Reviewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty - Strategic Studies
TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research TAMU... · TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research ... •...
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TAMU Nuclear Nonproliferation Research
Claudio Gariazzo
Nuclear Security Science & Policy InstituteTexas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843‐3133
NSSPI Mission• We employ science, engineering, and policy expertise to:
– Conduct research & development to help detect, prevent, and reverse nuclear and radiological proliferation and guard against nuclear terrorism
– Educate the next generation of nuclear security leaders– Analyze the relationship between policy and technology in the field of
nuclear security– Serve as a public resource for knowledge and skills to reduce nuclear
threats
• NSSPI seeks multi‐disciplinary technological solutions to problems associated with the malevolent use of nuclear and radiological materials and integrating these technologies within a policy framework
NSSPI Campus and Customer Engagement• NSSPI engages with colleges and departments across TAMU
– Engineering, Science, Geosciences, Liberal Arts, Bush School, Agriculture and Life Sciences
• NSSPI customers include– DoD/DTRA, DHS/DNDO, DOE/NNSA, State Department, NRC– IAEA, CEIP– ZelTech, AREVA, SAIC, Luminant
NSSPI Array of Activities
Students• Graduate and UG courses in
safeguards, security, and safety• Program emphasizes both science
and policy concerns • Founded first INMM student chapter
Hands‐on Safeguards Education
• Short courses at National Laboratories
• Direct, practical experience with safeguards technology
Workshops• Domestic and international• Global nuclear security topics
Research• Innovative research on all aspects of
safeguards, security, and nonproliferation
Faculty / Scientist Exchange• NSSPI faculty travel to the National
Labs to teach courses• National Lab researchers maintain
joint faculty appointments
International Collaborations• International programs and
education support• INMM and ESARDA conferences and
workshops
Informing the Public• Paulo’s Corner daily news digest‐
news and research on global nuclear issues
• Searchable database of articles on NSSPI website
Distance Education• Lectures given to international
students through video conferencing• Nuclear Safeguards Education Portal
(NSEP)
Nonproliferation Education• TAMU has one of the most robust technical
nonproliferation education programs in the world
• Program includes: – graduate and undergraduate courses– Accredited MS degree in Nuclear Engineering
with a specialization in Nuclear Nonproliferation
– Interdisciplinary nuclear forensics certificate– Tabletop exercises involving political and
technical aspects of global nuclear security
• Other facts: – Approximately 35 students in the program– Over 50 M.S. and 14 Ph.D. degrees awarded
since the inception of NSSPI
Selected Courses• NUEN 605 – Radiation Detection and
Nuclear Materials Measurement
• NUEN 650 – Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control
• NUEN 651 – Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Material Safeguards
• NUEN 656 – Critical Analysis of Nuclear Security Data
• NUEN 489 – Nuclear Security System Design
• CHEM 689 – Radiochemistry and Nuclear Forensics
• MATH 644 – Inverse Problems in Nuclear Forensics
Selected Courses• NUEN 605 – Radiation Detection and
Nuclear Materials Measurement
• NUEN 650 – Nuclear Nonproliferation and Arms Control
• NUEN 651 – Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Material Safeguards
• NUEN 656 – Critical Analysis of Nuclear Security Data
• NUEN 489 – Nuclear Security System Design
• CHEM 689 – Radiochemistry and Nuclear Forensics
• MATH 644 – Inverse Problems in Nuclear Forensics
International Engagement• NSSPI is heavily involved in
international activities– Observer status at the IAEA
General Conference– Research collaborations with
Russia, France, India, and Japan – Educational collaborations in
UAE, Russia, India, UK, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Jordan
– Nuclear Facilities Experience for students in Japan, UK, France
Research
Combating Nuclear TerrorismA framework for detecting smuggled HEU, etc.
Nuclear Forensics and AttributionRapid attribution with XRF, spent fuel forensics, etc.
Safeguards Systems & Instrument DevelopmentPu measurement in spent fuel, IAEA instruments, etc.
Proliferation Risk AnalysisProliferation pathways analysis tools, nuclear latency, etc.
Ensuring the Peaceful Use of Nuclear EnergyDevelopment of high density LEU fuels, proliferation resistance methodologies, etc.
Arms ControlAnalysis of the U.S.‐India Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, etc.
NSSPI Research Program Areas Projects focus on small teams with multiple disciplines in each team, typically with at least one policy expert per team:• Engineering (nuclear,
mechanical, electrical, chemical, industrial, and computer science)
• Mathematics and Statistics• Physics• Chemistry• Political & Social Science• International Affairs• Agricultural and Life Sciences
Safeguards Instrumentation Development• PWR dry cask storage remote
monitoring system• CANDU dry cask re‐verification• TMFD for inline Pu measurements
at aqueous reprocessing plants• SINRD for pyroprocessing materials• Active interrogation DDA and
neutron coincidence counting• Epithermal neutron multiplicity
counter for MOX materials• Spent fuel safeguards
– NRF, XRF, PG– SINRD, PNAR, CIPN
Spent Fuel Safeguards• Combined SINRD‐PNAR
instrument developed with LANL– Designed by LANL and TAMU– Built by LANL– Measured spent fuel in Japan in
June 2013 with JAEA
Forensics• Pre‐detonation
– Signature development for low‐burnup CANDU and LMFBR Pu
– Analytical inverse models for research reactor and commercial power reactor spent fuel samples
– Analysis of trace U isotopes in ore samples
• Post‐detonation– Preprocessor for rapid analysis of
HEU and Pu IND’s– Field sampling unit for in‐field
alpha‐spec measurements– Integration of prompt diagnostic
with radiochemical flowsheet– Estimate the deterrence value of
forensics and attribution
Reactor Analysis• Simulate actinide and fission product inventories (with
systematic and random error component estimates) of irradiated fuels for various reactor systems using linked MCNP/ORIGEN– LWR, CANDU, LMFBR, NRX, PBMR, and SMR
Combatting Nuclear Smuggling• Strategic analysis of smugglers
• Analysis of environmental effects
• Analysis of background signatures
• Detector systems development
Consequence Management• The resources and equipment
required to evaluate and mitigate radioactive contamination over a large area– This includes land areas, people and
agriculture
• Research– Developing of portals and techniques
to detect radiation on livestock– Evaluation of radionuclide deposition
resulting from Fukushima – Evaluating potential doses received to
search and rescue dogs while working in contaminated areas
Novel Detection Systems• Research areas
– Developing a new type of field multichannel analyzer
• Use 3 orders of magnitude less power
• Improved computer control
– Integrated Circuit detectors• Charged particles• Neutrons• Gammas
– Flat Crystal spectrometers for XRF
• Use crystals to isolate energies• Improved signal‐to‐noise ratio of
direct XRF measurements
Robotics and Radiation Detection• All Hazard robots may not be
best for high radiation environments
• Developing specialized robots to:– Take and transmit spectra from
extreme radiation environments– Ability to take and analyze
samples on board remote vehicle
Nonproliferation Assessments• Proliferation risk analysis with
MAUA
• Proliferator game analysis using agent‐based modeling
• Terrorism risk analysis using pathways models for State level nuclear security risks
• Latency assessments using Petri Net simulations
• Bayesian analysis for assessment of nuclear trade and blackmarketimpacts
Selected Recent Theses and Dissertations• B. Goddard, “Quantitative NDA Measurements of
Advanced Reprocessing Product Materials Containing U, Np, Pu, and Am” (2013)
• M. Grypp, “An Analysis of a Spreader Bar Crane Mounted Gamma‐Ray Radiation Detect...” (2013)
• Matt Sternat, “Development of Technical Nuclear Forensics for Spent Research Reactor Fuel” (2012)
• Chris Myers, “Quantitative Methodology for Assessing State Level Nuclear Security…” (2012)
• N. Chandregowda, “Assessment of … Verification of Spent Fuel in MACSTOR KN‐400 CANDU..” (2012)
• C. Conchewski, “Physical Security System Sensitivity to DBT Perturbations” (2012)
• A. Goodsell, “Flat Quartz‐Crystal X‐Ray Spectrometer for Nuclear Forensics…” (2012)
• A. LaFleur, “Development of SINRD to Measure … in Nuclear Fuel” (2011)
• E.T. Gitau, “Safeguards Approach for Pebble Bed Reactors” (2011)
• M. Mella, “Proliferation Pathways Analysis for State‐Level Proliferation” (2011)
• C. Ryan, “Determining the Impact of Concrete … for Radiation Portal Monitoring Systems” (2011)
• G. Hundley, “Nuclear Terrorism Pathways Analysis” (2010)
• A. Stafford, “SNF Self‐Induced XRF To Predict Pu To U Content” (2010)
• K. Miller, “An Inverse Source … for Radiation Portal Monitor Applications” (2010)
• J. Feener, “Safeguards For Uranium Extraction (UREX) +1A Process” (2010)
• R. Metcalf, “New Tool for Proliferation Resistance Evaluation …” (2009)
• C. Freeman, “Bayesian Network Analysis of Nuclear Acquisitions” (2008)
• A. Thornton, “Development of a Portable Neutron Coincidence Counter for Field Measurements …” (2008)
• D.G. Ford, “Assessment Tool for Nuclear Weapon Acquisition Pathways” (2008)
• …
Conclusions• NSSPI is an incredibly capable and productive group working
in a vibrant and growing area of research and education
• Our greatest strength is our ability to connect across the TAMU campus but with a strong focus on nuclear engineering and the operational policy aspects
Questions?