Shinji ITSUBO Intelligent Transport System Division,

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

JAPAN

Cooperative ITS systems in Japan

1

FOT-Net Data meeting

10. OCT. 2016

Presentation Overview

1. ITS development in Japan

・ VICS and ETC

・ ETC 2.0 as a cooperative system

2. Improving mobility by using ETC2.0

・ Smart information

・ Smart tolls

3. Using ETC 2.0 to achieve driving safety and smooth transit

4. Efforts to achieve automated driving

2

1. ITS development in Japan

3

1996

Car navigation VICS

ETC

2000

72 million units

ship(2016.7)

51 million units

ship(2016.4)

53 million units

ship(2016.8)

2011 1990’

Upgrade of existing

service

・ Static images

・ Weather data

・ Information for

tourist, etc.

New service

・ Dynamic toll

・ Commercial Vehicle

Management

Truck platoon

demonstration test

using radar, camera

etc.

Interim Report Released

2013

V 2 I

Applications

・Traffic

information

・Electric toll

collection

・Safety

driving support

etc.

Automated

Driving

Platoon demonstration

test using lane maker

etc. Auto-pilot System

Study Group(MLIT)

1996 2012

R&D Plan Released

2014

Government-wide

SIP-adus Research Project

ITS Spot

Various

applications

• Wide area traffic

information

• Safety driving support

• ETC

ITS Spot on-board unit

Evolve

into

2016

ITS Development in Japan

4

ETC2.0 (5.8GHz DSRC+GPS)

Information provision (VICS)

Dynamic route guidance Safe driving support

Toll collection (ETC)

Cashless payment for parking

Basic functions & applications

Data collection & Route based Apps. Probe data (GPS) :

time, position, deceleration

Heavy vehicle monitoring ETC2.0 OBU

RSU

Car navigation system

• 2 piece type OBU (for multi users)

• IC card (for multi use)

• GPS function (Identification of travel route)

• 5.8GHz DSRC

- Standardized as ISO14906

- Large volume, high speed, 2-way comm.

- Secure communication

Features

Traffic congestion analysis

ETC for Expressway

GPS 5.8GhzDSRC

5

2. Improving mobility by using ETC2.0

・ Smart information

・ Smart tolls

6

Smart information (Dynamic route guidance)

50km50km

50km50km

潮来IC

友部JCT藤岡JCT

大月JCT

御殿場IC

岩舟JCT

富浦IC

東名高速

中央道

関越道

東北道

常磐道

東関東道

館山道

北関東道

Only one prefecture

50km50km

50km50km

潮来IC

友部JCT藤岡JCT

大月JCT

御殿場IC

岩舟JCT

富浦IC

東名高速

中央道

関越道

東北道

常磐道

東関東道

館山道

北関東道

About 1,000 km all Expressway

From TOHOKU Expressway From TOHOKU Expressway

Area of Service

(FM-VICS) in

SAITAMA

Prefecture

Destination

(KOHOKU)

Destination

(KOHOKU) Area of Service

(“ETC2.0”)

Current VICS Dynamic route guidance by ETC2.0

・Totally 1,000km information provision

7

Smart tolls (Dynamic charge)

・Route based charge (First step)

A

B

Location Distance Toll

A 98.9 km ￥3,770

B 100.2 km ￥3,180

Toll for route A ＞ toll for route B

Same tolls

Toll for route A ＝ toll for route B

Before April 2016 After April 2016

B

A

8

Main Impact of New Toll Rates

32,500 29,700

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

H27.4 H28.4Apr.2016 Apr.2015

○Total congestion lost time in Metropolitan Expwy

▲ decreased by about 9％

○Total traffic volume in Metropolitan Expwy(Central area)

21,600 21,300

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

H27.4 H28.4

（thousand vehicles・km/day）

▲decreased by about １％

Slightly decreased

Decreased by 10%

※Result from comparison of ETC data of April 2016 and April 2015.

Apr.2015 Apr.2016

（vehicle・hour/day）

Through Traffic in Tokyo central area has decreased by 11%

（43,100 vehicles/day ⇒ 38,200vehicles/day） ※Traffics that is coming from/to TOMEI EXPWY, CHUO EXPWY, KANETSU EXPWY, TOHOKU

EXPWY, JOBAN EXPWY, HIGASHI –KANTO EXPWY, KEIYO ROAD via Metropolitan Expwy.

○Situation of the city through traffic

Central Area

• High volume of traffic has moved from the Central area to outer ring roads, and therefore

congestion on Metropolitan Expwy has been reduced.

9

Smart tolls (Dynamic charge)

Congestion time Other time

Toll for route A ＜ toll for route B

Different tolls

Congestion

Same tolls

Toll for route A ＝ toll for route B

B

A

B

A

In the Future

・Route based dynamic charge (Next step)

10

3. Using ETC 2.0 to achieve driving

safety and smooth transit

11

Smart investment based on “big data” (community roads)

Sudden braking locations

Greenery is trimmed to ensure visibility

Greenery is trimmed

Effect of measures Number of sudden breaking incidents Number of accidents involving injury or death

対策前 対策後

190146

20% down!

Before measures After measures

(a month later)対策前 対策後

995

326

Before measures

70% down!

After measures

(a month later)

Drivers frequently

brake suddenly

View is obstructed by planted greenery

Before

After

12

Big data for congestion mitigation PDCA

-3.3

-0.4-1.6-1.0-0.54.0

-3.8

3.1

4.0-4.00.5

3.6-4.0-0.41.4-3.5

1.50.52.2-1.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

施工高

(m)

高針Ｊ

上社南

上社Ｊ

上社

引山

大森

小幡

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

(1.4)

(1.2)

(1.0)

(0.8)

(0.6)

(0.4)

(0.2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

走行速度

(km/h)

212.2

212.4

212.6

212.8

213.0

213.2

213.4

213.6

213.8

214.0

214.2

214.4

214.6

214.8

215.0

R=950

R=∞

R=1495R=1800R=15000R=∞

R=2000

R=∞

R=475

R=∞

R=500

R=∞

R=700

R=∞

R=700

R=∞

(1.4)

(1.2)

(1.0)

(0.8)

(0.6)

(0.4)

(0.2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

212.2

212.4

212.6

212.8

213.0

213.2

213.4

213.6

213.8

214.0

214.2

214.4

214.6

214.8

215.0

プローブデータ

縦断図

平面図

ON OFF ON OFFON

Congestion due to branching lanes at junction?

Interchange exit congestion?

Altitude

pro

file

e

Pla

n

vie

w

Sp

ee

r fr

om

Pro

be

data

Congestion due to sag and

merging traffic bottleneck

Hikiyama IC Kamiyashiro

IC

• Probe data show the vehicle speed at each location

• It is possible to identify bottlenecks and plan effective measures

13

Route-based Oversize/Overweight Vehicle(OV) management

Point of

departure

Destination Destination

Point of

departure

Current ETC 2.0 equipped OV

- Permission by route because of limited

checking recourses

- Allowing to travel on only permitted routes.

Many

applications must

be submitted for

each route

Simplified to a

single application

that includes

multiple routes

- Easy to recognize the routes by ETC2.0.

- Permission for nationally OV guidnig

routes

14

“Smart” Logistics (pilot program for vehicle fleet management support service)

Tests of application to buses and rental vehicles are also planned

Logistics company Arrival time can be predicted accurately through the use

⇒ Reduction of time spent waiting for load

Dangerous locations for truck transport can be identified

⇒ Driver safety can be ensured Destination

Logistics center

Point of departure Logistics center

17:57:30 18:10:20 18:40:05

Sudden braking : 0.42G

Sudden steering changes : 0.05G

Information on sudden braking and

sudden steering changes

17:30:13

Truck location information

Truck transport route

15

Available road map by using ETC2.0 data (Mt. Aso area)

Available route

Available route map using ETC2.0

Kumamoto Earthquake

(April 2016)

• Many information is necessary in disaster response • For

− Evacuation, rescue and assistance − Transportation of emergency relief supplies − Road opening from rubble

→ Understanding of available route is the most important step

As of 4:00 p. m. on April 19, 2016

(data for past 1 day)

16

ETC ETC

In FY 2016, a discount experiment for temporarily exit vehicles with ETC2.0 to visit rest

facilities and like was conducted.

This attempt will contribute regional vitalization through promotion of tourism and local

specialty products.

Expwy

Parking and resting space

(1) Temporary exit (3) Re-entering

vehicle

(2) Driver takes a rest

or other rest facility

“Smart” Tolls (temporary exit for rest facilties, etc.)

17

4．Efforts to achieve automated driving

18

【Accidents caused by reverse-run driving 】

逆走車両の事故状況

The goal is to completely eliminate reverse-run driving on expwys by 2020 with ITS

technologies.

Age of driver

Source: MLIT/Expressway company

Number of accidents: 206/year (2011-2015.9)

Measures to prevent reverse-run driving on expwys

情報量を減らしたので、文字を大きく、バランスを考え見やすくして下さい。

修正

Unknown

0.1%

Less than

30 8%

30 – 64

24% 65 or older

68%

Older than 65 is about 70% 19

Recognition error

Decision error, etc.

Performance error

Unknown Inattention

(internal factor) 832 23%

Distraction

(external factor) 630 18%

Inadequate surveillance 911 25%

Careless vehicle observation 145,4%

Inappropriate assumption 123, 4%

Traffic environment 151, 4%

Inappropriate vehicle operation

604 17%

Breakdown of fatal accident causes (3589 incidents)

Expectations for automated driving and cooperative systems

Human error accounts for approximately 95% of fatal accidents.

⇒Automated driving can be expected to reduce these accidents.

Source: Traffic accidents statistics table 2015, ITARDA

Fatal accidents in which a driver is the party of the first part

20

History of study of automated driving systems

Prime Minister Abe’s comments at the Second Public-Private Dialogue towards

Investment for the Future (held November 5, 2015)

“Transport services using unmanned vehicles will be provided at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics

and Paralympics, and automated driving on expwys will be made possible. To this end,

systems and infrastructure, including those to enable the necessary demonstration tests,

will be established by 2017.”

21

Automated vehicle (stand alone system)

Improved performance for

monitoring of surrounding

area through on-board

sensors Use of advance-warning data

through ITS (V2V, V2I and P2V

communication) (2)

Ad

va

nce

me

nt o

f a

uto

ma

ted

dri

vin

g le

ve

l

(Exprwy) (Ordinary roads) (1) Accommodation of complex traffic situation

Cooperative system Development /

upgrade

Automated driving system 2020

2030

Roadmap for integration of cooperative systems

* Prepared based on SIP Automated Driving System Promotion Committee references

C-ITS technologies will be developed as following； “Look-ahead information” is important

1. Deal with fallen objects, disabled vehicles and other sudden incidents

2. Accommodate complex traffic situation such as merging/diverging locations

22

Data possessed by road administrators (ETC2.0 Probe data, Data on road repair sectors,

Data on traffic restrictions, etc.)

Provision of information

for

road administration

Data collected by vehicle （CAN, camera, sensor, etc.)

Vehicle

Road administrators

Provision of information

not obtainable by the

vehicle alone

Support of safety and

comfortable driving

Efficient and cost-reduced

road administration

Constructing C-ITS platform, services for efficient road management and safety

and smooth driving through public-private joint research.

Concept of the C-ITS in Japan

23

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