Spanish Adjectives

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In this lesson, we will go over:

- Adjectives:-Personality traits-Colors-Basic Object descriptions

- Correct placement- Noun and article agreement

-Gender-Singular/Plural

- Vowel and Consonant Ending rules

- Practice!

If You Have QuestionsClick on the “Raise Hand” button

Adjectives

¿Qué son AdjectivosQué son Adjectivos?

Adjectives are descriptive words that add add flavor and zest to plain nouns, like cat, dog, person, building, etc.

A “spiced up” description might look something like this: the orange, lazy cat; the funny person, the gigantic building, etc.

Plain nouns, such as gato, perro, persona, edificio “spiced up” might look like: el gato anaranjado y flojo, la persona cómica, el edificio gigantesco, etc.

There are all kinds of descriptive adjectives. This lesson focuses on vocabulary about personality traits, colors, and basic object descriptions.

We will also learn how to make adjectives nouns and articles all get along correctly (agree with each other).

Adjectives

Personality Traits¿Cuáles son algunos Adjectivos?

These adjectives can describe a person. Here are some common personality traits:

Él esÉl es . . . . . . For adjectives describing a manman make it end with “-o-o.”

Ella esElla es. . .. . . For adjectives describing a womanwoman make it end with “-a-a.”

Yo soyYo soy . . .. . . Adjective ends with ‘–a’ if “I am” a woman, or ‘–o’ if “I am” a man.

Yo soy una personaYo soy una persona . . .. . . Adjective ends with ‘–a’ since “persona” is feminine—even if you aren’t!

……activoactivo active …famoso…famoso famous……fantásticofantástico fantastic …amable…amable friendly……felizfeliz happy …bonito…bonito pretty……feofeo ugly …guapo…guapo handsome……pacientepaciente patient …débil…débil weak……impacienteimpaciente impatient …delgado…delgado thin……malomalo bad …difícil…difícil difficult……rebelderebelde rebellious …flojo…flojo lazy……optimistaoptimista optimistic …enrgético…enrgético energetic……honestohonesto honest

If the pesonality trait doesn’t end with an “–o” or “–a,” leave the ending as-is!

Colors¿Cuáles son algunos Adjectivos?

These colors can describe an object. Here are some common colors:

El color es . . .El color es . . .

El objeto es . . .El objeto es . . .

……negronegro black la bicicleta negra the black bicycle……azulazul blue el cielo azul the blue sky

……marrónmarrón brown el perro marrón the brown dog ……grisgris gray el automóvil gris the grey

automobile ……verdeverde green el árbol verde the green tree ……naranjanaranja orange la gata anaranjada the orange cat

……rosadorosado pink la cartera rosada the pink purse ……rojorojo red el libro rojo the red book……violetovioleto violet la ropa violeta the violet

clothing……blancoblanco white white la camisa blancala camisa blanca the white shirtthe white shirt……amarilloamarillo yellow el sol amarillo the yellow sun

If the gender of the noun is feminine, those ending with –o change to –a. If the color doesn’t end with an –o or –a, leave the ending as-is!

Common Basic Descriptions

¿Cuáles son algunos adjectivos?

These adjectives can describe an object or thing. Here are some basic object descriptions:

El objeto es El objeto es …… (The object is…)

La cosa esLa cosa es … … (The thing is…)

……abundanteabundante abundant …mejor…mejor better……baratobarato cheap …necesario…necesario necessary……calientecaliente hot …permanente…permanente permanent……carocaro expensive …nuevo…nuevo new……cortocorto short (length) …sucio…sucio dirty……deliciosodelicioso delicious ...roto...roto broken……duroduro hard, difficult …quemado…quemado burnt……favoritofavorito favorite …santo…santo holy……flexibleflexible flexible …sólido…sólido solid……grandegrande big …suave…suave soft……importanteimportante important …viejo…viejo old……lentolento slow …vacío…vacío empty……mayormayor older

Adjectives – Correct Placement

In English, we use adjectives beforebefore we say what we’re decribing:

The lazylazy cat The brownbrown dog

The funnyfunny person The talltall building

But in Spanish, the adjectives come afterafter the noun:

El gato flojoflojo El perro marrónmarrón

La persona cómicacómica El edificio altoaltoThere are some cases that adjectives come before in Spanish,

but we’ll do that in another lesson

Adjective Endings¿Cómo se usan los adjectivos?

Spanish adjectives work just like nouns: Their endings are either singular or plural, and masculine or feminine.

In fact, whether it’s masculine/feminine singular/plural is entirely determined by the noun!

Generally:

Adjectives will match nouns that end with “-o” or “-a”Adjectives will match nouns that end with “-o” or “-a” (masculine or feminine)(masculine or feminine)

Some nouns end with “-eSome nouns end with “-e.”” You will have to check its article to see if it’s masculine/feminine.

There are also nouns with other (consonant) endings -dad-dad -r-r-ud-ud -l-l--ónón --tióntión

-ción-ciónFor each one of these types of nouns, there are rules

that determine the gender.

You can tell an adjective is singular/plural masculine/feminine when you look at the noun it is describing.

Identifying this is simple!

Does the noun have an “-s” at the end? Is it masculine/feminine?Does the noun have an “-s” at the end? Is it masculine/feminine?

Example:

Masculine SingularMasculine Singular Masculine PluralMasculine Plural

edificio rojo edificios rojosred building red buildings

Feminine SingularFeminine Singular Feminine PluralFeminine Plural

bicicleta roja bicicletas rojasred bicycle red bicycles

Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings?

For singular descriptions, the adjective will stay the same, but for plural adjectivesfor plural adjectives, , addadd “ “-es-es.”.”

Singular Plural

la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas the popular gals

el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos the popular guys

el grupo especial the special group los grupos the special groups

la palabra útil the useful word las palabras the useful words

el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys

la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls

Practice Adjective Endings



Singular Plural

la muchacha popularla muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachaslas muchachas the popular gals









Singular Plural

la muchacha popularla muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populareslas muchachas populares the popular gals









Singular Plural


el muchacho popularel muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachoslos muchachos the popular guys








Singular Plural


el muchacho popularel muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos populareslos muchachos populares the popular guys








Singular Plural



el grupo especialel grupo especial the special group los gruposlos grupos the special groups







Singular Plural



el grupo especialel grupo especial the special group los grupos especialeslos grupos especiales the special groups







Singular Plural




la palabra útilla palabra útil the useful word las palabraslas palabras the useful words






Singular Plural




la palabra útilla palabra útil the useful word las palabras útileslas palabras útiles the useful words






Singular Plural





el niño jovenel niño joven the young boy los niñoslos niños the young boys





Singular Plural





el niño jovenel niño joven the young boy los niños jóveneslos niños jóvenes the young boys





Singular Plural






la niña jovenla niña joven the young girl las niñaslas niñas the young girls




Singular Plural






la niña jovenla niña joven the young girl las niñas jóveneslas niñas jóvenes the young girls


Practice!

Can you make the adjective correctly agree?

My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy _________.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy _________.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable

vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor

corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice!


My girlfriend is very active.My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy _________.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy _________.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hot activo – activeactivo – active friendly – amable



Practice!


My girlfriend is very active.My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy _________.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hot activo – activeactivo – active friendly – amable



Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy _________.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.


vacio – empty verde – greenverde – green older - mayor


Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.


vacio – empty verde – greenverde – green older - mayor


Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendlyThe young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amablefriendly – amable



Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendlyThe young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amablefriendly – amable



Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot.The soup is hot. La sopa es _________.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hotcaliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable



Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.

caliente – hotcaliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable



Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.


vacio – empty verde – green older - mayorolder - mayor


Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.


vacio – empty verde – green older - mayorolder - mayor


Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.



corto – short favorito – favoritefavorito – favorite

Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritosfavoritos.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.



corto – short favorito – favoritefavorito – favorite

Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritosfavoritos.The houses are empty.The houses are empty. Las casas están _________.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.


vacio – emptyvacio – empty verde – green older - mayor


Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritosfavoritos.The houses are empty.The houses are empty. Las casas están vacíasvacías.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.


vacío – emptyvacío – empty verde – green older - mayor


Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritosfavoritos.The houses are empty. Las casas están vacíasvacías.I have very short hair.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________.



corto – shortcorto – short favorito – favorite

Practice!


My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activaactiva.The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdesverdes.The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amableamable.The soup is hot. La sopa es calientecaliente.They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayoresmayores que sus hermanos.Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritosfavoritos.The houses are empty. Las casas están vacíasvacías.I have very short hair.I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy cortocorto.



corto – shortcorto – short favorito – favorite

Fill in the blank!

Can you change the adjective appropriately? Select from the word bank below.

This is a necessary solution. Esta es una solución ___________.That dog is bad. Ese perro es ___________.My sister is thin. Mi hermana es ___________.The neighbors are friendly. Los vecinos son ___________.Generally, the sun is yellow. Generalmente, el sol es ___________.The flowers are blue. Las flores son ___________.Jessica’s friend is rebellious. La amiga de Jessica es ___________. Those problems are difficult. Esos problemas son ___________.The black cat is mine. El gato ___________ es mío.My professor is very impatient. Mi profesor es muy ___________.Jimmy’s turtle isn’t very slow. La tortuga de Jimmy no es muy ___________.

necesario negro amable amarillo impacienterebelde lento difícil malo azul delgado

Practice!

Lesson Complete

In this lesson we went over: - Adjectives – Introduction and list of common adjectives:-Personality traits -Colors-Basic Object descriptions

- Correct placement of adjectives- Noun and article agreement

-Gender -Singular/Plural- Non-vowel Ending rules

-Gender -Singular/Plural- Practice!Keep practicing!

Flashcard Sets:

Personality Adjectiveshttp://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/459893/Spanish-Personality-adjectives

Colors

http://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/459926/Spanish-Color-Descriptions

Personality Adjectiveshttp://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/459968/Basic-Descriptive-AdjectivesKeep doing Livemocha Lessons, and practice with native speakers on Livemocha

In conversation with native speakers, listen to their use of adjectives!

Spanish Adjectives

Education

Transcript of Spanish Adjectives