ST. XAVIER’S SCHOOLS-CHANDIGARH, PANCHKULA, MOHALI, ZIRAKPUR

Class-8 English Worksheet-5

TOPIC-TENSES (Present Tense....continuation)

3.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The Present perfect tense is used:-

-to express an action completed in the past but linked with the present

1.The traffic police have declared a heavy penalty for those who violate traffic.

-to express an action that began in the past and is continuing in the present

1. She has lived in this house for ten years.

-to express an action that has just been completed

1.She has just finished her project.

-to express past events for which the exact time is not given.

1. We have fulfilled our responsibility.

-to refer to news

1. The President has pardoned some convicted victims.

FORMULAS OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF

SENTENCES

Simple

sentence

S+ has/have+V3+O.

Negative

sentence

S+ has/have+not+V3+O.

Interrogative

sentence

Has/have+S+V3+O?

Negative

interrogative

sentence

Has/have+S+not+V3+O?

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

(Exercise 1)Fill in the blanks with present perfect tense:-

1. My friend _______(finish) reading the novel.

2. I ______(write) the letter and posted it.

3. The receptionist ________(write) down all the names in order.

4. Gaurav ______ (go)on an expedition.

5. They ___ (leave) for Haridwar by car.

6. I ____ (cut) my finger.

7. You _____ (won) the match.

8. She goes to her friend’s house. (negative)

__________________________________

9. He eats breakfast. (interrogative)

__________________________________

10. They go to the auditorium. (negative interrogative)

____________________________________

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

The Present perfect continuous tense is used

-for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing

1. The priest has been praying in the temple since morning.

2. She has been driving this car for years.

-to express an action that finished a short while ago

1. They have been playing cricket since morning.

2. The girl has been waiting for her parents since morning.

FORMULAS OF PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE IN DIFFERENT

KINDS OF SENTENCES

Simple sentence S+ has/have+been+V1+ing+O.

Negative

sentence

S+ has/have+not+been+V1+ing+O.

Interrogative

sentence

Has/have+S+been+V1+ing+O?

Negative

interrogative

sentence

Has/have+S+not+been+V1+ing+O?

FOR is used to indicate the time for which an action has been going on.(period of time)

Example:-a) for two hours( b)for ages (c)for a year (d)for a long time

SINCE is used to indicate the point of time at which an action started.

Example:-a) since 8 p.m. (b) since an early age (c)since childhood (d)since 2010

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

(Exercise 2)Fill in the blanks with for or since:-

1. We have not slept ____yesterday.

2. The baby has been sleeping ______ three hours.

3. We will be at the orphanage _______ two hours.

4. Shimla is covered with a blanket of snow because it has been snowing ____ last night.

Use of FOR and SINCE

FOR

PERIOD OF TIME

SINCE

POINT OF TIME

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

(Exercise 3)Fill in the blanks with Present perfect continuous tense:-

1. We _____ (wait) for the train for over an hour.

2. I ____ (watch) TV for an hour.

3. You _____(not eat) fruits for a week and it is not good.

4. She ___ (not swim) because of skin allergy.

5. The agitators _______(protest) for a week.

6. The dog ____ (bark) for half an hour.

7. Sagarika ____(suffer) from viral infection since last Saturday.

8. She sleeps for too long. (interrogative)

_______________________

9. They play in the sun for long. (negative interrogative)

_______________________

10. She shouts at her sister for nothing. (interrogative)

_________________________

RECAP OF FORMULAS OF PRESENT TENSE

FORMS OF

PRESENT

TENSE

FORMULAS EXAMPLES

Simple S+V1(s/es)+O. Fatima covers her notebook .

Continuous S+is/am/are+V1+ing+O. Fatima is covering her notebook .

Perfect S+has/have+V3+O. Fatima has covered her notebook

.

Perfect

Continuous

S+has/have+been+V1+ing+O. Fatima has been covering her

notebook .

FINAL RECAPITULATION

(Exercise 4)Change the sentences into given tense:-

1. They live in this apartment for a long time. (present perfect progressive tense)

2. He is enjoying paneer tikka. (present indefinite tense)

3. He reads for two hours. (present perfect continuous tense)

4. Sneha loved to go out on every weekend. (simple present tense)

5. Ram studies in his room. (present continuous tense)

6. She keeps herself busy these days. (present perfect tense)

7. They had been playing since four o’clock. (present progressive tense)

8. Tom had closed the lid of the basket. (present indefinite tense)

9. He ate a candy. (simple present tense)

10. She was selling vegetables. (present perfect tense)

.........................................................................................................................................

ANSWER KEY OF ENGLISH WORKSHEET 4

Ex 1. 1.is 2. have 3. has 4. are 5. does

Ex.2 1.sings 2. flock 3. treats 4. goes 5. Do ,they 6. gives

Ex.3 1.are lashing 2.are joining 3.is learning 4.is studying 5.is going 6.are rehearsing

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Class 8 Hindi Worksheet-5

Answer key of Hindi Worksheet-4

Class 8 Punjabi Worksheet-5 (for Chandigarh and Panchkula Branches Only)

Answer key of Punjabi Worksheet-4 (Chandigarh and Panchkula Branches)

Class 8 Punjabi Worksheet-3 (for Mohali & Zirakpur branches only)

Answer key of Punjabi Worksheet-2 ( Mohali & Zirakpur branches )

Class 8 Sanskrit Worksheet-3 (for Panchkula Branch Only)

Class 8 S.St. Worksheet- 5 (History-Civics)

Lesson : 4 - India in the Eighteenth Century

Part – 1 (Summary)

The Mughal Empire flourished under the Great Mughals, the first of whom was Babur

and the last, Auranzeb. After Aurangzeb’s death in 1707, the empire declined rapidly and

the Mughals lost control over many of their provinces.

Causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire: Several causes both within the empire and

outside it, led to the decline of the Mughal Empire.

Aurangzeb’s Unwise Policies :

Aurangzeb reversed Akbar’s policies of diplomacy and religious tolerance. He

reimposed the jiziya and permitted the destruction of temples. His revenue

collectors oppressed the peasants. These factors led to revolts such as those of the

Jats, the Bundelas, the Satnamis and the Sikhs, which greatly weakened the

empire.

Aurangzeb also lost the loyalty of the Rajputs after interfering in their internal

matters. Aurangzeb’s unwise policies led to revolts, affected Mughal

administration and allowed the nobles to become powerful. During his long

absence from North India, Aurangzeb became involved in the affairs of the

Deccan and neglected the administration of his empire. This allowed the

ambitious nobles to become powerful.

Role of the Nobles :

After Aurangzeb’s death, the three main groups of nobles – the Turanis of

Afganistan, the Iranis of Persia and the Hindustanis of India assumed the role of

kingmakers.

They hatched conspiracies to depose kings and raise rival candidates to the throne.

The frequent change of rulers caused political instability. This allowed provinces

to break away and also attracted foreign invasions.

Role of Later Mughals :

Aurangzeb Successors, called the Later Mughals, ruled for 150 years (1707-1857).

Important among them were Bahadur Shah I, Lahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar and

Muhammad Shah.

The Later Mughals were not as capable as the Great Mughals, and the intrigues of

their nobles made it all the more difficult to rule efficiently. Under them the

Mughal Empire broke up and Mughal rule ultimately ended in 1857.

MUHAMMAD SHAH

Breaking up of the Empire : During Muhammad Shah’s reign, some ambitious

nobles established states that were virtually free from Mughal control. States like

Bengal under Murshid Quli Khan, Awadh under Saadat Khan, Hyderabad under

Chin Quilich Khan better known as the Nizam-ul- Mulk and Jaipur under Sawai

Raja Jai Singh rose to prominence during the rule of Aurangzeb’s successors – the

Later Mughals.

Bengal : Murshid Quli Khan, who had been made

the Governor of Bengal in 1717,became almost

independent. He and his successors reorganized

the administration of Bengal, and promoted agriculture

and trade.

MURSHID QULI KHAN

Awadh : The state of Awadh became more or less independent under Saadat Khan

and his successors introduced many administrative reforms, raised a strong army

and improved the economic condition of Awadh. The ‘Lucknowi culture’

developed under them and Lucknow became a centre of art and literature.

Hyderabad : In 1724, Chin Quilich Khan, better known as the Nizam-ul- Mulk,

forced Muhammad Shah to give him the tiltle Asaf Jah and recognize him as the

governor of the Deccan. Thereafter, he became virtually an independent ruler and

established the state of Hyderabad. He crushed the rebellious chiefs, and the state

of Hyderabad progressed under his administration.

Jaipur : The Rajput state of Amber(later Jaipur) rose to prominence under Sawai

Raja Jai Singh. Jai Singh founded the city of Jaipur and made it a centre of art and

scientific learning. He was deeply interested in astronomy and built observatories

at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura.

The Jantar Mantar , Jaipur – one of the observatories built by Sawai Raja Jai Singh

Bharatpur and Rohilkhand : The Jats of the regions around Delhi, Agra and

Mathura established the state of Bharatpur while the Rohilla Afghans formed the

state of Rohilkhand. Afghans formed the state of Rohilkhand covering territories

of Moradabad, Bijnore and Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh.

Foreign Invasions :

India’s political instability attracted invasions. Taking advantage of the unstable

political situation in India, the Persian ruler Nadir Shah invaded India. He defeated

the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah at Karnal in 1739.

Muhammad Shah was restored to his throne only after he ceded all the Territories

west of the Indus. Afganistan thus went permanently out of the control of the

Mughals.

Nadir Shah carried away enormous wealth including the Kohinoor diamond and

Shah Jahan’s jewel-studded Peacock Throne.

Nadir Shah’s invasion exposed the weakness of the Mughals. After this

invasion,the Marathas expanded northwards and threatened Mughal authority.

Between 1748 and 1761, the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India

several times.

In 1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali inflicted a crushing defeat on the Marathas in the

Third Battle of Panipat. This destroyed the possibility of the Marathas as the

supreme power in India. This event also cleared the way for the British to emerge

as a political force in India.

Worksheet – 5 [Exercise]

1) Fill in the blanks:

a) The Nizam established the state of _______.

b) _______ founded the city of Jaipur.

c) Nadir Shah defeated Muhammad Shah in battle at _________ in 1739.

2) Short questions:

a) Give one example to show that Aurangzeb followed a policy of religious intolerance.

b) Mention two ways in which the nobles exercised their power during the rule of the

Later Mughals.

c) What valuable objects did Nadir Shah carry away from India?

3) Long answers:

a) With reference to the decline of the Mughal Empire, discuss

i) Aurangzeb’s responsibility; and

ii) the role of the nobles of the Mughal Court

Answer key of S.St. Worksheet-4 (Geography)

Q1 - What is population change?

Ans- The population change refers to change in the number of people during a

specific time.

Q2 – Define the following –

Ans - a) Birth rate- The number of babies born every year per 1000 people in

a population is known as the birth rate.

b) Death rate - The number of deaths per 1000 people in a year in a

population is known as the death rate.

c) Migration – Migration is the movement of people in and out of an area.

d) International migration - Movement of population from one country to

another across the international borders is called international migration.

e) Internal Migration - The movement of people from one region to another

within the country is known as internal migration.

Q3 – What is population pyramid?

Ans - It is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age

groups in a population, which normally forms the shape of a pyramid. It consists

of two back to back bar graphs with the population plotted on the X-axis and age

on the Y-axis, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a

particular population in five year age groups.

Q4 – Mention any two factors responsible for population change.

Ans - Natural growth rate i.e. the difference between the birth rate, death rate

and migration are the main factors responsible for population change of an

area.

Q5 – What is population composition?

Ans– Population Composition is the description of a population according to

characteristics such as age, sex, races, tribes, language, religion, literacy and

education, economically active population and many more traits.

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Class 8 Science Worksheet-5 (Chemistry)

TOPIC: Valencies and Framing the Formula

Introduction

Table – 1: Name Symbol and Valency of first 20 elements

Table – 2: Valency and Symbols of Positive Radicals

ELEMENT Symbol VALENCY

Hydrogen H 1

Sodium Na 1

Potassium K 1

Copper Cu 1,2

Magnesium Mg 2

Calcium Ca 2

Zinc Zn 2

Iron Fe 2,3

Aluminium Al 3

Ammonium NH4+ 1

Table – 3: Valency and Symbols of Negative Radicals

NAME Symbol VALENCY

FLUORIDE F- 1

CHLORIDE Cl- 1

BROMIDE Br- 1

IODIDE I- 1

HYDROXIDE OH- 1

NITRATE NO3- 1

BICARBONATE HCO3- 1

OXIDE O-2 2

SULPHIDE S-2 2

CARBONATE CO3-2 2

SULPHATE SO4-2 2

PHOSPHATE PO4-3 3

NITRITE NO2- 1

SULPHITE SO3-2 2

BISULPHITE HSO3- 1

Assignment - 5

Now refer to the above given valencies and frame the formulas as you have already

practice in the previous class. Also LEARN the given valencies.

Q.1. Define valency.

Q.2. Give symbols and valencies of the following radicals:

a) hydroxide b) chloride c) carbonate d) Ammonium e) Nitrate

Q.3. Write the formula for Oxides and Sulphides of the following:

a)Sodium b) Calcium c) Hydrogen

Q.4. Frame the formula of:

i) Copper Oxide (with both valencies n name the compounds accordingly)

ii) Iron (iii) chloride

iii) Sodium hydroxide

iv) Iron (ii) sulphide

v) Hydrogen nitrate

vi) Hydrogen sulphate

vii) Calcium hydroxide

viii) Magnesium carbonate

ix) Ammonium carbonate

x) Zinc chloride

NOTE: Also practice writing more formulae using these valencies.

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Answer Key of Science Worksheet- 4 (Physics)

Ans 1: i) Condensation – The change from the vapour state to the liquid state on cooling

at a fixed temperature is called Condensation.

ii) Freezing – The change from the liquid state to the solid state on cooling at a fixed

temperature is called Freezing.

Ans 2:

Melting Point Boiling point

The temperature at which a solid changes

into liquid without further increase in

temperature is called Melting point of

solid.

Example : Ice at 00C melts to form water

at 00C by absorption of heat.

The temperature at which a liquid

changes into vapours without

further increase in

temperature is called Boiling point

of liquid.

Example : Water at 1000 C changes

to steam at 1000C by absorption of

heat.

Ans 3: The quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of

state, such as ice changing to water or water changing to ice, at constant temperature and

pressure.

Ans 4: When a liquid is heated, the average kinetic energy of molecules of liquid increases

and they move faster and faster expanding the liquid. At particular temperature, the

molecules acquire sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between

themselves and they become free to leave the liquid surface.

Ans 5: From the table given above, as the thermometer shows 1000C it becomes constant

though heat is being supplied. This means boiling point of water is 1000C and heat supplied

is being used to convert every molecule of water into vapours (steam) till whole of the

water gets boiled.

Ans 6:a) Boiling

b) Evaporation

Ans 7:a) Water

b) Steam ( water at its boiling point)

Ans 8 a) False

b) False

Class 8 Maths Worksheet-5

(SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS)

PROPERTIES OF SQUARE NUMBERS

1. A square number always ends with 0, 1,4,5,6 or 9 at unit’s place but converse is

not true.

Note that a number having 2,3,7 or 8 at its unit place is never a square number.

2. A number ending in an odd number of zeros is never a perfect square.

e.g The numbers 50, 2000, 400000 are not perfect squares.

3. Squares of even natural numbers are even and squares of odd natural numbers are

odd.

4. There are some important points to remember:

(i) If a number has 1 or 9 in the unit’s place, then its square ends in 1.

(ii) If a number has 4 or 6 in the unit’s place, then its square ends in 6.

(iii) If a number has 2 or 8 in the unit’s place, then its square ends in 4.

(iv) If a number has 3 or 7 in the unit’s place, then its square ends in 9.

(v) If a number has 5 in the unit’s place, then its square ends in 5.

(vi) If a number has 0 in the unit’s place, then its square ends in 0.

SOME MORE PROPERTIES TO REMEMBER

PROPERTY 1: Observe the following:

1 = 1 = 12

1 + 3 = 4 =22

1 + 3 + 5 = 9 =32

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 =16 = 42

1+ 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 = 52

*Note that the sum of first n odd natural numbers is n2

PROPERTY 2: If a natural number cannot be expressed as a sum of successive

odd natural numbers starting with 1, then it is not a perfect square

Example 1: Find whether each of the following numbers is a perfect square or not?

(i) 81 (ii) 59

Solution: Successively subtract 1,3,5,7………from the given numbers and observe :

(i) 81 – 1 = 80 ; 80 – 3 = 77; 77 – 5 = 72; 72 – 7 = 65;

65 – 9 = 56; 56 – 11 = 45; 45 – 13 = 32; 32 – 15= 17;

17 – 17 = 0

Thus, 81 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17

Since 81 can be expressed as the sum of consecutive odd natural numbers

starting with 1. Therefore, 81 is a perfect square.

(ii) 59 – 1 = 58 ; 58 – 3 = 55; 55 – 5 = 50; 50 – 7 = 43;

43 – 9 = 34; 34 – 11 = 23; 23– 13 = 10; 10 – 15= -5;

Since 59 cannot be expressed as the sum of consecutive odd natural

numbers starting with 1. Therefore, 59 is not a perfect square.

PROPERTY 3: Observe the following:

32 = 9 = 4 + 5 {

2

134

2

and

2

135

2

}

52 = 25 = 12 + 13

72= 49 = 24 + 25

92=81 = 40 + 41

Thus, we can see that the square of any odd natural number greater than 1 can be

expressed as the sum of two consecutive natural numbers.

Example 2: Express the following as the sum of two consecutive integers:

(i)212 (ii)29

2

Solution: (i) Given number is 212 = 441

So, the first number is 2

1212 =

2

1441 =

2

440= 220 and

the second number is 2

1212 =

2

1441 =

2

442= 221

Therefore, 212 = 220 + 221

(ii) Given number is 292 = 841

So, the first number is 2

1292 =

2

1841 =

2

840= 420 and

the second number is 2

1292 =

2

1841 =

2

842= 421

Therefore, 292 = 420 + 421

PROPERTY 4: To find the Square of a number with unit digit 5

Observe the following: 252 = 625 = (2 ×3) hundreds + 25 and

452 = 2025 = (4×5) hundreds + 25 Thus, we can see that (a5)

2 = a(a + 1)hundreds + 25

Example 3: Find the square of 75

Solution: Compare the given number with the formula (a5)2 = a (a + 1) hundreds + 25

Therefore, (75)2 = (7 × 8) hundreds + 25 = 56 × 100 + 25 = 5600 + 25 = 5625

Example 4: Find the square of the number 53 without actual multiplication.

Solution: 532 = (50 + 3)

2 = (50 + 3) (50 + 3)

= 50(50 + 3) + 3(50 + 3)

= 502 + 50 ×3 + 3×50 + 3

2

= 2500 + 150 + 150 + 9 = 2809

SOME PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1.What will be the unit’s digit of the squares of the following numbers?

(i) 951 (ii) 329 (iii) 5124 (iv)1089 (v) 68327 (vi) 3795

2. The square of which of the following numbers would be an odd number or an even

number? Why? (i) 573 (ii) 4096 (iii) 8267 (iv)1369

3. Without adding, find the sum: (i) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19

(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 + 25

4.(i) Express 49 as the sum of 7 odd numbers.

(ii) Express 121 as the sum of 11 odd numbers.

5.Express the following as the sum of two consecutive integers:

(i) 332 (ii) 47

2

6.Find the squares of the following numbers without actual multiplication:

(i) 31 (ii) 86 (iii) 94

7.Find the squares of the following numbers containing 5 in the unit’s place:

(i) 65 (ii) 305 (iii) 225

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Answer Key of Maths Worksheet-4

1. (i) 729 (iii) 1024

2. (i) 36 (ii) 55 (iii) 63

3. 5

4. 3 ; 44

Class 8 Computer Applications Worksheet-4

CHAPTER NAME : OPERATING SYSTEM AND GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

– ROLE AND FUNCTIONS

HINT BOX (basic functions, master, BIOS, interface, blackcomb,

Windows 7, coordinator, Windows Key+M, Basic input output system, communicate)

1. User cannot _______ with a computer directly.

2. Operating system is the _______ program which make computer alive.

3. Operating system act like an _____ between user and hardware.

4. Operating system acts as a central _________ between hardware and software.

5. The codename of Windows7 was ______.

6. BIOS stand for _______.

7. Vienna was renamed as _________ because it was the 7th

operating system.

8. ____ is a software stored on a small memory chip on the motherboard.

9. Use short cut key _________ to minimize all the windows opened on your

desktop.

10. BIOS instruct the computer about how to perform ______.

Answer Key of Computer Applications Worksheet-3

1. Computer works with an interaction of hardware and software.

2. Computer performs a specific task according to a set of instructions.

3. Hardware and software are interdependent.

4. Hardware refers to the physical part of computer which you can see and touch.

5. Software refers to the instructions or programs which tells the hardware what to do.

6. There are two types of software.

7. Application software are designed to perform some specific task.

8. System software provides a platform to run the application software.

9. Spreadsheet, word processor and database are some examples of application

software.

10. Operating system is a system software.