FORMULAS OF PAST PERFECT TENSE IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF

SENTENCES

ST. XAVIER’S SCHOOLS CHANDIGARH, PANCHKULA, MOHALI, ZIRAKPUR

CLASS- VII ENGLISH WORKSHEET 7

TOPIC-TENSES (Past tense. .. continuation)

3.

-describes an action completed before a certain point of time in the past before another

action began

Ex- They had finished their homework when their father returned from office.

-describes an action completed before a certain moment in the past

Ex- I had sent the parcel by courier last Sunday.

KINDS OF SENTENCES FORMULAS EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE S+had+V3+O. He had eaten a candy.

NEGATIVE S+had+not+V3+O. He had not eaten a candy.

INTERROGATIVE Had+S+V3+O? Had he eaten a candy?

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Had+S+not+V3+O? Had he not eaten a candy?

-in affirmative/positive/simple sentences we write:

had+past participle tense form of the verb.

Ex-She had left for the day.

-in negative sentences, ‘not’ is inserted after the first part of the verb. We write :

had+not+past participle form of the verb.

Ex- The flight had not landed when you reached the airport.

-in interrogative sentences ,the first part of the verb is put before the subject:

Ex-Had the flight landed when you reached the airport?

*****point to remember

HAVE :-The verb ‘have’ is also used in different forms according to the change in tenses.

In positive/affirmative/simple statements , ‘had’ is used in all persons.

Ex-a) I had big bags.

b) He had big bags.

c) They had big bags.

In negative statements , ‘had not’ or ‘did not have’ is used.

Ex- a) She had not left for Manali.

b) They did not have any luggage.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS TENSE

In interrogative statements: ‘had you?’ or ‘did you have?’ is used.

Ex- a) Had you locked the door before you left?

b) Did you have your breakfast in the morning?

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with Past perfect tense:-

1. She her things before she left. (pack)

2. The train Kanpur station long ago. (leave)

3. The chef vegetable biryani for dinner. (prepare)

4. He the whole work by evening. (do)

5. She her lesson by 7 o’clock. (learn)

-is used to express an action which began in the past ,and continued for some duration Ex- It had been raining heavily for hours when the fisherman decided to change plans and return home.

The form used for past perfect continuous tense is: had+been+ -ing form of the verb.

KINDS OF

SENTENCES

FORMULAS EXAMPLES

AFFIRMATIVE S+had+been+V1+ing+O. He had been eating a candy.

NEGATIVE S+had+not+been+V1+ing+

O.

He had not been eating a candy.

INTERROGATIVE Had+S+been+V1+ing+O? Had he been eating a candy?

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Had+S+not+been+V1+ing

+O?

Had he not been eating a candy?

Ex- The acrobats had been performing for two hours before the show got over.

For negative sentences, we write :had+not+been+ing form of the verb.

Ex- The baby had not been sleeping for an hour when the dog barked and woke it up.

In interrogative sentence, the first part of the verb is put before the subject.

Ex- Had the acrobats been performing for two hours before the show got over?

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with past perfect continuous tense:-

1. The water for thirty minutes before I turned off the gas. (boil) 2. The birds high before it started raining. (soar) 3. John _ the lawn well every Sunday before he went on leave. (mow)

4. Father the newspaper before he had his breakfast. (read) ****Point to remember

Used to- suggests that something often happened in the past but does not happen any longer at present.

Ex- He used to teach my friend martial arts. This indicates that he taught martial arts in the past but does not do so now.

Used to- is never used to express an action in the present tense.

The answer key of Worksheet-7 will be attached with Worksheet-8

Forms of Used To

Positive: used to+root form of the verb in all persons

Ex-She used to study in my school last year.

Negative: used not to/never used to

Ex- He never used to take his medicines on time.

Interrogative: did+subject+use to+ ....... ?

Ex- Did he use to read the newspaper regularly?

FINAL RECAPITULATION

TABLE OF FORMS OF PAST TENSE

FORMS FORMULAS

SIMPLE S+V2+O.

CONTINUOUS S+was/were+V1+ing+O.

PERFECT S+had +V3+O.

PERFECT CONTINUOUS S+had+been+V1+ing+O.

Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs in the simple past,past

continuous,past perfect or past perfect continuous tense:-

The Phantom (move) slowly and silently. When it (come) near him, Bhima

almost (collapse) because it (seem) to spread gloom and misery.It

(shroud) in a deep black garment and its face (conceal).Bhima (stretch) out his

hands to push it away and (feel) his throat choke.He (not see) such a sight

earlier. He (gasp) for breath and (be) about to run for life while trying to push it

away. But,he (wake)up with a start and realised that he (dream)for a long time.

ANSWER KEY OF WORKSHEET 6

Exercise 1 1. felt 2. established 3.visited 4. played 5. checked

Exercise 2 1. were arranging 2. was eating 3. was grazing 4. were chirping 5. were

sailing

Exercise 3 1. Karan was waiting for me at the station.

2. The children were not enjoying the party.

3. What were you doing in my room?

Exercise 4 (i)saw (ii)was sitting (iii)aimed( iv)saw (v)aimed (vi) struck

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HINDI WORKSHEET-7 CLASS-7

PUNJABI WORKSHEET -7 CLASS-7

SANSKRIT WORKSHEET- 5 CLASS-7

S.ST – WORKSHEET-7(HISTORY) CLASS-7

CHAPTER – 2 TOPIC- RISE AND SPREAD OF ISLAM

(PART- II)

Rise of Turks

By the tenth century AD, the power of the Abbasid caliphate was on the decline. Many of the

Arab territories came under new rulers who recruited many hardy and warlike Turkish

Tribesman. Some of the Turkish generals later converted to Islam and some of these even set

up independent states. The Turkish rulers assumed titles like amir and sultan.

The Crusades

The religious wars between the Christians and the Muslims were called the Crusades. It

lasted till the thirteenth century. The Crusades began in 1906. These wars were devastating

and many lives were lost. There was, however, a positive aspect: there was increased

interaction between European and eastern nations. Trade expanded, and it brought a lot of

health to Italian and other European trading centers. In fact, merchants and other wealthy

sections financed Crusades.

SPREAD OF ISLAMIC CULTURE

Growth of trade and commerce: Under the patronage of Abbasid caliphs, the Arabs

dominated trade wherever they went. This brought them prosperity. To help long distance

trade, the Abbasids kept the land routes in good condition, maintained caravanserais (camel

motels) and developed a good banking system. Muslim traders controlled the sea routes in

the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf region.

The Islamic urban centers had industries specializing in the manufacture of carpets, brocades,

perfumes, and goods made of silk, wool, metal, glass and leather. These goods kept the

flourishing trade going.

Trade promoted interaction between the Arabs and people of other cultures. The Arabs

gathered knowledge from the Greeks, Chinese, Persians, Indians and Romans and then

spread it far and wide. Arabic became international language in the medieval period.

A Persian carpet

Literature and philosophy: The splendor of the Abbasid court in the eighth and ninth

centuries, under great caliphs like Harun al-Rashid, inspired many legends. The Arabs also

translated the literary works from other parts of the world. They also produced literary works

such as The Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam and The Thousand and one nights .The Sanskrit

work Panchtantra, for instance, was translated into Arabic as Kalilah wa Dimnah. Islamic

poetry in the Persian language attained great heights around the twelfth century. Muslim

philosophers were deeply influenced by the rational ideas of Greek philosopher especially

Aristotle. They translated a number of Greek philosophical works into their own languages.

Science: Muslim scientist initially studied and translated Greek and Indian works in

astronomy, astrology and medicine and later made new contributions in these fields. The

Arabs made great progress in the use of lenses and built observations that provided accurate

astronomical data. They found out that the earth rotates on its own axis and revolves around

the sun.

Arab philosopher-scientists Rhazes and Ibn Sena (Avicenna) made great contributions in the

field of diagnosing diseases. The Arab rulers built hospitals and encouraged the study of

medicine. Ibn Sena’s work The Canon of Medicine was used in many medical schools.

Alchemists (medieval chemical scientists) searched for the philosopher’s stone, which they

believed could turn common metals into gold. In the process they discovered new metals,

drugs and other substances. They attained great expertise in chemistry and in preparing

medicines.

Mathematics: The Arabs borrowed the decimal system and the concept of zero from India.

The Indian numerals (1 to 9 and 0) were introduced in Europe by the Arabs, and hence came

to be called Hindu-Arabic numerals. The Arabs invented algebra. They also learnt Greek

concepts of geometry and made remarkable progress in trigonometry.

Architecture and art: Islamic architecture flourished under the Byzantine and Persian rulers,

who built palaces libraries, educational institutions, hospitals, mosques and tombs. New

features such as minaret and the onion-shaped dome were introduced.

Islam does not allow the use of human forms in decoration. Hence, Islamic painting and

sculpture depicted geometric patterns and floral designs. Buildings were often decorated with

mosaics and calligraphy (a form of ornamental writing).

Islamic ornamentation on a monument

Short questions: 1. Who was Ibn Sena?

2. What was the contribution of Islamic alchemists?

3. What forms of decoration were used by Islamic artists and builders?

4. How did the Turks emerge as amirs and sultans?

Long questions:

1. What were the Crusades? When did they take place?

2. Islamic civilization borrowed from other cultures. In this context discuss

(a) The influence of the Greeks in the sphere of philosophy; and

(b) The influence of the Indians in the sphere of mathematics.

3. Describe the contributions of Islamic scientists in the astronomy and medicine.

4. Comment on the contributions of the Arabs to medieval literature and architecture.

Fill in the blanks:

1. The Sanskrit work was translated into Arabic as Kalilah wa Dimnah.

2. The medieval chemical scientists were known as

3. The invented algebra.

Answer Key of S.ST Worksheet -6 (GEOGRAPHY)

EXERCISE

Answer the following questions:

Q1. Define – a) Meteorology b) Insolation c) Atmospheric Pressure d) Isotherms.

Ans1. a) Meteorology – The study of weather and its elements is known as meteorology.

b) Insolation – The amount of solar radiation received on the earth’s surface is called

insolation.

c) Atmospheric Pressure – The force exerted by the vertical column of air per unit of area is

called atmospheric pressure.

d) Isotherms –Isotherms are lines on a map, connecting points having the same temperature

at a given time or an average over a given period.

Q2. Name any two elements of weather and climate.

Ans2.The two elements are temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Q3. Name any two factors affecting atmospheric pressure.

Ans3.The two factors affecting atmospheric pressure are altitude and temperature.

Q4. Name any two factors which are responsible for the formation of pressure belts of the

world.

Ans4.The unequal heating of the earth and its atmosphere, and the rotation of the earth are

the two main factors which are responsible for the formation of pressure belts of the world.

Q5. Temperature is an important element of weather and climate. Justify. Ans5. Temperature is an important element of weather and climate because it affects all the

major elements of weather including air pressure, cloud formation, humidity and

precipitation.

Q6. Distinguish between weather and climate.

Ans6.

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CLIMATE

Climate is the aggregate of

day to day weather conditions

over a long period of time.

Climate refers to a large area.

Climate remains more or less

unchanged year after year.

Climate is the collective

effect of all its elements.

WEATHER

It refers to short-term

atmospheric conditions that

exist for a given time in a

specific area.

Weather refers to a particular station.

Weather may change at a very

short interval of time.

Weather is influenced by any one of its predominant elements,

i.e., temperature, humidity, etc.

WORKSHEET-7 CLASS-7

SUBJECT : PHYSICS Topic : Physical Quantities and Measurement

AREA The surface occupied by an object is called its area. The S.I. unit of area is square metre (m2) .

It is equal to the area of a square of side 1m i.e. 1m2 = 1m × 1m

The bigger units of area are square decametre (are) , hectare, square kilometer.

1 are = 102 m2

1 hectare =104 m2 = 100 ares

1 km2 = 106 m2 1 cm2=10-4 m2

1 mm2=10-6 m2

MEASUREMENT OF AREA OF REGULAR OBJECTS

The area of a regular object can be found by measuring the two dimensions i.e. length,

breadth or radius of the object and using the following relations:

Area of a square = (one side)2

Area of a rectangle = length × breadth

Area of a circle = π × (radius)2

MEASUREMENT OF AREA OF AN IRREGULAR OBJECT

To estimate the area of an irregular object(lamina) , graph paper is used.

1) First, place the lamina over a graph paper and draw its boundary line on the graph paper

with a pencil.

2) Then remove the lamina and count and note the number of complete squares as well as the

number of squares more than half within the boundary line (only the

squares less than half, are left while counting).

3) The area of lamina is equal to the sum of the area of complete

squares and the area of squares more than half.

4) Let n be the total number of complete and more than half or half

squares within the boundary of lamina.

5) Since area of one big square is 1 cm × 1cm = 1 cm2, so the area of lamina will be n x1 cm2

or n cm2.

In the given figure,

No. of complete squares = 4

No. of incomplete squares =4

Total number of squares ‘n’ = 4+4= 8

Area of irregular object = 8 × 1cm2 = 8 cm2

Therefore, the approximate area of the given object is 8 cm2

DENSITY

Each body has a certain mass and a definite volume. Mostly a body of more mass occupies

more space (i.e the volume occupied by a body increases if its mass is increased).

Therefore, density of a substance is defined as the mass of a unit volume of that substance.

If a volume V of a substance has a mass M, the density d of the substance is given as :

Density = Mass / Volume or d = M/V

The S.I. unit of density is kg/m3 or kgm-3. The C.G.S. unit of density is g/cm3 or gcm- 3.

DETERMINATION OF DENSITY OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID

To determine the density of an irregular solid (coin or stone ), proceed as follows : 1. Measure the mass of the given solid using a beam balance. Let the mass be M

grams.

2. To measure the volume of the solid, we use displacement method. For this, take the

measuring cylinder. Fill it partly with water.

3. Note the level of water. Let it be V1 mL. 4. Now tie the given solid with a thread and gently immerse the solid in water

contained in the measuring cylinder as shown in the fig.Note the level of water

again. Let it be V2 mL.

5. Find the difference V2 – V1 which gives the volume (V) of the solid i.e.

V = (V2 – V1) cm3 (since 1mL = 1 cm3) 6. Then calculate the density of the solid using: Density = Mass/Volume = M/V

gcm-3

DETERMINATION OF DENSITY OF A LIQUID

To determine the density of a liquid (say milk), follow the procedure given below: 1. Take a beaker. Measure the mass of the empty beaker using a beam balance. Let

mass be M1 gram.

2. Now take a measuring cylinder and pour milk into it to a certain level say 50mL.

Thus volume of milk, V = 50cm3 ( since 1mL = 1cm3).

3. Transfer the milk into the empty beaker. Measure its mass again. Let its mass be

M2 gram.

4. The difference between M2 and M1 will give the mass M of the milk. Thus, mass

of the milk M = (M2 – M1) gram. Let M = 51.5gram.

5. Calculate the density of milk using, Density = Mass/ Volume = M/V gcm-3.

=51.5g/ 50cm3

=1.03gcm-3.

Densities of some common substances

Read the above content and answer the following questions:-

1. State True or False: a) The S.I. unit of density is gcm-3.

b) Equal volumes of two different substances have equal masses.

c) The density of a substance does not change with change in its size or shape. d) The density of water is maximum at 4oC.

2. Fill in the blanks:

a) The area of an irregular lamina is measured by using a .

b) Mass = density × .

c) 1mL = cm3. d) 1 litre = cm3. e) The S.I. unit of area is .

3. Define the term density of a substance.

4. State the S.I. and C.G.S unit of density . How are they related ? 5. Find the area of a rectangular field whose sides are 15m and 30m. 6. The density of silver is 10.3 gcm-3. Find the mass of silver block of volume 200

cm3.

7. The density of brass is 8.4 gcm-3. What do you mean by the statement ?

8.Write the density of water at 4oC.

9. The mass of an iron ball is 312 g. The density of iron is 7.8gcm-3. Find the

volume of the ball.

10. Find the volume of a liquid present in a dish of dimensions 10cm × 20cm ×

5cm.

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SUBJECT:-BIOLOGY TOPIC:-TISSUES (answer key of worksheet-6)

Q1 Give one word:

a) Meristematic tissue(apical meristem)

b) collenchyma

c) xylem parenchyma

d) phloem tissue

e) cuticle

Q2 a) Collenchyma - these are formed of elongated parenchymatous cells . they have

thick walls at the corners and no intercellular spaces

sclerenchyma - long, dead and fibre like cells with thick walls

b) Xylem – made up of mostly dead cells except xylem parenchyma.

It transports water and minerals

Phloem – made up of mostly living cells except phloem fibres.

It transports food.

c) Meristematic tissue – It is responsible for plant growth

permanent tissue- It is responsible for protection, support and strength of the

plant.

Q3 Name the type of tissue that :

a) phloem b) meristematic tissue c) phloem

Q4 Give the main function of each of the following:

a) Epidermis it protects the underlying tissues

b) Sclerenchyma it provides mechanical strength and rigidity to the plant body

c) Parenchyma it stores food material, form ground tissue, helps in

photosynthesis

d) Xylem transports water and minerals from roots upto the leaves

e) Phloem help in downward movement of food from leaves to various parts of

the plant

Q5 Choose the correct option:

i) c) xylem, phloem and cambium

ii) b) divide continuously

Q6 a) Epidermis It is a protective tissue , rest all are ground tissue

b) Phloem It is living tissue, rest all are dead tissue

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CLASS-7 WORKSHEET-7 CHAPTER-2: FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS

TOPIC: DECIMALS

To divide a decimal number by a decimal number proceed as under

1. Convert the divisor into a natural number by shifting the decimal point by the

same number of places in the right direction in the divisor and dividend both

2. Divide this new dividend by the natural number (new divisor ) in the usual way of division

3. Place the decimal point in the quotient just after completing the division of the

whole number part of the dividend

Example:-

2.25 ÷ 1.5 =

1.5

15 22.5

15

75

75 0

Simplification of expressions involving fraction and decimals

To simplify expressions involving fractions and decimals, use rule of BODMAS.

According to this rule, the operations must be done in order of the letters of this word. The

brackets should be removed in order of

(i) Line bracket (ii) Common brackets (ii) Curly brackets (iv) Rectangular brackets

Example:-

(ii)

= = 4.1 + 6.4 = 10.5

Practice Worksheet

1. Evaluate the following:- (i) 4.28 ÷ 0.02

(ii) 3.645 ÷ 1.35 (iii) 0.728 ÷ 0.04

(iv) 13.06 ÷ 0.08

(v) 58.635 ÷ 4.5

2. If Rs. 245.46 are to be distributed among 6 children equally, find the share of each.

3. If the product of two decimal numbers is 38.745 and one of the numbers is 2.7, find the

other.

4. Simplify the following:-

(i) of

(ii) 2

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

Answer of Worksheet 6

(1) (i) 2 × 10 + (ii)

(2) (i) 2 (ii)

(3) (i) 0.2 Kg (ii) 3.470 Kg

(4) 0.250, 0.352, 0.370, 0.420, 0.516

(5) (i) 844.08 (ii) 0.75 (iii) 63.36

(6) (i) 162.8 (ii) 5.25 (iii) 0.0078 (iv) 0.0079

(7) Area = 17.1 cm2. (8) 14.6 Kms (9) 18 Kms

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3 +

LAST WEEK WE HAD PRACTICED SOME

OF THE PROGRAMS. THIS WEEK WE

SHALL LEARN NESTED LIST AND

DEFINITION LIST.

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS WORKSHEET- 6

CHAPTER : USING LIST, IMAGES AND LINKS

NESTED LIST

A list within a list is known as a NESTED LIST.

1. DEFINITION LIST

DEFINITION LISTS are used to create a list of terms and their descriptions.

It starts and ends with <DL> and </DL> tags.

<DT> and <DD> tags are used along with <DL> tag.

<DT> helps in defining the terms.

<DD> helps in describing each term.

(1) WRITE A HTML CODE TO DISPLAY THE NAMES OF YOUR FAVOURITE

STORY BOOKS (ANY 3) BUT THE NUMBERING SHOULD START FROM 3.

(2) WRITE A HTML CODE TO DISPLAY THE NAMES OF YOUR

FAVOURITE FOOD ITEMS (ANY 5) IN REVERSE ORDER.

ANSWER KEYS OF PREVIOUS WORKSHEET

Q1) WRITE HTML CODE FOR DISPLAYING NAMES OF ANY FOUR MOVIES

WHICH YOU HAVE WATCHED DURING LOCKDOWN. (hint : use unordered

list)

HTML CODE FOR DISPLAYING NAMES OF ANY FOUR MOVIES WHICH

YOU HAVE WATCHED DURING LOCKDOWN

HTML

CODE

OUTPUT

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE> MOVIES </TITLE>

</HEAD>

TOY STORY 3

AVENGERS – END GAME

STAR WARS

POKEMON DETECTIVE

PIKACHU

<BODY>

<UL>

<LI>TOY STORY 3 </LI>

<LI> AVENGERS – END GAME</LI>

<LI> STAR WARS </LI>

<LI> POKEMON DETECTIVE

PIKACHU</LI>

</UL> <BODY> <HTML>

WRITE HTML CODE FOR THE FOLLOWING

<LI>OPEN THE TIME TABLE </LI>

<LI> ARRANGE YOUR BOOKS

ACCORDING TO THE TIME TABLE</LI>

<LI> PUT THE BOOKS IN THE BAG

</LI>

<LI> ZIP UP YOUR BAG </LI>

</OL>

</BODY>

</HTML>

Q2) WRITE HTML CODE TO DISPLAY STEPS TO PACK YOUR SCHOOL BAG

(hint: use ordered list)

HTML CODE TO DISPLAY STEPS TO PACK YOUR SCHOOL BAG

HTML CODE OUTPUT

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE> PACKING SCHOOL BAG

</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<OL>

1. OPEN THE TIME TABLE

2. ARRANGE YOUR BOOKS

ACCORDING TO THE TIME

TABLE

3. PUT THE BOOKS IN THE BAG

4. ZIP UP YOUR BAG

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Class – 7 Punjabi worksheet – 5 (For Mohali & Zirakpur Branches only)

Answer key of Punjabi worksheet – 4 (For Mohali & Zirakpur Branches on

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc9jtUdUF-g&t=62s

Students are instructed to make subject wise notebooks for all the worksheets.