TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research TAMU... · TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research ... •...

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TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research Claudio Gariazzo Nuclear Security Science & Policy Institute Texas A&M University College Station, TX 778433133

Transcript of TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research TAMU... · TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research ... •...

Page 1: TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research TAMU... · TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research ... • Physics • Chemistry • ... (2008) • A. Thornton, “Development of a Portable

TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research

Claudio Gariazzo

Nuclear Security Science & Policy InstituteTexas A&M University

College Station, TX 77843‐3133

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NSSPI Mission• We employ science, engineering, and policy expertise to:

– Conduct research & development to help detect, prevent, and reverse nuclear and radiological proliferation and guard against nuclear terrorism

– Educate the next generation of nuclear security leaders– Analyze the relationship between policy and technology in the field of 

nuclear security– Serve as a public resource for knowledge and skills to reduce nuclear 

threats

• NSSPI seeks multi‐disciplinary technological solutions to problems associated with the malevolent use of nuclear and radiological materials and integrating these technologies within a policy framework 

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NSSPI Campus and Customer Engagement• NSSPI engages with colleges and departments across TAMU

– Engineering, Science, Geosciences, Liberal Arts, Bush School, Agriculture and Life Sciences

• NSSPI customers include– DoD/DTRA, DHS/DNDO, DOE/NNSA, State Department, NRC– IAEA, CEIP– ZelTech, AREVA, SAIC, Luminant

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NSSPI Array of Activities

Students• Graduate and UG courses in 

safeguards, security, and safety• Program emphasizes both  science 

and policy concerns  • Founded first INMM student chapter

Hands‐on Safeguards Education

• Short courses at National Laboratories

• Direct, practical experience with safeguards technology

Workshops• Domestic and international• Global nuclear security topics

Research• Innovative research on all aspects of 

safeguards, security, and nonproliferation

Faculty / Scientist Exchange• NSSPI faculty travel to the National 

Labs to teach courses• National Lab researchers maintain 

joint faculty appointments

International Collaborations• International programs and 

education support• INMM and ESARDA conferences and 

workshops

Informing the Public• Paulo’s Corner daily news digest‐

news and research on global nuclear issues

• Searchable database of articles on NSSPI website

Distance Education• Lectures given to international 

students through video conferencing• Nuclear Safeguards Education Portal 

(NSEP)

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Nonproliferation Education• TAMU has one of the most robust technical 

nonproliferation education programs in the world

• Program includes:  – graduate and undergraduate courses– Accredited MS degree in Nuclear Engineering 

with a specialization in Nuclear Nonproliferation

– Interdisciplinary nuclear forensics certificate– Tabletop exercises involving political and 

technical aspects of global nuclear security

• Other facts: – Approximately 35 students in the program– Over 50 M.S. and 14 Ph.D. degrees awarded 

since the inception of NSSPI

Selected Courses• NUEN 605 – Radiation Detection and 

Nuclear Materials Measurement

• NUEN 650 – Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control

• NUEN 651 – Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Material Safeguards

• NUEN 656 – Critical Analysis of Nuclear Security Data

• NUEN 489 – Nuclear Security System Design

• CHEM 689 – Radiochemistry and Nuclear Forensics

• MATH 644 – Inverse Problems in Nuclear Forensics 

Selected Courses• NUEN 605 – Radiation Detection and 

Nuclear Materials Measurement

• NUEN 650 – Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control

• NUEN 651 – Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Material Safeguards

• NUEN 656 – Critical Analysis of Nuclear Security Data

• NUEN 489 – Nuclear Security System Design

• CHEM 689 – Radiochemistry and Nuclear Forensics

• MATH 644 – Inverse Problems in Nuclear Forensics 

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International Engagement• NSSPI is heavily involved in 

international activities– Observer status at the IAEA 

General Conference– Research collaborations with 

Russia, France, India, and Japan – Educational collaborations in 

UAE, Russia, India, UK, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Jordan

– Nuclear Facilities Experience for students in Japan, UK, France

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Research

Combating Nuclear TerrorismA framework for detecting smuggled HEU, etc.

Nuclear Forensics and AttributionRapid attribution with XRF, spent fuel forensics, etc.

Safeguards Systems & Instrument DevelopmentPu measurement in spent fuel, IAEA instruments, etc.

Proliferation Risk AnalysisProliferation pathways analysis tools, nuclear latency, etc.

Ensuring the Peaceful Use of Nuclear EnergyDevelopment of high density LEU fuels, proliferation resistance methodologies, etc.

Arms ControlAnalysis of the U.S.‐India Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, etc.

NSSPI Research Program Areas Projects focus on small teams with multiple disciplines in each team, typically with at least one policy expert per team:• Engineering (nuclear,

mechanical, electrical, chemical, industrial, and computer science)

• Mathematics and Statistics• Physics• Chemistry• Political & Social Science• International Affairs• Agricultural and Life Sciences

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Safeguards Instrumentation Development• PWR dry cask storage remote 

monitoring system• CANDU dry cask re‐verification• TMFD for inline Pu measurements 

at aqueous reprocessing plants• SINRD for pyroprocessing materials• Active interrogation DDA and 

neutron coincidence counting• Epithermal neutron multiplicity 

counter for MOX materials• Spent fuel safeguards

– NRF, XRF, PG– SINRD, PNAR, CIPN

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Spent Fuel Safeguards• Combined SINRD‐PNAR 

instrument developed with LANL– Designed by LANL and TAMU– Built by LANL– Measured spent fuel in Japan in 

June 2013 with JAEA

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Forensics• Pre‐detonation

– Signature development for low‐burnup CANDU and LMFBR Pu

– Analytical inverse models for research reactor and commercial power reactor spent fuel samples

– Analysis of trace U isotopes in ore samples

• Post‐detonation– Preprocessor for rapid analysis of 

HEU and Pu IND’s– Field sampling unit for in‐field 

alpha‐spec measurements– Integration of prompt diagnostic 

with radiochemical flowsheet– Estimate the deterrence value of 

forensics and attribution

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Reactor Analysis• Simulate actinide and fission product inventories (with 

systematic and random error component estimates) of irradiated fuels for various reactor systems using linked MCNP/ORIGEN– LWR, CANDU, LMFBR, NRX, PBMR, and SMR

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Combatting Nuclear Smuggling• Strategic analysis of smugglers

• Analysis of environmental effects

• Analysis of background signatures

• Detector systems development

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Consequence Management• The resources and equipment 

required to evaluate and mitigate radioactive contamination over a large area– This includes land areas, people and 

agriculture

• Research– Developing of portals and techniques 

to detect radiation on livestock– Evaluation of radionuclide deposition 

resulting from Fukushima – Evaluating potential doses received to 

search and rescue dogs while working in contaminated areas

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Novel Detection Systems• Research areas

– Developing a new type of field multichannel analyzer

• Use 3 orders of magnitude less power

• Improved computer control

– Integrated Circuit detectors• Charged particles• Neutrons• Gammas

– Flat Crystal spectrometers for XRF

• Use crystals to isolate energies• Improved signal‐to‐noise ratio of 

direct XRF measurements

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Robotics and Radiation Detection• All Hazard robots may not be 

best for high radiation environments

• Developing specialized robots to:– Take and transmit spectra from 

extreme radiation environments– Ability to take and analyze 

samples on board remote vehicle

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Nonproliferation Assessments• Proliferation risk analysis with 

MAUA

• Proliferator game analysis using agent‐based modeling

• Terrorism risk analysis using pathways models for State level nuclear security risks

• Latency assessments using Petri Net simulations

• Bayesian analysis for assessment of nuclear trade and blackmarketimpacts

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Selected Recent Theses and Dissertations• B. Goddard, “Quantitative NDA Measurements of 

Advanced Reprocessing Product Materials Containing U, Np, Pu, and Am” (2013)

• M. Grypp, “An Analysis of a Spreader Bar Crane Mounted Gamma‐Ray Radiation Detect...” (2013)

• Matt Sternat, “Development of Technical Nuclear Forensics for Spent Research Reactor Fuel” (2012)

• Chris Myers, “Quantitative Methodology for Assessing State Level Nuclear Security…” (2012)

• N. Chandregowda, “Assessment of … Verification of Spent Fuel in MACSTOR KN‐400 CANDU..” (2012)

• C. Conchewski, “Physical Security System Sensitivity to DBT Perturbations” (2012)

• A. Goodsell, “Flat Quartz‐Crystal X‐Ray Spectrometer for Nuclear Forensics…” (2012)

• A. LaFleur, “Development of SINRD to Measure … in Nuclear Fuel” (2011)

• E.T. Gitau, “Safeguards Approach for Pebble Bed Reactors” (2011)

• M. Mella, “Proliferation Pathways Analysis for State‐Level Proliferation” (2011)

• C. Ryan, “Determining the Impact of Concrete … for Radiation Portal Monitoring Systems” (2011)

• G. Hundley, “Nuclear Terrorism Pathways Analysis” (2010)

• A. Stafford, “SNF Self‐Induced XRF To Predict Pu To U Content” (2010)

• K. Miller, “An Inverse Source … for Radiation Portal Monitor Applications” (2010)

• J. Feener, “Safeguards For Uranium Extraction (UREX) +1A Process” (2010)

• R. Metcalf, “New Tool for Proliferation Resistance Evaluation …” (2009)

• C. Freeman, “Bayesian Network Analysis of Nuclear Acquisitions” (2008)

• A. Thornton, “Development of a Portable Neutron Coincidence Counter for Field Measurements …” (2008)

• D.G. Ford, “Assessment Tool for Nuclear Weapon Acquisition Pathways” (2008) 

• …

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Conclusions• NSSPI is an incredibly capable and productive group working 

in a vibrant and growing area of research and education

• Our greatest strength is our ability to connect across the TAMU campus but with a strong focus on nuclear engineering and the operational policy aspects

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Questions?