Spartan Civilization. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates:Perioeci:Helots:Women:

Spartan Civilization

Spartan Social Structure:

Spartiates: Perioeci: Helots: Women:


Spartiates: Perioeci: Helots:

•Conquered peoples or their descendents

•Owned by the city-state

•Treated like slaves

•Second Messenian War

Women



•Revolts

•Assigned to land (kleros) controlled by Spartiates

•½ of production to Spartiates

Women



•War officially declared on them each year

•Culling

Women


Spartiates:

•Homoioi

•Serve in army

•Vote

•Full citizen rights

Perioeci: Helots: Women


Spartiates: Perioeci:

•“neighbors/ outsiders”

•Freemen

•Artisans, craftsmen, merchants

•Could not own land

Helots: Women


Spartiates: Perioeci:

•Could not marry a Spartiate

•No vote

•No army

•foreigners

Helots: Women


Spartiates: Perioeci: Helots: Women:

•Few political rights

•Manage farms and households

•More independent

Reforms of Lycurgus:

• iron money instead of gold and silver

• requirement of eating in commons

• living (for unmarried men) in rough-hewn barracks

• destruction of the city walls to promote martial skill

Reforms of Lycurgus:

• re-dividing Spartan land, forcing it to be worked by Helots

• system of government that divided power between king, Spartan citizens, the gerousia, and the ephors

• educational system known as the agoge

5 Ephores = guardians

yearly elections yearly elections

Council of Elders Double kingship

Apella

Agiade EurypontideArmy/Religion28 plus 2 kings

Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

Spartan Government

Mixed government:

• Not a democracy

• Not a monarchy

• Not an oligarchy

But:

It contains elements of all of the above




Apella






Apella

Agiade EurypontideArmy/Religion


28 plus 2 kings

Spartan Government

Kings (plural):

• Two kings at one time – one can always veto the other

• Hereditary kingship from Agiade and Eurypontide royal families

• Priestly responsibilities• Generals who lead the Spartan army• Sit on the gerousia council

Spartan Government

Kings (plural):

• Honorary duties:– Judges in many cases– Diplomatic appointments– Seat of honor including a double portion at

banquets– Consultation of the Oracle of Delphi– Adoptions, marriages, etc.



Apella

Army/Religion28 plus 2 kings


Spartan Government

• Apella citizen’s assembly:

• every 30 year old Spartan male full citizen was entitled to attend the meetings

• five original villages of Sparta (Limnai, Mesoa, Kynosura, Pitane, and Amyklai)

• held at the time of each full moon



Apella



Spartan Government

• The Gerousia Spartan senate:

• Council of Elders consisted of 28 members as well as the two kings

• members had to be over the age of 60 and were elected for life

• any Spartan citizen of the right age could stand but in practice members were selected from the most important aristocratic families

Spartan Government

• The Gerousia Spartan senate:

• Prepared motions, rhetrai, for the citizen assembly, the Apella, to vote on

• Could veto motions passed by the Apella• Consulted by the ephors in matters of

interpretation of the law • Role of a court to try murder cases - and had the

power to condemn, fine, or banish.




Apella


supervise supervise


supervise

Spartan Government

• The Ephors:

• Most powerful part of Spartan government• Elected each year• Controlled the agoge, all judges, and Generals

of the field• Dealt with foreign diplomats

Spartan Government

• The Ephors:

• Controlled the Krypteria• In charge of the apella• Could over rule decisions of the apella and

gerousia• End of the year tried by the people



ApellaAgiade Eurypontide

Army/Religion28 plus 2 kings


Farming Helots, not slaves but tied to the land

Perioeci: “those around” free but non-citizens

Spartan Civilization. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates:Perioeci:Helots:Women:

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