Sesion7
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Transcript of Sesion7
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Imperatives & Infinitives for giving
“Suggestions”
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IMPERATIVES
Se usa para:
● Dar órdenes● Brindar sugerencias ● Hacer invitaciones
Es el tiempo verbal más fácil de aprender.
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Ejemplos
● Send● Stand up● Come in● Close● Turn on● Put in
● Se forma con la forma base del verbo, sin sujeto, aunque la expresión se dirige siempre a una segunda persona, ya sea singular o plural.
● Sabemos a quién nos referimos por el contexto, o bien por alguna referencia explícita que puede aparecer junto al verbo en imperativo.
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Ejempos
● Present
I work
I'm working
● Imperative
Work!
Let's work
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Afirmativa
● Come here (ven aqui)● Go there (ve allí)● Open the door (abre la puerta)● Leve her alone (dejenla sola)● Turn on the TV (Enciende la TV)● Turn off the radio (Apaga la Radio)● Be careful (sé cuidadoso)● Sit down (siéntate)
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Negativa
● Don't cross the street (no cruces la calle)● Don't say that (no digas eso)● Don't be so mean (no seas tan malo)● Don't fight (no peleés)● Don't drink so much (no bebas mucho)● Don't make noise (no hagas ruido)● Don't interrupt (no interrumpas)
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Let's = Let usSe usa para dar una orden en la cual uno mismo se incluye.
Afirmativo:● Let's work (trabajemos)● Let's make a party (hagamos una fiesta)● Let's play basketball (juguemos al basketbol)● Let's go to the movies (vayamos al cine)● Let's try to do it (tratemos de hacerlo)
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Let's = Let us
Negativo:● Let's not hurry (No nos apuremos)● Let's not do that (No hagamos eso)● Let's not waste time (No desperdiciemos tiempo)● Let's not go so fast (No vayamos tan rapido)● Let's not interrupt (No interrumpamos)● Let's not say anything (No digamos nada)● Let's not argue again (No discutamos de nuevo)
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Using Imperatives to Give Advice
● Podemos usar el imperativo + verb(ing) para dar consejos.
Examples using with your fat friend!:
● Start going to the gym.● Stop drinking so much coke.
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Using Imperatives to Give Advice
Examples using with your fat friend!:
● Consider switching to brown bread and rice.● Try cycling to work.● Do relaxing exercises.● Go running twice a week
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Adverbial clauses of time
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Adverbial Clauses of Time
Por su parte, la cláusula adverbial suele ir precedida por :
● Before (antes, antes de que)● When (cuando) ● After (después, después de que)● As soon as (tan pronto como, en cuanto)
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Adverbial Clauses of Time
● As long as (siempre que, mientras que)● Before (antes, antes de que)● While (mientras)● Till / Until (hasta, hasta que)● As (cuando – implica simultaneidad)● Now that (ahora que)● Once (una vez que)
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Adverbial Clauses of Time
● Since (desde que)● Wenever (siempre que)● Whilst (UK-> mientras que)
● Indican el momento en que se realiza la acción de la oración principal.
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Ejemplos
● Bill phoned after / before you called.● He told it to me as soon as he knew it.● Now that we have finished, let's have a coffee.● I'll tell you once I have done it.● I haven't seen him since we graduated. ● I'll wait till / until you help me.● I'll come whenever you call me.
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Ejemplos
NO se utiliza el futuro detrás de una conjunción de tiempo. Cuando queremos referirnos al futuro utilizamos una oración en presente detrás de la conjunción.
● We’ll send you a postcard when we arrive in Italy.
● As soon as you finish, we’ll leave.
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Ejemplos
Cuando nos referimos al pasado, utilizamos una oración en pasado simple detrás de la conjunción.
● We opened all the windows when we saw the smoke.
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Relative clauses of time
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Relative Clauses
Las “oraciones relativas” nos proporcionan información adicional sobre algo ya mencionado:
● The man who lives next door is Italian. (who se refiere a “the man”)
● She´s got a cat which she found in the street. (which se refiere a “a cat”)
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Relative Clauses of Time
● Es conveniente que aprendas a distinguir entre cláusulas adverbiales y principales en una oración.
● La cláusula principal (MAIN CLAUSE) contiene la información más importante de la oración mientras que la clausula adverbial (Adverbial Clause) complementa dicha información.
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Ejemplo
When a couple gets married, they often receive gifts.
(ADVERBIAL CLAUSE) MAIN CLAUSE
Con ligeras modificaciones en el texto, la cláusula adverbial puede usarse delante de la cláusula principal o detrás de la misma.
Si va ubicada delante, debe agregarse SIEMPRE una coma de separación
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Ejemplo
En cambio, si se encuentra después de la cláusula principal no lleva coma.
● When a couple gets married, they often receive gifts. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
● A couple often receives gifts when they get married MAIN CLAUSE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
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Ejemplos
Before a Japanese couple gets married,
they send wedding announcements.
Antes de casarse una pareja japonesa
envía participaciones.
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Ejemplos
● When they get married ,
they usually wear kimonos.
● Cuando se casan generalmente visten quimonos.
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Ejemplos
● After they return from the honeymoon ,
they move into their own home.
● Después que regresan de la luna de miel se mudan a su propio hogar.