Steven Shafer Agricultural GHG mitigation Nov 2015
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Transcript of Steven Shafer Agricultural GHG mitigation Nov 2015
Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Steven Shafer Associate Administrator for National Programs
Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture
November 2, 2015
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
Proposed N2O Mitigation Strategies • Improve NUE = nitrogen use
efficiency (e.g. US corn NUE*, 1995-1999: 37%)
• Source, Rate, Placement, Timing • N process inhibitors (nitrification, urease)
• Cover crops • Crop selection •Improved irrigation management (timing, application rate, method)
• Reduced tillage • Biochar • Crop breeding
*REN = (crop N uptake in fertilized plot – crop N uptake in unfertilized plot)/ (fertilizer N applied in fertilized plot)
Michel Cavigelli, USDA-ARS-BARC
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
DietaryManagementtoDecreaseMethaneEmissionsfromBeefFeedlots
Increasedgraininthedietdecreasesmethaneproducedintherumen(duetoincreasedacidityintherumenandincreasedpropionate).Steamflaked-orhigh-moisturecorndecreasesentericmethaneproduc:onbyabout20%comparedtofeedingdry-rolledcorn-basedhigh-concentratefinishingdiets(duetomoreefficientdiges:onofstarchintherumenandlessstarchinfeces).Entericmethaneproduc:ondecreasedabout4to6%foreach1%ofsupplementaladdedfat.Becauseofadverseeffectsoffatonruminalfermenta:on,supplementalfatlevelsareusuallylimitedto3or4%ofdietarydrymaLer.Dis:ller’sgrainsareonesourceoffat.Feedinggrassesoralfalfaassilage(highmoisture),ratherthanasdryhayinhighforagediets,willdecreaseentericmethaneemissions.Inhighforagediets,decreasingthepar:clesizeoftheforagewilldecreaseentericmethanelossesby5to20%.
Compiledfrom:www.ars.usda.gov/research/programs/programs.htm?np_code=212&docid=22546
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/mitigation_technologies/GHGMitigationProduction_Cost.htm
Date: 11/13/15
Global Research Alliance on agricultural greenhouse gases
:
LaunchedinDecember2009Bringscountriestogethertofindwaystogrowmorefoodwithoutgrowinggreenhousegasemissions(i.e.,emissionsintensitygoal):• Improveunderstanding,measurement&esHmaHonof
agriculturalemissions• Findwaystoreduceemissionsintensityofagricultural
producHonsystemsandincreasepotenHalforsoilcarbonsequestraHon,whileenhancingfoodsecurity
• ImprovefarmeraccesstoagriculturalmiHgaHontechnologies&bestpracHces
• MembershipisvoluntarywithnofundingobligaHonsEnableacHviHesthatwouldnothavehappenedwithouttheGRA
The Global Research Alliance (GRA)
Countries are members • 46membercountries:
Korea Lithuania Malaysia Mexico Nicaragua Netherlands New Zealand Norway Panama Paraguay Peru
Ecuador Egypt Finland France Germany Ghana Honduras Indonesia Italy Ireland Japan
Philippines Poland Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vietnam
Argentina Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Denmark Dominican
Republic
Partner Organizations • InternaHonalPartnersoftheGRA:• AfricanDevelopmentBank• ConsultaHveGrouponInternaHonalAgriculturalResearch
• FoodandAgricultureOrganizaHon• Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank• Inter-AmericanInsHtuteforCooperaHononAgriculture
• TropicalAgriculturalResearchandHigherEducaHonCentre(CATIE)
• WorldBank• WorldFarmers’OrganisaHon
Research Groups
Soi
l Car
bon
and
Nitr
ogen
Cyc
ling
Cross-cutting Groups In
vent
orie
s an
d M
onito
ring
Paddy Rice Research Group
Livestock Research Group
Croplands Research Group
MAGGnet Metadata Entry Template
Worksheet Tabs
• Experiment descrip;on • Experiment loca;on • Experiment dura;on • Climate a>ributes • Soil and drainage
a>ributes • Data type • Treatments • Key Findings • Journal cita;ons • Primary contact
GOAL: 15 min per site
• General
Instruc;ons • Color coded
worksheets • Frequent use of
drop-down menus
Review Update Future
http://globalresearchalliance.org/research/croplands/
Ø 20 countries Ø 315
experiments Ø 8 experiments
in Brazil
• 14 unique climate subdivisions
• 11 surface soil textures
Experimental Sites Summarized
Status • 233 completed • 82 ongoing
Dura;on • 214 short-term (<1-3 yr) • 54 mid-term (>3-10 yr) • 47 long-term (>10 yr)
Common Treatments
• Fer;lizer rate (68) • Manure/Amendments
(52) • Tillage type (43)
Review Update Future
Soil/GHG/Plant
parameter
Projects measuring parameter
(%)
Soil carbon 83
N2O flux 82
CO2 flux 45
CH4 flux 29
Grain 56
Stover 35
Roots 9
http://globalresearchalliance.org/research/croplands/