STAAD 4 TUTORIAL.docx

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Chapter- 5:

1. oading 1

2. oading 2

3. Wind oad !eneration

. Assigning Wind oads

Chapter- 5:

1. Anal/sis

2. 'oncrete Design

3. Ti,e istor/ Anal/sis

Chapter- 6:

1. Introduction to 4E"

2. Plate

3. Sur$ace

. "eshing

Chapter- : !Slabs"

1. Desgin #$ Slab

2. Design #$ #ne Wa/ Slab

3. Design #$ T5o Wa/ Slab

. Design #$ Staircase

(. Design o$ +ridge using STAAD .+ea6a

Chapter- 8: !#ri$%e De&' Prepr(&ess(r )(r'e$ *+a,ple"

1. +ridge Dec7 Pre&rocessing sing STAAD.+ea6a

Chapter- : !Steel"

1. Design #$ Steel Structures

http://civilsoftwares.com/loading/

http://civilsoftwares.com/loading-2/

http://civilsoftwares.com/wind-load-generation/

http://civilsoftwares.com/assigning-wind-load/

http://civilsoftwares.com/analysis/

http://civilsoftwares.com/concrete-design/

http://civilsoftwares.com/time-history-analysis/

http://civilsoftwares.com/introduction-fem/

http://civilsoftwares.com/plate/

http://civilsoftwares.com/surface-2/

http://civilsoftwares.com/meshing/

http://civilsoftwares.com/slab-design-2/

http://civilsoftwares.com/slab-design/

http://civilsoftwares.com/design-slab/

http://civilsoftwares.com/design-staircase/

http://civilsoftwares.com/staad-beava/

http://civilsoftwares.com/bridge-deck-preprocessor-staad-beava/

http://civilsoftwares.com/design-steel-structures-3/





















2. "e,ber S&ecication

Table "e,ber Pro&ert/

Chapter- 1.: !Seis,i& /(a$s )(r'e$ *+a,ples"

1. 'alculate )atural 4re9uenc/ o$ a +uilding +/ %es&onse S&ectru, Anal/sis

2. 'alculate )atural 4re9uenc/ o$ a +uilding +/ %a/leigh "ethod

3. 'alculate )atural 4re9uenc/ o$ a +uilding +/ "odal Sha&e

Chapter- 11: !)i0$ /(a$ 0te0sity )(r'e$ *+a,ples"

'alculate Wind oad Intensit/ In a +uilding

Chapter- 1:

1. Introduction To Structural Engineering

2. What is a Structure?

3. About STAAD.Pro V8i

. !etting Started

1 0tr($u&ti(0 t( Stru&tural *0%i0eeri0%

Structural Engineering is a eld o$ ci6il engineering dealing 5ith anal/sis and design o$structures that su&&ort or resist loads. Structural engineering is usuall/ considered a

s&ecialit/ 5ithin ci6il engineering: but it can also be studied inits o5n right. Structural

engineering are ,ost co,,onl/ in6ol6ed in the design o$ buildings and large non;building

structures but the/ can also be in6ol6ed in the design o$ buildings and large non;building

structures but the/ can also be in6ol6ed in the design o$ ,achiner/: ,edical e9ui&,ent:

6ehicles or an/ ite, 5here structural integrit/ a0ects the ite,<s $unction or sa$et/.

Structural engineers ,ust ensure their design satis$/ gi6en design criteria: &redicated on

sa$et/ or ser6iceabilit/ and &er$or,ance. +uildings are ,ade to endure ,assi6e loads as

5ell as changing cli,ate and natural disasters.

Structural engineers are res&onsible $or engineering design and anal/sis. Entr/;le6el

structural engineers ,a/ design the indi6idual structural ele,ents o$ a structure: $or

e=a,&le the bea,s: colu,ns and >oor o$ the building. "ore e=&erienced engineers 5ould

be res&onsible $or the structural design and integrit/ o$ an entire s/ste,: such as building.

Structural engineering de&ends u&on a detailed 7no5ledge o$ loads. To a&&l/ the 7no5ledge

success$ull/ a structural engineer 5ill need a detailed 7no5ledge o$ ,athe,atics and o$

http://civilsoftwares.com/member-specification/

http://civilsoftwares.com/table-member-property/

http://civilsoftwares.com/response-spectrum-analysis/

http://civilsoftwares.com/calculate-natural-frequency-rayleigh-method/

http://civilsoftwares.com/calculate-natural-frequency-building-modal-shape/

http://civilsoftwares.com/wind-load-intensity-calculation/

http://civilsoftwares.com/introduction-structural-engineering/

http://civilsoftwares.com/structure/

http://civilsoftwares.com/staad-pro-v8i/

http://civilsoftwares.com/started/






http://civilsoftwares.com/wind-load-intensity-calculation/

http://civilsoftwares.com/introduction-structural-engineering/

http://civilsoftwares.com/structure/

http://civilsoftwares.com/staad-pro-v8i/

http://civilsoftwares.com/started/



rele6ant e,&irical and theoretical design

codes.

2)hat is a Stru&ture

A Structure can be dened as an interrelated or inde&endent &arts $or,ing a ,ore co,&le=:unied 5hole and ser6ing a co,,on &ur&ose. 4or instance: a building can be dened as astructural s/ste, designed and constructed to su&&ort and trans,it a&&lied lateral andgra6it/ loads sa$el/ to the ground 5ithout e=ceeding the allo5able stresses in its ,e,bers. The su&er structure is the 6ertical e=tension o$ the building abo6e the $oundation. 'olu,ns:bea,s and load bearing 5all su&&ort >oors and roo$ structures. The substructure is the

underl/ing structure $or,ing the $oundation o$ the building.

T/&es o$ Structures

1. S&ace Structure

• Suitable $or an/ arrange,ent o$ ,odel geo,etr/ and loading.

• Allo5s three di,ensional Structures.

• Allo5s loading in an/ direction.

• Allo5s de$or,ations in all three global a=es.

• 'oordinate s/ste, trac7s right hand rule.

2. Plane Structure

• Suitable onl/ $or t5o di,ensional ,odes in = / &lane 5ith no loading or distortionsu&right to this &lane.



• All loads and distortions are in the &lane o$ the structure.

3. Truss Structure

• Allo5s loading in an/ direction: but ,e,bers onl/ deli6er a=ial resistance. "e,bersdis,iss resist bending or shear loads.

• Allo5s three di,ensional structures.

• Allo5s distortions in all three global directions.

• 'oordinate s/ste, trac7s right hand rule.

. 4loor Structure

• Suitable $or t5o di,ensional ,odels in = - &lane 5ith loading and distortions&er&endicular to this &lane.

• All loads and distortions are corres&onding to the global / a=is.

3 Ab(ut STAADPr( V8i

STAAD.Pro V8i is the leading Structural Anal/sis and Design So$t5are $ro, +entle/. The

etter @i stands $or intuti6e: interacti6e: incredible and intero&erable. STAAD.Pro is the

&ro$essional<s choice $or steel: concrete: ti,ber: alu,iniu, and cold $or,ed steel design o$

6irtuall/ an/ structures including cul6erts: &ertroche,ical &lants: tunnels: bridges: &iles and

,uch ,ore. +entle/ sounds V8i is the ,ost co,&lete and note5orth/ release in its histor/:

5hich too7 a total in6est,ent o$ o6er a billion dollars and e=tents across the 6ast arra/

disci&lines 5ith $unda,ental subBect and assign,ent endures to be Sustaining

In$rastructure.

STAAD.Pro is a o6erall resolution &rogra, $or e=ecution o$ anal/sis and design o$ a e=tensi6e

6ariation o$ t/&es o$ structures. The si,&le three acti6ities 5hich are to be carried out to

acco,&lish that goal a" ,odel generation:



b" the calculations to obtain the anal/tical results and

&" result 6erication are all si,&lied b/ tools enclosed in the &rogra,<s gra&hical

en6iron,ent.

This guideboo7 co,&rises three sa,&le tutorials 5hich guide the user to e=ecute those

3 acti6ities.

1. !ra&hical ,odel generation ser6ices as 5ell as te=t editor based co,,ands $or

generating the calculated ,odel. +ea, and colu,n ,e,bers are characteri-ed using lines.

Walls: slabs and &anel t/&e obBects are characteri-ed b/ ,eans o$ triangular and

9uadrilateral nite ele,ents. Solid bloc7s are characteri-ed b/ ,eans o$ bric7 ele,ents.

These $unctions allo5 the user to generate the geo,etr/: assign &ro&erties: orient cross

sections as 5anted: assign ,aterials li7e steel: concrete: ti,ber: alu,iniu,:

s&eci$/ su&&orts: a&&l/ loads ob6iousl/ as 5ell as ha6e the &rogra, &roduce loads: design

&ara,eters etc.

2. Anal/sis engines $or e=ecuting linear elastic and & delta anal/sis: nite ele,ent anal/sis:regularit/ in e=traction: and res&onse s&ectru, anal/sis C ti,e histor/ anal/sis.

3. Design engines $or code ins&ection and o&ti,i-ation o$ steel: alu,iniu, and ti,ber

,e,bers. %ein$orce,ent designs $or concrete bea,s: colu,ns: slabs and shear 5alls.

Design o$ shear and ,o,ent ac9uaintances $or steel ,e,bers.

. %esult ins&ecting: result conr,ation and re&ort &re&aration tools $or Ins&ecting

dis&lace,ent diagra,s: bending ,o,ent and shear $orce diagra,s: bea,: &late and solid

stress contours: etc.

(. E=terior tools $or actions li7e i,&ort and e=&ort o$ data $ro, and to other broadl/recogni-ed $or,ats: lin7s 5ith other general so$t5ares $or Place areas li7e rein$orced and &re

stressed concrete slab design: $ooting design: steel connection design: etc.

*. A librar/ o$ 6isible utilities called #&en STAAD 5hich &er,its users to %ight o$ entr/

STAAD.Pro<s internal tas7s and &ractises as 5ell as its gra&hical instructions to ta& into

STAAD<s catalogue and lin7 in&ut and out&ut data to third;&art/ so$t5are inscribed using

languages li7e ': ': V+A: 4#%T%A): a6a: etc. Thus: #&en STAAD allo5s users to relation

in;house or third;&art/ &resentations 5ith STAAD.Pro.

4. etti0% Starte$

STAADPr( V8i Appli&ati(0 )i0$(:



Sti0ed oint 5ith * reactions. It is located at each end o$ the +ea, and each corner o$ the

Plate )odes considered the essence o$ the geo,etr/ o$ an/ structure in STAAD.Pro. Each

node holds the $ollo5ing in$or,ations

• )ode )u,ber.

• )ode 'oordinates in HJ s&ace.

#ea,:

An/ ,e,ber in the structure: that can be bea,: colu,n: bracing ,e,ber or truss ,e,ber.

+ea,s are actuall/ dened based on the )odes at their ends. Each bea, holds the $ollo5ing

in$or,ation

• +ea, )u,ber.

• The )ode nu,bers at its ends.

Plates:

A thin shell 5ith node sha&ed ele,ent. It can be slab or 5all ele,ent. Each &late 5ill holds

the $ollo5ing in$or,ation

• Plate )u,ber.

• )ode )u,ber at each corner o$ it.

Sur7a&e:

A thin shell in green color 5ith ,utli;nodded sha&e starting $ro, 3 nodes and ,ore. It can

be an/thing o$ slabs: 5alls and ra$t $oundations. It holds the $ollo5ing in$or,ation

• Sur$ace )u,ber.

• )ode )u,bers at each corner o$ it.

ar$are Re;uire,e0ts:

The $ollo5ing re9uire,ents are suggested ,ini,u,s. S/ste,s 5ith increased ca&acit/

&ro6ide enhanced &er$or,ance.

• P' 5ith Intel;Pentiu, or e9ui6alent.

• !ra&hics card and ,onitor 5ith 1K2LM*8 resolution: 2(* color dis&la/ F1* bit highcolor reco,,endedG.

• 128 "+ %A" or higher.



• Windo5s )T .K or higher o&erating s/ste,. %unning it on Windo5s N( C Windo5s N8s/ste,s is not reco,,ended as &er$or,ance ,a/ be degraded. The &rogra, 5or7sbest on Windo5s 2KKK and HP o&erating s/ste,s.

• SuOcient $ree s&ace on the hard dis7 to hold the &rogra, and data les. The dis7s&ace re9uire,ent 5ill 6ar/ de&ending on the ,odules /ou are installing. A t/&ical

,ini,u, is (KK"+ $ree s&ace.

• A ,ulti;,edia read/ s/ste, 5ith sound card and s&ea7ers is needed to run thetutorial ,o6ies and slide sho5s.

Chapter- 2:

1. Starting STAAD.Pro V8i

2. "ethods #$ "odel !eneration

3. Translational %e&eat

. 'ircular %e&eat

(. Insert )ode

*. Add +ea,

1 Starti0% STAADPr( V8i

Creati0% a Pr(<e&t:

#nce /ou stared the STAAD.Pro a&&lication $ollo5 the instructions

1. In the ProBect Tas7s bo=: clic7 )e5 ProBect.

2. A )e5 ProBect dialog bo= a&&ears is sho5n belo5

http://civilsoftwares.com/starting-staad-pro-v8i/

http://civilsoftwares.com/model-generation/

http://civilsoftwares.com/translational-repeat/

http://civilsoftwares.com/circular-repeat/

http://civilsoftwares.com/insert-node-2/

http://civilsoftwares.com/add-beam/

http://civilsoftwares.com/starting-staad-pro-v8i/

http://civilsoftwares.com/model-generation/


http://civilsoftwares.com/circular-repeat/

http://civilsoftwares.com/insert-node-2/

http://civilsoftwares.com/add-beam/



3. +e$ore starting a &roBect: /ou ,ust be a5are o$ the t/&e o$ structure. The structure t/&ecan be dened as S&ace: Plane: 4loor: or Truss.

• Spa&e: A SPA'E structure: 5hich is a three;di,ensional $ra,ed structure 5ith loadsa&&lied in an/ &lane: is the ,ost general. The loading causes the structure to de$or,in all 3 global a=es.

• Pla0e: The t/&e o$ geo,etr/: loading and de$or,ation are restricted to the global H;&lane onl/.

• =l((r: The geo,etr/ o$ structure is 7e&t at the H;J &lane.

• Truss: The structure trans,its loading b/ &ure a=ial action. Truss ,e,bers areconsidered to be in ca&able o$ carr/ing shear: bending and torsion.

. Set the length units and loading units and clic7 )e=t button.

9(te: The units can be altered later i$ needed: at an/ &oint o$ the ,odel creation.

(. )o5 Where do /ou 5ant to go? dialog bo= a&&ears. ou ha6e s&eci$/ the ,ethod $orbuilding



• A$$ #ea,: Sets the &rogra, in the Sna& )ode+ea, dialog and sna& grid toconstruct /our ,odel b/ creating ne5 Boints and bea,s using the construction grid:dra5ing tools and s&readsheets.

• A$$ Plate: Sets the &rogra, u& 5ith the Sna& )odePlate dialog to construct /our,odel b/ creating ne5 Boints and 3;noded and ;noded &late ele,ents using theconstruction grid: dra5ing tools and s&readsheets.

• A$$ S(li$: Sets the &rogra, u& 5ith the Sna& )odePlate dialog toconstruct /our ,odel b/ creating ne5 Boints and 8;noded solidbric7 ele,ents using theconstruction grid: dra5ing tools and s&readsheets.

• Ope0 Stru&ture )i>ar$: #&ens the librar/ o$ read/,ade structure te,&lates 5hichcan be e=tracted and ,odied &ara,etric ,odel standard: &ara,etric structuralte,&lates $or trusses: sur$aces: ba/ $ra,es and ,uch ,ore.

• Ope0 STAAD*$it(r: Allo5s /ou to build /our ,odel using STAAD s/nta= co,,andsFnon;gra&hical inter$aceG through the STAAD editor.

• *$it ?(b 07(r,ati(0: Auto,aticall/ o&ens the ob In$or,ation dialog bo= 5hich&ro6ide in$or,ation about the Bob Fi.e. client<s na,e: Bob title: engineers in6ol6ed: etc.Gbe$ore building /our ,odel.

2 @eth($s O7 @($el e0erati(0

STAAD.Pro V8i consists o$ three &arts

• Pre Processor !enerates the ,odel 5ith all the data needed $or the anal/sis.

• Anal/sis Engine 'alculates dis&lace,ents: ,e,ber $orces: reactions: stresses: etc.

• Post Processing Dis&la/s the results o$ the anal/sis and design.

Creati0% 9($es:



When /ou select the )odes co,,and in geo,etr/ ,enu: it sho5s a dialog bo= 5here /oucan enter the Boint coordinates.

A$ter creating the Boint i.e. entering the coordinates: /ou can able to see the Boint in the,odelling area.

#I)T '##%DI)ATES

i1: =1: /1: -1: Fi2: =2: /2: -2: i3G

%EPEAT n: =i:/i1: -i1: F=i1: /i2: . . . . =in: /in: -inG

%EPEAT A n:=i1: /i1: -i1: F=i2: /i2: -i2: . . . . =in: /in: -inG

*0ha0&e$ ri$ T((l:

The o&tions in Sna&!rid )ode tools in the geo,etr/ ,enu ha6e been i,&ro6ed to

1. Allo5 ,ulti&le grids to be created.

2. I,&ort a DH4 le and use it as be created.

3. I,&ort grid les created in di0erent STAAD.Pro ,odel.



+ea,s: &lates and 8 nodes solid ele,ent can be created using the suitable Sna&!rid tool.When this $unction is &ro&elled: the $ollo5ing dialog is o&ened 5hich includes a De$ault !rid. This grid 5ill be o$ t/&e Qlinear<: there are also o&tions to create %adial: and Irregular grids.

As ne5 grids are added or ,odied: the in$or,ation is stored in the STAAD.Pro data $older5ith a !%D allo5ance that &er,its other STAAD.Pro le to re;use these dened grids. Toalter the starting o$ this grid: clic7 on the *$it button to sho5 the e=isting grid &ro&erties.



The current &lane o$ the grid is set b/ selecting the re9uired o&tion. This can rotated aboutone o$ the global &lanes b/ selecting the a=is o$ rotation and setting the angle.

The origin o$ the grid is ,ar7ed on the gra&hics: 5ith a s,all circle. The location o$ theorigin: s&ecied in global coordinates: can either be dened e=&licitl/ in the gi6en H. and J

coordinates: or it can be set to the coordinates o$ an e=isting node b/ clic7ing on the iconand then on the node itsel$ in the gra&hical 5indo5. )ote that at this &oint the origincoordinate is u&dated.

The construction lines are used to s&eci$/ ho5 ,an/ gridlines are created either side o$ theorigin: the s&acing bet5een the gridlines and i$ there should be a s7e5 in degrees alongeither a=is.

'lic7 on the #R button to acce&t these settings.

Additional grids can be dened b/ clic7ing in the 'reate button. Three di0erent t/&es o$standard grid can be created

• inear

• %adial

• Irregular

The t/&e o$ the grid re9uired can be selected $ro, the dro& do5n list a6ailable at the to& o$the &ro&ert/ sheet.



Each ne5 grid should be identied 5ith a uni9ue na,e $or $uture re$erence. The $unctionalit/$or each t/&e o$ grid is gi6en belo5

/i0ear:

• T5o di,ensional s/ste, o$ regularit/ s&aced linear construction lines creating a

&lane o$ sna& &oints.

• Plane is dened as being coincident 5ith the global H: HJ or J &lanes or at anangle s7e5ed 5ith res&ect to the global &lanes.

• ocation o$ the origin can be dened 5ith res&ect to global H: and J coordinatess/ste,s.

Ra$ial:

• T5o di,ensional s/ste, o$ regularl/ s&aced radial and circu,$erential constructionlines creating a &lane o$ sna& &oints.

• Plane is dened as being coincident 5ith the global H: HJ and J &lanes or at angles7e5ed 5ith res&ect to the global &lanes.

• ocation o$ the origin can be dened 5ith res&ect to global H: and J coordinatess/ste,s.

• Well suited $or dra5ing circular ,odels using &iece;5ise linear techni9ues.

The settings $or a %adial grid are dened in the $ollo5ing 5indo5

The Plane: Angle o$ Plane and !rid origin o&tion are as $or the linear.



rre%ular:

• T5o di,ensional s/ste, o$ regularit/ or irregularl/ s&aced linear construction linescreating a &lane o$ sna& &oints.

• Plane is dened as being coincident 5ith the global H: HJ or J &lanes or at an

angle s7e5ed res&ect to the global &lanes or at an arbitrar/ &lane.

The settings $or an irregular grid are dened in the $ollo5ing 5indo5

3 Tra0slati(0al Repeat

Translational #&tion allo5s to co&/ the entire structure or a &ortion o$ the structure in a

linear direction. We ,a/ generate one or ,ore se6eral co&ies o$ the selected co,&onents.

Select the structural ele,ents to re&eat. Select !eo,etr/→ Translational %e&eat o&tion $ro,

the geo,etr/ ,enu or 'lic7 Translational %e&eat Icon . The Translational %e&eat dialog

bo= a&&ears as sho5n belo5



l(bal Dire&ti(0:

'hoose an/ one o$ the three &ossible global direction along 5hich the selected structural

ele,ents should be co&ies.

9( (7 Steps:

S&eci$/ the nu,bers o$ ste&s to re&eated /ou need.

De7ault Step Spa&i0%:

T/&e the de$ault s&acing bet5een ste&s in the edit bo= in current length units. 4or each ste&:

the de$ault 6alue o$ the s&acing 5ill be 5hat 5e &ro6ide in the Default step spacing bo=. We

can change the s&acing o$ indi6idual ste&s i$ 5e choose to do so.

Step Spa&i0% Table:

This table consists o$ t5o colu,ns Ste& and S&acing. We can change the s&acing o$ an/

t/&e in the table.

Re0u,ber #ay:

This is the 5a/ o$ instructing the &rogra, to use a user;s&ecied starting nu,ber $or the

,e,bers generated in each ste& o$ the translational re&eat acti6it/.

e(,etry O0ly:

The Translational %e&eat allo5s the co&/ing o$ the ele,ents 5ithout ha6ing their loads

&ro&erties: steel design &ara,eters: etc. being co&ied 5ith it. +/ de$ault F5hen the!eo,etr/ #nl/ o&tion is not chec7edG all loads: &ro&erties: design &ara,eters: ,e,bers

releases: etc. on the selected ele,ents 5ill auto,aticall/ be co&ied along 5ith the ele,ents.

+/ chec7ing the o&tion labelled !eo,etr/ #nl/: the translational re&eating 5ill be &er

$or,ed using onl/ geo,etr/ data.

/i0' Steps a0$ Ope0 #ase:

I$ /ou 5ant to auto,aticall/ connect the ste&s or co&ies b/ ne5 ,e,bers: along the

s&ecied global directions: chec7 the in7 Ste&s chec7 bo=. In other 5ords: the in7 Ste&s

o&tion is a&&licable 5hen the ne5l/ created units are &h/sicall/ re,o6ed $ro, the e=isting

units and 5hen one 5ishes to connect those using ,e,bers. To a6oid Boining the base o$ theco&ied structures: chec7 the #&en +ase bo=.

ere /ou can see the 4ra,e ,odel co&ied using the Translational %e&eat o&tion



4 Cir&ular Repeat

'ircular %e&eat allo5s to co&/ o$ the entire structure on an &ortion o$ i$ in a circular

direction. Select the structural ele,ents to re&eat and select the 'ircular %e&eat o&tion $ro,the geo,etr/ ,enu. The 3D 'ircular dialog bo= a&&ears as sho5n in the gure.

A+is (7 R(tati(0:

'lic7 the radio button to choose the a=is o$ rotation $or re&eating the selected co,&onents.

Thr(u%h:

The ne5 highlight node button selects the )ode on Plane. 'lic7 on this icon to be able to

select the node $ro, the ,ain ,odel. #nce the cursor changes the sha&e: si,&l/ select a

node $ro, the ,odel. The )ode and Point bo=es 5ill auto,aticall/ ll u& 5ith the correct

in$or,ation. #ther5ise: t/&e an e=isting )ode nu,ber or location Point coordinates to dene

the a=is o$ rotation.

se this as %e$erence Point $or +eta angle generation. In &re6ious 6ersions o$ STAAD.Pro: one

li,itations o$ the 'ircular %e&eat $eature 5as that the ,e,ber orientation 5as not ta7en

into consideration during the circular generation. This li,itation has been addressed no5.



. T/&e the Total angle and )o o$ Ste&s.

(. 'lic7 #R.

5 0sert 9($e

This $acilit/ allo5s the user to insert node on an e=isting ,e,ber. The ,e,ber is s&lit into

the corres&onding nu,ber o$ seg,ents 5ith auto,atic generation o$ node and ,e,ber

nu,bers: ,e,ber &ro&erties and loads.

I$ /ou choose this o&tion: the Insert Node cursor a&&ears. +/ using that cursor: /ou can

select the ,e,ber to s&lit. The Insert Node dialog a&&ears: as sho5n belo5

#ea, /e0%th:



This lists the distance $ro, node A to node + along the bea, to be s&lit.

9e 0serti(0 P(i0t:

Pro6ide the Distance $ro, the start node o$ the ,e,ber in current length units.

Alternati6el/: &ro6ide Pro&ortion o$ the total length o$ the ,e,ber to &osition the ne5 node.

'lic7 Add )e5 Point to add the node.

A$$ 9e P(i0t:

A$ter &ro6iding the Distance or the Pro&ortion: clic7 on the Add )e5 Point to add the node.

A$$ @i$ P(i0t:

To s&lit the ,e,ber into t5o seg,ents: clic7 on this button.

A$$ 0 P(i0ts:

To di6ide the bea, in a nu,ber o$ e9ual seg,ents: &ro6ide the nu,ber o$ inter,ediate

&oints in the n edit bo= and clic7 on Add n Points. )ote that this 6alue should be an

integer.

0serti(0 P(i0ts:

The locations o$ the ne5l/ created &oints are listed in this list bo=: sho5n as the distance

$ro, the start node o$ the ,e,ber: To acce&t the ne5 nodes that a&&ear in the Insertion

Point list bo=: clic7 the #R button.

Re,(e:

To re,o6e a node $ro, the list o$ inserted nodes: highlight the desired node and clic7 on this

button.

*0ha0&e,e0t (7 0sert 9($e Operati(0:

sers can no5 select ,ulti&le ,e,bers and s&lit the ,e,bers at a gi6en $ractional &osition

or a s&ecied distances $ro, the starting node &ositions. The ne5 $eature 5ill enable the

users to &er$or, the o&eration in one sight co,,and 5hich 5ill reduce the ,odeling ti,e.

9e p(i0t by $ista0&e:

S&eci$/ the distance in current length units at 5hich the bea, is to s&lit. The 6alue $or the

distance is entered in the Distance edit bo= and is ,easured $ro, the start node o$ the

bea,.



'lic7 on es to create a ne5 node. The Insert )odes dialog bo= 5ill &ro,&t $or the e=act

location 5here the nodes is to be created. once the desired node or nodes ha6e been in&ut

that bo=: clic7 on the #R button to generate the ne5 nodes on the selected bea,. I$ the ne5

node in&ut is not 5ithin a close &ro=i,it/ o$ the &oint clic7ed on the screen: no

@draggableline 5ill be sho5n. 'lic7 on the ne5 node to start the creation o$ the bea,.

Then: drag the ,ouse to another e=isting node location or re&eat the sa,e ste&s again to

d/na,icall/ create another ne5 node.

Chapter- 3:

1. %un Structure Wi-ard

2. !eneration Structure "odels

3. "erging the !enerated "odel in STAAD.Pro

. I,&orting 'AD "odels

1 Ru0 Stru&ture )i>ar$

The %un Structure Wi-ard o&tion o0ers a librar/ o$ ore;dened structure &rotot/&es: such asPratt truss: )orth light Truss: c/lindrical 4ra,e: etc. We ,a/ &ara,etricall/ generate a

structural ,odel and then trans$er and su&eri,&ose it on the current structure.

When 5e select the %un Structure Wi-ard o&tion $ro, the !eo,etr/ ,enu: the Structure

Wi-ard 5indo5 a&&ears as sho5n belo5.

http://civilsoftwares.com/run-structure-wizard/

http://civilsoftwares.com/generation-structure-models/

http://civilsoftwares.com/merging-generated-model-staad-pro/

http://civilsoftwares.com/importing-cad-models/

http://civilsoftwares.com/run-structure-wizard/

http://civilsoftwares.com/generation-structure-models/

http://civilsoftwares.com/merging-generated-model-staad-pro/

http://civilsoftwares.com/importing-cad-models/



The Prot/&e "odels and Sa6ed ser "odels o&tions on the to& o$ the le$t side o$ the screen.

I$ the Protot/&e "odels o&tion is selected: the "odel T/&e 5ill list the t/&es o$ &rotot/&e

structure a6ailable as sho5n belo5. I$ the Sa6ed ser "odels o&tion is selected: the "odel

T/&e 5ill dis&la/ the list &re6iousl/ done and sa6ed ,odels b/ the user.

A$$i0% a0$ Deleti0% ite,s t( the library:

Ite,s can be deleted or added 5ith certain settings $ro, and to the list. The ,odied ite,

list can be sa6ed in di0erent les and called 5hen re9uires. In brie$ : the ite, list is

custo,i-able.



To insert an/ custo,i-ed ite, under an/ "odel t/&e: select that "odel T/&e and clic7 the

,ouse at the botto, o$ the sa,e &ane. %ight;clic7 the ,ouse and $ro, the conte=t ,enu:

select Add Plug;in and /ou can load the corres&onding @.dll le. We can also delete a

&articular structural ite, b/ selecting that &articular ite, and b/ clic7ing the Delete "odel

Plug;in $ro, the conte=t ,enu. A structural ite, under an/ "odel T/&e ,a/ be rena,ed b/

using %ena,e "odel !enerator $ro, the conte=t ,enu.

The custo,i-ed list o$ the Protot/&e can be sa6ed in di0erent les. +/ de$ault:STAAD.ProStructure Wi-ard uses the de$ault .STP le. We can sa6e an/ changes in this le.

Also changes can be sa6ed in an/ le other than de$ault .STP. To sa6e the changes: select

Sa6e AsU. $ro, the 4ile ,enu in the Structure Wi-ard 5indo5. Pro6ide the &ath and na,e o$

the .STP le and &ress #R.

To o&en an/ .STP le to use the custo,i-ed Structure ibraries: select the 4ile #&en ,enu

o&tion $ro, Structure Wi-ard ,ain ,enu. S&eci$/ the &ath and na,e o$ the .STP le and

&ress #R.

se the Vie5: Joo,: Pan and %otate icons to change the orientation o$ the ,odel.

2e0erati(0 (7 Stru&ture 7r(, @($els

In this section: the &rocess o$ generating a structural ,odel and co,bining it 5ith the

e=isting STAAD.Pro structure 5ill be e=&lained using a o5e %oo$ Truss. 4ollo5 these ste&s to

create the other truss t/&es also.

Selection o$ nit

The unit o$ the length should be s&ecied be$ore the generation o$ a ,odel. 4ro, the 4ile

,enu: clic7 Select nit and the Select nit dialog bo= 5ill a&&ear as sho5n belo5. We canselect an/ unit o$ length $ro, I,&erial or SI"etric s/ste, o$ units.

"odel T/&e Truss

Select the o5e %oo$ structure t/&e under ,odel t/&e Trusses. Drag the ite, into the right

side 5indo5 and release the button. The Select Para,eters dialog bo= 5ill a&&ears to

s&eci$/ the Truss &ara,eter as sho5n belo5



A$ter dening the &ara,eters clic7 A&&l/ and the &rotot/&e truss 5ill a&&ears 5ith the H:

and J a=es on the screen.

%ight clic7 in the right side 5indo5 containing the generated ,odel. The conte=t;,enu 5ill

dis&la/ the o&tions 'hange Pro&ert/: Scale and Delete. We can edit the 6alue o$ the

&ara,eters b/ clic7ing the 'hange Pro&ert/: 5hich 5ill &o&;u& the select Para,eters dialog

bo=. Enter the length: height and 5idth o$ the truss and the nu,ber o$ ba/s along those

directions. To ,odi$/ the s&acing o$ indi6idual ba/s: clic7 the bro5se button and in the dialog

bo= that a&&ears: t/&e ne5 s&acing and clic7 #R. 'lic7 the A&&l/ button to &ara,etricall/

generated the truss ,odel. 'lic7 'lose to nish.

We can re;scale the ,odel in H: and J directions se&aratel/ using Scale $ro, the conte=t

,enu. ou can also delete the &articular ,odel b/ clic7ing Delete $ro, the conte=t ,enu.

3@er%i0% the e0erate$ @($el t( STAADPr(Select the "erge "odel 5ith STAAD.Pro sub ,enu $ro, the 4ile ,enu to co,bine the

generated ,odel to the current STAAD.Pro structure.



The structure Wi-ard 5indo5 5ill no5 close. In the STAAD.Pro 5indo5: the Paste Protot/&e

"odel dialog bo= 5ill a&&ears.: in 5hich 5e can t/&e the shi$t o$ the origin o$ the Structure

Wi-ard ,odel $ro, the origin o$ the STAAD.Pro a=is s/ste, or 5e can t/&e coordinate o$ the

node o$ the STAAD.Pro structure 5ith 5hich 5e can 5ant to connect the Structure Wi-ard

,odel or clic7 on the %e$erence Pt button to connect the node o$ the e=isting structure inSTAAD.Pro 5ith the Structure Wi-ard ,odel b/ clic7ing on the Boints 5here the/ 5ill be

connected. 'lic7 #R to nish.

In the 4ra,e "odels 'ontinuous +ea,: +a/ 4ra,e: !rid 4ra,e and 4loor !rid ha6e si,ilar

&ara,eters in the Select Para,eter dialog bo=. T/&e 6alues $or ength: eight C Width and

nu,ber o$ ba/s $or each. To ,odi$/ the s&acing o$ the ba/s: clic7 the bro5se button and in

the dialog bo= that a&&ears: t/&e ne5 s&acing and clic7 #R. 'lic7 the A&&l/ button to the

&ara,etricall/ generated ,odel.

The '/lindrical 4ra,e: %e6erse '/lindrical 4ra,e and 'ircular +ea, ha6e si,ilar Para,eterin the Select Para,eter dialog bo=. T/&e 6alues $or ength: %adius: Angle and nu,ber o$

ba/s along length and &eri&her/. To ,odi$/ the s&acing o$ bars: clic7 the bro5se button and

in dialog bo= that a&&ears: t/&e ne5 s&acing and clic7 #R: 'lic7 the A&&l/ button to

&ara,etricall/ generate the ,odel.



4,p(rti0% CAD @($els

This $eature can i,&ort 'AD ,odels: has t5o se&arate utilities: Scan DH4 and STAAD "odels.

Scan DH4

I$ the geo,etr/ o$ the ,odel is created using the dra5ing &rogra, li7e Auto'AD and sa6ed

in a DH4 le $or,at: it can be i,&orted using this o&tion. A$ter dragging the Scan DH4 icon

into the right side 5indo5: a #&en dialog bo= a&&ears and noe5 locate the @DH4 le:

5hich 5e 5ant to o&en: select that le and &ress #R. This $eature su&&orts the li,ited

nu,ber o$ 'AD entities li7e ine: 3D;Pol/line and 3D;4ace.

STAAD "odels

This allo5s the geo,etr/ o$ the &re6iousl/ created ,odel to be i,&orted and altered. A$ter

dragging the STAAD "odels icon into the right side 5indo5: an #&en dialog bo= 5ill a&&ear.

)o5 locate the @STD le 5hich /ou 5ant to o&en: select that @STD le and &ress #R. The

geo,etr/ $ro, that STD le 5ill be i,&orted. That ,odel can be scaled u& or do5n along

the global H: and J directions b/ clic7ing the right ,ouse button: choosing the Scale o&tion

and &ro6ide the desired 6alues.

Chapter- 4:

1. Su&&ort S&ecication

2. Su&&ort Page

3. "e,ber Pro&ert/

. "e,ber #0set

1Supp(rt Spe&i&ati(0

This allo5s the user to dene the su&&ort conditions o$ the structure b/ &ro6iding =ed:&inned: roller: inclined: s&ring su&&orts: etc. Su&&orts can dened and assigned $ro, the!eneral Su&&ort &age also. This ,enu o&tion is used to s&eci$/ the su&&orts on thestructures. The Su&&ort S&ecication ,enu o0ers se6eral sub;,enu o&tions: as $ollo5.

'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ Supp(rt Spe&i&ati(0s

http://civilsoftwares.com/autocad2014/

http://civilsoftwares.com/support-specification/

http://civilsoftwares.com/support-page/

http://civilsoftwares.com/member-property/

http://civilsoftwares.com/member-offset/

http://civilsoftwares.com/autocad2014/


http://civilsoftwares.com/support-page/

http://civilsoftwares.com/member-property/

http://civilsoftwares.com/member-offset/



Pi00e$:

This allo5s user to create the &inned su&&ort tag and assigned it to the selected nodes. A&inned su&&ort is restrained in all three translational degree o$ $reedo, and $ree in the 3rotational degrees o$ $reedo,.

=i+e$:

This allo5s the user to create a =ed su&&ort tag and assign that to the selected nodes. A=ed su&&ort is restrained in all * degree o$ $reedo,.



En$orced +ut su&&ort t/&e is the sa,e as the @En$orced su&&ort e=ce&t that 5e ha6e thechoice on the degrees o$ $reedo, 5e 5ish to restrain. 4or e=a,&le: 5e can select En$orced+ut and restrain Bust the 4H: 4 and 4J degree o$ $reedo, and let the re,aining 3 $ree tode$or,ation.

0&li0e$:

This allo5s the user to create su&&orts that restraints in an a=is s/ste, that is inclined 5ithres&ect to the global a=is s/ste,. There are t5o as&ects dening the inclined su&&orts

• The re$erence &oint 5hich inclined a=is s/ste,.

• The restraints: releases and s&rings.

=(u0$ati(0:

To dene a s&ring su&&ort $or an isolated $ooting: clic7 the 4ooting radio button. Pro6ide thedi,ension o$ the $ooting in current units settings and choose the Direction o$ the s&ring

action. Pro6ide the soil Sub;grade 6alue in the edit bo=. 'lic7 the Add button to add the$oundation su&&ort tag to the structure or clic7 Assign to assign this su&&ort to selectednodes.

*lasti& @at: In this ,ethod: the area is calculated using a Delauna/ triangle &rinci&le.ence the candidates $or this o&tions are nodes 5hich dene the ,at. To achie6e bestresults: one needs to ensure that the contour $or,ed b/ the nodes $or, a con6e= hull.

Plate @at: I$ the $oundation slab is ,odeled using &late ele,ents: the s&ring su&&orts canbe generated using an in>uence area calculated using the &rinci&les used in deter,ining thetributar/ area o$ nodes $ro, the nite ele,ent ,odelling stand&oint. ence the candidates

$or this o&tion are the &lates 5hich dene the ,at. When the ,at is ,odeled using &lates.this &roduces su&erior results than the EASTI' "AT t/&e.



2Supp(rt Pa%e

When the !eneral Su&&ort Page is o&ened: a Su&&orted )odes tables and a Su&&orts

dialog bo= a&&ears in the data area. We ,a/ s&eci$/ su&&orts in t5o 5a/s. We ,ust rst

create Su&&ort S&ecication and then select the nodes to 5hich this su&&ort is to be

attached to. Alternati6el/: 5e ,a/ rst select the nodes and then s&eci$/ a su&&ort to be

assigned to the selected nodes. In second case: a ne5 Su&&ort S&ecication is created along

5ith a su&&ort re$erence nu,ber. Also note that the Assign button beco,e acti6e i$ 5e ha6e

alread/ selected the nodes to 5hich the su&&ort is to be a&&lied.

Su&&orted )odes Table list all nodes $or 5hich su&&orts ha6e been dened. The t/&e o$

su&&ort is also dis&la/ed. The Su&&orts dialog bo= allo5s us to dene su&&orts and assign

the, to nodes. All su&&orts that ha6e been dened $or the ,odel are listed in the Su&&orts

dialog bo=.

'reate

The 'reate button is $or creating the su&&orts to be a&&lied on the structure. When /ou clic7

this button 'reate Su&&ort dialog bo= a&&ears.







Edit

4or certain t/&es o$ su&&orts: the &ara,eters o$ the su&&ort can be ,odied a$ter the

su&&ort is created. The Edit button is a6ailable $or that &ur&ose. To do this: rst select that

su&&ort t/&e $ro, the list. 'lic7 on Edit and dialog bo= corres&onding to that su&&ort 5ill be

re;dis&la/ed: allo5ing $or changes to be ,ade.

Delete

se this button to delete a &re6iousl/ assigned su&&ort.

Assign,ent "ethod

The o&tions under the Assign,ent "ethod o0er di0erent choices $or assigning su&&orts to

the structure.

Assign To Selected )odes

To assign a su&&ort to selected nodes: rst select the su&&ort $ro, the su&&orts dialog bo=.

The su&&ort selected is highlighted. Then select the nodes to 5hich this su&&ort is to be

assigned. When all the desired nodes are selected: clic7 the Assign To Selected )odes radio

button: then clic7 the Assign button.

Assign To Vie5

To assign a su&&ort to all $ree nodes in a 6ie5: rst select the su&&ort $ro, the Su&&orts

dialog bo=. The selected su&&orted is highlighted. Select the Assign To Vie5 radio button:

then clic7 the Assign button. All $ree nodes in the structure are assigned this su&&ort a$ter

getting the conr,ation.

se 'ursor To Assign

To assign a su&&ort to nodes using the cursor: rst select the su&&ort $ro, the Su&&orts

dialog bo=. The selected su&&ort is highlighted. Select the se 'ursor To Assign radio button:

then clic7 the Assign button. The button 5ill a&&ear de&ressed and label 5ill change to

Assigning. "a7e sure that the )odes 'ursor is selected so that 5e can select the nodes.

sing the cursor: clic7 on the nodes to 5hich this su&&ort is to be assigned. 'lic7 on the

Assign button again to nish.

Assign To Edit ist

To assign a su&&ort using a t/&ed list o$ node nu,bers: rst select the su&&ort $ro, the

Su&&orts dialog bo=. The selected su&&ort is highlighted. Select the Assign To Edit ist radio

button: then t/&e the list o$ node nu,bers and clic7 the Assign button.



3@e,ber Pr(perty

This allo5s the user to &ro6ide the cross sectional &ro&erties o$ ,e,bers 5ith or 5ithout the

,aterial s&ecication. The sa,e o&tions can be gained access $ro, the !eneral Pro&ert/

&age. The "e,ber Pro&ert/ ,enu o&tion is used to create the &ro&ert/ tag and then assign

the s&ecied &ro&ert/ tag to select ,e,bers through the Pro&ert/ Page. Alternati6el/: 5e

,a/ rst select ,e,bers and then dene the ,e,ber &ro&ert/ to be assigned to these

,e,bers.

The "e,ber Pro&ert/ ,enu o0ers se6eral sub;,enu o&tions as sho5n belo5

Pris,atic

This allo5s the user to assign 'ircular: %ectangular: Tee: Tra&e-oidal: !eneral: etc. 'ross

sections to the $ra,e ,e,bers.

When 5e select the Pris,atic o&tion: the Pro&ert/ dialog bo= a&&ears as sho5n belo5. Also

note that the Pro&erties dialog bo= also o&ens si,ultaneousl/ letting us utili-e so,e o$ the

other o&erations a6ailable $ro, that dialog bo=.



"aterial 'hec7 this bo= and select the ,aterial $ro, the dro& do5n list i$ the ne5 ,e,ber

&ro&ert/ tag should include the ,aterials constants.

'ircle To dene a circular section: clic7 on the 'ircle tab as sho5n in the &re6ious gure.

Enter the section dia,eter D and select the ,aterial.

%ectangle To dene the rectangle section: 'lic7 on the %ectangle tab. Enter the height D

and 5idth JD o$ the section and select the ,aterial.

Tee To dene a tee section: clic7 on the tee tab. Enter the height D: 5idth JD ste, height

+ and ste, 5idth J+ and select the ,aterial.

Tra&e-oidal To dene a tra&e-oidal section: clic7 on the Tra&e-oidal tab. Enter the height D:

to& 5idth JD: botto, 5idth J+ and select the ,aterial.

Ta&ered Tube This allo5s the user to s&eci$/ a I;section ha6ing a 6ar/ing de&th o6er the

length o$ the ,e,ber b/ using M &ara,eters as sho5n belo5



4@e,ber OFset

The bea,s and colu,ns o$ structure are characteri-ed b/ lines in the co,&uter ,odel. Inthe actual structure: a bea, s&ans distance 5hich in the clear s&an bet5een the $aces o$colu,ns. +ut in the co,&uter ,odel: the line $or the bea, s&ans a,ong the centerlines o$the colu,n. The hal$ de&th &ortion o$ either colu,n is signicantl/ sti0er than the bea,itsel$ $ro, the stand &oint o$ bending. To ta7e benet o$ this e=tra sti0ness: 5e ,a/ aOr,that the start and end $aces o$ the bea, are o0set $ro, the node b/ a distance identical tothe hal$;colu,n;de&ths.

"e,ber o0sets can be s&ecied in other situations too. E=a,&les are

• When a bracing ,e,ber does not ,eet the node 5hich is dened in its incidence list.

• A girder and to& slab in the bridge 5here the centerline o$ the girder is se6eral inchesbelo5 the centerline o$ the slab.

This $acilit/ beco,es 6er/ use$ul 5hen the user 5ants to ha6e the structural &ara,eters o$ a,e,ber 6i-. shear $orce: bending ,o,ent b/ considering the clear distance o$ the ,e,berbet5een the su&&orts. This $acilit/ can accessed $ro, the !eneral S&ecication also. When/ou select the o0set ,enu o&tion in the co,,and ,enu: the "e,ber S&ecication dialogbo= a&&ears as sho5n belo5.

ocation



ocation denes the o0set end o$ the ,e,ber. Start is the starting &oint o$ the ,e,ber andEnd is the Ending &oint o$ the ,e,ber. Start and End de&ends on the "e,ber Incidence o$the ,e,ber. Selecting one o$ these o&tions denes the ,e,ber o0set to be at the start&oint or at the end &oint o$ the ,e,ber.

Direction

'hoose the ocal $or assigning the o0sets in the local a=is s/ste,. #ther5ise: choose theglobal a=is s/ste,.

#0sets

T/&e the o0set distance $ro, the Boint in the three global directions. 'lic7 the Add button toadd this s&ecication to the structure or clic7 Assign to assign the s&ecication to selected,e,ber as 5ell as add this s&ecication to the structure.

Chapter- 5:

1. oading 1

2. oading 2

3. Wind oad !eneration

. Assigning Wind oads

/(a$i0% G 1

In STAAD.Pro V8i: loads in a structure can be detailed as Dead load: i6e load: Wind load:Sno5 load: Seis,ic load: te,&erature load and =ed;end ,e,ber load. STAAD.Pro V8i canalso calculate the sel$;5eight o$ the structure and ,a7e it as uni$or,l/ distributed loadsFDG in anal/sis. Sel$;5eight o$ the ,e,bers can be a&&lied in an/ desired direction.

'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ /(a$i0%→ Pri,ary /(a$i0%.

)o5 the 'reate )e5 Denitions oad 'ases oad Ite,s dialog bo= a&&ears. )o5 /ou ha6eto dene the loads: then clic7 Add button.











Dea$ /(a$ (r Sel7-ei%ht:

Sel$;5eight o$ all acti6e ,e,bers o$ the structure are calculated and a&&lied as a uni$or,l/distributed load. Please note that the &ro&ert/ o$ the ,e,ber ,ust be dened be$ore thisco,,and used.

•

Dire&ti(0; S&eci$/ the direction in the sel$;5eight load is to be a&&lied b/ clic7ing onthe H: or J buttons.

• =a&t(r; S&eci$/ the $actor 5ith 5hich the calculated sel$;5eight are to be ,ulti&lied.A negati6e 6alue indicates that the load is a&&lies along the negati6e direction o$ theselected a=is.

Nodal Load:

)odal loads is the co,bination o$ $orces and ,o,ents: it ,a/ be a&&lied to an/ $ree node o$ a structure. These loads act in the global coordinate s/ste, o$ the structure. T5o o&tions area6ailable under )odal oad )ode and Su&&ort Dis&lace,ent. Positi6e 6alue $orces acts inthe &ositi6e coordinate directions o$ the a=is.



@e,ber /(a$:

The "e,ber oad tab allo5s the user to a&&l/ loads on the s&an o$ $ra,e ,e,bers.

C(0&e0trate$ /(a$:

To s&eci$/ a concentrated $orce or ,o,ent: clic7 the 'oncentrated 4orce or 'oncentrated"o,ent tab. The data ite,s are e=&lained belo5.



/i0ear Varyi0% /(a$:

The load is a&&lied o6er the entire length o$ the ,e,ber: 6aries 5ith res&ect to the distance.

/(a$i0% G 2

Area /(a$: This allo5s the user to a&&l/ load o6er area: 5hich 5ill be distributed on

surrounding bea,s based on the one 5a/ distribution. This load is a one;5a/ distributed

&ressure load on ,e,bers that circu,stances a &anel. Enter the 6alue o$ area load in



current units. This load al5a/s acts along the &ositi6e local / direction on the t5o longest

,e,ber on each &anel.

9(te: Area load should not s&ecied on ,e,bers declared as "e,ber 'able: "e,ber Truss

or "e,ber Tension.

=l((r /(a$: ser can a&&l/ the load o6er the &anel: 5hich 5ill be distributed on

surrounding bea,s based on a t5o;5a/ distribution. This load is t5o;5a/ distributed

&ressure load on ,e,bers that circu,scribe a &anel. The data ite,s are e=&lained belo5

/(a$ 4loor load 6alue in the current units. This load 5ill act &arallel to the global 6ertical

a=is.

Dire&ti(0 The >oor ,a/ be considered as acting &er&endicular to &lane o$ the &anel on

5hich it is dened. This is nor,al load static condition.

Ra0%e Dene H %ange %ange J %ange. S&eci$/ the location o$ the >oor using the

Dene H %ange o&tion. The load 5ill be calculated $or all ,e,bers l/ing bet5een this range.

O0e )ay Distributi(0 'hec7 the bo= $or one 5a/ distribution to get a one 5a/ t/&e

distribution o$ the &ressure. In such cases: the &rogra, nd out the shorter side o$ the

&anel. It then di6ides the load in bet5een the long direction bea,s. )o load is generated b/

this o&tion i$ the &anel is s9uare in sha&e.



Plate /(a$: The Plate oad tab allo5s the user to a&&l/ ele,ents loads. The Plate oad tab

o0ers se6eral sub;,enu o&tions as sho5n belo5.

Pressure O0 =ull Plate:



/(a$ W1 is the 6ariable using 5hich the &ressure 6alue is dened: in &ressure units.

Dire&ti(0 The load ,a/ be a&&lied along the local J a=is: or along one o$ the global H:

or J a=is F!H: !: !JG

C(0&e0trate$ /(a$:

se this o&tion to dene a concentrated load that acts on s&ecic &oint 5ithin the boundar/

o$ the ele,ent. I$ a load acts at a node &oint o$ an ele,ent: it is ad6isable to a&&l/ it using

the )odal oad o&tion described in earlier &ages.

/(a$ The ,agnitude o$ load is s&ecied in the bo= alongside 4orce. H and dene the

location o$ the load: in ter,s o$ the distance $ro, the origin o$ local H and a=es o$ the

ele,ent.

Dire&ti(0 The load ,a/ be a&&lied along the local J;a=is: or along one o$ the global H:

or J a=is F!H: !: !JG.

Partial Plate Pressure:



To S&eci$/ a uni$or, &ressure on the entire ele,ent or a non user s&ecied &ortion o$ the

ele,ent: use this $acilit/. The data ite,s are e=&lained belo5

/(a$ The ele,ent &ressure F$orce &er unit areaG or 'oncentrated load F$orce unitG. 4or

concentrated load the 6alues o$ H2 and 2 ,ust be o,itted: 5hile H1 and 1 ,ust be

s&ecied.

H1I J1I H2I J2 4or ele,ent &ressure F$orce &er unit areaG: these 6alues re&resent the

coordinates o$ the rectangular b&undar/ on 5hich the &ressure is a&&lied. I$ H1: 1: H2 and

2 are all -ero the &ressure is a&&lied o6er the entire ele,ent. I$ H1 and 1 are s&ecied but

H2 and 2 are o,itted: then W1 is treated as concentrated load.

Dire&ti(0 !H: !: !J re&resent the global H: and J direction along 5hich the &ressure

,a/ be a&&lied ocal J indicates that the &ressure is a&&lied nor,al to the ele,ent in the

local J direction.

Trape>(i$al: To s&eci$/ a tra&e-oidal 6ar/ing &ressure load on a &late: select the Tra&e-oidal tab. The load is a&&lied o6er the entire ele,ent in the local J direction: 6ar/ing

along the &ositi6e local H or direction. The data ite,s are e=&lained belo5.

Dire&ti(0 (7 Pressure !H: ! and !J re&resent the global H: and J direction along

5hich the &ressure ,a/ be a&&lied. ocal J indicates that the &ressure is a&&lied nor,al to

the ele,ent in the local J direction. Enter the &ressure intensit/ 41 at the lo5est local

coordinate location FstartG and the intensit/ 42 at the highest local coordinate location FendG:

Start and End are dened basd on the &ositi6e direction o$ the local H;a=is or local ;a=is.



Variati(0 al(0% ele,e0t Dene the direction in 5hich the &ressure 6aries as either the

local H ot direction or 'hoose the Boint o&tion: 5hich is discussed ne=t.

?(i0t 'hec7 the Boint o&tion to a&&l/ di0erent 6alue o$ &ressure at di0erent nodes o$ the

&late ele,ent. When chec7ed: the dialog bo= 5ill change as sho5n belo5. A&&l/ di0erent

6alues o$ &ressure in the edit bo=es $or the di0erent nodes.

y$r(stati&: To ,odel loads due to h/drostatic &ressure on one or ,ore adBacent ele,ents:

select the /drostatic tab. The h/dorstatic load is con6erted to Tra&e-oidal loads on the

ele,ents. The load is a&&lied o6er the entire area o$ the ele,ent. The data ite,s are

e=&lained belo5

=(r&e Enter the 6alue o$ the load at the ,ini,u, and ,a=i,u, global a=is in current

units. 4or e=a,&le: to ,odel a retaining 5all 5ith soil &ressure: W1 is the $orce at the

botto, o$ the 5all and W2 is the $orce at the to& o$ the 5all.

0terp(late al(0% l(bal A+is S&eci$/ the global a=is FH: or JG along 5hich the load

6ar/ $ro, W1 to W2. 4or e=a,&le: the load 5ould 6ar/ along the a=is on a 6ertical

retaining 5all.

Sele&t Plate!s" nli7e the load denition o&tions: 5e ,ust select &lateFsG $or this o&tion

to beca,e acti6e. 'lic7 on this button to select &lateFsG. 'lic7 on the Select Plates button. A

dialog bo= 5ill a&&ear. Select all the &lates o$ a 5all on 5hich 5e 5ish to a&&l/ h/drostatic

load. 'lic7 on Done. The h/drostatic dialog bo= 5ill re;a&&ear.

Dire&ti(0 (7 pressure S&eci$/ the direction o$ design &ressure as ocal J a=is or global

a=es F!H: ! or !JG and clic7 on Add. This 5ill assign a linearl/ 6ar/ing h/drostatic load onall the selected ele,ents.

*le,e0t ?(i0t /(a$: To s&eci$/ a 6ar/ing &ressure at each Boint on a &late: select the

Ele,ent oint oad o&tion. The data ite,s are e=&lained belo5.



?(i0t /(a$ Data 'hoose Three )oded 4acet 4our )oded 4acet de&ending on 5hether

the &late ele,ent is 3 noded noded.

Dire&ti(0 The load ,a/ be a&&lied along the local J a=is or along one o$ the global H:

or J a=is F!H: !: !JG

A$$ A$ter dening a load: clic7 the Add button to add this under current load case in the

oads dialog bo=.

3)i0$ /(a$ e0erati(0

The 5ind load generation is a utilit/: 5hich ta7es &lace as an in&ut 5ind &ressure and heightranges o6er 5hich these &ressures act and generates nodal &oint and ,e,ber loads.

This $acilit/ is a6ailable $or t5o t/&es o$ structures

1. Panel t/&e or closed structures.

2. #&en structures.

'losest structures are ones li7e 5here non;structural entities li7e glass $acade: alu,iniu,sheets: ti,ber &anels or non;load bearing 5alls act as an obstruction to the 5ind. I$ theseentities are n and o$ included in the structural ,ode: the load generated because o$ 5indblo5ing against the, needs to be co,&uted. There$ore: the ste&s in6ol6ed in loadgeneration $or such structure are

1. Identi$/ the &anels regions circu,scribed b/ ,e,bers so that a &ol/gonal closedarea is $or,ed. The area ,a/ also be $or,ed bet5een the ground le6el along oneedge and ,e,bers along other.

2. 'alculate the &anel area and ,ulti&le it b/ 5ind &ressure.

3. 'on6ert the resulting $orce into nodal &oint loads.

Plates and solids are not considered in the calculation o$ the &anel area. #&enings 5ithin the&anels ,a/ be ,odeled 5ith the hel& o$ e=&osure $actors. An e=&osure $actors is associated5ith each Boint o$ the &anel can be reduced or increased.



#&en structures are those li7e trans,ission to5ers: in 5hich the region bet5een ,e,bers is@#&en allo5ing the 5ind to blo5 through it. The &rocedure $or load generation $or o&enstructures is

1. 'alculate the e=&osed area o$ the indi6idual ,e,bers o$ the ,odel.

2. "ulti&l/ that e=&osed area b/ the 5ind &ressure to arri6e at the $orce and a&&l/ the$orce on the indi6idual ,e,bers as a uni$or,l/ distributed load. It is assu,ed that all,e,bers o$ the structures 5ithin the s&ecied %angers are subBected to the &ressureand hence: the/ 5ill all recei6e the load. The conce&t o$ ,e,bers on the Wind5ardside shielding the ,e,bers in the inside regions o$ their structures does not e=ist $oro&en structures.

At a large structure ,a/ consist o$ hundreds o$ &anel and ,e,bers: the user 5ith the hel&o$ this $acilit/ can a6oid a considerable a,ount o$ 5or7 in calculating the loads.

The 5ind load ,enu o&tion allo5s the user to dene the &ara,eters $or auto,aticgeneration o$ 5ind loads on the structure.

STAAD.Pro V8i is no5 ca&able o$ generating the 5ind &ressure &role $or a structure inaccordance 5ith the AS'E;M;N( as 5ell as the AS'E;M;K2 codes. The &ressure &role is thetable o$ 6alues o$ 5ind intensit/ 6ersus height abo6e ground.

The calculated &ressure ,a/ then be a&&lied on the structure to co,&ute loads on the,e,ber using the in;built &rogra,<s 5ind load generation algorith, $or the closed as 5ellas o&en;lattice t/&e structures.

When the 5ind load +C+ o$ ,/ ,enu o&tion is selected: the ne5 5ind t/&e dialog bo=a&&ears: as sho5n belo5.



Enter the QT/&e )o.< 5hich denotes the nu,ber b/ 5hich the 5ind load t/&e 5ill beidentied. "ulti&le 5ind t/&es can be created in the sa,e ,odel. 'lic7 on the A$$ button5ithin this dialogue bo= and then clic7 on &l(se.

The ne5l/ created TPE 1 5ind denition 5ill a&&ear underneath 5ind in the /(a$ dialogue.

Select the TPE 1 na,e in the tree control and clic7 on the A$$ button. The dialogue bo=

sho5n belo5 5ill &ro,&t $or the &ressure &role $or this 5ind denition.

As 5e said earlier: the &ressure &role is the table o$ 5ind intensit/ 6ersus height abo6eground. I$ 5e 7no5 that: that in$or,ation can be t/&ed into the bo= abo6e.

To calculate the 5ind intensit/: use the $ollo5ing $or,ula $ro, IS 8M(;Part 3.

V- Vb 71 72 73 and &- K.* V-2

5here: V- Design 5ind s&eed at an/ height

Vb +ase 5ind s&eed.

71 &robabilit/ $actor.

7 terrain: height and structure si-e $actor.



73 and to&ogra&h/ $actor.

&- design 5ind &ressure.

*+p(sure:

The e=&osure tab is used to ,odi$/ the in>uence area o$ 5ind load associated 5ith &articular Boints in the structure. +/ de$ault: the e=&osure $actor is 1.K: thus the 5ind $orce is a&&liedon the $ull in>uence area associated the Boints. 'lic7 on Add to add this load under thecurrent load case in the load dialogue bo=.

4Assi%0i0% )i0$ /(a$

This tab allo5s the user to a&&l/ &re6iousl/ created 5ind load t/&e on the structures through

the ,eans o$ a load case. I$ the ,odel alread/ contains &re6iousl/ dened 5ind load cases:

a dialogue bo= rese,bling the one sho5n 5ill a&&ear.



Sele&t type:

'hoose a &re6iousl/ dened 5ind load t/&e $ro, the dro& do5n list.

Dire&ti(0:

S&eci$/ the global direction in 5hich the 5ind load is to be generated b/ clic7ing the H: J: ;H

or J radio button. When 5ind is generated in H direction: the 5ind load is a&&lied on the

near side and 5hen H is chosen the load is a&&lied on the $ar side. !eneration in J or J

also 5or7s the sa,e 5a/.

=a&t(r:

S&eci$/ the $actor to ,ulti&l/ the calculated 5ind loads.

Ope0 stru&ture:

+/ de$ault: the load generation is based on the assu,&tion that the region bet5een

,e,bers is co6ered b/ &anels. To generate loads on o&en structures li7e high5a/ signs or

trans,ission to5ers: s5itch on this bo=. The ,e,bers are selected and H is used and the

$actor is &ositi6e: then the e=&osed sur$ace $acing in the H direction 5ill be loaded in the

&ositi6e H direction. I$ H and a negati6e $actor: then the e=&osed sur$ace $acing in the H

direction 5ill be loaded in the negati6e = direction. I$ H is entered and a &ositi6e $actor: then

the e=&osed sur$aces $acing in the H direction 5ill be loaded the &ositi6e H direction.



Chapter- 5:

1. Anal/sis

2. 'oncrete Design

3. Ti,e istor/ Anal/sis

A0alysis

STAAD.Pro V8i o0ers STAAD engine $or general &ur&oses structural anal/sis and design. The

,odelling ,ode o$ STAAD en6iron,ent is used to &re&are structural in&ut data. A$ter the

anal/sis is &er$or,ed: used the ,enu o&tion =ile→ Vie→ Output =ile→ STAAD Output

to 6ie5 the out&ut les.

The STAAD Anal/sis engine &er$or, anal/sis and design si,ultaneousl/. o5e6er: to carr/

out the design: the design &ara,eters too ,ust be s&ecied along 5ith the geo,etr/:

&ro&erties: etc. +e$ore /ou &er$or, the anal/sis. Also: note that /ou can change the designcode to be $ollo5ed $or design and the code chec7 be$ore &er$or,ing the anal/sisdesign.

Per7(r, a0alysis:

To do the anal/sis ,ust be need to add the co,,and $ro, C(,,a0$s→ A0alysis→

Per7(r, a0alysisK

This allo5ed the user to s&eci$/ the instructions $or the t/&e o$ anal/sis to be &er$or,ed

using STAAD engine. In addition: this co,,and ,a/ be used to &rint 6arious anal/sis;

related data such as load in$or,ation: statics chec7 in$or,ation: ,ode sha&es etc.

The anal/sis ,enu o0ers se6eral sub ,enu o&tions. When /ou select one o$ the anal/sis

co,,ands: /ou ,a/ s&eci$/ the anal/sis;related data to be &rinted in the STAAD out&ut

F.A)G le b/ selecting the &rint o&tion radio buttons: e=&lained belo5

/(a$ $ata: &rint all the load data.

Stati&s &he&': &ro6ides su,,ation o$ the a&&lied load and su&&ort reaction as 5ell as

su,,ation o$ ,o,ent o$ load and reactions ta7en around the origin.

Stati&s l(a$: &rint e6er/thing that statics chec7 does and su,,ation o$ all internal and

e=ternal $orces at each Boint.









@($e shapes: &rint ,ode sha&es 6alues at the Boints or are calculated ,ode sha&es.

#(th: this o&tion is e9ui6alent to the load data &lus statics chec7 o&tion.

All: this o&tion is e9ui6alent to load data &lus statics data.

Ru0 A0alysis:

The Anal/sis is &er$or,ed under the co,,ands under the anal/se ,enu in the "odelling

"ode. Select the %un Anal/sis o&tion to &er$or, Anal/sisDesign.

The Anal/sis Status dialog bo= a&&ears

This dialog bo= dis&la/s the status o$ the anal/sis &rocess. I$ an error occurs during the

anal/sis: the abo6e dialog bo= dis&la/s the error ,essage.

Vie Output =ile: it 5ill in6o7e the STAAD 6ie5er 5ith the anal/sis results &resented in a

te=tual $or,at.

( t( P(st Pr(&essi0% @($e: it 5ill ta7e /ou to the STAAD.Pro Post &rocessor 5here /ou

can gra&hicall/.



I,&ortant Para,eters To +e dened Are !i6en +elo5

Para,eter )a,e De$ault Value Descri&tion

4' 2(KKK R),,2

'oncrete /ield strength.4"AI) 1(KKK R),,2 ield stress $or ,ain rein$orcing steel.

4SE' 1(KKK R),,2 ield stress $or secondar/ rein$orcing steel.

"AH"AI) *K ,, "a=i,u, ,ain rein$orce,ent bar si-e.

"AHSE' 12 ,, "a=i,u, secondar/ rein$orce,ent bar si-e.

"I)"AI) 1K,, "ini,u, ,ain rein$orce,ent bar si-e.

"I)SE' 8 ,, "ini,u, secondar/ rein$orce,ent bar si-e.

*. )o5 'lic7 C(,,a0$s button: Desi%0 C(,,a0$s dialog bo= a&&ears.

M. 'lic7 A$$ button to add the &ara,eters: then assign the co,,ands to the res&ecti6e,e,bers.



8. Assign the DESI!) +EA" to the ,e,bers &arallel to H and J direction.

• 'lic7 Sele&t→ #ea, Parallel T( H

• 'lic7 Sele&t→ #ea, Parallel T( L

N. Assign the DESI!) '#") to the ,e,bers &arallel to direction.

• 'lic7 Sele&t→ #ea, Parallel T( J

1K. Then %un Anal/sis: the result &ro6ide the suitable concrete design $or the structure.

)#TE A$ter the anal/sis: double clic7 the ,e,ber o$ the structure: it sho5 the concretedesign: i$ the concrete design o$ the ele,ent is ,issing: then it is said to unsa$e.



Ti,e ist(ry A0alysis

Ti,e histor/ anal/sis is an ad6anced ,ethod o$ d/na,ic anal/sis. It has an abilit/ to

incor&orate har,onic $orcing $unctions that can be described b/ sinusoidal cur6es 5ith a

s&ecied arri6al ti,e: $re9uenc/: a,&litude and duration.

Dene Ti,e istor/ Dialog

sed to dene the 4orcing 4unction o$ a ti,e 6ar/ing load.

'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ /(a$i0%→ De0iti(0s→ Ti,e ist(ry→ =(r&i0% =u0&ti(0s is

selected or The AddU button is clic7ed in the oad C Denition dialog $ound on the !eneral

oad C Denition &age.

0te%rati(0 Ti,e Step:

Solution ti,e ste& used in the ste&;b/;ste& integration o$ the uncou&led e9uations.

Type:

This re$ers to the nu,ber o$ the t/&e o$ $unctions.

/(a$i0% type:



Select the Acceleration: 4orce or "o,ent o&tion to dene the t/&e o$ $unctions being in&ut.

Sae:

Select this o&tion to create an e=ternal le containing the histor/ o$ dis&lace,ents o$ e6er/

node o$ the structure at e6er/ ti,e ste&.

=u0&ti(0 Opti(0s:

Dene Ti,e VS loading t/&eX

sed to s&eci$/ a ti,e histor/ $orcing $unction: 5here the loading t/&e is that selected

abo6e. S&eci$/ the 6alues Ti,e and corres&onding 4orce or Acceleration. The ti,e histor/

$unction is &lotted on the botto, o$ the dialog as data &airs are entered.

ar,(0i&:

Cure Shape:

S&eci$/ i$ the har,onic $unction is a SI)E or '#SI)E cur6e.

=re;ue0&y (r RP@:

'hoose 4re9uenc/ and enter circular $re9uenc/ in c/cles &er second or %P" and enter

re6olutions &er ,inute.



A,plitu$e:

"a=. A,&litude $orcing $unction in current units.

Phase:

Phase angle in degrees.

Cy&les:

)o.o$ c/cles o$ loading.

Step (7 Sub Di:

'hoose the ste& o&tion to ti,e ste& o$ loading SubDi6 to sub di6ide a 1 c/cle into this

,an/ integer ti,e ste&s.

Spe&tru,:

Select this 4unction #&tion to &ro6ide s&ectru, &ara,eters $or /our ti,e histor/ loading.

Ti,e istor/ Para,eters Dialog

Ti,e Step:

S&eci$/ a solution ti,e ste& to be used in the ste&;b/;ste& integration o$ the uncou&led

e9uations.

Da,pi0%:

The $ollo5ing o&tions are a6ailable $or s&eci$/ing da,&ing

Da,pi0%;this is to be used $or s&eci$/ing a single ,odel da,&ing ratio 5hich 5ill be a&&lied

to all ,ode. The de$ault 6alue is K.K(.



CDA@P i$ a da,&ing ratio has alread/ been s&ecied under '#)STA)TS based on the

t/&e o$ ,aterial in the structure: the 6alue ,a/ be used directl/ in ti,e histor/ anal/sis.

'hec7 this o&tion $or that &ur&ose.

@DA@P 5e 5ish to utilise indi6idual da,&ing ratios $or indi6idual ,odes: that is achie6ed

through the ,eans o$ the "DA"P o&tion. The rst ste& to doing this is the s&ecication o$

those indi6idual da,&ing ratios: as e=&lained under section (.2* .3 o$ the STAAD technical

re$erence ,anual and is done gra&hicall/ $ro, the co,,and;dene da,&ing ,enu. I$ this

rst ste& has been co,&leted: the instruction to utilise "DA"P done b/ selecting this o&tion

sho5n abo6e.

Arrial ti,e:

s&eci$/ 6alues o$ &ossible arri6al ti,es o$ the 6arious d/na,ic load t/&es. The arri6al ti,e is

the ti,e at 5hich the load t/&e begins to act at a Boint or at the base o$ the structure. The

sa,e load ,a/ ha6e di0erent arri6al ti,es $or di0erent Boint and hence all these 6alues

,ust be s&ecied here. The arri6al ti,e and ti,e $orce &airs for the load types are used to create the

load vector needed for each time step of the analysis.

Chapter- 6:

1. Introduction to 4E"

2. Plate

3. Sur$ace

. "eshing

0tr($u&ti(0 t( =*@

The 4inite Ele,ent "ethod F4E"G is a nu,erical techni9ue $or nding a&&ro=i,ate solution

o$ &artial di0erentiall/ e9uation FPDEG as 5ell as integral e9uation.

The nite ele,ent ,ethod is a good choice $or sol6ing &artial di0erential e9uations ,ore

co,&licated the do,ains: 5hen the do,ains changes: 5hen the desired &recision 6aries

o6er the entire do,ains: or 5hen the solution lac7s s,oothness.

The nal ele,ent ,ethod originated $ro, the need $or sol6ing co,&le= elasticit/ and

structural anal/sis in ci6il and aeronautical engineering. Its de6elo&,ent can be traced bac7

to the 5or7 b/ Ale=ander renni7o0 and %ichard 'ourant. While the a&&roaches used b/ the

&ioneers are dra,aticall/ di0erent: the/ share one essential characteristic ,esh

discreti-ation o$ continuous do,ains into a set o$ the sub;do,ains: usuall/ called ele,ents.

The de6elo&,ent o$ nal ele,ent that began in the earnest in the ,iddle to late 1N(Ks $or

air$ra,e and structural anal/sis and gathered ,o,entu, at the ni6ersit/ o$ stuttgart

through the 5or7 o$ hon Arg/ris and at +er7ele/ through the 5or7 o$ %a/ W. 'lough in the

1N*Ks $or use in ci6il engineering. +/ late 1N(Ks: the 7e/ conce&t o$ sti0ness ,atri= and











ele,ent so$t5are )AST%A) in 1N*(. The ,ethod 5as &ro6ided 5ith rigourous ,athe,atical

$oundation in 1NMK 5ith the &ublication o$ strang and 4i=<s<An anal/sis o$ the nite ele,ent

,ethod has since been generalised into a branch a&&lied ,athe,atics $or nu,erical

,odelling o$ &h/sical s/ste, in a 5ide 6ariet/ o$ engineering disci&lines.

Plate

A$$ Plate:

This o&tion allo5s /ou to Triangular or Yuadrilateral &late ele,ents b/ connecting e=istingnodes. To add 9uadrilateral &late: select Yuad $ro, the sub;,enu. 4or triangular &lates:select Triangle $ro, the sub;,enu . The cursor changes to Yuad &late or Triangular Plate

sha&es. To create ne5 ele,ents: si,&l/ clic7 on the e=isting nodes in the right se9uence. Arubber banded area sho5s the boundar/ o$ the &late being generated.

Set 9e Plate Attribute:

Si,ilar to the @ Set )e5 "e,ber Attribute co,,and in 5hich the user is in can dene the&ro&ert/: ,aterial and releases to each ne5 &late ele,ent as it is created: has beenintroduced.

In order to dene the attributes $or &late ele,ent be$ore the/ are created: goto e(,etry→ A$$ Plate → Set 9e Plate Attributes $ro, the ,ain ,enu.



A dialogue bo= 5ill &ro,&t $or 6arious attributes o$ the &late to be &re;dened. A su,,ar/o$ a s&ecic attributes are dened in the table belo5.

#utt(0 =u0&ti(0

'reate )e5 Pro&ert/ Pro,&ts the &late thic7nessdialogue bo= that the thic7nesso$ the &late at each o$ theco,,on node can be dened.

'reate )e5 "aterial Dened the 6arious ,aterial&ro&erties o$ the &lateincluding &oison ratio: ,oduluso$ elasticit/: shear ,odulus:etc.



(. 'lic7 Thic7ness button: no5 the Plate Ele,ent Sur$ace Pro&ert/ dialog bo= a&&ears:

5here /ou add di0erent t/&es o$ ,e,ber &ro&erties o$ &late and sur$ace ele,ent.

*. T/&e res&ecti6e 6alue o$ thic7ness $or the &late ele,ent. 'lic7 Add button.

M. )o5 clic7 Select ,enu→ Plate cursor.

8. )o5 select the &lates and select the radio button Assign to selected &lates and clic7Assign button.



3. Place the sur$ace b/ clic7ing the node &oints and nall/ clic7 the node &oint 5here begin.

. As usual dene the &ro&ert/ $or sur$ace. T/&e the res&ecti6e thic7ness 6alue $or sur$ace,e,ber.

(. )o5 Assign the ,e,ber &ro&ert/ to the sur$ace b/ selecting the sur$aces using the

sur$ace cursor.



$or this $acilit/ to be enabled. sing the Plate 'ursor: 'lic7 the right ,ouse button on theele,ent and select !enerate "esh. Alternati6el/ select the e(,etry ,e0u→ e0eratePlate @esh

I$ the ele,ent being ,eshed is triangular: the &ol/gonal ,esh $eature described in the&re6ious section 5ill auto,aticall/ beco,e acti6ated. I$ the ele,ent is 9uadrilateral: the

user ha6e to choose bet5een &ol/gonal and 9uadrilateral ,eshing.

1. Select the &late ele,ent: right clic7 in the selected ele,ent.

2. 'lic7 !enerate Plate "eshing. )o5 the "eshing t/&e dialog bo= a&&ears.

3. 'hoose the t/&e o$ ,eshing: 'lic7 Pol/gonal "eshing and clic7 #R

. )o5 the Dene "esh %egion dialog bo= a&&ears: user ha6e to dene the boundar/ o$ the,eshing sur$ace. 'lic7 #R button.



1. Desgin #$ Slab

2. Design #$ #ne Wa/ Slab

3. Design #$ T5o Wa/ Slab

. Design#$ Staircase

(. Design o$ +ridge using STAAD.+ea6a

Slab Desi%0

Slabs are the i,&ortant structural co,&onent 5here the &re;stressing is a&&lied. Withincrease in the de,and $or $ast trac7: econo,ical and eOcient construction: &re;stressedslabs are beco,ing &o&ular. The slabs are &resented in t5o grou&s are

•

#ne 5a/ slabs

• T5o 5a/ slabs

A slab is &re;stressed $or the $ollo5ing benets. 1. Increased s&an;to;de&th ratio T/&ical6alues o$ s&an;to;de&th ratios in slabs are gi6en belo5.

• )on;&re;stressed slab 281

• Prestressed slab (1

2. %eduction in sel$ 5eight. 3. Section re,ains uncrac7ed under ser6ice loads 5hich

increases durabilit/. . Yuic7 release o$ $or,5or7 5hich hel& $or $ast construction. (.%eduction in $abrication o$ rein$orce,ent. *. "ore >e=ibilit/ in acco,,odating late designchanges.

Desi%0 (7 O0e G )ay Slab

O0e G )ay Slab:

%ectangular slabs can be di6ided into t5o grou&s based on the su&&ort condition and length;to;breadth ratios. The one;5a/ are identied as $ollo5s

1. When a rectangular slab is su&&orted on all the $our edges and length;to;breadthF+G ratio e9ual to or greater than t5o: the slab is considered to be a one;5a/;slab. The slab s&ans &redo,inantl/ in the direction &arallel to the shorter edge.

2. 5hen a rectangular slab is su&&orted onl/ on t5o o&&osite edges: it is a one;5a/ slabs&anning in the direction &er&endicular to the edges. Precast &lan7s $all in this grou&.

A slab in a $ra,ed building can be a one;5a/ slab de&ending u&on its length;to;breadthratio. A one;5a/ is designed $or s&anning direction onl/. 4or the trans6erse direction: a













,ini,u, a,ount o$ rein$orce,ent is &ro6ided. A slab under >e=ural beha6ior li7e a bea,.#ne;5a/ slabs are anal/sed and designed $or s&anning direction si,ilar to the rectangularbea,s. A slab o$ uni$or, thic7ness subBected to a bending ,o,ent uni$or,l/ distributedo6er its 5idth. Although a one ,eter 5ide stri& o$ the slab is considered as a bea, $or theanal/sis and design $or >e=ural strength: there is a di0erence bet5een the bea, and slab as$ollo5s.

When a bea, bends: the &ortion o$ the section abo6e the neutral a=is is under co,&ressionand hence subBected to a lateral condition. ence a$ter bending: the cross;section: 5illstrictl/ not be a rectangular: but nearl/ a tra&e-oidal.

In the case o$ a one;5a/ slab: $or a design stri&: such lateral dis&lace,ents and strains are&re6ented b/ the re,ainder o$ the slab on either side i.e it retains the rectangular sha&ea$ter e6en a$ter bending. The nal design in6ol6es the chec7ing o$ the stresses in concreteat trans$er and under ser6ice loads 5ith res&ect to the allo5able stresses. The allo5ablestresses de&end on the t/&e o$ slab. During the design: the rein$orced bars are usuall/s&aced uni$or,l/ o6er the 5idth o$ the slab.

Desi%0 Steps 0 STAADPr( V8i:

1. 'reate a ,e,ber to re&resent the slab.

2. Assign the suitable su&&ort to both ends.

3. Assign the 'ross section &ro&erties.

. Assign the load as $ollo5s

• Dead oad.

1. Sel$5eight

2. ni$or,l/ Distributed oad to re&resent the >oor nish

• i6e oad

1. ni$or, Distributed oad

• 'o,bination oad as &er IS (*.

Desi%0 O7 T( G )ay Slab

I$ a concrete slab is su&&orted b/ a bea,s along all $our edges and rein$orced 5ith steel barsarranged &er&endicularl/: it is 7no5n as t5o;5a/ slab. In other 5ords: slab &anels thatde$or, 5ith signicant cur6ature in t5o orthogonal directions ,ust be designed as t5o;5a/slabs: 5ith the &rinci&le rein$orce,ent &laced in the t5o directions.

In general: t5isting ,o,ents de6elo& in addition to bending ,o,ents in a t5o;5a/ slabele,ent: e=ce&t 5hen the ele,ent is oriented along the &rinci&al cur6atures. These t5isting,o,ents can beco,e signicant at &oints along the slab diagonals



)all Supp(rte$ VS #ea, Supp(rte$ Slabs:

The distributed load on the t/&ical t5K;5a/ slab is trans,itted &artl/ along the short to thelong edge su&&orts and &artl/ along the long s&an to the short s&an su&&orts. In 5all;su&&orted &anels: these &ortions o$ the load are trans,itted b/ the res&ecti6e 5all su&&ortsdirectl/ to their $oundations 6erticall/ belo5. The design considerations o$ de>ection control

criteria.

In bea,;su&&orted &anels: the &ortion o$ the load trans,itted b/ the slab in an/ onedirection is in turn trans,itted b/ the bea, in the &er&endicular direction to the t5osu&&orting colu,ns. Slabs su&&orted b/ bea,s beha6e di0erentl/: 5hen co,&ared to slabssu&&orted on 5alls: because o$ the in>uence o$ the $ollo5ing $actors.

• De>ections in the su&&orting bea,s.

• Torsion in the su&&orting bea,s.

• Dis&lace,ents in the su&&orting bea,s.

Desi%0 Steps i0 STAADPr(:

1. 'reate the $ra,e ,odel o$ the structure.

2. se the Para,etric "odelling to nd the o&ti,isation si-e o$ the ele,ents.

3. Assign the su&&orts.

. Assign the Pri,ar/ and 'o,bination oads.

(. Do the anal/sis and design.

Desi%0 O7 Stair&ase

Staircase is a 6ital ele,ent o$ a building &ro6iding entree to di0erent >oors and roo$ o$ thebuilding. It co,&rises o$ a >ight o$ ste&s and one or ,ore ,id5a/ landing slabs in the,iddle o$ the >oor le6els. Architectural thoughts including aesthetics: structural $easibilit/and $unctional desires are ,aBor characteristics to select a s&ecic t/&e o$ the staircase.#ther &ersuading &ara,eters $or the selection o$ lighting: 6entilation: co,$ort: accessibilit/:s&ace etc.

The co,,on ter,inologies used in staircase are

• Tread The hori-ontal to& &ortion o$ a ste& 5here $oot rests is called as tread. Thedi,ension 6aries $ro, 2MK ,, $or residential buildings and $actories to 3KK ,, $or&ublic buildings 5here large nu,ber o$ &ersons use the staircase.

• %iser The 6ertical distance bet5een t5o successi6e ste&s is called as riser. Thedi,ension o$ the riser 6aries $ro, 1(K ,, $or &ublic buildings to 1NK ,, $orresidential buildings and $actories.



STAAD#eaa

The general &hiloso&h/ go6erning the design o$ bridges is that: subBect to set o$ loading

rules and constraints: the 5orst e0ects due to load a&&lication should be established anddesigned. The &rocess o$ load a&&lication can be co,&le= as go6erning rules can i,&oseinter;de&endent &ara,eter such as loaded length on a lane: lane $actors and load intensit/. To obtain the ,a=i,u, design e0ects: engineers ha6e to tr/ ,an/ loading situations on atrial and error basis.

This leads to the generation o$ ,an/ li6e load a&&lication instances and a large 6olu,e o$out&ut data that has to be co,bined 5ith dead load e0ects as 5ell. In 6ie5 o$ the abo6e: aco,&uter &rogra, has been de6elo&ed to ,ini,i-e the load a&&lication &rocess 5hileco,&l/ing 5ith national code re9uire,ents.

sers can a6oid trial and error a&&roach and eli,inate an/ &ossible errors arising $ro,inaccuracies associated 5ith it. This &rogra, is based on the use o$ in>uence sur$ace $or agi6en e0ect on a bridge dec7 relates its 6alue to ,o6e,ent o$ a unit load o6er the area o$interest. The in>uence sur$ace is a three di,ensional $or, o$ an in>uence line $or a single,e,ber.

STAAD.Pro V8i 5ill auto,aticall/ generates in>uence sur$aces $or e0ects such as bending,o,ents $or ele,ents: de>ection in all degree o$ $reedo, o$ nodes and su&&ort reaction. The engineer 5ill then instruct the &rogra, to utilise the rele6ant in>uence sur$aces and5ith due regards to code re9uire,ents: o&ti,ise load &ositions to obtain the ,a=i,u,desired e0ects.

#nce the in>uence sur$aces ha6e been generated: the/ are sa6ed and can be used $or an/$urther in6estigation that ,a/ be re9uires. This 5ill re,ain 6alid as long as the user has not

altered the structural ,odel. 'hanges to the structural ,odel can alter the &attern o$ thein>uence sur$aces and the user ,ust ensure that a $urther run ta7es &lace be$ore an/$urther &rocessing.

The Engineer<s 7no5ledge and Budge,ent is critical in deciding 5hich e0ects are re9uiredand at 5hich &osition to obtain the,. This is 5here users can sa6e lot o$ &rocessing ti,e andcan ensure critical &ositions are not ,issed. The current 6ersions o$ +ridge EngineeringAuto,ated Vehicle A&&lication F+.E.A.V.AG su&&orts the R +S(KK &art2: A,erican AAST#and Indian I%' *2KKK standards.



All the rele6ant code instructions $or loading denitions and traOc lane calculations areinco&orated in +EAVA and in case 5here 6ehicle a=le arrange,ents are not standard: it is&ossible to dene a 6ehicle and sa6e it in librar/ $or use it in anal/sis. +EAVA is $ull/integrated in STAAD.Pro and utilises the !I $or all in&ut data.

The user denes the 5idth o$ the carriage5a/ as straight or cur6ed &arallel lines: +EAVAthen auto,aticall/ calculates the $ollo5ing in accordance 5ith selected code

• )u,ber o$ )otional anes

• In>uence lines along the center line o$ notional lanes.

• oaded length along the lanes.

• 'ritical location o$ uni$or,l/ distributed load.

• 'ritical location o$ 7ni$e edge load.

• "a=i,u, e0ect 6alue.

• Associates e0ects 6alues.

oading arrange,ents $or the e0ects re9uested can be dis&la/ed on the ,odel and $ore6er/ loading arrange,ents are &roduced: the user can instruct the &rogra, to generate aSTAAD.Pro load case. The added li6e load cases can be co,bined 5ith dead loads i in thenor,al 5a/ o$ STAAD.Pro load co,bination generation. The nal ,odel can then analsed inSTAAD.Pro and then &ost;&rocessed.

To a6oid ineOcient use o$ the &rogra,: it is reco,,ended that the $ollo5ing ste&s be ta7en

in the order suggested.



• 'reate the structural ,odel including ,e,ber &ro&erties and su&&ort conditions.

• 4ro, the "ode ,enu select +ridge Dec7 Pre;&rocessor note that i$ /our securit/de6ice is not &rogra,,ed $or this ,odule /ou 5ill not be able to &roceed.

• The ,enu bar has been ,odied to sho5 Dec7 and Vehicle.

• Select the ele,ents,e,bers that dene the dec7 area o$ ,odel.

• 4ro, Dec7 ,enu: select 'reate Dec7 to dene the dec7.

• 4ro, Dec7 ,enu: select In>uence Sur$ace generator. This 5ill start anal/sis&rocedure to create the in>uence sur$aces.

• 4ro, Dec7 ,enu: select Dene 'arriage5a/ and dene either a straight or a cur6edcarriage5a/.

•

4ro, Dec7 ,enu select oad !enerator. Proceed to select the re9uired in&ut: onco,&letion: select #R. The loading &rogra, is no5 engaged and 5ill calculate all there9uires loading arrange,ents that lead to ,a=,in e0ects /ou ha6e re9uest. #nco,&letion: a te=t le 5ill be dis&la/ed on the screen containing the loadingarrange,ents: 5hich /ou can no5 dis&la/ gra&hicall/.

• 4or each e0ect re9uested dis&la/ the loading arrange,ents and e=a,ine thecorrectness.

• 4or each e0ect re9uested: select 'reate oading in STAAD "odel $ro, Dec7 ,enu.

• A$ter all load cases ha6e created: $ro, "ode ,enu select "odelling and return to

carr/ on 5ith other load generates and co,binations.

• Proceed 5ith anal/sis and &ost &rocessing in the usual 5a/.

o5 To Design A +ridge +/ sing +ridge Dec7 Pre&rocessor

#ri$%e De&' Prepr(&ess(r #y Msi0% STAAD#eaa

Desi%0 Pr(&e$ure =(r #ri$%e De&' Prepr(&ess(r:

1. 'reate the bridge ,odel 5hich co,&rises o$ 'olu,ns: +ea,s and !irders.

2. Assign the Pinned su&&ort to the colu,ns.





3. se the !eo,etr/ ,enu→ !enerate Sur$ace "eshing to create the bridge dec7 as $ollo5s.

• "esh t/&e Yuadrilateral

• )u,ber o$ di6ision along length M(

• )u,ber o$ di6ision along 5idth 1*



. )o5 t/&e the 6alues and clic7 A&&l/. "odel a&&ears li7e as sho5n belo5.

(. Assign the "e,ber &ro&erties and S&ecications $or the ele,ents

• 'olu,n 'ircular 'ross Section 5ith 1 ,eter dia in concrete.

• +ea, &arallel the H and J direction %ectangular 'ross Section 5ith K.( , = K.( ,in concrete.

• Plate Ele,ents K.3 , Thic7ness in concrete.

• "e,ber #0set Decide the suitable ,e,ber o0sets as &er the cross sectiondi,ensions.



*. Add a &ri,ar/ load case 5ith Dead oad t/&e and assign the Sel$5eight $or all theele,ents.

M. Per$or, Anal/sis and %un Anal/sis. )ote the node id: 5hich has the ,a=i,u,dis&lace,ent due to load.

8. 'lic7 "ode ,enu→ +ridge Dec7 Pre&rocessor.



N. Select all the &lates.

1K. 'lic7 De&' ,e0u→ Create De&' : na,e the dec7.

11. 'lic7 the /(a$i0% ,enu→ Ru0 0Nue0&e e0erat(r. It ta7es so,eti,es to co,&letethe anal/sis o6er the &lates ele,ents.

11. 'lic7 the /(a$i0% ,enu→ 0Nue0&e Dia%ra,K 'hec7 the diagra, $or all theele,ents.



1. 'lic7 #7. )o5 /ou can get the ,odel 5ith the corres&onding lanes.

1(. 'lic7 Vehi&le ,enu→ Vehi&le Database )o5 Vehicle Database dialog bo= a&&ears.



1*. Select the suitable I%' Vehicle $or /our design. 'lic7 #7.

1M. 'lic7 /(a$i0% ,enu→ Ru0 /(a$ e0erat(rK

• i,it lti,ate

• Design 'ode I%' 'ha&ter 3

• oading T/&e 'lass MK% oading

• Enter the )ode Dis&lace,ent Values



18. 'lic7 #7. )o5 auto,aticall/ it 5ill generate result 6alues in note&ad.

1N. Veri$/ and close the note&ad.



2K. %ight clic7 in the 5indo5: select the Stru&tures Dia%ra,sK Select the %esults 6aluesand clic7 #R.



Chapter- : !Steel"

1. Design #$ Steel Structures

2. "e,ber S&ecication

Table "e,ber Pro&ert/

Desi%0 O7 Steel Stru&tures

STAAD.Pro V8i co,&rises an e=tensi6e set o$ acco,,odations $or designing steel structural,e,bers as indi6idual co,&onents o$ an anal/-ed structure. The ,e,ber design ser6ices&ro6ide the user 5ith the s7ill to carr/ out a nu,ber o$ di0erent design &rocedures. Theseser6ices ,a/ be used selecti6el/ in accord 5ith the necessities o$ the design &roble,. The&rocedures to &er$or, a design are

• Identi$/ the ,e,bers and the load cases to be considered in the design.

• Identi$/ 5hether to &er$or, code chec7ing or ,e,ber selection.

• Identi$/ design &ara,eter 6alues: i$ di0erent $ro, the de$ault 6alues.

Presentl/: STAAD.Pro V8i su&&orts steel design o$ 5ide >ange: S sha&e: " sha&e: P sha&es: T sha&e: I sha&e: angle: double angle: channel: double channel: &i&es: tubes: bea,s 5ithco6er &late and co,&osite bea,s.









Design Process $ollo5s the $ollo5ing design chec7s

1. Slenderness

2. Section 'lassication

3. Tension

. 'o,&ression

(. Shear

*. +ending

M. 'o,bined Interaction 'hec7

5hen a design is &er$or,ed: the out&ut le re&orts the ,a=i,u, ratio $ro, all the abo6e,entioned chec7s.

Indian Steel Design IS 8KK2KKM Para,eters

Para,eter 9a,e

De7ault Value

Des&ripti(0

4D 2(K "PA

ield strength o$ steel.

R 1.K

R 6alue in local /;a=is. suall/: thisis ,inor a=is.

RJ

1.K R 6alue in local -;a=is. suall/: thisis ,aBor a=is.

"e,ber ength ength in local /;a=is to calculateslenderness ratio.

J "e,ber ength Sa,e as abo6e e=ce&t in local -;a=is F,aBorG.

"AI)

18K

Allo5able Rlr $or slendernesscalculations $or co,&ression,e,bers.



)S4 1.K )et section $actor $or tension,e,bers.

%ATI# 1.K Per,issible ratio o$ the actual toallo5able stresses

T"AI) KK Allo5able Rlr $or slendernesscalculations $or tension ,e,bers.

T%A'R K K"ini,u, detail1inter,ediatedetail le6el2,a=i,u, detail

'"'"J K.8( $or sides5a/ andcalculated $or nosides5a/

', 6alue in local / C - a=es

D44 )oneF"andator/ $orde>ection chec7G

@De>ection ength "a=. allo5ablelocal de>ection

D1 Start ointo$ ,e,ber

oint )o. denoting starting &oint $orcalculation o$ @De>ection ength

D2 End oint o$ ,e,ber oint )o. denoting end &oint $or

calculation o$ @De>ection ength

@e,ber Spe&i&ati(0

Cable:

This co,,and ,a/ be used to ,odel a s&ecied set o$ ,e,bers as 'A+E ,e,bers. The

'A+E ,e,bers: in addition to elastic a=ial de$or,ation: are also ca&able o$ acco,,odatingthe sti0ness o$ initial tension due to static loads. The 'able ,enu o&tion under the

co,,ands ,enu→ "e,ber S&ecication allo5s the user to dene cable ,e,bers. When

/ou select the 'able ,enu o&tion: the "e,ber S&ecication dialog bo= a&&ears: as sho5n

belo5



Pro6ide either the Initial TE)SI#) in the cable as o $orce: or the nstressed E)!T o$ the

cable o$ the cable ,e,ber. 'lic7 the Add button to add this s&ecication to the structure or

clic7 Assign to assign the s&ecication to selected ,e,bers as 5ell as add this s&ecication

to the structure. The TE)SI#) s&ecied in the 'A+E ,e,ber is a&&lied on the structure as

an e=ternal load as 5ell as is used to ,odi$/ the sti0ness o$ the ,e,ber. The tension 6alue

,ust be &ositi6e to be treated as cable other5ise: it is a truss. I$ TE)SI#) or the 6alue is

o,itted a ,ini,u, tension 5ill be used.

This is truss ,e,ber but not a tension onl/ ,e,ber unless /ou also include this ,e,ber in

a "E"+E% TE)SI#) in&ut. )ote also that "e,ber releases are not allo5ed. The tension is a&reload and 5ill not be the nal tension in the cable a$ter the de$or,ation due to this

&reload.

Te0si(0EC(,pressi(0:

This co,,and ,a/ be used to designate certain ,e,ber as Tension onl/ or co,&ression

onl/ ,e,bers. The Tension #nl/ 'o,&ression #nl/ ,enu o&tion in the "e,ber

S&ecications ,enu allo5s the user to dene tension onl/ or co,&ression onl/ ,e,bers.

These ,e,bers are ca&able o$ carr/ing tensile $orces onl/.



'lic7 the Add button to add this s&ecication to the structure or clic7 Assign to assign the

s&ecication to selected ,e,bers as 5ell as add this s&ecication to the structure.

"E"+E% TE)SI#) K

This co,,and s5itches o0 A tensionco,&ression onl/ s&ecication $or load cases: 5hich

are s&ecied subse9uent to this co,,and: usuall/ entered a$ter a 'A)!E co,,and. Thereis no list associated 5ith this co,,and. ence: $or an/ $urther &ri,ar/ load cases: the

tensionco,&ression onl/ attributed is disabled $or A ,e,bers.

Tension onl/ ,e,ber are trusscable ,e,bers that are ca&able o$ carr/ing tensile $orces

onl/. Thus the/ are auto,aticall/ inacti6ated $or load cases that create co,&ression in the,.

'o,&ression onl/ ,e,bers that are ca&able o$ carr/ing co,&ressi6e $orces onl/. Thus: the/

are auto,aticall/ inacti6ated $or load cases that create tension in the,. "e,ber %eleases

are not allo5ed on ,e,bers 5ith this attribute.

The Procedure $or anal/sis o$ Tension onl/ or 'o,&ression onl/ ,e,bers re9uires iteration

$or e6er/ load cases and there$ore ,a/ be ,oderatel/ in6ol6ed. The user ,a/ also considerusing the I)A'TIVE s&ecication i$ the solution ti,e beco,es unacce&tabl/ high. I$ a

'A)!E co,,and is used: then the SET ) co,,and ,ust be used to con6e/ to STAAD

that ,ulti&le anal/ses and ,ulti&le structural conditions are in6ol6ed.



Table @e,ber Pr(perty

'lic7 'o,,ands→ "e,ber Pro&ert/→ Steel Table

This allo5s the user to choose steel sections $ro, the a6ailable in;built steel tables $ordi0erent countries. The Steel Table o&tion &ro6ides a sub;,enu that includes a6ailablecountries steel table t/&es. Select the countr/ $ro, this sub;,enu. Please note that thePro&erties dialog bo= also o&ens si,ultaneousl/ letting us utili-e so,e o$ the other o&tionsa6ailable $ro, the dialog bo=. A$ter choosing the countr/: the Steel Table dialog bo= a&&ears

as sho5n belo5



Select the t/&e o$ section b/ clic7ing on the a&&ro&riate tab and then select the s&ecicsection $ro, the list bo=. Please note that the t/&e o$ steel section a6ailable $or selection 5ill6ar/ de&ending on the selected countr/. In addiction: de&ending on the t/&e o$ section

selected: additional &ro&erties ,a/ be s&ecied. 'lic7 Add button to add this &ro&ert/ to thestructure or clic7 Assign to assign the &ro&ert/ to the selected ,e,bers as 5ell as add this&ro&ert/ to the structure.



'lic7 on the Vie5 Table button to dis&la/ all the a6ailable di,ensions in the acti6e database$or the sectional cross;section. This o&tion dis&la/s all ,e,ber &ro&erties $or the currentcountr/ steel table in a dialog bo= and &ro6ides the $eature to custo,i-e steel sectiondatabase.

ser is &ro6ided 5ith the $ollo5ing t5o o&tions in the dialog bo=

• Select Single Section Where user can select the section $or the structural ,e,ber

• Selection Sections to ProBect Database Where user can selectdeselect sections$ro, the Steel Table $or the s&ecied &roBect.

Chapter- 1.: !Seis,i& /(a$s )(r'e$ *+a,ples"

1. 'alculate )atural 4re9uenc/ o$ a +uiding +/ %es&onse S&ectru, Anal/sis

2. 'alculate )atural 4re9uenc/ o$ a +uilding +/ %a/leigh "ethod

3. 'alculate )atural 4re9uenc/ o$ a +uilding +/ "odal Sha&e

Cal&ulate 9atural =re;ue0&y (7 a #uil$i0% #y Resp(0se Spe&tru, A0alysis

Desi%0 Pr(&e$ure =(r Resp(0se Spe&tru, A0alysis:

1. #&en STAAD.Pro V8i.

2. 'lic7 9e Pr(<e&t and set the units as il( 9et(0 C @eter.

3. In STAAD.Pro: o&en Ru0 stru&ture i>ar$ in e(,etry ,enu→ Ru0 Stru&ture)i>ar$

. 'hange the "odel T/&e into 4ra,e "odel and select +a/ 4ra,e: no5 the Select Para,eterdialog a&&ears.

(.Set the &ara,eter o$ the structure as sho5n belo5.









*. 'lic7 =ile ,enu→ @er%e @($el ith STAADPr( @($el and &lace the ,odel at origin.

M. )o5 assign 4i=ed su&&ort to the structure.

8. Assign the "e,ber Pro&ert/ $or colu,n as DK.* , C JD K.* , and $or bea, DK.M( , C JD K.* ,.



N. )o5 /ou can see the ,odel in 3D %endering.

1K. )e=t oading &rocess: 'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ /(a$i0%→ De0iti(0s



11. Select Seis,ic Denitions and clic7 Add button.

12. )o5 Add )e5 Seis,ic Denitions dialog bo= a&&ears: in T/&e dro& do5n bo= select theres&ecti6e codes $or design. i.e IS 18N3 2KK22KK(

13. 'lic7 e0erate button: no5 the IS 18N3 Seis,ic Para,eter dialog bo= a&&ears.

• 'hoose the -one and it $actors:

• %es&onse %eduction $actor:

• I,&ortance 4actor:

• T/&e o$ Structure and



• "#L$%#&'() * + L&") ALL

• "#L$%#&'() , -+ L&") ALL

• "#L$%#&'() + L&") ALL

• $LOO/ LOA

• ,/AN'# 0 12 $LOA 3. '*

• ,/AN'# 0 12 $LOA 3. ',

• ,/AN'# 0 12 $LOA 3. '

• ,/AN'# 13 1 $LOA 3. '*

• ,/AN'# 13 1 $LOA 3. ',

• ,/AN'# 13 1 $LOA 3. '

• ,/AN'# 0 1 $LOA 3. '*

• ,/AN'# 0 1 $LOA 3. '*

• ,/AN'# 0 1 $LOA 3. '*

1N. )o5 /ou ha6e to assign the sel$ 5eight to structure b/ Assi%0 t( ie.

2K. Then add another load ite, Resp(0se Spe&tra as sho5n belo5.



21. Then 'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ @is&ella0e(us→ Cut OF @($e ShapeK "ode Sha&esValue is 1K.

22. 'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ A0alysis→ Per7(r, A0alysis Pri0t All

23. Then %un Anal/sis or &ress 'T% 4(.



2. %esult Values

Eigen Values 'alculated $re9uencies $or load case.

"ode Sha&e Values



2*. 'lic7 #7 button.



( T( Cal&ulate 9atural =re;ue0&y #y Raylei%h @eth($

Desi%0 Pr(&e$ure =(r Raylei%h @eth($:










8. Assign the "e,ber Pro&ert/ $or colu,n as DK.* , C JD K.* , and $or bea, DK.M( , C JD K.* ,: Plate Thicness K.1(,.




( T( Cal&ulate 9atural =re;ue0&y (7 a #uil$i0% #y @($al Shape

Desi%0 Pr(&e$ure =(r @($al Shape:










8. Assign the "e,ber Pro&ert/ $or colu,n as DK.* , C JD K.* , and $or bea, DK.M( , C JD K.* ,: Plate Thic7ness K.1(,.




1K. 'lic7 C(,,a0$s→ @is&ella0e(us→ Cut OF @($e Shape..

11. )o5 the 'ut #0 "ode Sha&e dialog bo= a&&ears. Enter the desired nu,ber o$ ,odes/ou 5ant. 'lic7 #7

12. Then add the $ollo5ing oad 'ases



1M. According to IS 18N3: "ass Partici&ation 4actors ,ust be atleast greater than NK.

18. Then 'hec7 the de>ection using Ani,ation co,,and.



. +/ using the Sna&)ode +ea, Add the ,e,bers and select the ,e,bers.

(. )o5 use the Translational %e&eat o&tion to build the structure.

*. Assign the res&ecti6e su&&ort $or the structure.





M. Assign the suitable ,e,ber &ro&ert/ $or the ,odel.

4or 'olu,n K.M( = K.M( ,

4or +ea, D K.*K JD K.K

8. )o5 o&en the structure in 3D rendering.



N. Then Wind Denition in oad 'ase.



1K. )o5 clic7 'alculate as &er AS'E;M button. )o5 the select res&ecti6e code and t/&e o$

building. 'lic7 #R



1(. Per$or, Anal/sis and %un Anal/sis.

1*. According to the result 6alues &ro6ide the suitable concrete design $or the structure.

1M. Again %un the Anal/sis.

18. )o5 /ou get the concrete design o$ the ele,ents.

1N. In Post Processing: ou can get the +ending "o,ent and Shear 4orce 6alues.



STAAD 4 TUTORIAL.docx

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