Sewage Energy

Team Hoof Hearted Trevor Akers

Kimberly Caleon Chris Chapman Lee Ellington

Andres Gonzales Jose Zummar

(1)

[1] http://mittenstateblog.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html

Sewage Quote of the Day

“Man is the only creature that seems to have the time and energy to pump all his sewage out to sea, and then go swimming in it” ~ Miles Kington

Presentation Overview

(1)

[1] http://www.outhousegraffiti.com/oh_art.html

History

Algae Facts

Different/Alternative Uses

Future and Practical Implementations

Business Perspective

Conclusion/Summary

Sources

Engineering Works Clip http://engineeringworks.tamu.edu/2011/06/

Brief History of Toilets

(1)

[1] http://belgiumbarb.blogspot.com/2009/08/sunday-at-hoensbroek-castle.html

Pre 8000 B.C. – Squatting behind a tree

8000 B.C. – Indoor plumbing

3000 B.C. – Flush Toilets with overhead reservoirs

2000 B.C. – First in house designated restroom

1800 A.D. – Storm sewers enlarged

1900 A.D. – Sewage treatment facilities (1)

History of Algae Energy 1942 -

German discovery of algae energy

1950s - MIT grow on large

scale

1978 – feds introduce aquatic species program

1996 – oil prices low and secure

government closes down aquatic

species program

2005 – Hurricane

Katrina sends oil prices

skyrocketing

2007 – Government sets new mandates

for alternative energy (Energy

Independence and Security Act)

2009 – Government dumps $800

million into bio fuels

2010 – Joule pilot plant in

Texas

2011 - Joule starts

piloting diesel

production

(1)www.aurorainc.com/the-history-of-biodiesel-algae

Aquatic Species Program 1978

First Algae program 3,000 species Co2 eliminator

1978 Carter Presidency 1978 to 1982 hydrogen

1985 switch focus to biodiesel 1995 closed down

(2) http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf

(2)

(2)

(2)

Energy Independence and Security Act 2007

Hybrid incentives

Out dated energy devices -Appliances -Light Bulbs

$500 million in grants for algae -Universities -Companies

(6)

(6)

(6) www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/partner/stoel-rives-6442/news/article/2008/01/eisa-of-2007-calls-for-additional-production-of-biofuels-51063

(7)

Joule Cutting Edge Algae 2011

(7)www.jouleunlimited.com/why-solar-fuel/overview#biotech

Advanced genomes

Closed system

Highly competitive costs $20/bbl and $0.60/gallon

(7)

(7)

(7)

Making Fuel from Sludge

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBLVAif0hKU

Sewage Can Heat Your Home!

Sewage contains 10 times the energy needed to treat it.

Stockholm’s bus company uses biogas to run at least 30 buses.

Stockholm’s energy company provides hot water and heat to 80,000 apartments by applying heat recovery pumps to treated sewage.

Tokyo turns dewatered sewage sludge into fuel charcoal for thermal power generation.

(1) http://astronlogia.com/2009/06/11/numerology-10/ (2) http://www.stromma.se/en/STOCKHOLM/Tours/City-Sightseeing/Combination-Tours/Stockholm-in-a-nutshell/ (3) http://allgreen.com/site/index.php?option=com_moofaq&Itemid=337 (4) http://www.busytrade.com/selling-leads/573832/Charcoal-fuel.html

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

From Sewage to Methane: Anaerobic Respiration

1. Hydrolysis

2. Acidogenesis

3. Acetogenesis

4. Methanogenesis

H2O H+ + OH-

Monomers Fatty Acids

Fatty Acids CH3COOH + CO2 + H2

CH3COOH → CH4 + CO2

(1) http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-aerobic-and-anaerobic-cellular-respiration/

(1)

Sewage Can Fuel Your Car! Extracted oil from sewage sludge can be converted into gasoline and natural gas.

1 ton of sludge = 30 kg (66 lbs) of extracted oil

Pulp, agricultural waste, plastic, and tire can also be converted into oil.

The process is conceptually similar to how some companies extract oil from shale.

(1) http://musclecarclub.com/petrol/ (2) http://www.thecrosshairstrader.com/2009/02/help-wanted-oil-inventory-analyst/ (3) http://tiresforsaleonline.org/ (4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

[1] Sludge Pellets: http://www.thestar.com/Article/459085

• ASH DEC Technology to produce phosphate fertilizers

• Lower contaminants and higher yield

• Meets standards. • High Quality

Fertilizer From Sewage Sludge

(1)

• Incineration • Ash and Chlorine are mixed

(Pellet Press) • Thermal Reactor at 1000˚ C

(20 min) • 98% clean (phosphorous

granules), 2% retained as metal concentrate

• Enriched with N, K, S, or P.

[1] http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/reuse-and-recharge/hardware/reuse-urine-and-faeces-agriculture/ferti-0

Process

(1)

• Raw material (Portland) • Mineral filling • Arizona Copper Recovery • Brick Manufacturing • Landfilled in the U.S.

(2 )http://www.phosphaterecovery.com/news/current-news/from-sewage-sludge-to-fertilizer/1196

[1] http://schoolworkhelper.net/2011/06/landfill-sites-selection-types-techniques/

Sewage Sludge Ash

(1)

• Award for BioPetrol (Israel) • Up to $150 a ton to dispose. • 1 ton = 30 kilograms of light oil. • Dry sludge + catalysts + heat = hydrocarbon

fuels. • Building Prototype Facility.

[1] http://www.bio-petrol.com/main.html#market

Butanol From Sewage Sludge

(1)

• Microbial Fuel Cells • Conversion of sludge to oil and gas • Biomass Crops • Hydrogen from Sewage

Future Implementations

http://cdn3.digitaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/hydrogen-poered-sewage.jpg

http://www.renewable-energy-news.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/nyc-plans-to-generate-renewable-energy-from-sewage-treatment-plants.jpg

Microbial Fuel Cells

http://img.tomshardware.com/us/2008/01/03/bacteria_powered_microbial_fuel_cell_prove_viable_form_of_electricity_generation/microbial_fuel_cell.jpg

Microbial Fuel Cell Pilot

http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/www/images/stories/Pilot/5024-017%20(Small).jpg

http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/www/images/stories/Pilot/5024-022%20(Small).jpg

Energy Production & It’s Impact on Society

• Why is it important? • Environmental Impacts? • Why should we care?

[1] http://gizmodo.com/assets/resources/2007/05/1TurboToiletSWNS_468x458.jpg

(1)

West Point Wastewater Treatment Plant

[8]

1-MW Fuel Cell

[8]

The Big Picture

Location of large wastewater treatment plants. [8]

• Sludge treatment = Expense or Revenue? • Average 35$/ton of Sludge

• Sludge can be capitalized

• Fertilizer • Methane • Oil • Butane

[1] (1) http://getentrepreneurial.com/archives/how-small-business-owners-can-go-green-and-save-green/ (2) http://floridanetroots.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/money.jpg

(1)

Wastewater Treatment from a Business Perspective

(2)

Sludge Money in America • Annual Sludge Per Capita

• 64.4 lbs • Estimated Dry Solids per Year

• 65 Million Metric Tons • Current Sludge End Uses

• Combined Disposal – 45% • Land Application – 49% • Reuse – 6%

[2] (1) http://www.bessbyers.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/AmericanFlag.jpg

Sludge Money in America (1)

• Example : Plant in Germany uses • High rate Digestion with Microfiltration instead of Aerobic

treatment ( US Favorite) • Produces Biogas to operate the plant

• Saves 70k Euros/year on energy • Costs Less energy thus saving another 100k/year • Average savings of 170k/year while making sludge cleaner

[3] (1) http://bluecakesblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/German-Map-Flag.jpg

German Sludge Treatment (1)

• China Sewage Treatment Industry Report 2010 -2011

• Sewage Discharge Increases by about 1.8 BILLION tons per year • Treatment Rate Grew from 52% to 75% in 5 years

Daily treatment capacity (million m3).[4]

[4], [5]

(1)

(1) http://pakamstudies.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/china-flag-map.png

Chinese Sludge Treatment

• Programa de Aceleracao de Crescimento • Wastewater treatment market was worth about $126m (€89m) in

2008 • Disinfection market in Brazil worth $13.5m in 2008 • Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.5% until 2015.

[6] (1) http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/map_of_brazil_with_flag.png

Brazilian Sludge Treatment (1)

Indian Sludge Treatment

• Va Tech Wabagh – Leading Industry Leader • 50% Growth in 3 years

• Indian Oil Corporation • Recycles 150 million liters/day required to run plant

• Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd • became self-sufficient in its daily water requirements

All receive Funding from Asian Development Bank, World Bank and

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)

[7]

(1)

(1) http://www.roopenroy.com/india_flag_map.png

Indian Sludge Treatment (1)

References 1. http://mittenstateblog.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html 2. http://belgiumbarb.blogspot.com/2009/08/sunday-at-hoensbroek-castle.html 3. http://www.outhousegraffiti.com/oh_art.html 4. http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/what-history-sewage-treatment-systems 5. http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env149/lesson16.htm 6. http://www.werf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=9898 7. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090813142345.htm 8. http://www.researchinchina.com/Htmls/Report/2011/6141.html 9. http://www.researchinchina.com/UpLoads/ArticleFreePartPath/20110615140349.pdf 10. http://www.icis.com/Articles/2009/07/27/9233722/brazils-industrial-and-waste-water-treatment-market-is-

burgeoning.html 11. http://www.thermaxindia.com/Media/Thermax-in-the-News/Money-floods-into-wastewater-treatment.aspx 12. www.aurorainc.com/the-history-of-biodiesel-algae/ 13. www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf 14. www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/david_berry_profile/page8 15. www.tomorrowisgreener.com/tag/biofuel-from-algae/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_Species_Program 16. www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/partner/stoel-rives-6442/news/article/2008/01/eisa-of-2007-calls-for-

additional-production-of-biofuels-51063 17. www.jouleunlimited.com/why-solar-fuel/overview#biotech 18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBLVAif0hKU 19. http://www.enn.com/press_releases/2505 20. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071210103934.htm 21. http://news.cnet.com/Turning-sewage-sludge-into-gasoline/2100-11389_3-6089033.html

References 1. http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env149/lesson16.htm 2. http://www.werf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLAT

E=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=9898 3. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090813142345.ht

m 4. http://www.researchinchina.com/Htmls/Report/2011/6141.html 5. http://www.researchinchina.com/UpLoads/ArticleFreePartPath/20

110615140349.pdf 6. http://www.icis.com/Articles/2009/07/27/9233722/brazils-

industrial-and-waste-water-treatment-market-is-burgeoning.html 7. http://www.thermaxindia.com/Media/Thermax-in-the-

News/Money-floods-into-wastewater-treatment.aspx 8. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/bamf_wastewater.pdf