'l'lU.:

STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK

·\ STATISTICAL, GENEAL001CAL, AND lliSTOIUGAI

ACCOUNT OF TilE STATES AND SOVEflEIGNS

OF TIJE CIVILISED \\'OHLD

POll 1'HE YEAR

1864

BY I•'REDERICK :\IA!t'l'l N

;;onbon illll:l ([mnbrillgt

l\IAClllii,LAN. AND CO.

lSG-1-

TJ, , J:i:tlfl of Trw ulutio1f (lllcl CrJ,roc/t(c/irm 1~ rturt t(l

1\Ian S:l[;t oft: Zahlcu rc'gt('£CD uic w rlt. l>,LS aJ.;er ht gewis~. Za!Jlcn zcigcn u·ic >ie rcgiert wiru.

Go~:nu;

LO~OOS

rKl:(tJ:.!) D\"' !>rOTI 15WOO».r; J.~D CO

!>rOTI 15WOO».r;

ISBN 978-0-230-25293-6 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9780230252936

PREFACE.

Tm: Stolesmcm's rcm·-noo]; is inte:nde:d to Sllpply a. want in Englil;h literature--a 'r:mt noticed anu commented upon more than fificen years ago by the btc Sir Robert Peel. All rc..1.ucrs of newspapers, in ether words, all cduc..'ltcd men of the present day, must haYe frequently felt the need of a book of reference giving an account, so to spe.1.k a portrait, of countries nnu states, in the same manner as a good biographical dictionary '\"ould give a sketch of individnnh. In modern political life, nlatcs nrc mentioned nnd treated very much like individuals. 'France,' 'Italy,' 'Ru!'Sia,' 'Austria,' nnu CYCll 'Germany,' :nc const:mtlyrefcrrcd to as lidng entities, posses~a of a certain amount of force, strength, and volition, the qunlity :md quantity of which is supposed to be generally J.;nown. But men most accustomed to deal in these matters, to 'trite and speak on politic..'ll subjects, or, mny be, to take a share in the government of nations, arc well :marc that the subject is fhr from being generally known, and, in fitct, if not involved in absolute obscurity, is nt lc.:tst cnvironcd with a large amount of complexity. The great ntatcsman before mentioned frankly confc!'Scd it by saying th:tt lie often felt the want of n. hand-book presenting, inn comp:tct sliap<:', a picture of the :tctual condition, politic..'ll nnu rocial, of the Ynrions state!~ of the civilised world. A first attempt to supply this want is now made in the publication of the Statesman's !"ear-Boo!.:.

The work contains n !'ull nccount of all the states of Europe, nnd tlw principal states of Asia, America, and Austr:tlasia, considered under their polit ic.'\], social, and commercial aspcctR. Each indi­vidual state is dc.~crihcd in the following pnrticulnrf', beginning at

n l'llF.F.\CE.

the apex and rn<ling at the base of the variou~ forms of constituted ~ociety.

1. 'llei[plinfJ Sot·crci[Jn aml Famii!J,' in the C.1SC of all states voith monarchical institutions. The fhcts under this !tending nrc arrangecl in snch a manucr that the dyuabtical relations, which play so impor­tant a part in the modern history of Europe, may be seen at n glnncc, allowing e;~sy reference respecting questions of succession and fhmily alliance. Tho gcncalogic.1l particulars ;~rc made more complete by notice.'! of the origin anu history of the reigning house;~, including lists of the successive sovereigns, the fhmily fortune, actual income of the head of the state, and other matters ofintcrcst.

2. ' Constitution and Government' forms a division under which a succinct sketch is given of the constitutional organisation of tlH~ different states, and the prescribed action of the lrgisbtive anu c:,.ccutivc authorities. For eycry state a list is gi,·cn, in most c.1scs with biographic.1l particulars, of tho chief officers in the c."ccutivc departments, including tlH: presidents nnd vice-presidents of re­publics. The most important features of representative forms of government arc also fully e:..plniued.

3. ' Church and Education 1 is treated briefly, in the more im­portant states, under its social aspect, and as u. constituent p:lrt of the political power of nations.

1. 'Ret·etwc and Expenditure 1 is fully given, as one of the most important features of the life of states. The increase or dccrc.1sc of the national income and c.'l:penditure, under given conditions and at various periods, is C:<\l1ibited in all cases, together with the SO\U'CC.'l

of rcvcnuo and the obj~~ts for wl1ich they arc applied. The origin, growth, and actual state of the public debt of the various countries forms a necessary appendage of tliC financial picture.

5. 'Arm.1J and jYav!J' is tl1c heading under which a full acconnt is presented of the aggressive and defensive powers of the grrat states of Europe, .Americ.1, and Asia. 'l'he constitution, strength, aml mode of formation of the armies and navie5 of the worhl is given in the most important details, with many other facts bearing upon the subject.

G. 'Population ' is trc.1tcd as the foundation of st.1tes ; not, how-

rREFACE. >ii

eYer, from a mere view of numerical strength, but in alt its moral, social, and political bearings. Under this heading, therefore, nrc included notices rcgarJing the increase of population, the division of the soil, the occupations of the people, criminal return:;, and simil:lr matters of general interest.

7. '1'mde and Commerce,' the chief m:mifcstation of the healthy life of nations, is gone into as fully as any other of the above sub­jects. Detailed accounts arc fttrnisl~ed of the imports and exports, and the shipping, of all the states of theworltl, with partieularrcgnrd to the commerce of this country. The mnouf;tcturing indnstry ol' the chief nations is giycn in it,; principal outline!!, together with the mineral we.:tlth in their possession. In all cases n comp:mtti\'C Yiew·, extending over a number of years, is pre>:entctl of the traclc :md commerce of the various nations.

'l'he Colonies of tl1c great 'Vest-European st.'ltcs arc included in the account of the mother-country; but the principal of the ,·ast dependencies and pos.sc£sions of Great Britain-that is, India, Canada, ami the Australasian colonies-arc treated separately, as political organisation3 with indiviclual interests.

It has been considered an object of paramount importnncc to give only facts, and cxcluclc opinions from ti1C Stalesmar~'s Year-Book. No form of government is criticised, or compnred, froDl n tlH~oretical point of view, with any other form of political organioation; and no judgment is attempted on any of the thousand fenturcs of activity by wl1ich the social life of nations manifests itself. 'rhc facts arc stated, not dry and bare, but with tl1c neecss..'lry elucidations; the judgment, however, is left to the rca.cler nnd the student of con­temporary history.

The great aim, kept in view throughout, l1as been to insure au absolute correctness of the In\utiplicity of (lets and figures given in the Statesman's Year-Boo/;. ~'or thii> purpose, none but ofllcial doclUnents 1Hlve been consulted in the first instance, and only where these failed, or were manifestly imperfect, recourse bas been l1all to authoritative books, and influential newspapers, mag:uin~s, nnd other reliable information. In all the latter c.1scs, the source is given, so as to furnish a mc.'\ns for verifying the :;t:ttcment, as well a.s to present a I:,'Uiclo for further investigations.

viii l'HEFACE.

It is intenrleu to pnbli~h the Sta!CS111aii'S rcar-JJool: rcgul:wly 011

the first of January of e\·ery ye:u·, m:~king it :1 complete depository of facts bearing upon tl1e politic..1.l and soci:\1 condition of the States of the civilised world, :md the ever-varying forms which exhibit either the progress or the declino of nations. The attempt to pro­duce such a work, complete in all respects, l1as, it is needless to say, its great difficulties, and it can be carried out only with the assist­ance of a large number of patrons and friends who nrc willing to give help, advice, and information. It seems n.n indisputable fhct that :\ book such as Sir Robert Peel im:~gined, and such as the Statesman's Year-Book aims to be, must fill n. want in our litern­ture, and it will be the earnest endcavoux of the conductor of the undertaking to fill it well.

F. ~L

CONTENTS.

PAr.T I.

'l' II E STATES 0 F E U n 0 r E.

l').CE I 1'.\Cl: AUSTniA:- FRA.~.\CE:-

Hc:igning Sonrcign <1nd Family . . • •

Constitution and Oorcrn-mcnt, • • •

Church and Educ.~tion Rercnuo and Expenditure . Artny <1nd Nary Population • . Tr:U!e and Commerce.

DEI,OliDI:-Rcigning Sorcrt-ign :ltl(t

Family. . . • Constitution and Gol·l'm· m~nt . • ·

Church and Educatbn . I!c"~"enuc and fuprn\litqre • Army nnd Nary . . Population . • • Tr-.1dc nnd Commerce

DE:-o'}IARK:-Rc:igning Sorcrcign and

1':nnily • . • Constitution :li!d Gor<'m•

tnent • • . Church nnd Education . Rc,·enuc nnd E:rpt'nditurc • Anny nnd Nary • • Population . Tr.1dc nnd Commerce. Colonil's

4 7 8

12 1! 18

22

23 26 28 2!:1 30 32

36

3j ~0 {0 41 -t2 {5 {!)

Hcigning Sorcrcigu :md 1-amily. • • • /j()

Con~titution nud Gorem· mcnt • . li2

Church nnd B!ucation • 67 Rcrenuc and :E.-.:pcnditurc • 69 Army GG Na,·y • G(J Popu!ntion • . i-! Tmde nm\ Commerce. 79 Colonies . SG

OER)!ANY:-Constitueioo !JO Anny 92 Popul;~tion . . . !H Trade and Commerc.~. 9;)

STATES OF TI!E GEIDfAX CoX· FEDI:O!.nO:. :-

Da;aria 98 S:~..-.:ony 107 IJnno"l'rr 113 Wurtcmberg 121 Dadcn • 1'29 II essP·Ca5~d • • 134 llcss~·D,mn~tadt . . 13!l Jfolstl'in and L:mcnburg • 143 Lu..-.:rml.mrg ancl Lint burg . 1-15 S:t.xc-Wcimnr . 146 S:tXl'·~Trin ingr. n 1-10

4

X CO~TE:'\T$.

r.\0~

Suns.or TIIC Gcm.u~ Cox-k"tOtiiA TIO:\ -<'011ti11UCd.

S:n::c-Allcnburg . . 1{11 S:n:o-Col.mrg-Gotha • I/i3 llrllll, wick. , . lSG ~ns;au . • . ISs J'.Iccklcnburg-&hr.crin IG I llrccklcnburg-Strclitz. IGt Oldenburg. IGG Anhalt . . • I69 ~hwanburg - 5->nucr~h:m-

scn . • . • 1il ~lnrnrzburg-Hmlolstadt 172 Lichtenstein • I i3 W aldeck • 115 Rcuss-Grciz 177 Rcu;3-Schlciz . liS Scu:.umburg·Lippo 1i9 Lippc-Uctmold • • 18\ lte~~o-Homburg 182 Liitcck • • 183 1-'rlnkfort • 181 Drcmcn • 186 ll:\u1burg . • ISS

GHEAT DHITtUN nnd IRE­LAKD:-

Uci!;'ning Sot'crcign and .Family • • • 19~

Constitution nad Got'ern-mcut 196

Church nnd Education . 211 R C'I'CDUO nne} r~pcndi-

turo • • 21!) fUnny 227 Nary • . . 23ii l'opulation-

EoglaDd :~nd W:~lcs 211 Scotbncl 21G Ireland . . 248 I sbnds in tho llritW1 ~OS • . 2J2

Emigr.1tion . . . 2ii3 W l·:llth of the Po:>ah-

tion • . · 2ii.:; Commerce nnd '1'::-ndc-

Import! cr.d E:xports • 255 Shippin~ • • 261 Cotton 'l'rad~ . . 268 :!'Tines nnd :MinPrab 27 o

Colonies 27 3

l ... \ 0&

OREF.C}::-!lcigning Sot'Cr('ign . 2S3 Constitution nnu Got'CMl·

mcut • • • • 2SI Church nnll }'AhiMlion • 2S5 l!cn•nuo :mel Expenditure • 287 Army nnu Nn\-y 291 l'opubtion • • 291 Trauc and Commerce. • 293

ll'ALY:-Tidgni~P Sot crcigo ODd

F;IDll iJ • • • • 29G Constitution :lnd Got'~rn-

ment • • • • 298 Church :md F.duc.1tion , 29!l Rcnnuo :md E:tpcncliture • 30~ Army and Nnry • 307 Popul:lticn • • 309 Trude and Commcrco. • 312

r.u•J.L Suus:-Ticigning Sovereign . 322 Constitution auu Gotcrn-

ment • . . • 323 Eccl~siastic.'\l Adminhtra-

tion . • • • 3~7 nennue, Army, and :Popu-

lntioo • • • • 328 Trnclo :mu Commcroo . 329

XETJIERLANDS :-TI<"ignin.g Sot'erdgn and

}'amity . . • . 332 Constitution nnu Got'crn-

mcut • . • • 333 Church noel F.ducation • 33/.i Tie>cnuc oncl Expenditure • 33G Army and Nnry • • 310 Population . • 312 Tl-:1do nncl Commerco. • 3·13 Colonies • • 3/iO

ronTUGAL:-Ticisning So>ercign an<l

Family • • • • 31i3 Constitution :~nd Go•crn-m~t • • • • ~5

Church :wd Educ.1tion • 356 RO'I'CDUO nod fupcndituro . 357 Arm)' n.nd 1\:rry • • 3GO I'orulCltion . • 3GO Trauo and Connncrcc 36I Colonies . • 366

PRUSSIA:-Hcigning f.oTrrcign and

1-':unily . • . • ConHitution nml Go,·rrn-

ment • • . Church :md Etlucation n~\'CDU() tlD(l E:tpcuuiture • Army nnd N'nl'y • . I>opubtion . . T r.:uc aml Commerce .

IlUSSIA:-

COi\T.E:NTS.

1'.\0&

3G8

31l :li 6 37i 3SO 383 3SS

SWEDE!'(:-

Con~titution :md OoYctn· mcnt . . . .

Rr.n:::Juo :nl'! F--.pc·ndituro • Army nnd Nary • . Population • • Trado nod Co:nrucrco . Colony

Non'I'I'AY:-Con~titution nnt.l Go,·crn-

mcnt . . • Rc\"cnuc ~nd Expenditure . Army nnd Na•y • .

X l

1'.\0t:

159 ·IGi ·165 4.G7 4G9 4il

4~() I~

Rcignio;; So1·creign nnu }'amily • 3!>2 ropul.l lion . •

Trade nml Commerce.

4i3 47-1 47-i 4i G Constitution and GoTN'll·

mrut • • • Church nod Educ.~tion . ncwuuo nod Exprniliturc • Army • N:H·y . • • • l'opuhtion • . 'l'r'Jdc und Commerce.

Ft:n .. \.."D:-Constitution and Gon-m-

mcnt . Rc1·cnuc, An ny, nml Popn·

b tion . • . Tt-Jdo and Comm~rcc.

PoL.l...'\'D:-Con~titut ion nod GoTcru-

mcnt • • Rc'l"cnuc and ropub tion Tl'ado and Coomcrcc

SP.t\IN:-Rci~ni~g SoYcrdgn and

IamJly . . . . Con~t itution nnd Go'l"crn-

mcnt . . . Chutch and Education • R6\ 'CIIUO anu llipcudituro. Anny :10d Na'l"y . • Population . . Trade and Commcrcto. Co!o11irs

WEDEN and NORWAY:­

Rcigning So1wcign and

3!>1 399 402 406 411 Ht 4Hl

SWITZERLAND:­Con:;titutiou :u:d Gowrn-

rncnt . . . Church ant! Education • Rewnuc nnd E:~:pcnditure • Army • • • . Population • • Tt:1d~ an<l Commc~o

TUinffiY untl TRII\UTARY 424 I STATES:-

·125 4'26

-127 429 432

·136

437 41.0 H2 4H 447 -150 ·151

Rcij,'lling So'I"Cr~ign nnu F::mily. . • .

Constitution nnd Gowm-ment • • . .

Rr!igion and Education . Rcn?nuc ami Expcnditur<> • Army nnd Nary :Population . • TrJdo nnd Commerce

EaUT:-GoYernmcnt • llc~cnuc, Asmy, nnd ropu·

btion • • Tr.1dc n.ud Comm<rco .

Rollll~Xll :-GO'\('mlliC!It • llc~cnuc, Anny, nnd Popu·

htion • . . . Trade :1nd C~mmcrco.

SEilTI1 :-

1i9 180 ·tS l ·18;') 187 4S9

4!J2

493 4!J5 497 602 505 tHO

516

610 51G

520

b2(l :m

Gonrnmcnt • . • 623 llcnuuc, Asmy, nnd Popu·

Iation . . . . 524 l:':unily . . 45i Ttado and Commerce 1\2.)

:di COXTCXT$.

PAl:T II.

TII E PRINCIPAL STATES NOT IN EUJl.OPE.

1. A~rEIUCA.

ARGE~Tll:\E REPUDLIC : ­

Cons~itotion nnd Gorcrn·

I'ACC

m~nt • . . . 52D ltcn•nu<', A.tmy, nml Popu-

lation • . . . 530 Trade MU Comm!'rc~. 531

JJRAZIL:-Reigning so,·cr!'ign nml

:Fumily • 633 Constitution noll 00\·crn· m~nt • . • 533

Rcrcnuc nn<l Exrcnditurc • 535 Azmy and N:wy 537 Populntion . • 538 Tr.1dc and Commerce. 53!)

CA.o.'{ADA:-

Goo~titution am! Got<'rn· mcot . • • 542

Churclt no<\ rA\UC.'ltion • 5 13 H~rcnuo und :Expenditure . 515 Azmy . • 5·1D l'opulation • 5;i0 'J.'rado nnd Commerce 551

CHILI:-Constitution nnd GO'r<'tn · m~nt . . .

Rercuuc, Army, nnd l'opu· lation . . .

Tl-.1uc nod Comm!'rcc . CO~"FEDERATE STATES:­

Constitution nod Gon•::-n· mcut • .

R c,·cnuc und Expenditure • Army Popubtioo Trnd!' :IDd Commerce

:uEXICO:-Constitution • Rcn•nuc nnd Exp!'nditurc • Population. . . Trndc nnd Co!'llm<'rcc.

IDiiTED STAT.ES:­Constitution nod Go..-!'m·

m~nt . • . . Rcrcnu~ nnd Expcnditurr. . Army N:t'T· Popnbtion Tr.1dc uml Comm<'rco

J".\Gf:

S5!

555 55G

558 5G3 565 :i67 5GD

f>H 575 5iG 677

fJ7D 5S5 :itJO 6!).1 (j!).l

co.:;

2. ASIA.

CHINA:-Constitution :\Dd Gor<'rn-

m!'nt • 616 RcrPnuc • • GIG Azmy GIG }>orulnt illn . 6 1G 'l'rmlc and Commerce • Gl S

INDIA:-Con•titntion, Gor!'rnmcnL . G22 Rc,·~nllc and E:<pcndilltrc . 623 Popubtion • • • G'lG Tr.1do and Commerce G27

JAI'AN:-Con~titntion, GOI'('tnmtnt G30 Trade nn<l Comm!'rC<' Gl 3

CO:\TJ::NTS.

3. A USTltALASIA.

t•.\c:t:: NEW SOUTH WALES:-

Cot~>titution and Gonru· ment • . • 647

Rc\'cnu<' untl Population 647 Tr-.1dc ami Commerce 650

NEW ZEAI,AND :-Coustitution and Gon!ru-

m<'nt . . . . 653 Hcvcnuc :md Popuhtiou 653 Trade and Commerce 656

QUF-EXSLAND :­Con•titutiun and Govern-

ment . . 659 Hc,·cnuc :mtl Population 6.59 Tr.1dc and ColllOlcrcc 660

SOUTH AUSTRAI.IA:­Constitution and Go\'crn·

mcnt . . Rcwnuc and Popul:ltiou Tr-.1dc :mu Comm<'rcu

TAS~IANIA :-Constitutiou and Go\·crn·

mcnt . nc,·cnuc and E:"pcnditurc. Tr-.1dc and Commerce

VICTORIA:-Con~titutiou and Govern·

mcut . . • . Hc\'cnuc and llipcutliturc. l'oJmbtion . . . Tr-..1dc and Commerce

xiii

1'.\(;t;

6tl2 66:.1 GGG

67U 67o 672

67-1 Gi5 677 680