Chemical Spills [1]

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Chemical Spills


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Objectives

_ Create Awareness of p that affect spillclean-up

_ Explain responsibilities

_ Provide strategies to

prevent spills

assess hazards presented by spills

report spills when needed

clean-up spills when appropriate


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Regulations

_ Hazardous Waste Operations andEmergency Response:

_ very specific training and procedures aremandatory for reporting of and response tochemical spills that are considered HazMatincidents.

_ A HazMat spill is one where there is animmediatedanger to life and health

_ most lab spills are not HazMat incidents


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Responsibilities_ Researchers are responsible for:

Ensuring spills are reported or cleaned up in a timely manner

Cleaning up nuisance spills of materials in their area, even ifsomeone else spills them(janitors, service people)

knowing the properties of the materials they are working with

taking reasonable steps to prevent spills

_ HazMat team will: Assist researchers who are not comfortable cleaning up spills in

their areas (even nuisance spills)

Clean-up serious (HazMat) spills


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Nuisance Spills

_ Spills of

less than 4L of material that you know the

hazards of and are comfortable cleaning up thatyou have the ability to clean up

_ assess the hazard

_ wear appropriate PPE

If you are unsure of the hazard of a spill or need assistancewith PPE selection,

call Safety


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Potentially Hazardous Spills

_ Spills of

greater than 4L

smaller spills of materials of_ low LD50_ carcinogens

_

flammable liquids or metals_ compounds of unknown toxicity


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Preventing Spills

_ Eliminate clutter

_ Know proper work practices for

biological, chemical materials you use

_ Use unbreakable secondary containers

_ Store chemicals properly

_ Dispose of waste and excess chemicalsin a timely manner


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Preparation_ What are the physical and toxicological

properties of the biological and chemicalmaterials you use?

_ What is the worst thing that could happen if youdropped/spilled a bottle of each chemical youuse?

inconvenience

skin burns

fire

chemical exposure ( fatality? permanent injury?)


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Hazards_ Toxic

_ Flammable

_ Caustic_ Reactive/Explosive

_ Radioactive

_ Other?

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Youare the experton the

hazards of materials in yourpossession._ know properties of biologicals/chemicals you use

before you handle them

_ Know what appropriate work practices are & usethem

_ know what the worst case scenariois for a spill of thechemicals you use

_ Think about how you will reactto a spill of thematerials you use

_ know what appropriate clean-up procedures are forthe materials you use


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Toxic MaterialsAssessing the risks due to the toxic

effects of biologicals/chemicals

_ Route of exposure

_ Acute Toxicants_ Corrosive Substances, Irritants and

Allergens

_ Carcinogens_ Infectious materials


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Examples of materials with a

High Level of Acute Toxicity_ Acrolein

_ Diazomethane

_ Hydrogen cyanide_ Hydrogen fluoride

_ Biological toxins; Tetrodotoxin, snake venoms

_ Osmium tetroxide_ Beta-mercaptoethanol


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Toxicity of commonly used

chemicalsChemical OralLD50

(rat, mg/kg)

Skin

LC50(rabbit)

Inhalation

LD50

(rat, ppm 1/ hr)

Acetone 5800 no data 50100 8 hr

Acetonitrile 2460 982.5 7551 8hr moderately toxic by skin absorption

Acrylamide 124 400 NA moderately toxic by ingestion, skin

absorption. OSHA Carcinogen

Methanol 5628 15800 6400 4 hr

Methyl Isocyanate 51.5 6.1 6 hr 220 acutely toxic by skin abs, ingestion

Tetrodotoxin 3.8X10-3

mg/kg no data no data one of the most toxic substances

known to man


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Flammability Hazards

_ Location, location, location

_ Ignition sources

_ Ventilation

_ Other fuels in the area

Dont store more than 10 gallons offlammable liquids outside of flammableliquid storage cabinets per laboratory


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Flash Point- The lowest temperature at which aliquid has sufficient vapor pressure to form an ignitable

mixture with air near the surface of the liquidChemical Flash Point

Acetone -2.2 F

Acetonitrile 42.0 F

Methanol 51.8 F

Diethyl Ether - 54.0 F

Gasoline - 45.0 F


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Caustic Chemical Hazards

Acids & Bases (organic and inorganic)

ex. : HCl, NaOH, phenol, triethylamine

_ skin burns

_ permanent eye damage

_

inhalation hazardsKnow the differences in hazards betweenconcentrated vs. dilute solutions


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Carcinogens

The OSHA Select Carcinogen List


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Biological Materials

BSL1- defined & well characterized strains of viablemicroorganism NOT known to cause disease inhealthy adults. Examples: Bacillus subtilis andinfectious Canine hepatitis.

BSL2- a broad spectrum of indigenous moderate -riskagents present in the community and associatedwith human diseases of varying severity. With goodtechnique, these agents can be used safely on openbenchtop when potential for aerosolization or

splashing is low. Examples: Hepatitis B virus,Salmonellae spp, and Toxoplasma spp. Hazardsaremainly due to the potential for needlestick(autoinnoculation) or ingestion exposure.

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BSL3 - Indigenous or exotic agents with a potential forrespiratory transmission, and which may cause seriousand potentially lethal infection.

Examples:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Coxiella burnetii.

Hazardsinclude autoinnoculation, ingestion, and exposureto infectious aerosols.

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Where to obtain hazard informationon the materials you use.

_Howard Hughes Medical

Institutehttp://www.hhmi.org/science/labsafe/lcss/tlisting.htm

Safety Home Page - MSDSABSA-American Biological Safety Association

CDC- Center for Disease Control


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Chemical Spill ResponseNuisance Spill

_ Alert people in immediate area of spill

_ Wear appropriate protective gloves, goggles, long sleeve labcoat

_ Avoid breathing vapors from the spill

_ Confine spill to small area& absorb on absorbent pads &/orkitty litter

_ Clean spill area with soap & water

_ Collect all contaminated absorbent, gloves & residues in plasticbag lined garbage can

_ Label and dispose of properly (call Environmental)


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Chemical Spill Response

Potentially Hazardous Spill_ Attend to injured or contaminated persons and remove them

from the exposure if you can do so without endangeringyourself

_ Alert persons in the immediate area to evacuate the lab_ If spilled material is flammable, turn off heat and ignition

sources

_ Call Spill Emergency

_ Close doors to affected area

_ Have a person knowledgeable of incident and laboratory assistHazMat personnel.


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Biological Spill Response

BSL1 Spill_ Wear disposable gloves

_ Soak paper towels in disinfectant and place over spill area

_ Place towels in Biohazard bag for disposal

_ Clean spill area with fresh towels soaked in disinfectant.

BSL 2 Spill_ Alert people in the immediate area of the spill

_ Put on appropriate protective equipment

_ Cover spill with paper towels soaked in absorbent materials

_

Pour a freshly prepared 1:10 bleach solution around the edges ofthe spill, then into center area

_ Allow a 20 minute contact period

_ Dispose of as in BSL 1 procedure


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Radioactive Spill ResponseThe person who uses or purchasesradioactive material

is responsible for cleaning it up if it spills.

Nuisance Spills-Nuisance spills contain less than 1,000mCi of lessthan 100mCi of other isotopes can be cleaned up,decontaminated and monitored under your own supervision.

Large Spills- Larger spills than those above must be cleaned up in

the following manner:Materials of high vapor pressure-leave the area, post Do not enter signs on

all doors, seal entry ways leading into affected areas and callemergency.

Do not resume activities in the contaminated area until approved by the RSO.

Non-Volatile materials -may be cleaned up and decontaminated on your

own. You must report the spill and swipe test results to the AuthorizedUser and the RSO.

Contamination of areas beyond the spill can easily occur if you walk through orspread the radioactive materials during cleanup. Dont leave the spill areawithout monitoring your shoes, body and hands. Remove all contamination orcontaminated items before leaving the area.


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Radioactive Spill Clean-up

ProceduresProtect people and contain the spill:_ Alert people in the immediate area of the spill

_ Ask for help and confine the spill immediately

_ Step away from the spill- remove contaminatedclothing(gloves last)

_ Have someone cover the spill with absorbent mats orpaper towels while you decontaminate yourself&fellow workers

_ Wash off contaminated skin for three to five minuteswith soap and water. Call the nurse

_ Report all incidents of personal contamination to theRSO


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Radioactive spill clean-up

Wear appropriate gloves, splash goggles or safety glasses and a labcoat.

Soak up the spill with paper towels or spill pillows.

Use tongs top to place all clean-up materials into a radioactive wasteplastic bag. Put broken glass into a properly labeled steel can.

Apply cleaning solution, wipe area from edge to center, dispose of asabove.

Monitor the area with a 100cm2swipe for each ft2of spill. Repeat thecleaning process if >200dpm is found in any swipe. Repeatmonitoring.

Many spills will need to be cleaned 5-7 times to achieve adequate

decontamination.Dispose of gloves, wash your hands.

Label waste bag accurately and put into a radioactive waste pail.


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Estimating Potential Hazards

_ Research hazards before you use a newbiological agent or chemical

_ Consider the toxicity, flammability, physicalstate and the amount of the materialinvolved.

_ Consider the location of the spill

_ Consider your knowledge and skills

_ Ask for help in estimating hazards call Safety


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Summary_ Know the properties of all the hazardous materials

you handle

_ Prevent spills

_ If a potentially hazardous spill occurs, protect people

first, evacuate & ask for help_ Call Engineering for EMERGENCY spill/fire

assistance

_ Call Safety for information and non-emergency

assistance_ You are responsible for reporting or cleaning up

spills of materials you use

Chemical Spills [1]

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