SIMULATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLS IN THE COURSE OF OIRFP "PRIRAZLOMNAYA“ OPERATION....

SIMULATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLS IN THE SIMULATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLS IN THE COURSE OF OIRFP "PRIRAZLOMNAYA“ OPERATION.COURSE OF OIRFP "PRIRAZLOMNAYA“ OPERATION.ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF EMERGENCYASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF EMERGENCY

RESPONSE RELATED TO OIL SPILLSRESPONSE RELATED TO OIL SPILLS

MoscowMoscow 2012 2012

SOISOI AA RIAA RI

HydrometcentHydrometcentre of Russiare of Russia

SRC Risk informaticsSRC Risk informatics

SOURCES AND SCENARIOS OF OIL SPILLSSOURCES AND SCENARIOS OF OIL SPILLS

According to the Customer's initial data the following sources and scenarios of oil spills are to be considered:ooil spill in an open uncontrolled flowing wells –

1,500 tons in 72 hours;ooil spill resulting from a tanker accident – 10,000 tons in 120 hours;ooil spill resulting from temporary storage leakage of oil at the OIRFP – 16,000 tons in 120 hours.

RISK OF EMISSIONS BY ACCIDENTS AT WELLSRISK OF EMISSIONS BY ACCIDENTS AT WELLS

Distribution of time needed to recover control over flowing well

RISK OF OIL SPILL FROM TANKER ACCIDENTRISK OF OIL SPILL FROM TANKER ACCIDENT

Estimating probability of a spill with volume of 10,000 tons for tankers with a deadweight of 60,000 tons - http://efficiensea.org

Probability of zero spills in collisions and landings tankers with deadweght of60 ,000 tons – 0.81 Revised Interim Guidelines for the Approval of Alternative Methods of Design

and Construction of Oil tankers under Regulation 13F (5) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 Resolution IMO MEPC.110(49), 2003

Probability of spills 10,000 tons or more in collisions and landings of tankers with a deadweight of 60,000 tons – 2.5×10-5 ×(1-0.81) = 4.85×10-6

Average volume of spills in collisions and landings of tankers with a deadweight of 60,000 tons – 5,169 tons, probability of exceedance – 8,5×10-5

OIL FEATURESOIL FEATURES

Features FiguresDensity by 20 °С, kg/m3 911.0Kinematical viscosity by 20°С, mm2/s 19.3Congelation point, °С -30Gas-oil ratio, м3/м3

Concentrations, % mае.:total sulfur 2.2paraffins/melting point 1.8/50silica gel resins 11.0asphaltenes 2.0

Fractional compositionConcentration

% mass.Density

by 20 °С, kg/m3

Kinematical viscosity by 20 °С, mm2/s

Fraction b.p.-120 °С, % mass. 4.5 730.2 -

Fraction b.p.-180 °С, % mass. 11.7 751.8 -

Fraction 120-210 °С, % mass. 11.9 791.0 1.35

Fraction 120-311 °С, % mass. 31.6 840.0 3.50

Fraction 180-320 °С, % mass. 26.8 859.2 4.9

Fraction > 320 °С, % mass. 61.5 950.0 -

According to: Oil and gas condensate in Russia. Handbook. Volume 1. Oil in European part of Russia and gas condensate in Russia. Ed. K.A. Demidenko. Moscow: Pbl.h. "Tehnika", 2000.

Emissions of reservoir water is not taken into account (the initial period of operation)

BASIC DATEBASIC DATE

1. For the calculation we used data from NCEP / NCAR reanalysis for a 10-year period from 01.01.2002 to 31.12.2011. Spatial resolution data in the platform area is ~ 12 km x 34 km, the discreteness in time is 1 hour.

2. Calculation of the velocity fields of near-water wind was produced according to the fields of atmospheric pressure used with the processing by the method of Russian Hydrometcentre of Russia (by Popov, S., Lobov A.) on a grid of 5 * 5 nautical miles.

3. Calculated near-water wind fields used for calculation of ocean currents in the basin of the Barents Sea.

4. Fields of currents and wind are calculated in increments of 1 hour, each year includes about 8,000 meteorological situations.

5. Each of the seasons, ice (January-May) and ice-free (July-November) recorded 36 240 cases.

6. For estimates of restrictions on the responses two other sources of data on wind conditions were considered. Comparison showed a fairly high correlation between all the data.

Sea level pressure and near-water wind for 15 hours of July 14, 2009

Sea level and current velocity on the surface for 15 hours of 14 July 2009

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONSHYDROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS(EXAMPLES)(EXAMPLES)

Ellipses of tidal currents of M2 wave at the sea surface(The color shows counter-clockwise rotation)

September April

HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONSHYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS(EXAMPLES)(EXAMPLES)

ICE CONDITIONSICE CONDITIONS

1. To consider the ice conditions we used climatic maps of ice boundaries with defined levels of cohesion.

2. Characteristics of ice conditions in the ISM point prepared by specialists at AARI (V. Smolyanitsky and V. Stanovoy). Information about ice conditions obtained by AARI from Global data assimilation system (GDAS), operating in Global Forecast System (GFS) NCEP / NOAA (USA).

3. Spatial resolution of the date 20 km 20 km, discretion by time of 3 hours.

OIL WEATHERINGOIL WEATHERING

Oil spill ofOil spill of 1 1,,500 500 tons intons in 3 3 daysdays

Oil spill ofOil spill of 16 16,,000 000 tons in tons in 55 daysdays

OIL WEATHERINGOIL WEATHERING

Estimates show that changes in viscosity due to evaporation are small and make several percent (max. 4%).

At the same time, the viscosity can increase about 20 times due to emulsification, taking the maximum water concentration in oil for 70%.

Oil density starting with a value of 911 kg/m3, due to evaporation increases up to 1,021 kg/m3, and further, due to emulsification, goes to the turn of 1,025 kg/m3.

ISM oil can have a high ability to go underwater due to a low buoyancy balance.

POSSIBLE OIL POLLUTION OF OFFSHORE WATERS AND POSSIBLE OIL POLLUTION OF OFFSHORE WATERS AND COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WATERS Spill ofSpill of 1 1,,500 500 tonstons inin 3 3 daysdays

Non-ice periodNon-ice period

Ice periodIce period

POSSIBLE OIL POLLUTION OF OFFSHORE WATERS AND POSSIBLE OIL POLLUTION OF OFFSHORE WATERS AND COASTAL WATERSCOASTAL WATERS Spill ofSpill of 16000 16000 tonstons inin 5 5 daysdays



SPILL SPREAD RISK ZONESSPILL SPREAD RISK ZONESSpill ofSpill of 1 1,,500 500 tonstons inin 3 3 daysdays, ,

foil thickness > 10 mkfoil thickness > 10 mk



SPILL SPREAD RISK ZONES SPILL SPREAD RISK ZONES Spill ofSpill of 1 1,,500 500 tonstons inin 3 3 daysdays, ,




SPILL SPREAD RISK ZONES SPILL SPREAD RISK ZONES Spill ofSpill of 16 16,,000 000 tons intons in 5 5 daysdays, ,

foil thickness> 10 mkfoil thickness> 10 mk



PROBABILITY OF WATER AREAS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF WATER AREAS POLLUTIONSpillSpill of of 11,,500 500 tons intons in 3 3 daysdays, ,

foil thickness> 10 mkfoil thickness> 10 mk5 5 daysdays



PROBABILITY OF WATER AREAS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF WATER AREAS POLLUTIONSpill ofSpill of 1 1,,500 500 tons intons in 3 3 daysdays, ,

foil thickness > 10 mkfoil thickness > 10 mk10 10 daysdays



PROBABILITY OF WATER AREAS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF WATER AREAS POLLUTIONSpill ofSpill of 16 16,,000 000 tons intons in 5 5 daysdays, ,

foil thickness > 10 mkfoil thickness > 10 mk10 10 daysdays



PROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONSpill ofSpill of 1 1,,500 500 tons intons in 3 3 daysdays, ,


5 5 daysdays

10 10 daysdays

PROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONSpill ofSpill of 1 1,,500 500 tons in tons in 3 3 daysdays, ,

foil thickness > foil thickness > 5050 mk mk

5 5 daysdays

10 10 daysdays

PROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONSpill ofSpill of 16 16,,000 000 tons in tons in 5 5 daysdays, ,


5 5 daysdays

10 10 daysdays

PROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONPROBABILITY OF COASTS POLLUTIONSpill ofSpill of 16000 16000 tons in tons in 5 5 daysdays, ,


5 5 daysdays

10 10 daysdays

CALCULATED SCENARIOSCALCULATED SCENARIOS(1,500 tons/3 days, pollution of the Ostrov Matveyev (1,500 tons/3 days, pollution of the Ostrov Matveyev

(Matveyev Island), 25 hours)(Matveyev Island), 25 hours)

CALCULATED SCENARIOSCALCULATED SCENARIOS(1,500 tons/3 days, access to Dolgiy island, 18 hours)(1,500 tons/3 days, access to Dolgiy island, 18 hours)

Quick transfer results in high dispersion

CALCULATED SCENARIOSCALCULATED SCENARIOS(16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of islands Matveyev and Dolgiy, (16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of islands Matveyev and Dolgiy,

96 hours)96 hours)

Wind, m/s

Current, cm/s

Time to reach the coastline - 44 hours. Total length of shoreline affected 56,124 m. Mass on the shores = 235 tons

CALCULATED SCENARIOSCALCULATED SCENARIOS(16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of islands Matveyev and Dolgiy, (16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of islands Matveyev and Dolgiy,

96 hours)96 hours)

Wind m/s

Current, cm/s

Transfer dynamics

Time to reach the coastline 17 hours (islands). The total length of the affected coastline - 40 km. Oil mass on coast = 87 tons

CALCULATED SCENARIOSCALCULATED SCENARIOS(16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of islands Gulyaevskiye Koshki, (16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of islands Gulyaevskiye Koshki,

96 hours)96 hours)

Wind, m/s

Current, cm/s

Time to reach the coastline 54 hours. Total length of shoreline affected 36,430 meters. Oil mass on coast = 455 t.

CALCULATED SCENARIOSCALCULATED SCENARIOS(16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of the coast Varandey, 96 (16,000 tons/5 days, pollution of the coast Varandey, 96

hours)hours)

Wind, m/s

Current, cm/s

Time to reach the coastline 43 hours. Total length of shoreline affected 17,937 m. Oil mass on coast = 344 t.

EXISTING AND PROPOSED PROTECTED AREAS IN THE BARENTS SEA

specially protected specially protected natural sites natural sites

habitat for birds and the area covered habitat for birds and the area covered by the Ramsar Conventionby the Ramsar Convention

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS IN THE BARENTS SEA

coast typescoast types

habitat for birdshabitat for birds

SPILL ELLIMINATION PERFORMANCE SPILL ELLIMINATION PERFORMANCE STATISTICSSTATISTICS

Elise DeCola. Review of Oil Spill Responses on Moderately-Sized Spills in US Waters from 1993-2000. NUKA Research&Planning Group, 2002

TERMS OF RESPONSES - CURRENTTERMS OF RESPONSES - CURRENT

The distribution of current velocity in the ice season

OIRFP AREAOIRFP AREA

The distribution of current velocity in the non-ice season

TERMS OF RESPONSES - WINDTERMS OF RESPONSES - WIND

Frequency of wind speed >7,5 m/s

Frequency of wind speed>10 m/s

Frequency of wind speed >12,5 s/m

TERMS OF RESPONSES - COMMOTIONTERMS OF RESPONSES - COMMOTION

The frequency of occurrence of significant wave height exceeding 2.5 m

Frequency of occurrence of significant wave with height of 1.5 m

The distribution functions fo significant wave height (SWH) were constructed according to the calculation of wind waves on the spectral model WaveWatch III version 3.14 [Tolman, H.L., 2009: User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH III version 3.14. NOAA / NWS / NCEP / MMAB Technical Note 276, 194 pp + Appendices at http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/wavewatch/].

TERMS OF RESPONSES - CURRENTTERMS OF RESPONSES - CURRENT

The frequency of flow velocity > 1.2 knots

The frequency of flow velocity > 0.9 knots Pechora SeaPechora Sea

TERMS OF RESPONSES - OBSERVABILITYTERMS OF RESPONSES - OBSERVABILITY

Duration of OSR work based on day light


Average Climatic borders of the ice with 30% cohesion


The cohesion of ice in the vicinity of the OIRFP (2010-2012)

Information on the ice was obtained by AARI from Global data assimilation system - GDAS, operating in Global Forecast System - GFS, NCEP / NOAA (USA).The spatial resolution of the data ~20 km x 20 km, time discretion 3 hours.

Cohesion of ice for 31.01.2011 according to NIC(National / Naval Ice Center NOAA)

EXTREME ICE CONDITIONSEXTREME ICE CONDITIONS

CALCULATIONS IN ICE CONDITION, CALCULATIONS IN ICE CONDITION, SAMPLESSAMPLES

(1(1,,500 500 tonstons/3 /3 daysdays, 18.11.2000), 18.11.2000)

OSR RESCUE MEANSOSR RESCUE MEANS

Federal Program "Development of the transport system of the Russian Federation (2010-2015) years," provides the construction of specialized rescue vessels :•rescue vessel 7 МВт by project MPSV06 - 4 units in 2012-2015;•rescue vessel 4 МВт by project MPSV07 - 4 units in 2011-2012;•rescue boom-laying boat by project A40-2Б - 12 units in 2010-2014.

MPSV06

MPSV07

The vessel "Vladislav Strizhov"

BRAND NEW CONSTRUCTION MULTIFUNCTIONAL ICE BRAND NEW CONSTRUCTION MULTIFUNCTIONAL ICE CLASS VESSELSCLASS VESSELS

The vessel "Yuri Topchiev"

Th

e v

ess

el "T

ob

oy",

Vara

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term

inal "

It is recommended to consider the necessity and appropriateness of the equipment of OSR ships by following special systems and equipment :

1.execution and placement, taking into account the use of equipment in arctic conditions (winterization - shelter, heating, frost protection, maintenance, etc.);2.special surveillance systems for water surface to detect and estimate parameters of oil spills (specialized detection and control over spills system, side-scan sonar with variable frequency aperture on the ship, laser fluorometer in a helicopter);3.kits with coils and circuits enclosing booms with energy boosting blocks enclosing booms);4.means of launching, hauling, control and recovery-gathering equipment (slips, crane girders, cranes, controllers, towing devices, etc.);5.kits for the collection of various types of oil; 6.sets of mounted oil-gathering systems for trawling and taking oil from contaminated waters; 7.set of equipment for emergency transfer of oil and petroleum products from vessels in distress (pumps, hoses and connections for the reception and transmission to be performed, adapted for operation in ice conditions and heavy oil);8.power units and hydraulic actuators of oil collecting devices (usually bundled with the device);9.piping and pumps for receiving and pumping oily mixture, including those with a flashpoint below 60°C, from the oil-gathering devices overboard, working at low temperatures and ice conditions;

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT OF OSR SHIPSRECOMMENDATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT OF OSR SHIPS

10. tanks for receiving and storing the collected hydrocarbons, including those with a flashpoint below

60° C; fittings;10. steam generators and steam lines for processing and cleaning of equipment contaminated with

oil;11. boom-laying boats of necessary power and autonomy navigation with equipment for

exploration of oil pollution, complex (involved in oil recovery orders), and independent OSR operations, (delivery and set up of light protective boom barriers in shallow water);

12. hydromonitors for cleaning the ice overboard and on board of a ship;13. clamshell devices and other types for collection on board the contaminated snow and ice;14. equipment for purification of contaminated snow and ice on board (open container with

removable slatted flooring and heated);15. kits and equipment for work on the ice cover;16. steam generators and steam lines for processing and cleaning of equipment exposed to icing

and oil pollution;17. separation equipment for the primary water separation of the mixture collected;18. control devices and pipelines for release of purified water with continuous monitoring of the

volume and content of hydrocarbons on the release;19. standard hoses and unified connectors for delivery of oil to transport vessels and terminals;


24. supply of free floating buoys with GPS transmitters, buoys with reflectors and beacons;25. supply of light and reflecting markers to be installed on a descent overboard equipment;26. set of security tools by OSR works (PPE, sensors for dangerous concentrations of

hydrocarbons, devices for determining the flash point of hydrocarbon);27. additional means of illumination of the sea surface;28. kits for sampling of oil pollution (water, ice and snow) overboard and in containers; 29. instrumentation and analytical tools for sampling and determination of the hydrocarbons in

the water discharged;30. instrumentation for the treatment of operations with oil;31. placement of stocks of materials and equipment for preparation and spraying of dispersants -

when making a decision about the use of dispersants.


Technology and examples of equipment Terms of use

Localization by oil barriers and/or oil-gathering trawling order (J-order) with boom-laying boats

Booms in open sea with the height of the board

Open water, favorable weather conditions, compact spill

Trawling with mounted oil recovery systems with branches in the outrigger booms Open water and low water (20-30%), the cohesion of the ice

Collection of oil with skimmer descent from the board (such as Free Floating Offshore)

The cohesion of the ice up to 50 %

Collection of oil using on-board (such as Oil Ice Separator to collect oil en route) or external (such as Oil Recovery Bucket to collect oil in the drift and/or SEA-MOP) systems

The cohesion of the ice up to 50-70%, broken ice

Collection of oil with a descent from board (such as Arctic Skimmer) or remote (such as Oil Recovery Bucket and/or SEA-MOP) skimmer The cohesion of ice up to 90%

In conjunction with overboard ice washing with water

Collection of broken ice with ascent and on-board processing The cohesion of ice up to 90%

Delivery of oil to tankers and offshore installationsWith control of the composition and volume of oily mixtures transferred

Initial cleaning of oily mixture and discharge of purified waterWith control of the concentration of oil on discharge

Controlled burning with the introduction of the initiators of combustionA massive sluggish spill, including ice conditions, approval by the environmental authorities

The use of dispersants by spraying from a craft and a helicopterWith the threat of pollution of protected areas and sensitive coastal areas, coordination with environmental authorities

APPLIED OSR TECHNOLOGYAPPLIED OSR TECHNOLOGY

Features Figures

Performance Up to 70 m3/h

Collecting efficiency No less than 90 %

Drive hydraulic, 8 kWt

Oil delivery pump centrifugalArchimedes screw

The descent / ascent to the water / management

crane

Dimensions 1,85 м 1,41 м 2,18 м

Weight 750 kg

Ice conditions - skimmer LAS 125 W/P

WORK EXECUTION TECHNOLOGIESWORK EXECUTION TECHNOLOGIES


Ice conditions - skimmersRO-MOP, SEA-MOP


External brush skimmer Oil Recovery Bucket

Remote hydraulic grab

QUESTIONS CRUCIAL IN THE SENSE OF OSRQUESTIONS CRUCIAL IN THE SENSE OF OSR

1. Ensuring OSR 1. Ensuring OSR ::• anti-blowout equipmentanti-blowout equipment;;• external fire fightingexternal fire fighting;;• supply vessels (boats for oil recovery orders, boom supply vessels (boats for oil recovery orders, boom

barriers to contain and haul, oil-gathering system, barriers to contain and haul, oil-gathering system, reception and removal of collected hydrocarbonsreception and removal of collected hydrocarbons); );

• hydrometeorological supplyhydrometeorological supply;;• eco-monitoring and monitoring at the working periodeco-monitoring and monitoring at the working period;;• helicopter and ship (icebreaker) supply (reconnaissance).helicopter and ship (icebreaker) supply (reconnaissance).2. OSR Operations Management 2. OSR Operations Management ::• unity of Operations Managementunity of Operations Management;;• Operational monitoring and forecasting the spread of spills Operational monitoring and forecasting the spread of spills

and alert shore-based servicesand alert shore-based services;;• coordination of the LRA "sea-shore"coordination of the LRA "sea-shore";;• mobilization and engagement with the forces and meansmobilization and engagement with the forces and means. .

QUESTIONS CRUCIAL IN THE SENSE OF OSRQUESTIONS CRUCIAL IN THE SENSE OF OSR

33. Staff and facilities . Staff and facilities ::• training of staff (recruitment and / or creation of ASF)training of staff (recruitment and / or creation of ASF);;• boats (specifications for ice conditions, contracts for ship boats (specifications for ice conditions, contracts for ship

maintenance and servicing)maintenance and servicing);;• boom barriersboom barriers;;• skimmers and oil-gathering systemskimmers and oil-gathering system;;• Trawling spills (mounted systems)Trawling spills (mounted systems); ; • reception and storage of oily mixture (contracts for vessel reception and storage of oily mixture (contracts for vessel

services)services)..4. Quality of contracts of LRA OSR 4. Quality of contracts of LRA OSR ::• compliance with the Plan of OSRcompliance with the Plan of OSR;;• composition and deployment of forces and equipment composition and deployment of forces and equipment

(security levels)(security levels);;• preparatory activities (scouting, reconnaissance, preparatory activities (scouting, reconnaissance,

deployment and mobilization)deployment and mobilization);;• readiness (location, speed)readiness (location, speed); ; • control over the work period (public, corporate and control over the work period (public, corporate and

authorized supervision)authorized supervision)..

ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND THE ELIMINATION OF SPILLS OF HYDROCARBONS, ASSESS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEASURES

Transfer and weathering

Impact on water area and

coast

Environmental damage and

consequences

Leakage and spills

Control over sources

Control over spills

Localization and collection

Elimination and recovery

Environment Environmental sensitivity

??? applicability in Arctic???

???

EFFICIENCY

???

Fees and Compensations

Elimination costs

Costs of maintaining readinessEstablishment

costs

Influence

Financial and material resources

Planning and application

Development dynamics ES(Н)

??? Efficiency ???

Decisions making

??? Efficiency???

ISSUES TO BE SOLVEDISSUES TO BE SOLVED

11. Oil properties. Oil properties::• behavior at low temperaturesbehavior at low temperatures;;• tendency to form emulsions "water in oil"tendency to form emulsions "water in oil"..2.2. Equipment features Equipment features : : • equipment testsequipment tests;;• determination of the limiting characteristics of determination of the limiting characteristics of

the equipment under the terms of the wind, the equipment under the terms of the wind, currents, commotioncurrents, commotion..

3.3. Preparedness:Preparedness:• training of stafftraining of staff;;• Adequacy of equipment and software for arctic Adequacy of equipment and software for arctic

conditionsconditions;;• providing transport to remote areasproviding transport to remote areas;;• mobilization of additional resourcesmobilization of additional resources;;• interaction with the terminal Varandeyinteraction with the terminal Varandey..

4.4. Working in difficult conditions Working in difficult conditions ::• control over spills at nightcontrol over spills at night;;• control over spills in ice conditions, including control over spills in ice conditions, including

long-term (remote detection, drifting buoys, long-term (remote detection, drifting buoys, etc.)etc.);;

• work in the ice conditions and on icework in the ice conditions and on ice;;• limitations of illumination and visibility.limitations of illumination and visibility.5.5. Environmental security Environmental security ::• account of the victims and help for animals account of the victims and help for animals

and birdsand birds..6.6. etcetc..

ISSUES TO BE SOLVEDISSUES TO BE SOLVED

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

V. JouravelV. Jouravelteltel.: +7 499 235 6585, + 7 985 928 0736.: +7 499 235 6585, + 7 985 928 0736

E-mail [email protected] [email protected]

Any questionsAny questions??

SIMULATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLS IN THE COURSE OF OIRFP "PRIRAZLOMNAYA“ OPERATION....

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Transcript of SIMULATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLS IN THE COURSE OF OIRFP "PRIRAZLOMNAYA“ OPERATION....