, several experiments using rectangular plat plate (a simplified model of flapping wing) were

conducted in order to investigate the flow field generated by several wing’s motions such as linear translation and

wing’s movement with two degrees of freedom, i.e. rotation and translation. It is revealed more evidence for

additional unsteady mechanisms responsible for generating lift during flapping. Several specific motions are chosen

mailto:[email protected]



103-2

in order to investigate the fast pitching-up and wake-capturing mechanisms. The results of the current work lead to a

suggestion for efficient usage of each motion for particular purpose. The model has a low aspect ratio due to the fact

that all insects have wings with aspect ratio from 2.75 to 6 (Ellington, 1984; Dickinson, 1999, Drawan 1988).

Moreover, by choosing low AR model, the restriction of experiment device is minimized and the results obtained

are optimum.

2. Experiment: Set-up and Methodology

2.1 Experiment set-up

The experiments were conducted in a free-upper-surface water tank with a 600mm wide x 2000mm length x

600mm height.

Figure 2.1: Experiment set-up.

A motion system, which is attached on the wall of towing tank, consists of two parts: translation system and

rotation system. Translation system is driven by a 3 phases AC motor and Toshiba inverter VF-S11. The rotation

system is controlled using radio control servo which helps the flapping wing changes its pitch angle continuously.

The wing, which is an acrylic rectangular flat plate and attached one end to a carriage of motion system, was

mounted vertically. The wing has its chord-length of 2cm, span-wise length 68cm and thickness 0.4cm.

In addition, there are other experimental parameters such as flapping wing motions (mode 1 and 2). The detailed

of these motions are described in Figure. 2.2. The experiments were conducted at a Strouhal number of 0.08 and

Reynolds number of 111. These numbers are selected based on the fact that they are in the range of numbers which

insects and birds normally use in natural flights.



103-3

Figure 2.2: Diagram of flapping wing motions Mode 1(A) and Mode 2 (B)

2.2 Methodology

The experimental method which was used to study the flows is a measurement technique called Digital Image

Particle Velocimetry or DPIV. The flapping wing used is a rectangular-flat-plate which is reliable because in

flapping flight, flapping kinematics is way more important than wing’s geometry itself.

During the experiment, the flow is visualized by seeding the fluid with small tracer particles which follow the

instantaneous changes in the flow. The region within the flow to be investigated is illuminated, by a sheet of light.

The light-sheet is generated by an expanding laser beam by means of a cylindrical lens. The instantaneous flow is

recorded at least twice by very short light flashes with a separation time t in between that is known. Analysis these

tracer particles results in local particle displacements. As the separation time between the recordings is known, each

velocity vectors is obtained by dividing the displacement d by t as the formula:

dv

t

(2.1)

Once velocity field is obtained based on eq.(1.1), the vorticity field can be calculated as follow:

u (2.2)

This work concerns with the measurement of one of vorticity component, denoted by z and which is pointing

along the span of the flapping wing (see Figure. 2.1), i.e.

z

v u

X Y

(2.3)

3. Flow field and analysis

In the following section, the measured flow fields of translation motion and flapping motions (both mode 1 and

mode 2) are presented. In the following plots, please note that the camera which is used to capture picture moved

along with the model, there is no relative movements between the wing and frame of those pictures.

3.1 Linear translation motion

In this motion, only one half-stroke was investigated. The motion was divided into four regimes: acceleration,

constant velocity, deceleration, and at rest (after the wing stopped moving). In the following plots, the model moves

from the top to the bottom of every frame.

Figure 3.1. Vorticity field of linear motion of the wing

in acceleration regime

When the wing started moving, it sets the fluid surrounding in motion, and leads to the formation of leading edge

vortices at both ends of the wing as shown in Figure 3.1. Those vortices were formed due to the flow separation at

t/T = 0.25 t/T = 0.14

Leading edge vortices

t/T =0.42



103-4

the edge of the model which was moving at a high angle of attack ( 90

). The mass of the accelerated fluid

(added mass) may produce considerable inertial forces which act on the wing. These forces act in the opposite

direction of motion, conventionally called drag, but in this case, it plays a role of lift. The phenomenon is confirmed

by the increasing of the size and strength of both vortices at both edge of the wing as the wing accelerates.

Figure 3.2. Vorticity field of linear motion of the wing in constant velocity regime

After t/T = 0.42, the wing finished its acceleration regime and moved constantly. At the end of the first regime,

the vortices were already saturated. Thus, in this regime (as shown in Figure 3.2), the vortices are diffused by the

action of viscosity and their sizes grow slowly and being prolonged, therefore circulation and thus forces in this

regime can be maintained. As a result, cores of those vortices were moving far away from the model.

Figure 3.3. Vorticity field of linear motion of the wing in deceleration and resting regime.

At t/T = 0.72 the backward flow caused by inertial forces of accelerated surrounding fluid hit to the model and

two other brand new vortices were formed on model’s upper surface (displayed in Figure 3-3). Those new vortices

kept increasing in both sizes and strengths while cores of old vortices got closer to the wing. This phenomenon is

termed “wake-capture”. The observation shows that the new vortices have similarities in their strength with starting

vortices at the acceleration regime. This indicates that the added mass and wake-capture mechanism have the same

effect on force production as mentioned above. Furthermore, it is obvious that there is no energy used by the wing at

this resting regime. However, the wing still can generate vorticity and therefore lift by extracting kinetics energy

from the former vortices in order to form new ones.

3.2 Flapping translation motions

While linear translation is the motion in which wings translate linearly, flapping translation refers to a wing which

translates and rotates around the central axis. Therefore, flapping translation is a combination of translation and

rotation. All flow fields were measured during two half-strokes in succession. The first half-stroke is when the

model started moving from the rest, accelerated, decelerated, and stopped. The second half-stroke is actually the

reverse motion of the first one and passed the same process.

3.2.1 Flapping translation motion mode 1

t/T =0.98

t/T =0.42 t/T =0.58

t/T =0.84

Brand new LEVs

t/T =0.72



103-5

Figure 3.4. Vorticity field of flapping translation mode 1 in the first half-stroke

In the following plots, the direction of the wing motion is from the bottom to the top of every frame. The wing

starts impulsively from the rest at a constant angle of attack of 450. As depicted in Figure 3.4, two vortices are

generated at both edges. These vortices are the leading edge vortices (LEV), which is displayed in red color, and the

trailing edge vortex (TEV), which is displayed in blue color. Because the wing was inclined in this case, those

starting vortices were not symmetric and developing at different rates. The TEV formed and shed earlier than the

LEV. In addition, the shedding of the TEV effects the development of LEV. The shed vortex eventually rolled up in

the form of a starting vortex. On the other hand, LEV was continuously fed by the oncoming flow thus kept growing

in size and its vorticity also strengthened. At t/T = 0.219, the size of the LEV is as large as the chord length of the

wing, LEV covers all the upper surface of the wing and started pinching-off. The pinch-off process leads to the

reduction of vorticity as displayed in the figure.

Figure 3.5. Inter-vortex stream and isolated LEV

At the end of the first half-stroke, the wing delayed for a while before it started rotating. This delay period caused

an interesting phenomenon, as shown in Figure3.5. When LEV was already shed, the strength of the vortex is at its

maximum value. As the wing stopped, the flow starts to move backward and develops the so-called “inter-vortex

stream”. The inter-vortex stream caused the separation of the LEV from the wing. Therefore, LEV became

independent as an isolated vortex. “Inter-vortex stream” is a flow stream between two vortices which have opposite

directions. This inter-vortex stream induces a strong velocity field, the magnitude and orientation of which are

governed by strength and position of the two vortices. It is clear that as the model stopped moving, the flow around

the leading edge is no longer accelerated and its kinetic energy diminishes. Meanwhile, the “inter-vortex stream”

was enhanced by not only inertial forces but also from the kinetic energy coming from the two opposite-direction

vortices. Therefore, it is understandable that the inter-vortex stream headed up and separated LEV from the model.

t/T = 0.36 t/T = 0.219 t/T = 0.143

t/T = 0.425

t/T = 0.01

TEV

LEV



103-6

Figure 3.6. Rotation period of flapping translation mode 1

The rotation period begins at t/T = 0.33 and rotation direction is in counter-clockwise about span-wise mid-chord

axis of the wing. As mentioned above, at the end of the first half-stroke, LEV is isolated and directed toward the

wing. The flow fields around the wing during this period are depicted in Figure 3.6. As shown in the Figure, the

rotation direction of the wing and the vortex are the same. Thus LEV actually helps the wing to perform the rotation.

Moreover, kinetic energy of the inter-vortex stream and the isolated vortex (formerly LEV) obtained from the

accelerated fluid around the wing was used by the wing to form new starting vortices at both ends of the wing.

Interestingly, those new starting vortices were much stronger than those in the first half-stroke. The brand new

starting vortices kept increasing in their strengths and reached their maximum when the wing was at an angle of

attack of 90 degrees (both LEV and TEV have same strength). After that, the strength of the vortices is reduced.

However, we are not sure about lift because the sole vortex caused a low pressure region under the wing. During

this rotating regime, the lifting force generated by the wing may have been reduced.

Figure 3.7. the “blue vortex” and counter- clockwise vortex bounded the wing at the end of rotation period.

At the end of this period, another interesting phenomenon is observed and is display in the Figure.3.7. The wing

continued to rotate so angle of attack reaches a higher value. The leading edge sweeps through the fluid and

develops a low pressure region. Therefore, fluid has a tendency to flow toward to this region and generates a fast-

developing vortex (clockwise direction vortex – displayed as blue vortex in Figure 3.7). The “blue vortex” shed

right after the wing finish the rotating regime. This observation can be explained by considering the fact that the

kinetic energy fed to the wing was on a large scale due to the fast rotation motion. Interestingly, the “blue vortex”

and the “red vortex” (before rotating, formerly LEV, refer to Figure.3.5) are seen to have almost the same strength.

Hence, rotating the wing “brought” the sole vortex from the lower surface to its upper surface. And this process

obviously facilitates in generating more lift for the wing. A positive vortex (in counter-clockwise as displayed in

red) is also formed and bound to the wing. The bound circulation of the wing increases while the blue vortex shed.

During second half-stroke, there was no phenomena differ from the first second half-stroke except for

development of vortices at both ends. As observed in this experiment, those two vortices were growing at different

rates. In detail, the TEV at first was much stronger than LEV; however LEV was growing faster and caught –up

TEV after a while.

3.2.2 Flapping translation motion mode 2

t/T = 0.740 t/T = 0.658 t/T = 0.550 t/T = 0.644

t/T = 0.745



103-7

In the following pictures, the direction of the wing motion is from the top to the bottom of every frame. It is more

convenient to describe the first half-stroke and delay period of the wing in combination. Figure 3.8 displays the

vorticity field of the flow around the wing in this regime. Similar to the motion mode 1, when the wing started

moving from the rest, two vortices are generated at the wing’s both ends. The strength of these vortices’ was quite

strong because of the added mass as explained previously. However, in this motion, those vortices were not growing

at the same rate. The reason is the wing rotated while it was translating.

Figure 3.8. Vorticity field of flow around the wing in the first half-stroke of the flapping translation mode 2.

Since the wing’s rotation direction was the same as translation at the trailing edge, the TEV (blue) was stronger

than one in the LEV. Because the TEV was fed at high rate, it is quickly shed. The shedding of the TEV follows by

the growing of the LEV. The starting vortices reached their maximum when the angle of attack of the wing is at

approximately 800 degrees ( t/T = 0.15s ). After that, LEV (red) pinched off and its vorticity is being diffused.

The second part of the motion had a very short period of deceleration but the delay period was a little bit longer.

The strength of the vortex increases as the wing decelerates and stops. Once more, an inter-vortex stream was

observed and its existence was the reason for the increase in vorticity. During delay period, two brand new vortices

are formed. This is an interesting phenomenon because by this time the wing was already stopped moving

(consumed energy for the wing is zero). The formation of the two vortices is solely due to the inter-votex stream.

Interestingly, the new starting vortices were stronger than those formed during the first half-stroke. This may be due

to the extraction of energy from shed vortices in the previous half-stroke. In the reversal half-stroke, the wing

extracts energy from shed vortices and generates new starting vortices. By doing this, the wing gets more productive

usage of its energy.

Figure 3.9. Vorticity field of flow around the wing in the second half-stroke of the flapping translation mode 2.

The observation of flow field during the second half-stroke does not bring any new physical phenomena except

for a remarkable increase of vorticity. As displayed in the Figure 3.9, the reversal half-stroke started at t/T = 0.535.

As mentioned above, starting vortices of this regime is higher than those in the prior half-stroke. Therefore, the

mean vorticity for the whole regime is consequently higher. This is an indication of higher force production during

the second half-stroke. Starting vortices in this regime are also developing at different rates. At first, the TEV was

stronger than the LEV. However, the LEV had a larger growth rate and, thus, the LEV catch-up with TEV after a

while and then develops faster. The LEV was shed at the angle of attack of 900, which is higher than in the first half-

stroke. The longer the LEV attaches to the wing, the higher lift is produced. Hence, it can be conclude that during

t/T = 0.887 t/T = 0.729

t/T = 0.225 t/T = 0.109 t/T = 0.01

TEV

LEV

t/T = 0.06

t/T = 0.518 t/T = 0.610



103-8

the second half-stroke there is more force being generated and, as a result, the kinetic energy was being used more

effectively.

4. Conclusions

4.1 Linear Translation motion

LEVs have an important role in producing force.

Some force enhancement mechanisms is observed and confirmed such as: added mass, wake-capture.

Mean force production is quite high in comparison with the others two flapping motions because angle of

attack is higher in this motion.

4.2 Linear Translation motion

Various force enhancement mechanisms including LEV, fast pitch-up, and wake-capture have been

discussed and demonstrated in both flow field and force production.

Flow feature and total force production extremely depend on flapping kinematics.

Flapping motions in which translation and rotation happen in separate time seems to produce higher force

during the first half-stroke. Force production is distributed quite equally during the whole stroke.

Flapping motions in which translation and rotation happen coincidently produce increasing force during the

whole stroke. This type of motion use effectively almost all force enhancement mechanisms in order to

produce more force for the same given energy.

In fact, the flapping motion mode 2 is used in natural flight because the motion provides more stable force

meanwhile mode 1 provides a fluctuating force.

5. Acknowledgement

The authors would like to gratefully thank AUN/SEED-Net, JICA for supporting the current research works.

6. References

[1] Dickinson, M. H., Lehmann, F.-O., and Sane, S. P. (1999). Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect

flight, Science 284, 1954–60.

[2] Ellington, C. P. (1984). The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305, 1-181.

[3] Ellington, C. P., Van den Berg, C., Willmott, A. P., and Thomas, A. L. R. (1996). Leading-edge vortices in

insect flight, Nature (London) 384, 626–30.

[4] Fritz-Olaf Lehmann (2004). The mechanisms of lift enhancement in insect flight, Springer-Verlag.

[5] Flavio Noca (1997). On the evaluation of time-dependent fluid-dynamic forces on bluff bodies, PhD thesis,

California Institute of Technology.

[6] K.D. von Ellenrieder et al. (2008), Fluid mechanics of flapping wings, Exp. Therm. FluidSci. (2008),

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.05.003

[7] M. Raffel, C. Willert, J. Kompenhans (1998). Particle Image Velocimetry, A practical Guide, 3rd edition,

Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

[8] Matthew James Ringuette (2004). Vortex formation and drag on low aspect ratio, normal flat plate, PhD Thesis,

California Institute of Technology

[9] Michael H. Dickinson et al. (1999), Flight Wing Rotation and the Aerodynamic Basis of Insect, DOI:

10.1126/science.284.5422.1954 , 1954 (1999); 284 Science.

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