Sathyathil sneham edited

kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw

NmIn-I-te-J\w

kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw(CARITAS IN VERITATE)

s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏

hnh¿Ø\w^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.-kn.-Un.

2009

CARMEL INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSETRIVANDRUM, KERALA, INDIA – 695 014

SATHYATHIL SNEHAM (Malayalam)Translation of the Encyclical Letter

Caritas in Veritate of His Holiness POPE BENEDICT XVI

TranslatorFr. Mathew Thundathil, OCD

ScrutinisorsFr. Bernardine Vallathara, OCD

Dr. Zacharias Kariyilakulam, OCDFr. Mathew Manthottathil, OCD

Fr. James Alakkuzhiyil, OCD

First PublishedJuly 2009

Published byCarmel International Publishing House

Trivandrum, India – 695 014e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Printed atSt. Joseph's Press

Trivandrum, India – 695 014

Cover DesignEdmond John

© Carmel International Publishing House

PriceRs. 40.00

Cum Permissu Superiorum

All rights reserved including the rights of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.

CIPH No. 147 July 2009 3000

D≈-S°w

t]Pv

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v 4

D]-Iaw 5

A≤ymbw 1

"P-\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn' \¬Ip∂ ktµiw 11

A≤ymbw 2

am\-h-hn-I-k-\w \ΩpsS Ime-L- -Øn¬ 17

A≤ymbw 3

kmtlm-Z-cyhpw kmº-Øn-I-

hn-I-k-\hpw ]uc-k-aq-lhpw 27

A≤ymbw 4

P\XIfpsS hnIk\w

AhImißfpw I¿Øhyßfpw ]cn-ÿnXn 35

A≤ymbw 5

am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ kl-IcWw 42

A≤ymbw 6

P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw kmt¶-XnIhnZybpw 52

D]-kw-lmcw 57

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ (Notes) 59

4

Carmel International Publishing House, Trivandrum www.latinarchdiocesetrivandrum.org

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

hnip≤ ]utemkv Ft -ky¿°v FgpXn: ""\mw C\n-ta¬, sX‰n-s‚ h©-\-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øm≥ a\p-jy¿Iui-e-]q¿hw \¬Ip∂ hI-X-bm¿∂ D]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS Im‰n¬ BSn-bp-e-bp-Ibpw XqsØ-dn-b-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNøp∂ inip-°-fm-I-cp-Xv. ]kvXpX, kvt\l-Øn¬ kXyw ]d-™p-sIm-≠v, inc- mb InkvXp-hn-te°v F√m-hn-[-Ønepw \mw hf-tc-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p'' (F-t^. 4:14- 15). c≠m-bncw h¿j-ßƒ°n-∏p-dw, hnip≤]utem-kns‚ h¿j-Øns‚ kam-]-\-Øn¬, 2009 Pq¨ 29- \v s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏ ""kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw'' F∂ Xs‚ aq∂m-asØ NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn¬ H∏p-h-®p.

a\p-jys‚ ""F√m-hn-[-Øn-ep-ap≈ hf¿®-bmWv,'' ka-K-hn-I-k-\-amWv Gsd i≤-]n-Sn-®p-]-‰nb Cu kmaq-lnI]t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚bpw A¥¿-[mc. kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw F∂ XØz-Øn\p Np‰p-amWv k -bpsSkmaq-lnI]t_m-[\w Xncn-bp-∂Xv[6] F∂v, Bap-J-am-bn-Øs∂ ]cn-ip-≤-]n-Xmhv ]d-™p-h-®p.

c≠mw hØn-°m≥ kq\-l-tZmkpw ]K-¤-cmb Xs‚ ap≥Km-an-I-fpsS ]t_m-[-\-ß-fp-sa-√mw, a\p-jy-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚-bpw s]mXp-\∑ F∂pw e£y-am-°n-bn-cp-∂Xv am¿]m∏ A\pkva-cn-®p. s]mXp-\∑ Imw£n-°p-∂-Xm-Is´; \oXn-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚-bpw Hc-hiy D]m-[nbpw [7]. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥am¿]m-∏-bpsS "P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bpsS (1967) Imen-I-amb Hcp XpS¿-®-sb∂v ""kXy-Øn¬ kvt\l-sØ'' hnti-jn-∏n-°p-hm-\m-Ipw.

hnI-k\w k¿thm-]cn Hcp ssZh-hn-fn-bm-sW-∂pw, Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw AXns‚ km£m-XvIm-c-Øn-\mbn hnfn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw [16] \n¿h-Nn-°p-tºmƒ; BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s‚-bpw, kmt¶-XnI]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sS-bpw, kºZvhyh-ÿ-bp-sS-bpw, `uXn-Ihpw AXn- u-Xn-I-hp-amb imkvX-hn-⁄m\imJ-I-fp-sS-bp-sa-√mw ]cn-[n-Iƒ°-∏p-d-Øp≈ Hcp am\w am¿]m∏ AXn\p \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. hnI-k-\-am-Is´ ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂Xv Hmtcm hy‡n-sbbpw F√m hy‡n-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS kmI-ey-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-tºm-gmWv[18]. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw \sΩ Ab¬°m-cm-°n-tb°mw F∂m¬ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fm-°p-∂n√ F∂p \nco-£n-°p-tºmƒ [19] k -bpsS ZuXyw kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ ka-K-X-bn-ep≈ Cu hf¿-®-bn-em-sW∂v ÿm]n-®p-I-gn-™p.

kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠Xpw hne-a-Xn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amb ]mY-anI aqe-[\w a\p-jy\msW∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ[25] km-º-ØnItaJe-bv°v Hcp ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w \¬Ip-I-bm-bn. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Pohs\AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ at\m- mhw bYm¿∞hnI-k-\-Øns‚ tI-µ-_n-µp-hm-sW∂v [28] hcp-∂p.

kz¥w P\-X-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kzbw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-Ibpw \n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-h-\mWv a\p-jy≥ [27] F∂v ASn-h-c-bn- p-]-d-bp-tºmƒ; hn-]-Wn-bp-sS-bpw, Itºm-f-Øn-s‚-bpw, e£y-ambn am‰p∂ em -Øn-s‚-bpw [21] kZm-Nm-c-an-√mØ kºZv-hyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw [45] hI-Xn-cn-hn-√mØ P\-\-\n-b-¥-W-Øn-s‚bpw [44] InS-a-’-c-ß-fp-sS-bp-sa-√m-an-S-bn¬ tNm¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv \n¿h-Nn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNtø≠ am\-hn-I-X-bmWv F∂Xv, hos≠-Sp-t°≠ Hcp sh-√p-hn-fn-bmbn \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ hbv-°p-∂p.

""temIw A]-I-S-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Nn¥-bpsS A`m-h-Øm-emWv''[53] F∂ t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ hm°p-Iƒ ho-≠pw D≤-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w, At\Iw Zo]vX-amb Nn¥-Isf Cu ]t_m-[\w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

C∂sØ kmº-ØnI hyh-ÿn-Xn°v Hcp ]pXnb k©m-c-]Yw [40] Bh-iy-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ B\p-Im-enI ]k-‡n-tb-dp∂ Cu ]t_m-[-\-tcJ IqSp-X¬ Kuc-hm-h-l-amb ]T-\hpw kzmwio-I-c-Whpw A¿ln-°p-∂p-≠v.

CXns‚ apJy-]-tabw a\p-jy-\m-Wv. ]mtbm-Kn-I-Z¿i\w, am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ ka-K-hn-I-k-\-hpw;""kvt\-l-Øn¬ kXyw ]d-™p-sIm-≠v, inc- mb InkvXp-hn-te°v F√m-hn-[-Øn-ep-ap≈ hf¿®.''

Cu ]cn- mj tIc-f-k- bv°p ka¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ \µn-bpsS Hcp hm°v; CXp km[y-am-°p-hm≥ klm-bn-®-h¿°pw, kzmKXw sNøp-∂-h¿-°pw.

^m. amXyp Xp≠-Øn¬, H.-kn.-Un.Ub-d-IvS¿, CIPH

5


D]-Iaw

1. tbip-InkvXp, Cu temI-Ønse Xs‚ Pohn-Xw-sIm≠v, ]tXy-In®v Xs‚ ac-Whpw Dbn¿∏pw-

sIm≠v, km£yw-h-ln® kXy-Ønse kvt\lw, Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw a\p-jy-cmin apgp-h-s‚bpw

B[n-Im-cnIhnI-k-\-Øn\p ]n∂n-se apJyNme-I-i-‡n-bm-Wv. \oXn-bp-sSbpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw

afi-e-Øn¬ [ochpw DZm-c-hp-ambn hym]cn-°p-hm\p≈ Xnc-s™-Sp∏nte°v P\-ßsf \bn-°p∂

Akm-am\yi‡n-bmWp kvt\-lw caritas. \nXy-kvt\-lhpw ]c-a-k-Xy-hp-amb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v

D¤-hn-°p∂ Hcp i‡n-bm-W-Xv. X\n-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤Xn ]q¿Æ-ambn km£mXvIcn-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n B ]≤Xn ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xs‚ \∑ Is≠-Øp-

∂Xv: Cu ]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Abmƒ Xs‚ kXyw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw B kXysØ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-eqsS

kzX-¥-\m-hp-I-bpw (cf. tbml. 8:22) sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ k-Xyw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw hn\-b-tØmSpw

DØa t_m[y-tØm-Spw-IqSn AXp kv]jvS-am-°p-Ibpw Pohn-XØn¬ AXn\p km£yw-h-ln-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI F∂Xv, kvt\l-Øns‚ \n¿_-‘n-Xhpw A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-hp-amb cq]-ß-fm-Wv. kvt\lw

hmkvX-h-ambpw ""kXy-Øn¬ B\-µn-°p∂p'' (1 tImdn. 13:6). b-Ym¿-∞ kvt\-lØn-\p≈ B¥-cnI-

]tNm-Z\w F-√m a\p-jycpw A\p- -hn-°p∂p: kvt\lhpw kXyhpw Ahsc Hcn-°epw ]q¿W-ambn

ssIhn-Sp-∂n-√; Imc-Ww Hmtcm a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bp-sSbpw lrZ-b-Ønepw a\- n-epw ssZ-hw \nt£-]n-

®ncn°p∂ hnfn-bm-Wn-h. kvt\-l-Øn\pw kXy-Øn-\pw-th-≠n-bp≈ At\z-j-W-sØ, \ΩpsS a\p-

jyXzw AXn-te°p sIm≠p-hcp∂ Zcn-Zm-h-ÿ-bn¬-\n∂v tbip-InkvXp ip≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hntam-

Nn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-]q¿W-amb ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°epw A-hn-Sp∂p \ap-

°p-th≠n Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ bYm¿∞-Po-hn-X-Øn-\p≈ ]≤-Xnbpw A-Xns‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ InkvXp

\ap°p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-cp-∂p. kXy-Øn-¬ kvt\lw InkvXp-hn¬ Ahn-SpsØ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚

kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw

(Caritas in Veritate)kvt\l-Ønepw kXy-Øn-epap≈ a\p-jys‚

ka-K-amb -hn-I-k-\-sØ-°p-dn®v

saXm-∑m¿°pw sshZn-I¿°pw Uo°-∑m¿°pw

k\ym-kn-\o-k-\ym-knam¿°pw Aevam-b-

hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw k∑-\- p≈ kI-e¿°pw

]cn-ip≤]nXmhv s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-as‚

NmIn-I-te-J\w kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw

6


ap-J-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p Ahn-SpsØ ]≤-Xn-bpsS kXy-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-

Z-c-∑msc tk-hn-°m-\p≈ hnfn. AsX, \n›-b-am-bpw Ahn-Sp∂p Xs∂-bmWp kXyw (cf. tbml.

14:6).

2. k -bpsS kmaq-ln-I-]-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn-emWv kvt\lØns‚ ÿm\w. B ]t_m-

[\w \n¿t±-in-®n- p≈ Hmtcm DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw kvt\l-Øn¬\n∂p hcp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tbip ]Tn-∏n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v kIe \nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw cXv\-®p-cp-°-amWv (cf. aØm. 22:36-˛40) B

kvt\lw. ssZh-hp-ambpw Ab-ev°m-c-\p-am-bp-ap≈ hy‡n-_-‘-Øn\p bYm¿∞ Dƒ°mºv \evIp-

∂Xv AXmWv; (kvt\-ln-X¿, IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ F∂n-h-cp-amtbm sNdnb kaq-l-ßƒ°p-≈ntem

D≈) kq£va-Xe _‘-ß-fpsS amX-a-√, (km-aq-ln-I, kmº-Øn-I, cmjvSo-b) hnim-e- Xe-ß-fn-ep≈

_‘-ß-fp-sSbpw ]n∂n-ep≈ XØz-am-W-Xv. kphn-ti-tjm-]-tZ-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, k -sb

kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw kvt\l-amWv k¿h-kzw. hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂Xpt]m-sebpw (cf.1tbml. 4:8,16), ""ssZhw kvt\l-am-Ip∂p'' (Deus Caritas Est) F∂ BZy NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn¬

Rm≥ A\p-kva-cn-®-Xp-t]msebpw F√m-‰n-s‚bpw D¤hw ssZ-h-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øn-emWv; F√mw

AXn-\m¬ cq]-s∏- p; -F√mw AXn-te°p \bn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p. a\p-jy-cm-in-°p≈ ssZh-Øns‚

G‰hpw h-enb kΩm-\-amWp kvt\-lw. Ahn-SpsØ hmKvZm-\hpw \ΩpsS ]Xym-i-bp-am-WXv.

Zp¿hym-Jym\w sNø-s∏-Sm\pw [m¿Ωn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬-\n∂v am‰n-\n-dp-Øm\pw GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn¬

hne-bn-Sn®p ImWm-\p-ap≈ km[y-Xbv°v CSw-sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠v, kvt\lw sX‰mbn k¶-ev]n-°-s∏-

Sp-I-bpw A¿∞-c-ln-X-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXpt]mcp-∂-Xns‚ \m\m-hn-[-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Rm≥ t_m[-

hm-\m-Wv. kmaq-ln-I, ss\bm-an-I, kmwkvIm-cn-I, cmjvSo-b, kmº-ØnI afi-e-ß-fn¬ a‰p

hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, Cu A]-I-S-km-[yX G‰hpw IqSp-X-ep≈ cwK-ß-fn¬ [m¿-ΩnI DØ-c-

hm-ZnØw hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xnepw AXn\p Znimt_m[w \¬Ip-∂-Xnepw A]-k-‡-sa∂p ]d™v

kvt\lsØ Ffp∏w X≈n-°-f-bp-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, hnip≤ ]utemkv Nq≠n-°m-Wn® kvt\l-

Øn¬ kXyw (F-t^. 4:15) F∂ A\p-I-a-Øn¬ amX-a-√, kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw F∂ AXns‚ ]Xn-

tem-ahpw A\p-]q-c-I-hp-amb Ia-Øn-epw kvt\lsØ k-Xy-tØmSp _‘n-∏n-t°≠ Bh-iy-ap-≠v.

kXysØ kvt\l-Øns‚ ""hyhÿ''bn¬ tXSp-Ibpw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw ]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-tø-

≠-Xm-Wv. AtX-k-abw kvt\lsØ kXy-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Kln-°p-Ibpw ÿnco-I-cn°pIbpw

A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw thWw. Cßs\ \mw, kXy-Øm¬ ]_p-≤-am-°-s∏´ kvt\-l-sØ tkhn-°pI

amX-a-√, kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ]mtbm-KnI Ac-ßn¬ kXy-Øns‚ \n¿_-‘-]q¿hhpw B[n-

Im-cn-I-X-tb-Ip-∂-Xp-amb i‡n ]-Im-in-∏n-®p-sIm≠v B kXy-Øn\p hnizm-ky-X- \¬Ip-hm≥ klm-

bn-°p-I-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. k-Xy-Øn\p Imcy-ambn sNhn-sIm-Sp-°m-sXbpw A-Xns‚ A-kvXnXzw AwKo-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ h¿≤n-X-amb ssh-apJyw ]I-Sn-∏n®pw kXy-sØ Bt]-£n-I-h-XvI-cn-°p∂ C∂sØ kmaq-

ln-I- -kmw-kvIm-cnI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ CXv H´pw \n m-c-a-√mØ Imcy-am-Wv.

3. kXy-hp-am-bp≈ Cu D‰-_‘w hgn, am\-hn-I-X-bpsS B[n-Im-cnI ]Im-i-\-ambpw _lp-P-\-

kz-`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh AS-°-ap≈ a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-fn-se auen-I-]m-[m-\y-ap≈ LS-I-ambpw

kvt\lsØ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. kXy-Øn¬ amXta kvt\lw sh´n-Øn-f-ßp-∂p-≈q; kXy-

Øn¬ amXta kvt\lw- B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn Pohn-°s∏Sp-∂p-≈q. kvt\l-Øn\v A¿∞hpw aqeyhpw

\¬Ip∂ shfn-®-amWp kXyw. bp‡n-bpsSbpw hnizm-k-Øns‚bpw shfn-®amW-Xv. AXn-eq-sS-bmWv

_p≤n kvt\l-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-Ihpw AXn-kzm- m-hn-I-hp-amb kXy-Øn-te°v FØp-∂Xv: Zm\hpw

kzoI-c-Whpw Iq´m-bvabpw F∂ \ne-bv°p-≈ A¿-∞w AXn\p Ic-K-X-am-Ip-∂p. k-Xyw-Iq-Sm-sX,

kv-t\lw sshIm-cn-I-X -am-X-ambn Xcw-Xm-gp-∂p. X∂n-jvSw-t]m-se \nd-bv°m-\p≈ iq\y-amb Hcp

]pdw-tXm-Smbn kvt\lw amdp-∂p. kXyw-Iq-Sm-sX-bp≈ Hcp kwkvIm-c-Øn¬, kvt\l-Øn\v A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ amcI sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wn-Xv. A\n-›n-X-amb hy‡y[n-jvTnX hnIm-c-ßƒ°pw A`n-

]m-b-ßƒ°pw AXv Cc-bm-hp∂p; FXn-c¿∞w [z\n∏n-°p-∂nS-tØmfw hsc ""kvt\lw'' F∂ ]Zw

Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnIr-X-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. _‘-ß-fn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw kmaq-ln-I-

hp-amb D≈-S°w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hnIm-c-]-c-X-bp-sSbpw, am\-hn-Ihpw km¿h-Xn-I-hp-amb Hcp

7


afiew \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ôtZ-bnkØns‚bpw ]nSn-bn¬\n∂v kXyw kvt\-lsØ kzX-¥-am-°p-

∂p. kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw Htc-k-abw kvt\-lhpw kXy-hp-am-b; kvt\lhpw hN-\-hp-am-b, ss__n-

fnse ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn-s‚ hy‡n-]-chpw F∂m¬ s]mXp-kz- m-h-ap-≈-Xp-amb XesØ

]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p.

4. kXyw \nd-™-Xm-b-Xp-sIm≠v kvt\lsØ AXns‚ aqey-ß-fpsS kº-∂-X-bn¬ a\- n-em-

°m-\mhpw; AXp ]¶p-h-bv°m\pw hn\n-abw sNøm-\p-am-hpw. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, Ccp- -h-N-\sØ (diá-logos) kr-jvSn-°p∂ hN\w (lógos) BWp kXyw. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, AXns‚ Iq´m-bvabpw

hn\n-a-bhpw Xß-fpsS hy‡n-\njvTamb A`n-]m-b-ßƒ°pw tXm∂-ep-Iƒ°pw A∏pdw sN√p-hm≥

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS, kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S∂v hkvXp-°-fpsS

aqeyhpw Dƒ°mºpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ Hcp-an-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v kXyw a\p-jysc A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p.

kXyw \ΩpsS a\- p-Isf kvt\l-Øn-s‚ hN-\(lógos)Øn¬ Xpd-°p-Ibpw sF-Iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p: CXmWp kvt\l-Øns‚ ssI-kvXh]tLm-j-Whpw km£y-hpw. k-XysØ Bt]-£n-

I-h-XvI-cn-°m≥ hym]-I-amb ]h-W-X-bp≈ C-∂sØ kmaq-ln-I- -kmw-kvIm-cnI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬,

ssIkvX-h-aq-ey-ßƒ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv \-s√mcp kaqlw sIń-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw a\p-jys‚ bYm¿-

∞-hpw ka-K-hp-amb hnI-k-\-Øn\pw D]-Im-c-]Zw amX-a√ Ah-iym-h-iy-hp-am-sW∂v P\-ßƒ Kln-

°p-∂-Xn-\v, kXy-Øn-ep≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ ]-tbm-K-h-XvI-cWw klm-bn-°pw. kXy-an-√mØ kvt-\-

l-Øn-t‚-Xmb Hcp InkvXp-a-X-Øn\p ]I-c-am-Im≥, kmaq-ln-IsFIy-Øn\p k-lm-b-I-amb kZvhn-

Im-c-ß-fpsS Hcp Iq´p-sIń\v Ipsd-sbms° Ign-t™°mw; F∂m¬, AXn\p Xosc-°p-d™ ]k-

‡ntb D≠m-hpI-bp-≈q. a‰p-hm-°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, At∏mƒ ssZh-Øn\p temI-Øn¬ icn-bmb

Hcp ÿm\-hpap-≠m-bncn-°p-Ibn-√. kXyw IqSm-sX-bp≈ kvt\lw _‘-ß-fn-√mØ Hcp k¶p-NnX

afi-e-ambn Npcp-ßp-∂p. ⁄m\-hpw I¿-Ωhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn¬, km¿h-XnI Xe-Øn-ep≈

a\p-jy-hn-I-k-\sØ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifnepw ]In-b-I-fn-epw -\n∂v AXp am-‰n-

\n-dp-Øs∏Sp-∂p.

5. kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xpw \¬I-s∏-Sp∂-Xp-amb kvt\lw (love) BWv D]hn (charity). AXp

""Ir]'' (cháris) bmWv. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn\v ]pX-\mb ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-

Øns‚ Dd-hbn¬\n-∂mWv AXp hcp-∂-Xv. ]p-X-\n¬\n∂p \Ωn-te°p kvt\lw Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂p.

\ap°p A-kvXn-Xzw Xcp∂ krjvSyp-∑pJ kvt\-l-am-WXv; \sΩ ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°p∂ c£m-Ic kvt\l-

am-W-Xv. kvt\-lw InkvXp-hn-\m¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw k∂n-ln-X-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw (cf. tbml.

13:1) ""]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-eqsS \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn-te°p sNmcn-b-s∏-Sp-I-bpw'' (tdm-am. 5:5) sNøp∂p.

ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\-l- mP\-ß-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ kvt\l-Øns‚ I¿Øm-°-fm-hp-

Ibpw, ssZh-kvt\lw sNmcn-bm\pw kvt\l-irwJeIƒ s\øm\pw Ign-bpw-hn[w Xß-sf-Ø-s∂

Ir]bpsS D]-I-c-W-ß-fm-°m≥ A-h¿ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xpw \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb kvt\l-Øn-s‚ Cu Ne\mflI-X-bmWv k -bpsS kmaq-ln-

I-]-t_m-[-\-Øn\p P∑w \evIp-∂-Xv. AXv kaq-l-Øn¬ In-kvXp-hns‚ kvt\l-k-Xy-Øns‚ ]tLm-

j-Wam-Ip∂p (Caritas in veritate in re sociali). kvt\l-Øn-\p-≈ Hcp tkh-\-amWv Cu ]-t_m-

[\w; F∂m¬ kXy-amWv AXns‚ k©m-c-]-Yw. A\p-kyqXw amdp∂ Ncn-X-kw- -h-ß-fn¬ hntam-

Nn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ i‡nsb kXy-amWp kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw ]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xv. AXv Htc-kabw hnizm-k-Øns‚ kXyhpw bp‡n-bpsS kXy-hp-am-Wv c≠p ⁄m\-a-fi-

e-ß-fp-sSbpw hyXn-cn-‡-X-bnepw Ah-bpsS GI-tI-µm- n-ap-Jy-Øn-epw. hnI-k-\w, kmaq-ln-I-t£-

aw, am\-h-cmin t\cn-Sp∂ Kpcp-X-c-amb kmaq-ln-I- -km-º-ØnI ]iv\-ß-fpsS ]cn-lm-c-Øn-\p≈

At\z-j-Ww F∂n-h-bv-s°-√mw Cu kXyw Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXn-e-[nIw Ahbv°v Bh-iy-ap-≈Xv Cu

kXyw kvt\ln-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw-sNø-W-sa-∂p-≈Xm-Wv. kXyw-Iq-Sm-sX, kXy-

am-b-Xn-ep≈ Dd∏pw AXn-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw IqSm-sX, km-aq-lnI a\- m-£ntbm km-aq-ln-I D-

Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øtam C√. kmaq-lnI]h¿Ø\w kzIm-cy-Xm-ev]-cy-ß-sfbpw A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ \ymb-

8


hm-Z-sØbpw tk-hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ sN∂p-tN-cpw. C∂-tØ-Xp-t]mse hnj-aw-]n-Sn® ImesØ BtKm-f-

h-XvIrXkaq-l-Øn¬ ]-tXy-In-®pw, kmaq-lnI hnL-S-\-am-bn-cn°pw CXns‚ êw.

6. ""kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw'' F∂ XØz-Øn\p Np‰p-amWv k -bpsS kmaq-lnI ]t_m-[\w Xncn-

bp-∂-Xv. [m¿Ωn-I-]-hr-Ønsb `cn-°p∂ am\-Z-fi-ß-fn¬ B XØzw ]mtbm-Kn-I-cq]w ssIs°m-

≈p-∂p. A[n-I-a-[n-I-ambn BtKm-f-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ ]Xn-_-≤-

Xsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw khn-ti-j-]-k-‡n-bp≈ c≠p- Im-cyßƒ amXw ]tXyIw ]cm-a¿in-

°m≥ Rm\m-K-ln-°p∂p: \o-Xn-bpw s]mXp-\-∑-bpw.

BZy-am-bn, \oXn. Ubi societas, ibi ius: Hmtcm kaq-l-hpw AXn-s‚-Xs∂ \oXn kzbw cq]o-I-cn-

°p-∂p. kvt\lw \oXn-sb IS-∂p-\n-ev°p∂p; ImcWw kvt\-ln-°p-I-sb-∂m¬ \evIp-I-bm-Wv,

""Ft‚Xv '' a‰p-≈-h¿°p \evIp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn\p \oXn C√m-sX t]mhp-∂n-√. at‰-bmƒ°v

""Abm-ƒ°p≈Xv'', Abm-fpsS AkvXn-Xz-Øm-tem I¿Ω-Ømtem Abmƒ°-h-Im-i-s∏- -Xv, \evIp-

hm≥ \oXn \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hcmƒ°v \o-Xn-bm¬ Ah-Im-i-s∏- Xv BZyw \evIm-sX, Ft‚-Xv

Abmƒ°p ""\evIp-hm≥'' F\n-°p Ign-bpIbn-√. D]-hn-bm¬ \mw a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh-

¶n¬, H∂m-a-Xp-Xs∂ \ma-h-tcmSp \oXn-bp≈hcm-bn-cn-°pw. \oXn kvt\l-Øn\p ]pd-Ø-s√-∂p amX-

a-√, AXp kvt\l-Øn\p ]I-ctam AXn\p kam-¥-ctam Bb Hcp ]mX-bp-a√: \oXnsb kvt\l-

Øn¬\n∂p th¿]n-cn-°m-\m-hn√,1 kvt\l-Øns‚ A-hn- m-P y- m-K-am-W-Xv. \oXn-bmWp kvt\l-Øns‚

]mY-anI ]mX, As√-¶n¬ t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ AXns‚ ""Ah-iyw-th≠ G‰hpw Ipd™

Afhv;''2 hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ \sΩ Blzm-\w-sN-øp∂ ""]hr-Øn-bnepw kXy-Øn-ep-ap≈'' (1 -tbml.

3:18) kvt\l-Øns‚ Ahn- m-P y- mKamWXv. Hcp hiØv kvt\lw \oXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p: hy-‡n-I-

fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw \ymb-amb Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS AwKo-Imchpw Ah-tbm-Sp≈ BZ-chpw.

\nb-ahpw \oXn-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v ùan-I-\-Kcw ]Wn-bm≥ AXp ]cn-i-an-°p-∂p. adp-h-i-Øv, kv-t\lw

\oXnsb AXn-i-bn-°p-Ibpw \evI-en-s‚bpw am∏p-\-evI-en-s‚bpw \ymb-hm-Z-Øn¬ AXp ]q¿Øn-

bm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.3 shdpsX Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-sSbpw IS-a-I-fp-sSbpw _‘-ßƒsIm≠p amX-a-

√, AXn-t\-°mƒ alØpw auen-I-hp-amb hym]vXn-bn¬, kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw Icp-W-bp-sSbpw

Iq´m-bva-bp-sSbpw _‘-ß-fm-emWp uan-I-\-Kcw t]mjn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I. kvt\lw F√m-bvt]mgpw a\p-

jy-_-‘-ß-fn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂p; temI-Øn¬ \oXn-°m-bp≈ k¿h-]-Xn-

_-≤-Xbv°pw AXv ssZh-im-kvX-]-chpw c£m-I-c-hp-amb aqeyw \evIp-∂p.

7. s]mXp\∑-bmWv as‰mcp ][m\ ]cn-K-W-\. Hcmsf kvt\ln-°p-I-sb-∂m¬, Abm-fpsS \∑

Imw£n-°p-Ibpw AXv Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\p ê-]-Z-amb \S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-Wv.

hy‡n-bpsS \∑-bvs°m∏w kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp \∑-bpap≠v: s]mXp-\-∑. hy‡n-

Iƒ, IpSpw-_-ßƒ, sNdp-kaq-l-ßƒ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ H∂p-tN¿∂v kaq-l-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ ""\mta-h-

cp-sSbpw'' \∑-bm-WXv.4 AXv AXn-\p-th-≠n-Ø-s∂-bp≈ Hcp \∑-b-√, kaq-l-Øn-epƒs∏-Sp∂ P\-

ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ \∑-bmWv; Ah¿°p-amXta AXn-\p-≈n¬ bYm¿∞-Ønepw e-]-Z-ambpw Xß-

fpsS \∑ tXSm-\m-Iq. s]mXp-\∑ Imw£n-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-th≠n ]cn-i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv

\oXn-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-iy- D-]m-[n-bmWv; kaq-lsØ ""\-Kcw'' (pólis) B°n-s°m≠v

Hcp-h-iØv AXn-s‚ Pohn-X-Øn\v ss\bm-an-I-ambpw s]mXp-hmbpw cmjvSo-b-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-

I-ambpw LS-\-tb-Ip∂ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS kap-®-b-tØmSv Hu’p-Iy-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bpw, adp-h-iØv

AXp ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂XmWv s]mXp-\-∑-bv°mbn \ne-sIm-≈pI F∂-Xn-

\¿∞w. \ΩpsS Ab¬°m-cpsS b-Ym¿-∞ Bh-iy-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v Hcp s]mXp\∑-bv°m-bn \mw

FX-tØmfw bXv\n-°ptam AX-tØmfw ê-]-Z-ambn \ma-hsc kvt\ln-°p-∂p. Xs‚ hnfn°v

CW-ßp-∂Xpw Cu ""\Kc''Øn¬ X\n-°p≈ kzm-[o-\-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-hp-amb hn[-Øn¬ Cu kvt\lw

A\p-jvTn-°m≥ Hmtcm ssIkvX-h\pw hnfn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXmWp kvt\l-Øns‚ ÿm]-

\-]-c-amb ]mX - \ap-°-Xns\ kvt\l-Øn-s‚ cmjvSo-b-]mX F-∂pw hn-fn-°mw. ""\Kc''-Øns‚

ÿm]-\-]-c-amb a[y-ÿ-Xbv°p]pdØv Ab¬°m-cs\ t\cn´p I≠p-ap-´p∂ kvt\l-sØ-°mƒ

Hu¬Ir-jvSytam ê-]m-]vXntbm Ipd-™-X√ CXv. kvt\l-t]-cn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ, s]mXp-\-∑-

9


tbm-Sp≈ ]Xn-_-≤-Xbv°v shdpw aX-\n-c-t]-£hpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb \ne-]m-Sn-s\-°mƒ aqey-ap≠v.

\oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ F√m ]Xn-_-≤-X-sb-bpwt]mse, uanI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \nXy-Xbv°p hgn-

sbm-cp-°p∂ ssZhn-I-kvt\-l-Øn-s‚ km-£y-Øn-\p-≈n¬ AXn\p ÿm\-ap-≠v. kvt-\-l-Øm¬ ]-

tNm-Zn-Xhpw ]cn-t]m-jn-X-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jys‚ uan-I-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, a\p-jy-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚

Ncn-X-Øns‚ e£y-amb km¿h-XnI ssZh-\-K-c-Øns‚ \n¿Ωn-Xnbv°v D]-I-cn-°p-∂p. A[n-I-a-[n-I-

ambn BtKm-f-h-XvIr-X-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kaq-l-Øn¬, `uan-I-\-K-csØ sFIy-Ønepw im¥n-

bnepw Hc-f-hp-hsc Ahn- ‡ ssZh-\-K-c-Øns‚ ap≥-Im-gvNbpw ap∂m-kzm-Z-\-hp-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-

Ø-Ø-°-hn[w, s]mXp-\-∑bv°pw AXn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cn-i-a-Øn\pw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-

s‚bpw, AXm-bXv P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw cmjvS-ß-fp-sSbpw Iq´m-bva-bpsS,5 am\w kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-

\m-hn-√.

8. 1967-˛¬ Fs‚ hµy-\mb ap≥Kman t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m∏ ""P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn''

(Populorum Progressio) F∂ NmIn-I-te-J\w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®-t∏mƒ, P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\w F∂

al-Ømb ]ta-bsØ kXy-Øns‚ ]`bpw InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ kuay-sh-fn-®hpwsIm≠p

Zo]vX-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Pohn-X-amWp hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]Y-ahpw ]ap-J-hp-amb LS-

I-sa∂v 6 At±lw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS apgp-lr-Z-b-tØmSpw k¿h-_p-≤n-tbm-Spw-IqSn hnI-k-\-

Øns‚ ]mX-bn¬ bmX-sN-øm-\p≈ ZuXyw7 \sΩ Gev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXm-bXv kvt\l-

Øns‚ AXyu-’p-Iy-tØmSpw kXy-Øns‚ hnth-I-tØm-Spw-IqSn A]-Imcw sNøp-hm≥. kΩm-\-

Øn-\mbn \Ωp-sS- Po-hnXßƒ Xpd-°p-Ibpw am¿K-at[y A\n-hm-cyambpw D≠m-Im-hp∂ XS- -ßsf

adn-I-S∂v t\Sm-hp∂ ""a\p-jys‚ apgp-h\pw kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw hnI-k-\''sØbpw8 ""Gsd am-\p-

jn-I-a-√mØ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v IqSp-X¬ am-\p-jn-I-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fn-te-°p≈ ]ptcm-KXn''-

sb-bpw9 Ipdn-®p≈ ]Xymi km[y-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂, ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øns‚ BZna- k-Xy-

am-W-Xv \Ωn¬ sNmcn-b-s∏´ Ir]-bm-W-Xv.

B NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øns‚ ]kn-≤o-IcW-Øn-\p-tijw \mev]-Xn-e-[nIw h¿jw Ign-™v, kaK

a\p-jy-hn-I-k-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ alm-\mb t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m∏-bpsS ]t_m-[-\-ßƒ C°m-e-

Øn-\p-th≠n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ø-°-hn[w ho≠pw ]cn-tim-[n®pw Ah krjvSn® ]mX-bv°p-≈n¬

Nph-Sp-d-∏n®pw At±-l-Øn\v ARvP-en-b¿∏n-°m\pw B ]p-Wy-kva-c-Wsb BZ-cn-°m\pw Rm\m-K-

ln-°p-∂p. ""P-\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn''bpsS Ccp-]Xmw hm¿jnIw ]-am-Wn®v ssZh-Zm-k≥ tPm¨

t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ Fgp-Xnb ""kmaq-ln-Iu-’pIyw'' (Sollicitudo Rei Socialis) F∂ NmIn-I-

te-J-\-tØm-sS-bmWv B\p-Im-enI km-l-N-cy-ßƒ°p-th≠n ap≥ kmaq-ln-I-]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚

XpS¿]-tbmKw Bcw- n-®-Xv. AXp-hsc ""\ho\ hyh-ÿnXn'' (Rerum Novarum) amXta Cu hn[-

Øn¬ A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p-≈q. ho≠p-an-t∏mƒ Ccp-]Xp h¿jw Ign-™v, sFIy-Øn-te-°p≈

a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS ]bm-W-Øn-\p-ta¬ shfn®w hoip∂ ""P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn''sb Cu bpK-Øn-

s‚ ""\ho-\-hy-h-ÿnXn''bmbn Im-Wm-\mhpw F∂ Fs‚ t_m[yw Rm≥ ]I-Sn-∏n-°-s´.

9. A\p-I-a-ambpw hym]-I-ambpw BtKm-f-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ temI-Øn¬ k -bv°p≈

al-Ømb sh√p-hn-fn-bmWv kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw caritas in veritate. P\-ßfpw cmPy-ßfpw XΩn¬

]c-am¿∞-Øn¬ D≈ ]c-kv]-cm-inXXz-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-amb tXmXn¬ a\- m-£n-I-fp-sSbpw a\- p-I-

fp-sSbpw [m¿ΩnI ]Xn-]-h¿Ø\w D≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂-XmWv \ΩpsS Ime-Øn-s‚ ]iv\w. bp‡n-

bp-sSbpw hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®-Øm¬ Zo]vX-amb kvt\l-Øn¬ amX-ta, IqSp-X¬ am\-hn-

Ihpw IqSp-X-embn am-\-ho-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb aqey-ap≈ hnI-k-\-e-£y-ßƒ ]n¥p-S-cm-\m-hq. shdpw

kmt¶-Xn-I-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpw D]-tbmKtbm-Ky-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ _-‘-ß-fpw-sIm-≠-√, a\-

m-£n-I-fp-sSbpw kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚bpw At\ym-\y-X-bn-te°p ]mX-Xp-d∂v \∑-bm¬ Xn∑sb Iog-S-

°p∂ (cf. tdmam. 12:21) kvt\l-Øns‚ i-‡n-sIm-t≠, B[n-Im-cnI hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ] -h-am-b,

hkvXp-hn- -h-ß-fpsS ]¶p-hbv]v Dd-∏m-°m-\mhq.

k`bv°p kmt¶-Xn-I-]-cn-lm-c-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-°m-\n√;10 ""`c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpsS cmjvSo-b-Øn¬ Hcphn[-

Ønepw CS-s]-Sm≥'' Ahƒ Ah-Im-i-ap-∂-bn-°p-∂p-an√.11 AtX-k-a-bw, a\p-jy-\n-W-ßnb Hcp kaq-

10


l-Øn-\m-bn, Ahs‚ al-Øz-Øn-\m-bn, Ahs‚ hnfn-°m-bn, GXp ka-bØpw kml-N-cy-Ønepw

\nd-th-‰m-≥ Ahƒ°p kXy-Øns‚ Hcp ZuXy-ap-≠v. kXy-an-s√-¶n¬, I¿Ω-Øns‚ \ne-hm-csØ

hne-bn-cp-Øm-\pw AXns\ \bn-°m\pw th≠ aqey-ßƒ Nn-e-t∏mƒ A¿∞-ßƒ Xs∂bpw Kln-

°m-\p≈ Xm-ev]cy-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬, B I¿Ω-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-te-°p-b-cmsX Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v ]co-£-

Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈Xpw kwi-b-K-kvX-hp-amb Hcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ sN-∂pNmSm≥ Ffp-∏-amWv. a\p-

jy-t\m-Sp≈ hniz-kvX-X-bv°v kXy-tØm-Sp≈ hniz-kvXX Bh-iy-am-Wv. kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw (cf. tbml.

8:32) kaK a\p-jyhn-I-k\ km[y-Xbv°pw D≈ Dd∏v AXp amX-am-Wv. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ k` kXyw

tXSp-Ibpw AXv A£o-Ww ]tLm-jn-°p-Ibpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-S-sØ-√mw AXns\ Xncn-®-dn-

bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kXy-Øn-s‚ Cu ZuXyw k`bv°v Hcn-°epw Dt]-£n-°m-\m-hn-√. Ah-fpsS kmaq-

ln-I-]-t_m-[\w Cu ]-tLm-j-W-Øns‚ Hcp ]tXyI am\-am-Wv. \sΩ kzX-¥-cm-°p∂ kXy-Øn-

\¿∏n-°p∂ tkh-\-am-W-Xv. GXp hn⁄m-\-im-J-bn¬\n∂p hcp-∂-Xm-bmepw k-Xy-tØm-Sp Xpd-hn-

tbm-sS-bn-cp∂v k -bpsS kmaq-ln-I-]-t_m-[\w AXp kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw, AXp ]I-S-am-°-s∏-Sp∂

iI-e-ßsf sFIy-Øn-te°p Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw, P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw cmjvS-ß-fp-sSbpw k-aq-l-Øns‚;

\nXyhpw amdp∂ Pohn-X-co-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Ahbv°p am[yÿw hln°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.12

11


A≤ymbw H∂v

"P-\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn'(Populorum Progressio)\¬Ip∂ ktµiw

10. ]kn-≤o-I-cWØns‚ 40˛mw h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp∂ "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn', t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ BsI]t_m-[-\-ß-fpsS khn-tij]›m-Ø-e-Ønepw, k -bpsS kmaq-ly-]-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ shfn-®-Ønepw C∂v hmbn-°p-tºmƒ kvt\l-Øn\pw kXy-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈AXns‚ Blzm-\-Øn¬ Dd®p \n¬°p-hm-\mWv \mw £Wn-°s∏Sp-∂Xv. amX-hp-a√ hnI-k-\-Øns‚]iv\-ßƒ C∂v ssI-Imcyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ hyXykvX \n_-‘-\-Iƒ°v 40 h¿jw apºp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-bp-ambn Xpe\w sNøp-tºmƒ Hcp ]pØ≥ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ B-h-iy-hp-amWv. AXn-\p≈ icn-bmbho£Ww ]I-cp-∂-Xm-Is´ A∏kvtXme hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]mc-º-cy-amWv,13 ]mNo-\hpw F∂m¬ \qX-\hp-amb Hcp ss]XrIw. AXn\v ]pd-Øm-bm¬ "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bpw thcp-I-fn-√mØ HcptcJ amX-amhpw hnI-k-\-sØ kw_-‘n® ]iv\-ßƒ, tIhew kmaq-lyimkvX-]-c-amb hnh-c-ßfpw.

11. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ kam-]n® DSs\ Xs∂-bmWv "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' ]kn≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- Xv. AXns‚ BZy -J-WvUn-I-Ifn¬Xs∂ Iu¨kn-ep-am-bp≈ A-Xns‚ _‘w hy‡-ambn ]c-ma¿in-®n-´p-ap≠v.14 Ccp-]Xph¿j-ßƒ°ptijw tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥, "kmaq-ln-Iu-’pIy'Øn¬ (Solicitudo Rei Socialis) apI-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in® NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn\v Iu¨kn-ep-ambn,]tXy-In®pw AXns‚ AP-]m-e-\sØ kw_-‘n® ]amW-tcJ-bmb "B\-µhpw ]Xo-£-bp' 15 ambp≈(Gaudium et Spes) e-]-Z-amb _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v FSpØp ]d™p. t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ NmInIteJ-\-Øn\pw Xp-S¿∂p≈ am¿]m-∏-amcpsS F√m kmaq-lnI ]-t_m-[-\m[n-Im-cØn\pw c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-en-\p≈ kzm[o-\sØ ChnsS A\p-kva-cn-°p-hm≥ Rm\pw BK-ln-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ipiq-j-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v k`, kvt\l-Ønepw kXy-Ønepw temI-tk-h-\-Øn-em-sW∂, F°m-e-sØbpw hnizm-k-k-XysØ Iu¨kn¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn®p. Cu ]T-\-Øn¬\n∂psIm-≠v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ c≠v kp]-[m\ kXy-ßƒ apt∂m´p h®p. H∂m-a-tØXv CXmWv: B-tKmf k`Ah-fpsS kØ apgp-h-\nepw F√m ]-hrØn-I-fnepw, hN\w ]tLm-jn-°p-tºmgpw, BtLm-j-ß-fnepw, Ah-fpsS D]hn ]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw hym]r-X-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv kaK am\hhnI-k-\-Øn\p th≠n-bmWv. k`bv°p Ah-fpsS hnZym- ymk D]-hn-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°∏pdw Hcp s]mXp-Zu-Xy-ap≠v: am\-h-Ip-e-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw hniz-km-tlm-Z-cy-Øn-\p-ambn Ahƒ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Du¿÷w ]I-S-am-°p-hm-\m-Ip-∂Xv Ahƒ-°p kzX-¥-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ BIp-tºm-gmWv.B kzmX-¥yw, \ntcm-[-\-ßfpw ]oV-\-ßfpw hgn XS-k-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Ah-k-c-ßƒ Ipdh√. k -bpsS s]mXp-km-∂n[yw, Ah-fpsS D]-hn-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ amX-ambn HXp-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw CXpXs∂-bmWv kw -hn-°p-∂Xv. c≠m-asØ kXyw CXmWv: bYm¿∞ am\-h-hn-I-k\w F∂Xv a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsS kºq¿-Æ-Xsb, Ahs‚ F√m am\-ß-sfbpw kv]¿-in-°p-∂ hnI-k-\amWv.16 \nXy-Po-h-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-√mØ Cu temI-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-amb am\h]ptcm-KXn, izmkwhnSm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-XmWv. Ncn-X-Øn¬ AXv kº-Øns‚ kam-l-cWw amX-ambn A[x]-Xn-°p∂p.Aßs\ am\-h-k-aq-l-Øn\v D∂-X-amb \∑-I-fpsS tkh-\-Øn\pw, BtKmf D]-hn-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂, \nkzm¿∞-amb ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°-ep-Iƒ°p-ap≈ ss[cyw tNm¿Øn-°-f-bp∂p. a\p-jy≥ kz¥w i‡n-sIm≠p amXw ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-°p-∂n-√. ]ptcm-KXn shdpsX Ahs‚ssII-fnte°v \¬Im\pw Ign-bn-√. am\-h-Ip-e-Øns‚ icn-bmb hnI-k\w km£m-Xv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cq]oI-cWw amXw aXn-bmb Dd-∏m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]e-t∏mgpwIW-°m-°-s∏- n-cp∂p. \n-›nX e£y-ßƒ Xms\ \nd-th-‰p-hm≥ Ah ]m]vX-am-sW∂ a´n¬ \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ AØcw ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ AanX ]Xo-£-Iƒ A¿∏n-°-s∏´p. F∂m¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ÿm]-\-ßƒ aXn-bm-Ip-∂n-√. ImcWw, a\p-jys‚ ka-K-hn-Ik\w ]Y-a-ambn Hcp ssZh-hn-fn-bmWv.AXp-sIm≠v Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Ah-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øßƒ kzX-¥-ambpw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-tØm-

12


sSbpw Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Ign-b-Ww. amX-hp-a√ AØcw ]ptcm-KXn AXn- u-Xn-I-am-b- Hcp ]ptcm-K-XnBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. A-Xn\p ssZhsØ Bh-iy-ap-≠v. Ahn-Sp-sØ°q-SmsX hnI-k\w H∂p-In¬C√m-XmIpw As√-¶n¬ AXv X\n°p Xs‚ c£ ssIh-cn-°m-\m-hp-sa∂v IpSp-°n¬s∏´p Nn¥n-®pt]mIp∂ a\p-jys‚ am-Xw ]hr-Øn-bmhpw. a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-a-√mØ Hcp hnI-k-\-Øn¬, AXp Iem-in-°p-∂p. ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn-eqsS amX-amWv a‰p-≈-hsc tI-hew PohnIƒ F∂-Xn-\-∏pdwIW-°m-°m-≥ \ap°p Ign-bpI;17 Ah\n¬ ssZhnIOmb AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm-\m-hpI; Aßs\tb""a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw XmXv]-cy-hp-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p∂''18 kvt\l-Øn¬ ]IzX ]m]n-°p-hm\pw km[n°q.

12. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨knepw "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ kmaq-ly-]-t_m-[\m[n-Imcw ap≥Ime am¿]m-∏-am-cpsS ]t_m-[-\m[n-Im-cß-fn¬\n∂v `n∂-am-sW∂v A¿∞-am-°p-∂n-√. ImcWw Iu¨kn¬ \S-Øn-bXv k`mPohn-X-Øns‚ XpS¿-®-bn¬ Cu]t_m-[-\ßsf kw_-‘n® Bg-Øn-ep≈ At\z-j-W-am-Wv.19 Cu ImgvN-∏mSv k -bpsS kmaq-ly-]-t_m-[-\-ßfpsS GXm\pw Aaq¿-Ø-amb D]-hn- m-K-ß-fp-≠m-°n hy‡X \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Cham¿]m-∏-am-cpsS kmaqly]t_m-[-\-ßsf Ah-bv°p A\y-amb Imc-W-ßƒ ]d™v Hmtcm hn`m-K-ambn Xcw Xncn-°p∂p. ]c-kv]c`n-∂amwhn[w Iu¨kn-en\p apºp-≈h-sb∂pw Iu -kn-en\ptijwD≈-h-sb∂pw c≠p-Xcw kmaq-ly-]-t_m-[-\-ß-f√ k -bv°p-≈Xv; adn®v, Htckabw am‰w C√m-ØXpw F-∂m¬ \n-Xy--\qX-\-hp-amb Hcp ]-t_m-[-\-am-Wv k -bv°p-≈-Xv.20 Hcp am¿]m-∏-bp-sS-tbm,as‰mcp am¿]m-∏-bp-sS-tbm ]t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚-tbm, Hcp NmInI-teJ-\-Øn-s‚tbm as‰m-∂n-s‚-tbmkhn-ti-j-X-I-fn-te-°p i≤ BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw BI-am\ ]t_m-[\ßsf-∏-‰n-bp≈21 Imgv-N-∏mSv \jvS-am-Ip-∂Xpw thsd Imcy-ß-fmWv. BsI-ØpI F∂Xv Hcp kwhn-[m\w F-∂¿∞-am-°p-∂n-√. adn®v e`n® shfn-®-tØm-Sp≈ Ne-\m-fl-I-amb hniz-kvX-X-bm-W-Xv. F°m-ehpw cq]w-sIm-≈p∂ ]pXnb ]-iv\-ßsf k -bpsS kmaq-ly-]-t_m-[\w am‰-an-√mØ shfn-®-Øn-eqsS F∂pw ]-Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p.22 AXp k -bpsS ]t_m-[\-]-c-amb ""ss]Xr-IsØ'' A-Xns‚ \nXy-hpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb kz`m-htØmSp-IqSn Im-Øp]cn-]m-en-°p∂p.23 CXv k -bpsS F∂pw Pohn-°p∂ ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Ahn- mP yLS-I-am-Wv.24 At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ k`m-]nXm-°-∑m¿°v ssIam-dp-Ibpw ]n-∂oSv k -bpsS alm-th-Z-]m-cw-K-X-∑m¿ kzoI-cn®v hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ASn-Ø-d-bmWv k -bpsS km-aqly]t_m-[-\-Øn-\p-≈Xv. ""kvt\lw Hcn-°epw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√'' (1 tImdn. 13:8) F∂ XØz-Øn¬ ASn-Ø-d-bn´ Cu hnizm-k-]-amWw, "]pXnb a\p-jy'-s\-bmWv e£yw hbv-°p-∂Xv; ""Pohm-flm-hmbnØo-cp∂ Ah-km-\sØ BZsØ'' (1 tImdn. 15:45). hn-ip-≤-cpsS Pohn-X-ßfpw \oXn°pwkam-[m-\-Øn\pw th≠n \ΩpsS c£-I-\mb tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Poh≥ ka¿∏n-®-hcpw CXn\v ASn-h-c-bn-Sp∂p. kphn-ti-j-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-\p≈ ]p-Ø≥ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf hnth-Nn-®-dn-bp-hm\pw InkvXp-hns‚ k -bv°v A∏kvtXm-en-I-amb am¿K\n¿tZiw ]I-cm\pw am¿]m-∏bv°p≈]hm-NIZuXy-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°m-c-am-WnXv. C°m-cWßƒsIm≠v k -bpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ alm-]-hm-l-Øn-s‚ `mKamb ""P\-X-IfpsS ]ptcm-KXn'' C∂pw \tΩmSv kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-X-tX.

13. k -bpsS kmaqly]t_m-[-\hpam-bp≈ s]m-Xp-hmb _‘-Øn\p ]pdsa, t]mƒ Bdm-a≥am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]t_m-[-\m[n-Imchpambpw, ]tXy-In®pw km-aqly ]-t_m-[-\m[n-Imchp-ambpw ""P\-

X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn''°v hfsc A-SpØ _‘-ap≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ km-aq-ly ]-t_m-[-\-ßƒ \n›-b-ambpw kp]-[m-\-ß-fp-amWv. kvt\l-Øm¬ ]-tNm-Zn-X-amb Hcp kw-kv-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ncn-X-]-chpw amXr-Im-]q¿Æ-hp-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬, \o-Xn-bnepw kam-[m-\-Øn-epw A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp kaqlw sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-\p≈ Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hmØ ]m-[m-\y-Øn\v At±lw ASn-hcbn´p. kmaqly-]-iv\-ßƒ temI- hym-]-I-ambn- p-s≠-∂v25 t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw,25 am\-h-Ip-e-Øns‚ sFIy-Øn-\m-bp≈ Zml-hpw, kvt\l-Øn-epw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn-epw H∂mb P-\-X-I-fpsS GI Ip-Spw-_-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ ssI-kvX-hZ¿-i-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-_-‘w At±lwIs≠-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. am\-hn-Ihpw ssIkvX-hn-I-hp-amb

ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ hnI-k-\sØ a-\- n-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ, ssI-kvX-hkmaq-ly-k-tµ-i-Øn-s‚ lrZbwAt±lw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw ]ptcm-K-Xn°m-bp≈ bXv\-ß-fpsS ]-[m\ i‡n ssIkvXh-kvt\-l-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ka-Im-eo\-cmb a\pjy¿°p InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\lw

P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn \¬Ip∂ ktµiw

13


]q¿Æ-ambpw Z¿in-°m-\m-hWw F∂ Nn¥-tbmsS, At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-L- -Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI_e-lo\-X-Iƒ°p hiwhZ-\m-ImsX [m¿ΩnI-]iv\-ß-sf t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ i‡-ambn t\cn´p.

14. 1971- se "F¨]-Xm-am-≠ns‚ hc-thmsS' (Octogesima Adveniens) F∂ Xs‚ A∏-kvtXm-enIteJ-\-Øn¬, t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ cmjvSob-Øns‚ A¿∞-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ [m¿ΩnI am\-hnI-am\-ßsf A]-I-S-Øn-em-°p∂ Dt´m-]y\pw BZ¿i-]-c-hp-amb \ne-]m-Sp-I-fpsS A]-I-S-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂p. hnI-k-\-hp-ambn Gsd _‘-s∏- -hn-j-b-ß-fmWv Chbpw. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬\ntj-[m-flI Z¿i-\-ß-ƒ i‡-ambns°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. C∂v Gsd ]_-e-am-bn- p≈ kmt¶-XnI ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn®pw,26 hnI-k-\-Øns‚ F√m ]In-bbpw kmt¶-XnI- hnZy-bv°pamXw `c-taev]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xnse A]-ISw, AXm-bXv AXn-\p-≠m-Ip∂ e£y-`wiw a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ A∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In-bn-cp∂p. kmt¶XnIhnZy AXn¬ Xs∂ t\m-°n-bm¬ ]c-kv]chncp-≤-amb H∂mWv. Hcp hiØv, Nne¿ C∂v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ ]In-bbpw kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bn¬ A¿∏n-°p-hm≥ apXn-cp-tºmƒ adp-h-iØv hnI-k-\sØ am\h-hn-cp-≤-ambn, hne-bn-Sn-°p∂tkmX-kmbn I≠v AXns‚ F√m hnebpw \ntj-[n-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ s]m´n-ap-f-bv°p-∂Xv \mwImWp∂p. CXv, hnI-k\w Nne-t∏mƒ apt∂-dp∂ hnI-ehpw A\ym-b-hp-amb ]mXsb amX-a√, icn-bmbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hf¿®-bv°p≈ Ah-k-c-ambn amdm-hp∂ imkvXobI≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßsfØs∂ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. hnI-k-\-an-√mØ temI-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈Bibw ssZ-h-Ønep≈ A -b-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-\n-ep-≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚bpw Ip-d-hns\ kq-Nn-∏n-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ hgn-am-‰-ßsf \nb-¥n-°p-hm-\p≈ a\p-jy-ti-jnsb Ah-a-Xn-°p-∂Xpw As√-¶n¬ a\p-jy≥ LS-\m-]-c-ambn "hep-Xm-Ip-hm≥' e£yw hbv°-s∏- n- p-≈-h-\m-sW∂bmYm¿∞ysØ Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂Xpw Kuc-h-X-c-amb sX‰m-Wv. kmt¶-XnIhf¿®sb BZ¿i-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂Xpw a\p-jys‚ BZn-am-h-ÿ-bn-te-°p aS-ßm-sa∂ Dt´m-]y≥ Bi-bsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw]ptcm-K-Xn-sb [m¿ΩnI-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en¬-\n∂pw Aßs\ \Ωp-sS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-Øn¬-\n∂pw th¿s]-Sp-Øp∂ ]c-kv]chncp-≤-ß-fmb c≠p hgn-I-fmWv.

15. t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ ASpØ c≠p tcJ-Iƒ, "a\p-jy-Po-h≥' (Humane Vitae) (Pqsse 25, 1968)F∂ NmInI te-J-\hpw, "kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cWw B[p-\n-I-tem-I-Øn¬' (Evangelii Nuntiandi)(Unkw-_¿ 8, 1975) F∂ A∏-kvtXm-enI ]t_m-[-\hpw kmaqly ]t_m-[-\-hp-ambn t\cn´p _‘-ap-≈-h-b-s√-¶nepw, k` \n¿-t±in°p∂ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ kºq¿Æ-amb am\-hnI A¿∞sØ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn¬ ][m-\-s∏- -h-bm-Wv. AXpsIm≠v Cu tcJ-I-sfbpw "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'-bpambn _‘-s∏-SpØn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv k-lm-b-Ic-amWv.

ssewKn-I-X-bpsS H∂m-°p-∂Xpw, krjvSn-°p-∂-Xp-amb A¿∞sØ, "a\p-jy-Po-h≥' ASn-h-c-bn-Sp∂p. AXp-sIm≠v kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-Ød, hyXy-kvXX \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠pw F∂m¬ ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ambpw XΩn¬Ø-Ωn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp kv-Xobpw ]pcp-j-\p-amWv, AXm-bXv hnhm-ln-X-cmb Zº-Xn-I-fmWv. AXp-sIm≠v B Zº-Xn-Iƒ Poh-t\mSp Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cmWv.27 AXp hy‡n-]-c-ambn amXap≈ [m¿-Ωn-I-X-bpsS ]iv\-a√. Pohn-X-Øns‚ [m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw kmaqly [m¿Ωn-I-XbpwXΩn-ep≈ i‡-amb IÆn-Iƒ "a\p-jy-Po-h≥' hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw, AXn-eqsS tPm-¨t]mƒ c≠m-as‚ Nm-InI teJ\w "Pohs‚ kphn-tijw' ("Evangelium Vitae') 28 AS°ap≈ tcJ-I-fn-eqsSk -bpsS ]t_m-[\w kmh-Imiw hy‡-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ ]pXnb Ime-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohs‚ [m¿-Ωn-I-Xbpw kmaqly [m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu _‘w k` AXn-i-‡-ambn ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂p≠v. AXpw ""kaq-l-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ alØzw, \oXn, kam-[m\wXpS-ßnb aqey-ßsf Hcp hiØv D-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw F∂m¬ adp-h-iØv a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-sØ, ]tXy-In®pw AXp Xo¿Øpw Zp¿_-ehpw ]m-¥-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏- -Xp-amb CS-ß-fn¬ hne-Ip-d-™Xm-°p-Ibpw\in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn-ItfmSv k-ln-jvWpX ]pe¿Øp-Itbm AwKoI-cn-°p-I-bptam sN-øp-tºmƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ i‡-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fmWv C√m-Xm-Ip-∂Xv F∂ ]q¿Æ-t_m[y-tØmsSBWv k` Aßs\ sNøp-∂Xv.''29

""kphn-ti-jhpw a\p-jys‚ ]®-bmb Pohn-Xhpw X-Ωnep≈, AXns‚ sshb-‡n-Ihpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb Xe-ß-fn¬ D≈, Ahn-cm-a-amb ]c-kv]c_‘w IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cWw Hcn-°epw ]q¿Æ-am-In-s√∂'' 30 t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ hm-°p-Iƒ Xs∂ "kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-cWwB[p-\n-I-tem-I-Øn¬' F∂ A∏-kvtXm-enI ]t_m-[\w hnI-k-\-hp-ambn Gsd _‘-s∏- -Xm-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hmWv. ""kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-Whpw am\h ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw XΩn¬ AXm-bXv hnI-k-\hpw hntam-N-\hpw XΩn¬ Bg-Øn-ep≈ _‘-ap≠v.''31 Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬t]mƒ Bdm-a≥, InkvXphns\ ]tLm-jn°epw kaq-l-Ønse hy‡n-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ hy‡-am-°p∂p. \sΩ kvt\-ln-°p∂ tbip-InkvXp kºq¿Æ hy‡n-sb-°p-dn®p


14


XXv]-c-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v, ""\oXn°pw kam-[m-\-Øn\pw hnI-k-\-Øn-\pw th≠n-bp-≈ b-Xv\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ InkvXp-kvt\-l-Øns‚ km£yw kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ A-hiy `mK-amWv.''kphn-ti-j-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ Ah-iy-L-S-I-amb k -bpsS kmaq-ly-]-t_m-[-\-ß-fpsS anj-\dn kz`m-h-Øns‚32 ASn-ÿm-\-ambn Cu kp]-[m\ ]t_m-[-\-ßƒ ]cn-W-an-°p∂p.33 k -bpsS kmaq-ly-]-t_m[\w hnizm-kw ]tLm-jn-°p-Ibpw AXn\v km-£yw-h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hnizmk cq]oI-c-W-Øns‚ D]-I-c-W-hpw Ahiy ]›m-Ø-e-hp-am-WnXv.

16. hnI-k\w AXns‚ D¤-h-Ønepw kØ-bnepw ]Y-ahpw ][m-\-hp-ambn Hcp ssZh-hn-fn-bm-sW∂v "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bn-eqsS t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ ]Tn-∏n®p: ""ssZ-hnI ]≤Xn A\p-k-cn®vHmtcm hy‡nbpw ]ptcm-KXn ssI-hcn-°p-hm\pw kz¥w ZuXyw km-£m-XvI-cn-°p-hm\pw hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p; Imc-Ww Hm-tcm Pohn-Xhpw Hmtcm ssZh-hn-fn-bmWv.''34 hnI-k-\-Øns‚ F√m ]iv\-Ønepw k` CS-s]-Sp∂-Xn-s‚ bp‡n CXmWv. hnI-k\w a\pjyPohn-X-Øn-s‚ kmt¶-XnI hi-ß-fn¬ amXw HXp-ßp-∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬; AXm-bXv AXn\p Ncn-X-Øn-eqsS kl-a-\p-jy-cp-samØv, a\p-jy≥ \S-Øp∂ Xo¿∞m-S-\-Ønepw A-Xns‚ A¿∞-Ønepw e£y-Ønepw XmXv]-cy-an-s√-¶n¬, k`bv°vCsX-°p-dn®v kwkm-cn-°p-hmt\ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-In√. X\n°p apºv entbm ]Xn-aq∂ma≥ "\ho-\-hy-h-ÿnXn'-bneqsS35 sN-bvX-Xp-t]mse t]mƒ Bdm-a\pw, Xs‚ Ime-L- -Ønse km-aq-ly-]-iv\-ß-fpsS ta¬ kphn-tij ]Im-iw sNmcn-bpI36 F∂ Xs‚ ]Z-hn-bpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv Xm≥\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv F∂ t_m[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

hnI-k-\sØ Hcp ssZhhnfn-bmbn AwKoI-cn-°p-I F∂m¬ Hcp-h-iØv AXv AXn- u-Xn-I-ambHcp -hn-fn-bmWv F∂pw adp-h-iØv AXv AXn-\m¬-Øs∂ AXns‚ ]c-a-amb A¿∞w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v Ign-hn-√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw D≈ Xncn-®-dn-hm-Wv. NmInIteJ-\-Øns‚ as‰mcp `mKØpw""ssZhhnfn'' F∂ ]Zw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xp shdp-sX-b√. AhnsS \mw Cßs\ hmbn-°p∂p: ""]c-a-am-b-Xn-t\mSv Xpd-hn-bn-√m-ØXpw a\p-jyPohn-X-Øn\v AXns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w ]I-cp∂ hnfn-sb-°p-dn®v t_m[y-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp am\-hn-I-Xbpw icn-b√.''37 hnI-k-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu Im-gvN-∏m-SmWv "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bpsS Im-X¬. kzm-X-¥y-sØ-°p-dn®pw, kXy-sØ-°p-dn-®pw hnI-k-\-Ønse D]-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p-sa-√m-ap≈ t]mƒ B-dm-as‚ Nn¥-I-fp-sSbpw ]n∂nepw C-Xp-≠v. A-XmWv B NmIn-I-te-J\w \ΩpsS Ime-Øpw Imen-Iw BIp-∂-Xn\v Hcp ][m\ ImcWw.

17. kzX-¥hpw DØ-c-hmZnØ-]q¿Æ-hp-amb Hcp ]Xyp-Øcw A\n-hm-cyam-°p∂ H∂mWv ssZh-hn-fn. ka-K-amb am\-h-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw DØ-c-hmZnØ]q¿Æ-ambkzmX-¥yw A\n-hm-cy-amWv. am\p-jnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-ØØn-\-√msX as‰mcp kwhn-[m-\-Øn\pw CuhnI-k\w Dd-∏p hcp-Øm-\m-hn√. ""hmKvZm-\-ßƒ \evIp-Ibpw F-∂m¬ hymtam-l-ßƒ amXw D≠m-°p-Ibpw sN-øp∂ anin-lm-cq-]-ßƒ''38 (Messianisms) Ah-cpsS hm-Zw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øp-∂Xv, AXp]q¿Æ-ambpw Xß-fpsS hn\n-tbm-K-Øn\pth≠n amXw D≈-Xm-sW∂ Nn¥-bn¬ hnI-k-\-Øns‚AXn- u-Xn-I-amb am\-ßƒ \ntj-[n®psIm≠mWv. Cu I]S kpc-£n-XXzw hgn CXp a\p-jys\A[-:ÿn-Xnbnte°p \bn-°p∂p. hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p≈ tIhew D]-I-cWw amX-am°n AX-hs\ A[-:]-Xn-∏n-°p∂p. F∂m¬ hnI-k-\sØ Hcp hnfn-bmbn IW-°m-°p-∂-h-cpsS hn-\bw bYm¿-∞ kzbw-\n¿Æ-b-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p∂p; ImcWw, AXv Ahsc kzX-¥-cm-°p∂p. XS- ßfpw D]m-[n-I-fpsScq]-ßfpw hnI-k-\sØ XS™p-\n¿-Øp∂p F∂-Xn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-a\v kwibw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.F∂m¬, ""Xs∂ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ F-s¥-√m-sams° Bbmepw ""Hmtcm hy-‡n-bpw Xs∂-bmWv Ahs‚ hnP-b-Øn-s‚tbm tXm¬-hn-bp-sStbm hn[m-Xmhv'' F∂pw At±-l-Øn\p Xo¿®bp≠m-bn-cp∂p.39 \mw hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ hnI-k-\sØ Cu kzm-X-¥yw _m[n-°p-∂p≠v. AXv BI-kvan-I-amtbm Ncn-X-]-c-amb A\n-hm-cyX sImt≠m A√m-Xp≈, a\p-jy-s‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw sIm-s≠∂p]d-bm-hp∂ Ahn-I-k-\-Øns‚ F√m kml-N-cy-ß-sfbpw _m[n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ""ZmcnZywA\p- -hn-°p∂ P\X kº-Øn-\m¬ A\p-K-ln-°-s∏- -h-tcmSv Xoh-amb A`y¿∞\ \S-Øp-∂Xv.''40

CXpw Hcp hnfn-bmWv; G-Xm\pw kzX¥ hy‡n-Iƒ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw ]¶p-h-bv°m≥ Npa-X-e-bp-≈-h-sc∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ th-sdm-cpIq´w kzX-¥-hy-‡n-I-tfmSv \S-Øp∂ Blzm-\w. t]mƒ Bdma\vkmº-ØnI LS-\-I-fp-sSbpw kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v XnI™ Ah-t_m[wD≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah am\h kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ß-fm-h-W-sa∂ t_m[yhpw At±-l-Øn\p≠m-bn-cp∂p. kzX-¥-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ amX-amWv hnI-k-\-Øn\p ka-K-ambn am\-hn-I-am-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv. DØ-c-hm-ZnØt_m[-ap≈ kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚ A¥-co£-Øn-te CXn\p Xr]vXn-I-camw-hn[w hf-cm-\mhq.

18. ka-K- am-\hhnI-k\w Hcp hnfn F∂ \ne-bn¬ kzmX-¥y-Øn-s\m∏w AXns‚ kXy-tØm-Sp≈ B-Z-chpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. ]ptcm-K-Xn-°p≈ hnfn \sΩ ""IqSp-X¬ hf-cp-hm≥ th≠n (to


15


be more) IqSp-X¬ sNøp-hm\pw, IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp-hm\pw IqSp-X¬ t\Sphm\pw'' t]cn-∏n-°p∂p.41

Chn-sS-bmWv bYm¿-∞ ]-iv\w. IqSp-X¬ hf-cpI F∂m¬ F¥mWv? bYm¿-∞ hnI-k-\-Øns‚kz`mhw F¥m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂v Nq≠n-°m- n-s°m≠v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ Cu tNm-Zy-Øn\v DØcw \evIp∂p.AXv ""ka-K-am-bn-cn-°-Ww; AXm-bXv, Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw BsI hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw \∑-bv°pImc-W-am-IWw.''42 C∂sØ kaq-lw apt∂m´phbv°p∂ ]c-kv]cw a’-cn-°p∂ \nc-h-[n-bmb \c-hw-i-imkvX ho£-W-ßƒ°p \Sp-hnepw, t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ ImeØv Ah C∂-sØ-°mƒ A[n-I-am-bn-cp∂p; ssIkvXhho£-W-Øn\v Hcp ]tXy-I-X-bp≠v; a\pjyhy‡n-bp-sSbpw Ahs‚ hf¿®-bp-sSbpw D]m-[n-I-fn-√mØ aqeysØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-WXv. hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ ssIkvX-h-hnfn Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw BsI hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw apt∂-‰-Øn-\p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-t]m-se ""\mw kp]-[m-\-ambn Icp-Xp-∂Xv a\p-jy-s\-bmWv.Hmtcm hy‡n-sbbpw Hmtcm kaq-l-sØbpw a\p-jy-Ip-esØ BsI Xs∂bpw \mw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.''43 hnI-k-\sØ t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, ssIkvXh-hnizmkw F-s¥-¶nepw B\p-Iq-eyß-fntem A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bntem ÿm\-ß-fntem F∂√ ssIkvX-h-cpsS tbmKyXI-fntem (CØ-c-°m¿ Ds≠-∂Xpw kzm`m-hnI ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈nepw Ah¿ D≠m-bn-cn°pw F∂Xpw bm-Ym¿∞y-amWv)44 Bi-bn-°p-∂n√, ]ns∂tbm kaK am\-h-hn-I-k-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ F√m bYm¿∞ hnfnbpwe£ywhbvt°≠ InkvXp-hn-te°mWv \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F√m hnI-k-\-Øn-\pw kphn-ti-jw HcSnÿm-\-am-Wv. ImcWw kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ InkvXp ""]nXm-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn®pw D≈ cl-ky-Øns‚ shfn-]m-Sn-eqsS am\-h-Ip-e-Øn\p AXn-s\-Ø-s∂-bmWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv.''45 Xs‚ I¿Øm-hn-\m¬ ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏´ k`, Ime-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ß-sf ]cn-tim-[n-°p-IbpwhymJym-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v, Xs‚ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-bmbn Ahƒ°p-≈Xv am\-h-Ip-e-sØbpw a\p-jy-s\bpw Ipdn®p≈ BtKm-f-ho-£-Ww,46 temI-Øn\p \¬Ip∂p. a\p-jy\v ssZhwhf-sc kp]-[m-\-amb Cu ""A\p-aXn'' (Yes) \¬-Ip∂p F∂ H‰-°m-cWw47 sIm≠pXs∂ Xs‚hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n b-Xv\n-°p-hm-\p≈ ssZh-hn-fn-tbmSv Xpdhn ImWn-°p∂-Xn¬ a\p-jy≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏´pIqSm. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ AXns‚ ]q¿-Æ-X-bm-Wv. AXv Hmtcm hy‡n-sb-bpwF√m hy‡n-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ bYm¿-∞ hnI-k-\-am-hn√. CXmWv "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bpsS C∂pw F∂pw ]k-‡-amb ImX¬. kjvSm-hmb ssZh-Øn-s‚ hnfn-°p≈ ]Xyp-ØcwF∂ \ne-bn¬48 kzm- m-hnI Xe-Øn-ep≈ ka-K-hn-I-k\w hy‡n°v AXn- u-Xn-I-amb ]c-tam-∂X]q¿ÆX ]I-cp-∂Xpw, AXm-bXv Ahs‚ hy‡n-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ ]c-tam-∂X e-£yw t\Sp-∂XpwBb am\-hn-IX Bh-iy-am-°p-∂p.'49 AXp-sIm≠v Cu hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ ssI-kvX-h ssZhhnfn°vkzm- m-hnI-X-ehpw AXn-kzm`m-hnI X-e-hpw D≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv, ""ssZhw A]-Xy-£-am-Ip-tºmƒkzm`m-hnIIa-sØbpw AXns‚ e£y-sØ-bpw \∑-sbbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ \ΩpsS ti-jnbpwIpd-™p-hcp-∂Xv.''50

19. Ah-km-\-ambn, hnI-k\w Hcp ssZh-hnfn F∂ ImgvN-∏mSv D]-hnsb hnI-k-\-Øns‚a¿Ωÿm\Øv ]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p. Ahn-I-k-\-Øns‚ ]mY-anI ImcWw `uXn-I-Iaw As√-∂mWv"P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' F∂ NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn-eqsS t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv. hy‡n-I-fpsS CXc khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ AX-t\z-jn-°p-hm-\mWv At±lw \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂Xv. H∂m-a-Xmbn At\z-jn-t°-≠Xv, ]e-t∏mgpw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øßsf Ah-K-Wn-°p∂hy‡n-bpsS a\- n-emWv. a\- n\v ]e-t∏mgpw icn-bmbn am¿§-\n¿t±iw \¬ImØ Nn¥-bmWvc≠m-asØ ImcWw. AXp-sIm≠v, hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ bXv\-Øn¬ ""B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v \h-amb Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ km[y-am-°p∂ ]pØ≥ am\-hn-I-X-bv-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ⁄m\n-I-fpsS Bg-ap≈Nn¥bpw hni-ZoI-c-W-ßfpw''51 Bh-iy-amWv. F-∂m¬ AXp-sIm≠p amX-am-bn√. Ahn-I-k-\-Øn\vB-g-Øn-ep≈ Nn¥-bpsS A`m-h-sØ-°mƒ henb Imc-W-ß-fp≠v; ""hy‡n-Iƒ°pw P\-X-Iƒ°pwCS-bn-ep≈ kmtlm-Z-cy-°p-d-hmW-Xv ''52 am\p-jnI ]b-Xv\-ßƒ sIm≠pamXw D≠m-°m-hp-∂-XmtWmCu kmtlm-Zcy at\m- mhw? kaq-lw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ BtKmfhXvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \sΩ Ab¬-°m-cm-°p-∂p≠v. F∂m¬ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fm-°p-∂n√. a-\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ XpeyX Kln-°p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS kmaq-ly kl-Po-hn-X-Øn\v Dd∏p hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw bp‡n-°mhpw. F∂m¬, AXp-sIm-≠pwkm-tlm-Zcyw ÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sn√. ]nXm-hmb ssZ-h-Øn¬-\n∂p≈ AXn- u-Xn-I-amb Hcp hnfn-bn¬-\n∂pamX-amWv CXv D¤-hn-°pI. Ahn-Sp∂v BZyw \sΩ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ ]pX-\n-eqsS ktlm-Z-c-kvt\lw F-s¥-∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. am-\h hnI-k\]-In-b-bnse \nc-h[n Xe-ßƒ]cm-a¿-in-°p∂ t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ hn-izm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-\-Øn-\ptijw k¿-thm-]cn ]Xn-


16


jvTn-°p-∂Xv, ""F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]nXm-hm-bn Pohn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ Poh-\n¬, ]pX-∑m-sc-t∏mse]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-hm≥ \sΩsb√mw hnfn-°p∂, InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\-l-Øn-ep≈ sFIy-am-Wv.''53

20. P\-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ \ΩpsS ]Xn-_-≤-X-bv°p Znim-t_m-[hpw hf¿®-bv°p≈A-h-k-chpw \¬Ip-∂-h-bmWv"P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' Xpd-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ. AXn\pw ]pdta\ho-I-c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ASn-b-¥n-cm-h-iysØ "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' B-h¿-Øn®v ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-Ibpw54 P\-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Ønse A\o-Xn-bpsS henb ]iv\-ßƒ°p ap∂n¬ Ime-hn-fw_wIqSmsX kp[oc-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp-°p-hm≥ B-lzm\w sN-øp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. Cu ASn-b-¥nckz`m-hhpw kXy-Øn-ep≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ Hcp ]cn-W-X- -e-amWv. InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\l-amWv \sΩapt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂Xv. ""InkvXp-hns‚ kvt\lw \sΩ D±o-]n-∏n-°p∂p''(caritas Christi urget nos)(2 tImdn. 5:14). Cu ASn-b-¥-c- mhw h-kvXp-°-fn¬ amXw D≈-X√; kw -h-ß-fp-sSbpw ]-iv\-ß-fp-sSbpw Xz-cnX]hm-l-Øn¬-\n∂p amXw P-\n-°p-∂-Xp-a√. ]ns∂-tbm, ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂hnj-b-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ km-tlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ ÿm]\Øn¬ \n∂m-W-Xv.

C∂sØ kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI ]In-b-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw am\-hn-I-amb ^e-ßƒ D≠m-°p-∂-h-bmbn amdp-sa∂v Dd-∏m-°p-hm≥, hnj-bsØ Bg-Øn¬ a\ nem-°p-hm\pw "lrZb'Øns‚ Xe-Øn¬ \sΩØs∂ kPoh-am-°p-hm\pw X°-hn[w; \ΩpsS Xpdhn A\n-hm-cy-am-°-Ø°hn[w, kp]-[m-\-hp-amWv Cu e£yw.


17


A≤ymbw c≠v

am\-h-hn-I-k-\w\ΩpsS Ime-L- -Øn¬

21. t]mƒ Bdm-a\v hnI-k\w kw_-‘n®v hy‡-amb Hcp Z¿i\w D≠mbncp∂p. a\p-jysc ]Y-a-hpw ]-[m-\-hp-ambn hni-∏n¬-\n∂pw Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬\n∂pw Hgn-™p-am-dmØ hym[n-I-fn¬\n∂pw \nc-£-c-X-bn¬-\n∂pw c£n-°pI F∂ e£yw Ipdn-°p-∂-XmWv Cu ]Zw F∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n.kmº-ØnI ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ CX¿∞am-°p-∂Xv A¥m-cm„ kmº-ØnI ]In-b-bn¬ kPohambXpey-]¶m-fn-Ø-amWv; kmaq-lnI ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ CXn-\¿-∞w, Iq´mbva ]I-S-am-Ip∂ hnZym-k-º-∂-cmb kaq-l-ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an-°pI F∂XmWv; cm„o-b-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬, kzmX-¥yhpw kam-[m-\hpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-hp≈ P\m-[n-]Xy `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ i‡n]m]n-°pI F∂mWv CXn-\¿-∞w. At\Iw h¿j-ßƒ°p-ti-jw, \ΩpsS C∂-sØ temIsØ Ae- n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ \nc-h[n]-Xn-k-‘nIƒ cq]w sIm≈p∂Xpw hym]n-°p-∂Xpw B-i-¶-tbmsS t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ Cu kµ¿ -Øn¬, C°-gn™ Zi-I-ß-fn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ ]Xo-£-Isf temIw kzoI-cn-®p-t]m∂ hnI-k\amXr-I-Iƒ FX-amXw km£m-XvI-cn-®n- p≠v F∂p \mw tNmZn-®p-t]m-Ipw. ]q¿Æ-ambpw kmt¶-XnIhn⁄m-\sØ Bi-bn-°p∂ Hcp kaq-l-Øn\v bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-tØmsS e£y-ßƒ \n›-bn-°p-hm\pw AXn\\p-tbm-P y-amb am¿§-ßƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw th≠X Ign-hpt≠m F∂v i¶n-°m≥ k`bv°p aXn-bmb Imc-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Fßs\ em -ap-≠m°mw,AXv Fßs\ icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw F∂p t_m≤y-ap≈ Hcp e£y-Øn-te°p\bn-°p∂ am¿§-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ em`w ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Wv. em`w amX-amWv e£yw F∂p-h-∂m¬,sX‰mb hgn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv em -ap-≠m-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, AXns‚ BXy-¥n-I-e£yw s]mXp-\∑ A-s√-¶n¬, kºØp \in-∏n-°p-hm\pw ZmcnZyw kr„n-°p-hm\pw AXp Imc-W-am-tb-°mw. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥hn`m-h\wsNbvX kmº-ØnIhnI-k\w bYm¿-∞-Øn¬ kºØv D-≠m-°p-∂Xpw F√m-h¿°pw Kp-W-]-Zhpw \ne-\n¿-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp hnI-k-\-am-Wv. hf¿® D≠m-bn- p≠v F∂Xv HcphkvXp-X-bm-Wv. tImSn-°-W-°n\p P\-ßsf Zpcn-X-Øn¬-\n∂p Ic-I-b-‰p-∂-Xn\v CXp \√ tXmXn¬klm-bn-®n- p-ap-≠v. ASp-Ø-ImeØv A¥m-cm-„-cw-KØv ê-]-Z-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ At\Iw cmP y-ßsf CXp i‡-am-°n-bn- p-ap≠v. F¶nepw Cu kmº-ØnI hf¿® ]e-t∏mgpw I¿Ω-£-a-a-√msXt]mIp-Ibpw \mS-Io-b-amb ]iv\-ßƒ-sIm≠p hgn-ap- n-\n-ev°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu Ah-ÿm-hn-tijw XpS-cp-I-bp-am-Wv. Ct∏m-gsØ ]-Xn-k‘n Cu Zu¿_-eyhpw ]iv\-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ cq£-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv C\nbpw \oń-h-bv°m-\m-ImØ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°m≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-°p-∂p. Cu Xocp-am\w a\p-jys‚ `mhnsb kw_-‘n-®mWv; a\pjykz`m-h-hp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn_‘-s∏- -XmWv Ahs‚ `mhn. \ne-hn-ep≈ kmt¶-XnI i‡n-Iƒ, BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c_‘-ßƒ, icn-bmbcoXn-bn¬ \S-Øm-ØXpw h≥tXm-Xn¬ Dul-°-®-h-SsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-Xp-amb km-º-ØnI CS-]m-SpIƒ Ch-sb√mw bYm¿∞ kºZv-hy-hÿbpsSta¬ sNep-Ønbhn\m-i-I-c-amb kzm-[o-\w, h≥tXm-Xn¬ P\-ßƒ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p-∂-Xv (Cu IpSn-tb-‰-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw ]tXyI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv th≠X i≤n-°-s∏-SmsX t]mIp-∂-Xp-am-Wv), ]IrXnhn -h-ßƒ \nb-¥-W-an-√msX NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CsX√mw ]iv\-ßƒ°p]cn-lmcw D≠m-°m≥ kzoI-cn-t°≠ \S-]-Sn-I-sf-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. t]mƒBdm-a≥ N¿® sNbvX ]iv\-ß-fp-ambn Xń-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ Ct∏m-gsØ ]iv\-ßƒ \qX-\-amWvF∂p amX-a-√, Ahbv°v a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-sØbpw `mhn-bn-sebpw \∑ kw_-‘n®v k¿thm-]cn \n¿Æm-bI ]m[m-\yhpw D≠v. ]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS hyXykvX apJ-ßƒ, AXns‚]cn-lm-c-ßƒ, `mhn-bn¬ D≠m-tb-°m-hp∂ ]pXnb hnI-k-\-ßƒ Ch-sb-√mw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p; H-∂n¬ as‰m∂v AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p; Ct∏mƒ Bh-iy-am-bn- p-≈Xv F√mw H∂mbnI≠p-a-\- n-em-°m-\p≈ iahpw am\-hn-I-amb Hcp ]pXnb DZvK-Y-\-hp-am-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ kmº-Øn-Im-hÿ k¶o¿-Æ-hpw Kpcp-X-c-hp-amWv; CXp \ap°v Bi¶ D≠m-°p-∂Xp kzm`m-hn-I-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬,]pXnb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmSpw ]Xym-i-tbm-SpwIqSn Gs‰-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, bmYm¿-∞y-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp at\m- mhw \mw kzoI-cn-°-Ww. \-ΩpsS apºn¬ ImWp-∂Xv Bg-ta-dnb kmwkvIm-

18


cnI \ho-I-cWw Bh-iy-amb Hcp temI-am-Wv, Ipsd-°qSn sa®-s∏´ Hcp `mhn ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb ASn-ÿm\ aqey-ßƒ ho≠pw Is≠-tØ≠ Hcp temI-am-Wv; Cu kml-N-cy-amWv\Ωp-sS-ta¬ ]pXnb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ Npa-Øp-∂-Xv. CXn-te-°mWv \mw hnfn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv\ΩpsS ]bm-W-Øns‚ ]≤Xn s]mfn-s®-gp-Xm≥, ]p-Xnb N -ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]Xn-_-≤-X-bpsS\-ho\ cq]-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥, k¿§m-fl-I-amb ASn-Ø-d-ta¬ ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øm≥, \ntj-[m-flI kao-]-\-ßsf X≈n-°-f-bm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]Xn-k‘n. Aßs\Cu ]Xn-k‘n \∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ Hc-h-k-c-am-bn-am-dp∂p; mhnsb kw_-‘n®v ]pXnbHcp Z¿-i-\w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Ah-k-cw. Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚ Cu at\m- m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn hn´p-ho-gvNm-a-t\m- m-h-an-√msX, Cu Ime-L- -Øns‚ sshj-ay-ßƒ t\cn-Sm≥ \mw k∂-≤-cm-IWw.

22. C∂v hnI-k-\-Øn\v AXn-I-an-°p∂ At\Iw ]mfn-I-fp-≠v; ]c-kv]cw H∂n-\p-ta¬ H∂vF∂ Ia-Øn-ep-≈h. th≠X hnImkw C√mØ taJ-e-I-fnepw hnI-k-\-Øns‚ taJ-e-I-fnepw]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. c≠n-s‚bpw Imc-W-ßfpw ssh-hn-[y-am¿∂-h-bm-Wv. Ah-bpsSt\ -ßfpw tIm -ßfpw th¿s]-Sp-Øn-°mWm≥ Ign-bpw F∂Xv BZ¿i-hm-Z-ß-fn¬\n∂v \sΩ kzbwhnap-‡-cm-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. BZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw bmYm¿∞y-ßsfIrXn-a-ambn AXoh efn-X-am-°p-∂p. hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn ]iv\-ß-fpsS am\-hnIam\-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-bWw. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ \nco-£n-®-Xp-t]mse,kº∂cmPy-ßfpw Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ßƒ "P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' Fgp-XnbImeØv F∂-t]m-se AX hy‡-a-√.55 tIh-e-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ temI-Øv kºØv h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv; F∂m¬ Ak-a-Xz-ßfpw h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. kº∂cmPy-ß-fn¬ kaq-l-Ønse Nne ]pXnb hn`m-K-ßƒ Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ sN∂p-s]Sp∂p; Zm-cn-Zy-Øns‚ ]pXnb cq]-ßƒ]Xy-£-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Zcn-Zta-J-e-I-fn¬ Nne hn`m-K-ßƒ°v ""AXn-i-b-I-c-ambhnI-k\w'' D≠m-bn- p≠v. Ah-cpsS AwKo-I-cn-°m-\m-hmØ ]mgvs®-e-hp-Iƒ h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn\p IS-I-hn-cp-≤-ambn a\p-tjym-Nn-X-a-√mØ coXn-bn¬ NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ kml-N-cy-ßƒ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ""]I-S-amb Ak-aØzw''56 F∂ A]-Io¿Øn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p.kº∂cmPy-ß-fnse kmº-Øn-Ihpw cm„o-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-fn¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h¿ Agn-a-Xn°pw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ-°pw apXn-cp-∂ps≠∂v hy-‡-am-Wv. CXv \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. Agn-a-Xnbpw \nb-a-ew-L-\hpw, ]t≠ kº-∂-am-bn-cp∂ cmPy-ß-fnepw,]pXp-Xm-bn kº-∂-amb cmP y-ß-fnepw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ ZcnZ cmP y-ß-fnepwCXv ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. ]e henb _lp-cm„Iº-\n-Ifpsa∂-t]m-se ]mtZ-inI Dev]m-Z-I-cpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-cpsS Iq -Øn-ep-≠v. A¥m-cm„ klmbw ]e-t∏mgpwAXns‚ icn-bmb e£yw t\Sp-∂n-√, thsd Imcy-ßƒ°mbn hI-am‰n D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. klmbw\evIp-∂-h-cpsS CS-bnepw klmbw e- n-°p-∂-h-cpsS CS-bnepw D≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-c-ln-X-amb irwJ-e-I-fpsS ]hr-Øn-I-fmWv CXn\v Imc-Ww. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ hnI-k-\-Øn-t‚bpw th≠X hnI-k\w D≠m-Im-Ø-Xn-t‚bpw, A-Zr-iytam kmw-kvIm-cn-Itam Bb Imc-W-ßƒ, DØ-c-hm-Zn-ØsØkw_-‘n® CtX am¿§-tcJ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. kº∂cmPy-ß-fn¬, _u-≤nI kzØp-°ƒ kw_-‘n® Ah-Imiw I¿i-\-ambn ap-dpsI ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v Adnhv a‰p-≈-h¿°v e`y-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ AXn-cp-I-S∂ D’mlw ]I-S-am-°p-∂p. B-tcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bn¬ CXv ]tXy-In®pw ]I-S-am-Wv.A-tX-k-a-bw-Xs∂, Nne ZcnZ cm-P y-ß-fn¬ hnI-k-\-Øn\v XS- -ambn \nev°p-∂Xv Nne kmwkvIm-cnI am-Xr-I-Ifpw kmaq-lnI s]cp-am-‰-®- -ß-fp-am-Wv.

23. temI-Øns‚ At\-I- m-K-ßƒ Imcy-amb ]ptcm-KXn t\Sn-bn- p-≠v. ]e-t∏mgpw ]iv\-ßƒkr-„n-°p-∂Xpw ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ßfpw BsW-¶n¬-IqSn hnI-k\w D≠m-bn- p-≠v. Cu cmP y-ßƒ,`mhn-bn¬ temI-Øns‚ `mhn-\n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂ cmPy-ßƒ-s°m∏wFØm≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. F¶nepw Hcp Imcyw F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. kmº-Øn-Ihpw km-t¶-XnIhn-⁄m-\-]-chpw am-X-amb ]ptcm-KXn A]-cym]vXambn-cn-°pw. hnI-k-\w k¿thm-]cn bYm¿∞hpwka-K-hp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. kmº-Øn-I-amb ]nt∂m-°m-hÿ adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xv \√ Imcy-am-Wv. F∂m¬AXp-sIm-≠p-amXw a\p-jys‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ k¶o¿Æ-amb ]iv\-ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcwImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. Cß-s\-bp≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ap≥\n-c-bn-ep≈ cmPy-ßƒ°pw Ct∏mƒXs∂kmº-ØnI hnI-k\w t\Sn-bn- p≈ cmPy-ßƒ°pw CXv _m[-I-am-Wv. Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ cmPy-ßƒ ]g-b-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ Nqj-W-Øn\v hn-t[-b-am-Ip-∂-Xp-Iq-SmsX, Ia-c-ln-Xhpw Ak-¥p-en-X-hp-amb hf¿®-bpsS ]m¿iz-ß-fn¬-\n∂pw _p≤n-ap- p-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°m≥ CS-bp-≠v.

Ing-°≥ bqtdm-]y≥ IΩyq-WnÃv cmP y-ß-fnse kmº-Øn-Ihpw cm„o-b-hp-amb kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

am\-h-hn-I-k-\w \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬

19


X-I¿∂-Xn-\p-ti-jw, ]c-kv]cw sh√p-hn-fn-®n-cp∂ cmPy-ß-fpsS \nc C√m-Xm-b-Xn-\p-ti-jw, hnI-k\wkw_-‘n®v kaq-e-amb Hcp ]p\:]cn-tim-[\ Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ 1987- ¬hnI-k-\-ap-≠m-Im-Ø-Xns‚ Imc-W-ß-fn¬ H∂mbn Cu c≠v tN-cn-I-fpsS km∂n≤yw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm≠v C-Øcw Hcp ]p\:]cn-tim-[\ Bh-iy-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.57 kºZvhyh-ÿ-bn¬\n∂pw cm„ob Bh-iy-ßƒ°v hn -h-ßƒ ]n≥h-en-®Xpw kn≤m-¥-ßƒ kzmX-¥y-Øn\v XS- -ambn\n∂Xpw hnI-k-\-Øn\v hnLm-X-ap≠m-°n. 1991- ¬, 1989- se kw -h-ßƒ°p-ti-jw, hncp≤tNcn-Iƒ C√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂ ÿnXn°v hnI-k\w kw_-‘n®v ka-K-amb Hcp kwhn-[m\w Bh-iy-am-sW∂v At±lw ]d-™p. Cu ]pXnb kw-hn-[m\w Ing-°≥ bqtdm-]y≥ cmP y-ß-fn¬ amX-a√,]›na bqtdm-∏nepw temIsØ hnI-kz-c-cm-P y-ß-fn¬ s]mXp-shbpw Bh-iy-am-sW∂v At±lwIcp-Xn.58 CXv `mKn-I-ambn amXta \S-∏m-bn- p-≈p. C\nbpw sNbvXpXo¿t°≠ Hcp bYm¿∞ Npa-X-e-bmbn CXv Ah-ti-jn°p∂p. C∂sØ kmº-ØnI ]iv\-ßƒ adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-ambXocp-am-\-ß-fn-eqsS Hcp-]t£ Cu Npa-Xe \nd-th-‰m≥ Ign-t™-°pw.

24. t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ Ime-Øv temIw C∂sØ temI-sØ At]-£n®v ]c-kv]cw AX-b-[nIw_‘-s∏-SmØ Hcp temI-am-bn-cp-∂p. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ kmaq-lnI ]iv\-ß-sf-∏‰n N¿® sNøm≥km[y-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ A-∂pw kaqlw ]ptcm-K-an-®n-cp-∂p. kmº-ØnI]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw cm„ob ]In-b-Ifpw an°-hmdpw `qan-im-kvX-]-c-amb Htc ]tZ-i-ØmWv \S-∂n-cp-∂Xv. AXp-sIm≠v kmº-Øn-Ihpwcm„o-bhpw Bb ]h¿Ø\-ßƒ°v H∂n\p at‰-Xn¬-\n-∂pw Du¿÷wt\Sm≥ BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. cm„-Øns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ°p-≈nemWv apJy-ambpw DXv]m-Z\w \S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. cmP y-Øn\v ]pdØv kmº-ØnI\nt£]w \S-ØpI hnc-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. B kml-N-cy-Øn¬ kº-Zvhyh-ÿ-bn¬, F¥n-\mWv ap≥K-W\ \evtI-≠-sX∂v \n›-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv cm„o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e cmP y-ß-fn-tebpw ÿnXn CXm-bn-cp-∂p. cm„o-b-Øn\v]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ D]-I-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS kºZvhyh-ÿ-bpsS ]I-S-\hpwHc-Xn-cp-hsc \nb-¥n-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ""P\-XI-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' F∂ NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn¬ cmPysØ ""s]mXp A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ßƒ°v''59 AXn-]-[m-\-amb Hcp ÿm\w \evIn-b-Xv. a‰v LS-I-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂Xpw Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

\ΩpsS Ime-L- -Ønepw, cmPym-¥c hym]m-chpw kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw kr„n-®n-cn-°p∂ ]pXnbkml-Ncyw, cm„-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn\v Nne ]cn-[n-Iƒ D≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂ hkvXpXcm„-ßƒ ]cnK-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. C∂v kmº-ØnI aqe-[-\hpw, Zriyhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb Dev]m-Z-\-am¿§-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ Ne-\m-fl-I-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu ]pXnb kml-Ncyw cmPy-ß-fpsS cm„obA[n-Im-c-Øn¬ am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

C∂v kmº-ØnI ]Xn-k‘n ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ]mT-ßƒ \mw Dƒs°m≠psIm-≠n-cn-°pI-bm-Wv. kmº-ØnI ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS sX‰p-Ifpw Ia-t°-Sp-Ifpw Xncp-Øm≥ cmPy-Øns‚ s]mXp`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ t\cn´v CS-s]-Sp-∂p. C∂sØ temIsØ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-hm≥ cm„-Øns‚ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ F-ßs\ ]tbm-Kn-°Ww F∂-Xp-kw-_-‘n®v bmYm¿-∞y-t_m-[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp ]pXnbhne-bn-cp-Ø¬ DNn-X-am-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. C∂sØ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sm≥ ]pXnb coXn-bn-ep≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ th≠n-h-t∂-°mw. CXn\v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf i‡-cm-°p-∂-Xn\v cm„ob A[n-Imcw hnth-I-]q¿hw ]p\:]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsSNpa-X-e-Iƒ Gh-sb∂v Iptd-°qSn hy‡-ambn \n¿-h-Nn-®p Ign-™m¬ tZiobXe-Ønepw A-¥¿-t±-iob-Xe-Ønepw cm„-Øns‚ ]¶m-fnØw ]p-Xnb cq]-ß-fn¬ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂Xv \ap°v ap≥Iq´nIm-Wm≥ Ign-bpw. Cu ]¶m-fnØw kaq-l-Øn¬ ]-h¿Øn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-I-fn¬°q-Sn-bmWv km[n-®n- p-≈-Xv. Cßs\ s]mXpImcy-ß-fn¬ (res publica), cmP y-Øns‚ XmXv]-cy-ß-fn¬, ]uc-∑m-cpsSXmXv]-cy-hpw, ]¶m-fn-Øhpw IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Sp-sa∂v \ap°v ]Xo-£n-°mw.

25. kmaq-ln-I-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂v t\m°n-bm¬, kwc-£-W-Øn-t‚bpw kpÿn-Xn-bp-tSbpwkw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn amdn-a-dn-™n-cn-°p∂ C-∂-sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬, bYm¿∞ kmaq-ly\oXn Dd-∏m-°pI F∂ Ah-cpsS e£yw t\SpI ]bm-k-am-Wv. mhn-bn¬ CXv IqSp-X¬ ]bm-k-I-c-am-Imt\ CS-bp-≈p. t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ Ime-Øpw A-t\Iw cmP y-ß-fn¬ kwc-£-W-Øn-t‚bpwkpÿn-Xn-bp-tSbpw kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ \ne-hn-en-cp-∂p. kº∂ cm„-ßƒ Npcp-ßnb sNe-hn¬ DXv]m-Z\w \SØn Ipd-™-hn-ebv°v At\Iw hkvXp-°ƒ hn‰-gn-°m-\mbn A\y-cm-P y-ß-fn¬ DXv]m-Z\w


20


\S-Øm-hp∂ ÿe-ßƒ At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\v ]tNm-Z-\-am-bXv BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈hn]-W-\-am-Wv. CXp-hgn km[-\-ßƒ hmßm-\p≈ Ignhv h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS \nc°vXzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. Km¿lnI Itºm-f-Øn¬ D]-t`m-K-km-[-\-ßƒ [mcm-f-ambn e`y-am-IpwF∂-XmWv CXn\p Imc-Ww. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ cm„-ßƒ XΩn¬ ]pXnb coXn-bn-ep≈ a’cwD≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v Itºm-f-hy-h-ÿnXn Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. A\y-cm-P y-ß-fn¬\n∂v aqe-[\w Cd°nXß-fpsS cmP yØv Dev]m-Z-\-tI-µ-ßƒ ]h¿Øn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ah-cpsS Bh-iyw. hntZi aqe-[\w B-I¿jn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnhn[ am¿§-ßƒ D≠v. kmº-Øn-I-amb N -ßƒ eLq-I-cn-°p-I, sXmgn¬kw_-‘-amb \n_-‘-\-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°pI apX-emb am¿§-ßƒ ChnsS ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂p. Cu ]In-b-I-fpsS ê-ambn kmaq-lnI kpc-£n-X-Xz-kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ°v ]m-[m-\yw Ipd-™p. BtKmf Itºm-f-Øn¬ a’-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ Dev]-∂-ßƒ°v hne-Ip-d-bvt°-≠n-h-∂-Xns‚ ê-amWv CXv.sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßsfbpw ASn-ÿm\ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sfbpw ]c-º-cm-KX coXn-bn-ep≈ kmaq-ly-t_m-[-ap≈ cm-„-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏- Xv F∂p Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ Iq´m-bva-tbbpwCXv A]-I-S-Øn-em-°p-∂p. kmaqlykpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn-\m-bp≈ kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ°v Ah-bpsS Npa-Xe \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-sX-h-cp-∂p. hnI-kzc cmP yßfnepw hfsc ap≥t] -Xs∂ hnI-k\w]m]n-®p-I-gn™ cmPy-ß-fnepw ZcnZ cmP y-ß-fnepw CXp kw- -hn-°pw. A¥m-cm„ kmº-ØnIÿm]-\-ß-fp-sS kΩ¿±-ßƒ°v hgßn kmaq-lnI t£a-Øn-\m-bp≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p k¿°m-cns‚_P-‰n¬ th-≠X XpI sIm≈n-°m-Ø-Xv, ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb A]-I-S-km-[y-X-Isf t\cn-Sm≥]uc-∑msc Ai-‡-cm-°p-∂p. sXmgn-em-fn-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ e-]-Z-amb kwc-£Ww \evIm-ØXpw ]uc-∑m-cpsS i‡n-bn-√m-bva-sb cq£-am-°p-∂p. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb am‰-ß-fpsS Iq´mbkΩ¿±w hgn sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS XmXv]-cy-ßsf ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°pI F∂Npa-Xe \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ hnj-a-I-c-ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. kmº-ØnI ]tbm-P\w IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v k¿°m-cp-Iƒ sXmgn-em-fn-kw-L-S-\-I-fpsS kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw IqSn-bm-tem-N\\S-Øm-\p≈ Ign-hn\pw ]cn-anXn \n›-bn-°p-∂-XmWv CXn\p≈ Hcp Imc-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v Iogvhg-°-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Iq´m-bva-bpsS _‘-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ XS- -ßsf adn-I-S-t°-≠n-h-cp∂p."\ho\ hyh-ÿnXn' ("Rerum Novarum ')60 sXm´v k- -bpsS kmaq-lnI]t_m-[-\-Øn¬ ho≠pw ho-≠pw \S-Øn-bn- p≈ Blzm\w, sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v sXmgn-emfnkwL-S-\-Isf t]m’m-ln-∏n-°Ww F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Blzm-\-Øn\v ]≠-tØ-°mƒ C∂p ]k-‡n-bp-≠v. AXv am\n-°-s∏-S-Ww. ]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn-epw A¥m-cm-„-X-e-Øn-epw ê-]-Z-amb kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb cq]-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-hm≥ Zo¿L-ho-£-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn Cu Blzm-\-tØmSv Xma-kw-hn\m ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Hcp ÿe-Øp-\n∂v thsdm-cp-ÿ-e-Øp-t]mbn ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂pF∂-Xpw CXp kw_-‘n® \nb-a-ßƒ eLq-I-cn-°-s∏ -Xpw it≤-b-amb Hcp ]Xn- mkw BWv.CXn\v Nne \√ hi-ß-fp-≠v. kº-Øns‚ DXv]m-Z-\-tØbpw kmw-kvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-tØbpw CXvt]m’m-ln-∏n-°pw. F¶nepw Cu ]Xn- m-k-Øns‚ ê-am-bp-≠m-b, tk-h\hyh-ÿ-Iƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ A\n-›n-XXzw ]p-Xnb cq]-Øn-ep≈ am\-knI Aÿn-cX D≠m-°m≥ CS-bp-≠v. hnhmlwXpSßn Bbp-jvIm-e-tØ-°p≈ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v CXv XS- -ap-≠m-°pw. kmaq-lnI hn -h-ßƒ ]mgm-°p-∂Xv Ah-K-Wn-®m¬t∏m-epw am\-kn-I-amb Aÿn-cX am\p-jn-IX £bn-°p∂ kml-Ncyw D≠m-°pw. ]≠v hyh-km-b-h-XvI-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-amb kaq-l-ß-fn¬ D≠mbAXym-ln-X-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ C°m-esØ sXmgn-en-√mbva kmº-ØnI ]cm-[o-\-X-bpsS ]pXnb cq]-ßƒ kr-„n-°p-∂p. Ct∏m-gsØ ]Xn-k-‘n Cu kml-Ncyw IqSp-X¬ hj-fm-°p-Itb D≈p. Zo¿L-Imew tPmen C√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xpw k¿°m-cn-t\tbm kzImcy GP≥kn-I-sftbmB-i-bn-°p-∂Xpw Hcp a\p-jys‚ kzmX-¥y-tØbpw k¿-§-i-‡n-tbbpw £bn-∏n-°pw. Abm-fpsSIpSpw-_ kmaq-ly-_-‘-ß-fp-w kzmX-¥yhpw Inbm-fl-I-Xbpw £bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. CXv am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb Xoh- thZ-\bv°v Imc-W-am-Ipw. tem-I-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb BkvXn-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ ian-°p∂ F√m-h-tcbpw ]tXy-In®pw `c-W-Iq-S-ßsf Hcp-ImcywHm¿Ωn-∏n-°phm≥ Rm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p. kwc-£n-t°-≠Xpw hne-a-Xn-t°-≠-Xp-amb ]mY-anI aqe-[\w a\p-jy-\m-Wv. a-\p-jy hy‡nXzw AXns‚ ka-K-X-bn¬ kwc-£n-°-s∏-S-p-Ibpw hne-a-Xn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNø-Ww. ""F√m kmº-Øn-I, kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ] -h-ÿm-\hpw tIµ-_n-µphpwe£yhpw a\p-jy-\mWv.''61

26. kmwkvIm-cn-I-X-e-Øn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ ImesØ kml-N-cy-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ipsd-°qsS it≤-b-amb hyXym-k-ß-fmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØv IqSp-X¬kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°v hy‡X D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√m kwkvIm-c-ßfpw IqSn H∂m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ia-


21


ßsf sNdp-°p-∂-Xn\v IqSp-X¬ Ah-k-c-ß-fp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kwkvIm-c-ßƒ XΩn¬ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ, km[y-X-Iƒ, C∂v KWy-am-b-tXm-Xn¬ h¿≤n-®n- p-≠v; kwkvIm-c-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-Z-Øn-\v, IqSp-X¬ Ah-k-c-ßƒ D≠v. CXp ^e-]-Z-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ hnhn[ I£n-I-fpsS A\-\yX kw_-‘n®v Bg-ap≈ Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.C∂sØ kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-ßƒ Iq-Sp-X¬ hmWn-P y-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. CXp c-≠p-XcwA]-I-S-ß-fn-te°v \bn°mw F∂ hkvXp-X hnkva-cn-°-cp-Xv. H∂v: hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fn¬-\n∂vHcmƒ°v \√sX∂v tXm∂p-∂-h-amXw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂ coXn-bm-Wv. CXv th≠X hnth-N-\-an-√m-sX-bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv. kwkvIm-c-ßsf \nc-Øn-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. H∂n-\p-]-Icw thsdm-∂m-Imw, ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn F√m-Øn\pw Htc aqey-am-Wp-≈Xv F-s∂m-cp Nn¥m-KXn ImWm≥Ignbpw. CXv hf-sc-th-Kw Bt]-£nI hmZ-Øn-te°v \bn-°pw. hnhn[ kw-kvIm-c-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈icn-bmb kwhm-Z-Øn\v CXv klm-b-I-a-√. kmwkvIm-cnI Bt]-£n-I-hm-Z-Øns‚ e-ambn hyXykvXkwkvIm-c-ap≈ Bfp-Iƒ Hcp ]-tZ-iØv H∂n®p Xma-kn-°p-tºmgpw Ah¿ hyXy-kvX kwkvIm-c-ap-≈-h-cmbn XpS-cpw. Cß-s\-bp-≈n-SØv B[n-Im-cn-I-amb kwhm-Z-ap-≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. XXv^-e-am-bnbYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ sFIyhpw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. c-≠m-a-Xv, CXn\p t\tc hn]-co-X-amb A]-I-Shpw \n-ehnep-≠v. AXm-b-Xv, kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Hcp GIo- -hn-∏n-°¬. A\y-cpsS PohnXssien-bpw CXp-hgn s]cp-am‰ coXnbpw hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-ambn kz¥-am-°p-∂p. Cßs\ ]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ hnhn[cmPy-ßfpsS kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Bg-ta-dnb A¿∞w ImWmsX t]mIp-∂p. hnhn[ P\-X-IfpsS]mc-ºcyw ImWmsX t]mIp-∂p. Hcmƒ Pohn-X-Ønse ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb ]iv\-ßtfmSp _‘-s∏-SpØn kzbw \n¿Æbn-°p-Ibpw \n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Xs‚ P\-XbpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn-t‚bpw ]mc-º-cy-Øn-t‚-bpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv.62 hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v C„-ap-≈Xv Xnc-s™-SpØv kam-l-cn-°p-∂Xpw kmw-kvIm-cn-I-amb \nc-∏m-°epw Hcp Imcy-Øn¬ kmayw hln-°p-∂p. Ch c≠n\pw s]mXp-hm-bp≈ LSIw, a\p-jy-kz- m-h-Øn¬-\n∂pw kwkvIm-csØ th¿s]-Sp-Øp-∂p F∂-XmWv. At∏mƒ kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°v kw-kv-Im-c-ßsf adn-I-S-°p∂ Hcp ]Ir-X-Øn-\-I-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm-≠v,63 Ah-sb-Øs∂ kzbw \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ I-gn-bn√ F∂ ÿnXn-hn-tijw D≠m-Ip-∂p.63 a\p-jy≥ kwkv-Imcw kw_-‘n® ÿnXnhnh-c-I-W-°n-se Hcp C\w amX-ambn A[:]Xn-°p-∂p. CXv kw -hn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-h¿§w ASn-a-ØØn-t‚-bpw IrXn-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-S-en-t‚bpw ]pXnb A]-I-S-ßsf t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cpw.

27. `£y-£m-a-Øns‚ ^e-ambn At\Iw ZcnZcmPy-ß-fn¬ PohnXw C∂pw Atß-b‰w Ac-£n-X-am-Wv. Cu kml-Ncyw IqSp-X¬ hj-fm-Im-\p≈ km-[y-Xbpap≠v. emk-d-n-s\t∏mse, [\-hm-t\m-sSm∏w £-W-Øn-\n-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ At\-I¿ C∂pw hni∏v sImøp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ah¿ Cu kwhn-[m-\-Øn-s‚ C-c-I-fm-Wv. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ ]pe¿Ønb ]-Xym-ibv°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amb Hcp kml-N-cy-amWv CXv.64 hni-°p-∂-h¿°v `£Ww sImSp-°pI (cf. a-Øm. 25:35, 37, 42) F∂Xv km¿h-XnIk -tbm-Sp≈ Hcp B⁄-bm-Wv, kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb Hcp B⁄. k` AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb tbip-InkvXp \evInb ]t_m-[\w A\p-k-cn®v Iq´m-bvabpw ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-h-bv°epw kw_-‘n®p]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ CXmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. BtKm-f-hy-h-ÿnXn \ne-hn¬ h∂n- p≈ Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬hni∏v \n¿Ωm¿÷\w sNøpI F∂Xv Cu `qap-JØv kam-[m-\hpw ÿnc-Xbpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-iyw-th≠ Hcp D]m-[n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. uXnI hkvXp-°-fpsS Zu¿-e`yw A√ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hni-∏n\v Imc-Ww. Ah e`y-am-°m≥ icn-bmb kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m\w C√m-Ø-XmWv. hni∏vC√m-Xm-°m≥ th≠ G-‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ Imcyw kmaq-lnIÿm]-\-ß-fm-Wv. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬,\ap-°n-√m-ØXv Ah-iyw-th≠ `£-Whpw ip≤-P-ehpw F√m-h¿-°pw ÿnc-ambn e`n-°p-sa∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-hp≈ kmº-ØnI ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Hcp irwJ-e-bm-Wv. CXp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F√m-h¿°pw th≠ t]mj-Im-lmcw e`y-am-Ip-ambn-cp-∂p. F√m-h¿°pw ASn-ÿm\ Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-‰m≥ Ign-bpw. kzm`m-hnI Imc-W-ßƒsIm-t≠m tZio-b- -A-¥¿t±-iob Xe-ß-fnse cmjvSo-b-amb\ncp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw-aq-etam D≠m-b, bYm¿∞ `£y ]Xn-k-‘n- kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬Bfp-Iƒ°p-th≠ Ahiykm[-\-ßƒ FØn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw C√m-ØXp kw_-‘n® ]iv\w Zo¿L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssI-Imcyw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu ]-iv\w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\vImc-W-amb A]-cym]vX kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ am‰-Ww. Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ß-fn¬ Im¿jnI hnI-k\w t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw th-Ww. Kma-ß-fn¬ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ßƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\v apX¬apS-°n-s°m-≠pw Pe-tk-N-\-Øn\pw KXm-K-X-Øn\pw Itºm-f-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Irjn-kw-_-‘-amb kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Du∂¬ sImSp-Øp-sIm≠pw CXv km[n-°m-\m-Ipw. ]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn¬ e`y-am-bn- p≈ am\p-jn-Ihpw ]-Ir-Xn-Z-Øhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb hn -h-ßƒFXbpw sa®-s∏- -co-Xn-bn¬ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Im¿jnI kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bmWv hnI-kn-∏n-t°-


22


≠Xv. Cu kwhn-[m\w Gsd-°mew \ne-\n¿-Øm≥ BIpw F∂pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Irjn- q-an-bpsS D]-tbmKw kw_-‘n®v Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-∂Xv ]mtZ-inI kaq-l-ßsf ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠pth-Ww. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ, ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb Irjn-co-Xn-Ifpw ]pXnb kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw Xpd-∂p-X-cp∂ km≤y-X-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. G‰-hp-a-[nIwNqjWw sN-ø-s∏- n- p≈ P\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠pw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbmSv BZ-chv ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠pw th≠X ]co-£-W-ßƒ°p-tijw kap-Nn-X-am-sW∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-bXpwBb Im¿jnI kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bmWv sIm-≠p-h-tc-≠-Xv. AtX-k-abw hnI-kz-c-cm-P y-ß-fn¬ \oXn-]q¿h-amb Im¿jnI ]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒ D≠m-IpI F∂ Imcyw Ah-K-Wn-®p-Iq-Sm. Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw a‰p auenIm-h-Im-i-ßfpw t\Sm-\p≈ ia-Øn¬ IpSn-sh-≈-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Im-iw-t]mse`£-W-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-Øn\pw kp]-[m-\-amb Hcp ÿm\-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v `£-Whpw IpSn-sh-≈-Øns‚ e`y-Xbpw F√m a\p-jy¿-°pw tem-I-saßpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. CXn¬ bm-sXm-cphyXym-khpw hnth-N-\hpw ]m-Sn√ F∂ t_m-[w D≠m-Im≥ s]mXp-P-\-a-\- m-£nsb k÷-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.65 hnI-k\ ]In-b-bn¬ Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ cmPy-ß-fp-ambn sFIy-Øn-em-Ip-∂XvC∂sØ BtKmf ]Xn-k-‘n°p ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øm≥ k-lm-b-I-amIpw F∂ Imcyw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv Cubn-sS-bmbn cm„ob ]h¿Ø-Icpw A¥m-cm„ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \S-Øn-∏p-Imcpw a\- n-em°nØpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ßƒ°v D]-t`mKhkvXp-°ƒ°pw hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-am-bp≈ Xß-fpsS ]uc-∑m-cpsS Bhiyw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v, sFIy-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂p ]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≠v, kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbw e`y-am-°n-bm¬ b-Ym¿∞-Øn-ep≈ kmº-ØnI hf¿®-bp-≠mIpw F-∂Xp amX-a√ C∂sØ ]Xn-k‘n A]-I-S-Øn-em-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ kº-∂-cm-„-ß-fnseDXv]m-Z\kwhn-[m\w \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw CXp klm-b-I-am-Ipw.

28. Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ AXn-]-[m-\-amb apJ-ß-fn-sem∂v Poh-t\m-Sp≈ BZ-chvF∂ kp]-[m\ ]iv\-am-Wv. P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\w kw_-‘n® ]iv\-ß-fn¬\n∂v CXns\ bmsXm-cp-hn-[-Ønepw Hgn-®p-\n¿Øm-\m-In-√. ASp-Ø-Im-eØp IqSp-X¬ ]mapJyw B¿÷n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp LS-I-amWnXv. Zmcn-Zy-sØ-∏-‰nbpw hnI-k-\-an-√mbva kw_-‘n®pw \ap-°p≈ ImgvN-∏mSp IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am-°m≥ CXp \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂p.66 Poh≥ AwKo-I-cn-°p-I; hnhn[ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Poh-\p-]-Xn-_‘w kr„n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ]tXy-In-®pw CXp \ΩpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

ZmcnZyw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ At\Iw ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ inip-a-c-W-\n-c°p hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. amX-a-√,temI-Øns‚ Nne mK-ß-fn¬ P\-\-\n-b-¥Ww G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. c-W-Iq-S-ßƒXs∂ K¿ -\n-tcm-[\w t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ K¿`-OnZw \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°p-I-IqSn sN-øp-∂Xewhscbpw AXv FØp-∂p≠v. kmº-Øn-I-ambn hnI-k\w t\Sn-bn- p≈ cmPy-ß-fn¬ Poh\vFXn-cm-bp≈ \nb-a-ßƒ hym]-I-amb tXmXn-ep-≠v. CXp kZm-Nmcw kw_-‘n® at\m- m-h-sØbpws]cp-am-‰-sØbpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-°-gn-™p. P\-\Øn\p FXn-cm-bp≈ Hcp at\m- mhw ]N-cn-°m≥CXp klm-bn-°p-∂p. a‰p cmP y-ß-fnepw Cu at\m-`mhw hf¿Øm-\p≈ iahpw \S-°p-∂p-≠v.CsX√mw kmw-kvIm-cn-I-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bmWv F∂ coXn-bn¬ ]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Nne k¿°m-cn-Xc kwL-S-\-Iƒ K¿ -OnZw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ kPo-h-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v.Zcn-Z-cm-„-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ h‘ywIc-Whpw Nne-t∏mƒ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. F¥mWv \S-°p-∂XvF∂v kvXoIsf Adn-bn-°p-I-t]mepw sNøm-sX-bmWv Nne-t∏mƒ CXp sNøp-I. amX-hp-a√, i‡-amb P\-\-\n-b-¥-W \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Btcm-Ky-\bw \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv Nne-t∏mƒ hnI-k\ klmbw \evIp-∂Xv F∂v kwi-bn-°m≥ Imc-W-ap-≠v. Zbm-h[w A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ \nb-a-ßfpw Zbm-h-[sØ AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ \oXn-\ymb hyh-ÿ-bn¬ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øm≥tZio-b-X-e-Ønepw A-¥¿-tZ-iobXe-Ønepw ]h¿Øn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-Ifpw Bi¶ Df-hm-°p-∂p-≠v.

Pohs\ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ at\m- mhw bYm¿∞ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ tIµ-_n-µp-hm-Wv. Poh≥ \ntj-[n-°mt\m ASn-®-a¿Ømt\m Hcp kaqlw Xøm-dm-Ip-tºmƒ, a\p-jys‚ bYm¿∞ \∑-bv°p-th≠nian-°m-\p≈ ]tNm-Z-\hpw Du¿÷hpw AXn\p \„-am-Ip-∂p. ]pXp-Xmbn FØp∂ Pohs\ kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂ t_m[w, hnIm-cw, hy‡n-Iƒ°pw kaq-l-Øn-\pw C√m-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ, kaq-l-Øn\vBh-iy-amb CX-c-aq-ey-ßfpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ at\m- m-hhpw Iqº-S-™p-t]m-Ipw.67 Pohs\ kzoI-cn-°pI-hgn a\p-jys‚ kZm-Nm-c-t_m[w kpi-‡-amIpw; CXp a\p-jysc ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-°p-∂-h-cm-°pw. Poh≥ kzo-I-cn-°Ww F∂ at\m- mhw hf¿Øp-tºmƒ, [\n-I¿ Zcn-Z-hn- m-K-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ Iptd-°qSn hy-‡-ambn a\- n-em-°pw. At∏mƒ Xß-fpsS ]uc-∑m-cpsS kzm¿∞-]-c-ambBh-iyßƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v kmº-Øn-Ihpw _u≤n-I-hp-amb hn -h-ßƒ h≥tXm-Xn¬ sNe-h-gn-°p-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXn-\p-]-Icw F√m P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw hy-‡n-I-fp-sSbpw Po-h-\p-th-


23


≠n-bp-≈ auen-Im-h-Imiw am\n-°p-∂Xpw sFIyhpw Iq´m-bvabpw ]I-S-am-°p-∂Xpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-ambn km[phpw Bb DXv]m-Z-\-am-\-Z-WvU-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn k-XvI¿Ω-ßƒ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m≥Ah¿°p Ign-bpw.

29. B[p-\nI Pohn-X-Øn\v hnI-k-\-hp-ambn ASp-Ø _‘w ]pe¿Øp∂ thsdm-cp-hiw D≠v;aX-kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-°¬. aX-]-c-amb Imc-W-ßfm¬ temIØv C∂pw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kwL¿j-ß-sfbpw kwL- -\-ß-sfbpw ]‰n-b√ Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒaX-]-c-amb ]tNm-Z\w a‰p Imc-W-ßƒ°p≈ Hcp ad amX-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v a‰p-≈-hsc AS-°n- -cn-°p-hm\pw kº-Øv kz¥-am-°m\pw D≈ BK-lw. C∂v B-fpIƒ ]e-t∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚hnip≤ \ma-Øn¬ sIme-]m-X-Iw \-S-Øp-∂p-≠v. Fs‚ ap≥Km-an-bmb tPm -t]mƒ c≠m-a\pwRm\pw ]c-ky-ambn FSp-Øp-]-d-™n-´p-≈Xpw A]-e-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xp-amWv Cu hkvXp-X.68 AI-aw,bYm¿∞-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v XS w kr„n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. P\-X-I-fpsS kmaq-ln-I-hpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb kpÿn-Xn-bn-te-°p≈ ]ptcm-K-Xnsb CXv XS-bp-∂p. aX-au-en-I-hm-Z-ß-fm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-amb òI-c-]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v CXv ]tXy-In®pw _m[-I-am-Wv.69 òI-c-]-h¿Ø\w thZ-\bpw \mi-\-„-ßfpw ac-Whpw hnXbv°p-∂p. cm„-ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈ kwhmZw AXp XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kam-[m-\-]-c-hpw s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ°v hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°≠ hn -h-ßƒ h≥-tXm-Xn¬ òI-cX XS-bp-∂-Xn-te°v sNe-h-gn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p.

Nnet∏m-sg√mw aX`m¥mWv aX-kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v XS- -am-bn-\n-ev°p-∂-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ aX-kw-_-‘-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ A\mÿ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂Xpw At\Iw cmP y-ß-fn¬ \n-e-hn-ep≈ ]mtbm-KnI \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v XS- -ap-≠m-°p-∂p. Bflo-bhpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb hn -h-ßƒ, P\-ßƒ°v \ntj-[n-°p-I-bmWvC-hnsS sNøp-∂-Xv. ssZhw a\pjys\ kz¥w Omb-bn¬ kr-„n-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy¿°v AXnù-Xn-I-amb alØzw \evIp-Ibpw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-°p≈ Ah-cpsS kzm`m-hn-I-amb Xr-jvW hf¿Øp-IbpwsNøp-∂p; B ssZh-am-Wv, a\p-jy-s‚ bYm¿∞ hnI-k\Øns‚ ZmXmhv. A\n-›n-XXzw\nd™ Cu_“mWvUISm-l-Øn¬ \„-s∏- p-t]mb Hcp AWp A√ a\p-jy≥.70 Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-s‚ kr„n-bm-Wv. Ah\v A\-iz-c-amb Hcp B-flmhp \evIm≥ ssZhw Xocp-a-\ mbn. ssZhw Ahs\Fs∂∂pw kvt\-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. bmZr-—n-I-amtbm ]Ir-Xym-\p-kr-X-amb A\n-hm-cy-X-sImt≠mBWv a\p-jy≥ `qan-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏- -sX-¶n¬, Xm≥ Pohn-°p∂ temI-Øns‚ ]cn-an-X-amb NI-hm-f-ßƒ-°p-≈n¬ Xs‚ ]Xo-£-Iƒ HXp-t°-≠-h≥ Bbn-cp∂p a\p-jy-s\-¶n¬, Ncn-Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw amX-ambncp∂p kºq¿Æ-amb bmYm¿∞y-sa-¶n¬, AXn- u-XnI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Xs‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°p∂ Hcp B¥-cnI kØ a\p-jy\v C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, \ap°v hf¿®-sb-∏-‰nbpw]cn-Wm-a-sØ-∏-‰nbpw kwkm-cn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p; F∂m¬ hnI-k-\-sØ-∏‰n kw-km-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. cm„w ]mtbm-KnI \nco-iz-c-hmZw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Nne-t∏mƒASn-t®-ev]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ ka-K-amb am\-hnI hnI-k\w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v Ah-iyw-th≠kZm-Nm-c-]-chpw Bflobhpamb i‡n AXns‚ ]uc-∑m¿°v \ntj-[n-°p-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv.ssZhn-I-kvt\-l-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-lr-Z-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ am\p-jnI ]Xn-I-cWw \evIm≥\h-amb D’m-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah¿ ian-°pIbpw ap≥t]m´p t]mIp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ XS- wkr„n-°p-I-bmWv cm„w At∏mƒ sNøp-∂-Xv.71 kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw hym]m-c-kw-_-‘hpw cm„o-b-hp-amb _‘-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kmº-Øn-I-ambn hnI-kn-®-tXm, hnImkw ]m]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂tXm Bb cmPy-ßƒ a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-XzsØ kw-_-‘n® A]q¿Æ-amb Cu k¶-ev]hpwA\y-cm-P y-ß-fn-te°v Ib‰n Ab-bv°m-dp-≠v. ""AXn-hn-I-k-\w''72 ('Super development') bYm¿-∞-hn-I-k\Øn\v hcp-Øp∂ henb Hcp hn\m-i-amWv. CXp-hgn hnI-k-\-tØm-sSm-∏w ""kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb hnImkw C√m-bvabpw'' 73 kw -hn-°p-∂p.

30. Cu kµ¿`Øn¬ ka-K-amb am\-h-hn-I-k\w F∂ hnjbw Ipsd-°qSn A¿∞-hym]vXn D≈-Xm-bn-Øo-cp∂p: AXns‚ hnhn[ LS-I-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-_‘w a\p-jy-hn-⁄m-\-Øns‚hnhn-[-X-e-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c ]h¿Ø\w t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]Xn-_-≤X Imt -≠-Xp-≠v. P\-X-I-fpsS bYm¿∞ hnI-k\w t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. hnI-k-\-hp-ambn_‘-s∏´ kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kwbp-‡-amb ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \S-∏m-°n-bm¬ aXn, hnI-k\w ]q¿Øn-bmbn F∂v ]e-t∏mgpw Nn¥n-°m-dp-≠v. Cu kwbp-‡]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Hcp Znimt_m[w B-h-iy-amWv; Imc-Ww, ""F√m kmaq-lnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-epw Hcp kn≤m¥wAS-ßn-bn- p-≠v.''74 ]iv\-ßfpsS k¶o¿ÆX IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ hnhn[ hIp-∏p-Iƒ kl-I-cn®v]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿ XΩn¬ Nn -bmb Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. D]hn Adn-hns\Hgn-hm-°p-∂n-√. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ -AXv Adn-hv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXns\ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw


24


B¥-cn-I-ambn kPo-h-am-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p. Adnhv Hcn-°epw _p≤n-bpsS amXw ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚ ê-a-√. IW-°p-Iq- -en-epw ]co-£-W-Ønepw A-Xns\ HXp-°n-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-t™-°pw. F∂m¬Xs‚ DXv]-Ønbpw A¥yhpw kw_-‘n-®v, Ah-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, a\p-jy\v Znim-t_m[w \evIp∂hn⁄m-\-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Adn-hn\v kvt\l-Øn-t‚-Xmb ""D∏p'' ""tN¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v.'' Adn-hp-Iq-Sm-sX-bp≈ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ A‘-am-Wv; kvt\l-an-√mØ Adnhv h‘y-am-Wv. ""bYm¿∞-kvt\-l-Øm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-\m-Ip∂ Hcp hy‡n Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚ Imc-W-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ ssh-Z-Kv≤y-tØmsS ]cn-i-an-°p-∂p; AXns\ Fßs\ sN-dp-°mw F∂pw Fßs\ s]m-cpXn Iog-S-°m-sa∂pw I-≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ ian-°p-∂p.''75 \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ Im-Wp∂ Cu ]Xn- m-k-ßsf t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ bYm¿∞-kvt\lwBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \mw Adn-b-Ww F∂m-Wv. Adn-hns‚ Hmtcm Xe-Øn-t‚bpw khn-ti-j-amb km≤y-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. hnhn[ hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ sNbvXp-Xo¿Øp Ign™]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Hcp A\p-_-‘-ambn, th-W-sa-¶n¬ kzoI-cn-°m-hp∂ Hcp Iqń-t®¿°-em-bn, D]-hnsb I≠p-Iq-Sm. XpS°w apXte kwhm-Z-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ ]c-kvt\lw CS-bm-°p-∂p. ]c-kvt\lwBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw bp‡n-t_m[w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw ]c-kv]c-hncp-≤-amb-hb-√. am\pjnI-ambAdnhv kºq¿Æ-a-√. imkvX-Øns‚ \nK-a-\-ßƒ°v kzbw ka-K- am-\-hnIhnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]mXNq≠n-°m- m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Ft∏m-gpw apt∂-dm\p≈ Hcp XrjvW \ne-hn-ep-≠v: kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lwBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CXm-Wv.76 ap≥-t]m´v t]mIpI F∂p ]d-™m¬ bp-‡n-bpsS \nK-a-\-ßƒ Dt]-£n-°pI F∂√ A¿-∞w. AXns‚ ê-ßsf \ntj-[n-°p-∂p-an-√. _p≤n-i-‡nbpw kvt\-lhpw ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-an-√mØ c≠v Ad-I-fn-e√ kq-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv: kvt\lw _p≤n-i-‡n-bm¬ kº-∂hpw_p≤n-i‡n kvt\-l-Øm¬ ]qcn-X-hp-am-Wv.

31. [m¿Ωn-I-amb hne-bn-cp-Øepw imkvXob Kth-j-Whpw ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn®v ap≥t]m- pt]mI-Ww F∂m-Wv CXn-\¿∞w. hnhn[ imkvX-im-J-Iƒ X-Ωn¬ kzc-t®¿®-bn¬ Ign-bm≥ ]c-kvt\lw Ah-bn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]h¿Øn-°-Ww. imkvXw s]mXp-th sFIyw]men-°p-Ibpw hnhn[imJ-Iƒ Ah-bp-sS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw thWw. k -bpsS kmaqlnI ]t_m-[\-Øn\v ""hnhn[ imkvX-im-J-Isf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kp]-[m-\ -am\w'' 77 D≠v. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ k -bpsS kmaq-lnI]t_m-[\-Øn\v Gsd ê-]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ignbpw.hnizm-kw, ssZh-im-kvXw, XØz-im-kvXw, AXnùXn-I-imkvXw Ch-sb√mw kl-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn®va\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ CSbm°p-∂-XmWv k -bpsS kmaq-lnI-]t_m-[\w.F√m-‰n-ep-ap-]cn, Chn-sS-bmWv k -bpsS kmaq-lnI ]t_m-[\w AXns‚ ssh⁄m-\n-I-am\w ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. hnI-k\w D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-ß-fn¬ hnth-I-Øn-t‚bpw hnNn-¥-\-Øn-t‚-bpw A`m-hhpw am¿§-Z¿i\w \evIm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp DZvK-Y-\Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ bp‡nNn¥-bpsS78 A`m-hhpw- D-≠v F∂v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. am¿K-Z¿i\w\evIp∂ DZvK-Y-\Øn\v F√m kmº-ØnI˛kmaq-lnI˛kmw-kvIm-cnI -B-flobhi-ß-tfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hy‡-amb Hcp ImgvN-∏mSv Bh-iy-am-Wv.79 hn⁄m-\sØ A-t\Iw imJ-I-fmbn th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw80 AXn- u-XnIim-kvXsØ am\-hnI imkvX-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xpw81 uXnIim-kvXhpwssZh-im-kvXhpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ssh-j-ay-ßfpw hn⁄m-\-Øns‚hnIk\sØ amX-a√ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂-Xv; P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\-tØ-bpw AXv _m[n-°pw. Imc-Ww, hyXykvX am\-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy-s‚ ka-K-amb \∑ F¥v F∂v ImWp-hm≥ Ch-sb√mw IqSp-X¬ XS- -ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p. ""bp‡n-t_m[w F-∂m¬ F¥v F∂pw CXv Fhn-sS-sb√mw ]tbm-Kn-°mw''82 F∂Xv kw_-‘n-®pap≈ \ΩpsS k¶ev]w IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am-°n-bm¬am-Xta hnI-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m LS-I-ßƒ-°pw th≠X ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ \mwhnP-bn-°p-I-bp-≈q. kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnI ]iv\-ßƒ°p ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn\pw CXp IqSntbXocq.

32. ]te-SØpw P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn¬ C∂v ImW-s∏-Sp∂ it≤-b-amb ]pXnb LS-I-ßƒ]p-Xnb ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Cu ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ sFIy-tØmsS Is≠-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Hmtcm LS-I-Øn-s‚bpw khn-ti-j-amb \nb-a-ßƒ am\n-®p-sIm≠pw a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®kaKk¶-ev]-Øn-s‚ shfn-®-Ønepw a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ hn`n-∂- h-i-ßsf ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂Xpw D]-hn-bpsS IÆm-Sn-bn-eqsS t\m°n ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xp-amb ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ Is≠-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. A-t∏mƒ, it≤-b-amb A\p-cq-]-kz- m-hhpw Nne ]cn-lm-c-am¿§-ßfpw shfn-®-Øp-hcpw.At∏mƒ a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-ßƒ H∂pw Ah-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cn-√.

a\p-jys‚ al-Øzhpw \oXn-t_m-[-hpw ]tXy-In®pw Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ Bh-iys∏-Sp-∂Xv kmº-Øn-I-amb Ak-a-Xz-ßƒ D≠m-°p∂ kºZvhyhÿ kw_-‘n® Xocp-am-\-ßƒ D≠m-I-W-sa-∂m-Wv. AXn-cp-I-S-∂Xpw [m¿Ωn-I-ambn kzoImcya√m-Ø-Xp-amb coXn-bnepw kmº-ØnI Ak-aXzw D≠m-


25


I-cp-Xv.83 F-√m-h¿°pw ÿnc-amb tPmen e`y-am-°pI F∂ e£y-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ sIm-Sp-°pI F∂kao-]\w XpS-cp-Ibpw thWw. F√m Imcy-ßfpw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ ""kmº-ØnI bp‡n-t_m[w''Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv F∂p ImWmw. Hcp cmP yØp Xs∂tbm hnhn[ cmP y-ß-fnse P\-ßƒ XΩntem, kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬\n∂p Xs∂ D≠m-Ip∂ kmaq-lnI Ak-aXzw h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ (DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h-cpsS FÆw h≥-tXm-Xn¬ h¿≤n-°pI) AXpkmaq-lnIamb sI´p-d-∏ns\ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°pw F∂p- am-X-a√, Aßs\ P\m-[n-]-XysØA]-I-S-Øn-em-°p-Ibpw sN-bvtX-°mw. AXv ItaW \jvS-ambnsIm≠n-cn-°p∂ ""kmaq-lnI aqe-[\w'' hgn kºZv-hyh-ÿ-tb-bpw ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m-[n-°pw. ]c-kv]chnizm-k-Øn-t‚bpw ]c-kv]cwBi-bn-°p-∂-Xn-t‚bpw \nb-a-ß-tfm-Sp≈ BZ-c-hn-t‚bpw _‘-ß-fpsS irwJ-esb AXv ]Xn-Iq-eambn _m[n-°pw. taev-]-d™ _‘w GXp kaq-l-Ønepw kl-h¿-Øn-Øw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv.

kwhn-[m-\-]-c-amb Ac-£n-XØzw Dev]m-Z-\-hn-cp-≤hpw am\-hn-I-hn- -h-ßsf ]mgm-°p-∂-Xp-ambat\m- mhw krjvSn-°p-sa∂v kmº-ØnIimkvXw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ ][m-\-ambpwb¥-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂n-SØv sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ B kml-N-cy-tØmSv sas√ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah-cnse Inbm-fl-IX ]pdØphcp-∂n-√. C°mcyw kw_-‘n®pw kmº-ØnIimkvXhpw km∑m¿§nIhne-bn-cp-Ø-epw Htc \nK-a-\-Øn-emWv FØp-∂-Xv. am\p-jn-I-amb sNe-hn¬ Ft∏mgpw kmº-Øn-I-amb sNehv Dƒs∏- n-cn-°pw. AXp-t]mse kmº-Øn-I-amb hnI-e-]-h¿-Ø\w am\p-jn-I-amb sNe-hn\p Imc-W-am-Ipw.

kwkvIm-c-ßsf kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-⁄m-\-Øns‚ am\-ß-fn¬ HXp-°n-\n¿Øn-bm¬ lkz-Im-e-tØ°vAXv em -I-c-am-bn-cn-°msa-¶nepw Zo¿L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw kº-∂-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw kPo-h-ambn kl-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw CXv XS w krjvSn-°pw. lkz-Im-ehpw Zo¿-L-Im-e-hp-am-bp≈ kmº-Øn-Itam kmaq-ln-Itam Bb ]cn-K-W-\-Isf hyXykvX-ambn ImWp-∂Xv ][m-\-s∏´kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°v \evIn-bn-´p≈ kwc-£-W-Øns‚ \ne-hmcwXmgvØp-Itbm A¥m-cm-jvS-X-e-Øn¬ a’-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp cmP y-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ Ign-hp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-te°v kº-Øns‚ ]p\¿hn-X-cWw kw_-‘n® kwhn-[m\w Dt]-£n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xv, imiz-X-amb hnI-k\w t\Sp-∂-Xn\v XS- -am-bn-cn-°pw. C°m-eØv \ne-hn-ep≈ lkz-Im-e- k-ºZvhyh-ÿ-bn-te-°p≈ \o°w, am\p-jn-I-amb Fs¥√mw ]cn-Wn-X- -e-ßƒ D≠m°pw F∂v ki-≤w ]Tn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "l-kz-Ime' kºZv-hyh-ÿ- F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]e-t∏mgpw hfsc Npcp-ßnb Ime-amWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv. kºZvhy-hÿ-bpsS A¿-∞-sØbpw AXns‚ e£y-ß-tfbpw kw_-‘n®vIqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ C\nbpw hnNn-¥\w \S-Øp-∂Xv At∏mƒ Bh-iy-ambn hcpw.84 AXp-t]mseXs∂, Bg-ap-≈Xpw Zo¿L-ho-£-W-tØmSp IqSn-b-Xp-amb Hcp ]p\-c-h-tem-I\w \ne-hn-ep≈ hnI-k-\- am-XrI kw_-‘n®pw \S-tØ≠nhcpw. AXnse sshI-ey-ßfpw hyXnbm-\-ßfpw Aßs\Xncp-Øm≥ Ign-b-Ww. `qan-bpsS ]cn-ÿnXn kw_-‘n® BtcmKyw CXv A\n-hm-cy-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p. F√m-‰n\pap]cn a\p-jys‚ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw [m¿ΩnI-hp-amb ]Xn-k‘n Cu ]p\-c-h-tem-I\w A\n-hm-cy-am-°p-∂p≠v. temI-saßpw Cu ]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS e£-W-ßƒ I≠p-Xp-S-ßn-bn´v Ipsd-Im-e-am-bn.

33. "P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn' ]pd-s∏Sp-hn®n´v \mev]-Xn¬]cw h¿j-ß-fm-bn. Ct∏mgpw AXn¬N¿-® sNø-s∏´ apJyhnj-bw, AXm-bXv ]ptcm-K-Xn, DØcw In´mØ tNmZy-ambn XpS-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ\ne-hn-ep≈ kmº-Øn-Ihpw [\-]-c-hp-amb ]Xn-k‘n ]iv\w IqSp-X¬ cq£-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Gsd-°mew Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Nne cmP y-ßfn¬ it≤-b-amb kmº-ØnIhf¿®D≠m-bn- p-≠v. temI-Øv BsIbp≈ Dev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ Ah¿°p≈ ]¶v h¿≤n-®n´pap≠v. AtX-k-abw a‰p taJ-e-I-fn¬ a\p-jy¿ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn-em-Wv. t]mƒBdm-as‚ ImeØv \ne-hn-en-cp∂ km-l-N-cy-Øn\v kam-\-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬. Nne ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ÿnXn IqSp-X¬ hj-fm-bn- p-ap≠v. CØcw kml-Ncyw \ne-hn¬ h∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-ß-fn¬ NneXv"P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bn¬ FSpØp ]d-™n- p-≠v F∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv. kmº-Øn-I-ambn hnI-kn® cmP y-ßƒ Npa-Øp∂ Db¿∂ Xocp-hIƒ, Cu Imc-W-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ß-fnseDev]-∂-ßƒ°v hnI-kn-X-cm-P y-ß-fnse Itºm-f-ß-fn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\v CXv Ct∏mgpw XS- -ambn \n¬°p-∂p. NmInI-teJ-\-Øn¬ a‰p Imc-W-ßsf Npcp-°-amtb kv]¿in-®n- p-≈q. C∂v BImc-W-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p; DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, A[n-\n-th-i -cm-P y-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Hgn-™p-t]m-hpI F∂ ]In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ A∂v G‰hpw A[nIw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏- n-cp∂ hnj-b-amWv. kzbw`c-W-Øn-te-°p≈ bmX kzX-¥-ambpw kam-[m-\-]-c-ambpw ]ptcm-K-an-°pw F∂m-bn-cp-∂p t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ ]Xo-£n-®-Xv. \mev]Xp h¿j-ßƒ°ptijhpw Cu bmX


26


Gsd Zp¿L-S-am-Wv F∂v \mw kΩ-Xnt® Xocq. ]pXnb cq]-Øn-ep≈ A[n-\n-thiw, ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb hntZ-i-i-‡n-Isf XpS¿∂pw Bi-bn-°p-∂-Xv, kzmX¥yw t\Snb cmPy-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ImW-s∏-Sp∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-cm-lnXyw Chsb-√m-amWv CXn\v Imc-Ww.

C∂sØ ]pXnb khn-ti-jX, temI-sa-ºmSpw ]c-kv]cw Bi-bn-°pI F∂Xv h≥tXm-Xn¬h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw F∂mWv CXv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ CXv `mKn-I-ambn ap≥Iq´n I≠p. F∂m¬ CX thK-Øn¬ CXv Fßpw hym]n°pw F∂vap≥Iq´n ImWm≥ BIp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. kmº-Øn-I-ambn hnImkw ]m]n® cmP y-ß-fn-em-bn-cp∂pCu ]Inb XpS-ßn-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv F-√m kºZvhyh-ÿ-I-tfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ coXn-bn¬ kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-Øs∂ CXv hym]n-®p. hnim-e-amb `q]-tZ-i-ßƒ Ahn-I-kn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂pw hnI-k-\-Øn-te°v h∂-Xn-s‚ ]n∂n-ep≈ apJyamb Nme-I-i-‡n CXm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-Xs∂ henb Hcp Ah-k-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw kXy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb -kvt\-l-Øns‚ am¿§-Z¿i\w Cs√-¶n¬ CuBtKm-f-i‡n CXp-hsc I-≠n- n-√mØX henb \mi-\-jvS-ßƒ°v Imc-WamIp-Ibpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-am-Ip∂ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ hn`m-Ko-bX krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AXp-sIm≠v kXy-hpw -kvt\lhpw \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ XnI®pw ]pXp-a-bp≈ Hcp k¿§m-flI sh√p-hnfn Db¿Øp-∂p; Cush√p-hnfn hfsc hn]p-e-am-Wv, k¶o¿Æ-hp-am-Wv F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. bp-‡nbpsS taJe IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am-°p-Ibpw Cu ]p-Xnb i‡n-Isf a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXns\Ign-hp-≈-Xm-°p-Ibpw th-Ww. C-XmWv \mw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn. ""kvt\l-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚'' ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n-∂p-sIm≠v Cu i‡n-Isf ssNX-\y-h-Øm-°-Ww. F√m P\-X-Iƒ-°n-S-bnepw, F√m kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw, AXn-\p-th≠ hnØv ssZ-hw ]mIn-bn- p-≠v.


27


A≤ymbw aq∂v

kmtlm-Z-cyhpw kmº-Øn-I-hn-I-k-\hpw ]uc-k-aq-lhpw

34. "kXy-Øn¬ kvt\lw' a\p-jys\ Zm\w F∂ A¤p-X-I-camb A\p- -h-Øn\p ap∂n¬ ]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ß-fn¬ kuP-\y-Zm\w At\-I-hy-XykvXcq]-ß-fn¬ k∂n-ln-X-am-Wv. tI-hew D]-t`m-K-]-chpw ]tbm-P\m[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb Pohn-X-ho-£Ww ImcWw CXp ]e-t∏mgpw Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-SmsX t]mIp-∂p. a\p-jy≥ -Zm-\-Øn-\p-th≠n krjvSn-°-s∏- -h-\m-Wv. Cu Zm\w Ahs‚AXo-µn-b-am\sØ ]I-S-am-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ km∂n≤yw Df-hm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Xs‚bpwXs‚ Poh-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚-bpw cN-bn-Xmhv Xm≥ Xs∂bm-sW∂v B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ Nne-t∏mƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-t]mIm-dp-≠v. kzm¿-∞-]-c-ambn X∂n¬Xs∂ ASbv°s∏´p Ign-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂p≠mIp∂ Hcp k¶-ev]-am-Wn-Xv. hnizm-k-kw_-‘-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, CXv "P∑]m-]-Øns‚' Hcp ]cn-WX- -e-am-Wv. kmaqlnI Ah-ÿ-I-fnepw kaq-l-Øns‚ LS-\-bn-ep-ap≈ P∑-]m-]-Øns‚ km∂n-≤ysØ k -bpsS ⁄m\w Ft∏mgpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p-≠v: ""Xn∑-bn-te°p Nm™n-cn-°p∂ hWn-X-amb Hcp kz`mhw a\p-jy-\p≠v F∂ hkvXp-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ A⁄-X- hn-Zym- ym-k-Øn-s‚bpw cmjvSo-b-Øn-s‚bpw kmaq-lnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw kZm-Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw taJ-e-I-fn¬ Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰pIƒ Df-hm-°p∂p.'' 85 ]m]-Øns‚ hn\m-iIcamb ê-ßƒ ]I-S-amIp∂taJ-e-I-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ Ipd-®p-Im-e-ambn kºZvhyh-ÿbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. CXns‚ hy‡-amb sXfnhv C°m-eØv \ΩpsS ]°-ep-≠v. Xm≥ kzbw]cym-]vX-\m-sW-∂pw Ncn-X-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-amb Xn∑sb hnP-b-I-c-ambn C√m-Xm-°m≥ Xs‚ kz¥w ]-h¿-Ø-\w-sIm-≠p-amXw Ign-bp-sa-∂pap≈ t_m≤yw, ùXnI A`n-hr-≤n-bp-sSbpw kmaq-lnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw A¥¿eo-\-ambcq]-ß-fmWv k-t¥m-jhpw c£-bpw F∂ Nn¥m-°p-g-∏-Øn-te°v a\pjys\ \bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. kº-Zvhy-hÿ kzX-¥-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂pw Hcp [m¿ΩnI kz`m-h-Øns‚ ""kzm-[o-\-ß-fn¬'' \n∂vAXns\ ]cn-c-£n-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂p-ap≈ t_m≤yw Xo¿Øpw hn-\m-i-I-c-amb Hcp am¿§-Øn¬ kmº-ØnI ]In-bsb Zpcp]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xnte°v a\p-jys\ \bn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬, Cut_m≤y-ßƒ, hy‡n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb kzmX-¥ysØ Nhn- n-sa-Xn-°p∂ kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI cm„ob hyh-ÿn-Xn-I-fn-te°v \bn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Ah hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ \oXnssIh-cp-Øm≥ A-h-bv°v Ign-bp-∂p-an-√. "]Xym-i-bn¬ c£' (Spe Salvi) F∂ Fs‚ NmInIteJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-™n- p-≈-Xp-t]m-se, C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Ncn-X-Øn\v InkvXob ]Xymi86 \„-s∏-Sp-∂p.kzmX-¥y-Ønepw \oXn-bnepw At\z-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂, a\p-jys‚ kaK-hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ipiq-j-bv°p≈i‡-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI Dd-hnSw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. ]Xymi bp‡n-t_m-[sØ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw a\- ns\ \nb-¥n-°m-\p≈ i‡n AXn\p \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.87 hn-izm-k-Øn¬ AXns‚km-∂n-≤yw t\ctØ Xs∂-bp-≠v, Xo¿®-bmbpw AXp hnizm-k-Øm¬ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ kvt\lw ]Xym-i-bm¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw AtX-k-abw AXp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. XnI®pw kuP-\y-amb Hcp ssZhn-I-Zm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬, ]Xymi \ΩpsSPohn-X-ß-fn¬ s]mń-hn-S-cp-∂p. CXp \mw A¿ln-°mØ H∂m-Wv. \oXn-bpsS F√m \nb-a-Øn\pwAXo-X-amb H∂m-Wn-Xv. Zm\w AXns‚ kz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ tbmKy-Xbv°v AXo-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. AXns‚ \nb-a-am-Is´ AXn-k-ar-≤n-bp-tS-Xpw. \Ωnse ssZhnIkm∂n-≤y-Øns‚bpw Ahn-Sp∂v \-Ωn-¬\n∂v F¥p ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p F∂-Xns‚-bpw Hcp AS-bmfw F∂ \ne-bn¬, AXv \ΩpsSBflm-°-fn¬ ]Y-a-ÿm\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂p. hnip≤ AK-kvXo-t\mkv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, kXyw -kvt\-lsa∂-\n-e-bnepw AXpt]mse Zm\w F∂ \ne-bnepw \Ω-tf-°mƒ al-Ømb H∂mWv.88

AXp-t]m-se, \Ω-fm-Ip∂ kXyw, \ΩpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb a\- m-£n-bpsS k-Xyw, ]Ya-ambn, \ap°p\¬I-s∏- Xm-Wv. Adnhnt‚-Xmb Hmtcm ]In-b-bnepw kXyw F∂Xv \mw cq]wsImSp-°p∂ H∂-√. AXv F-t∏mgpw I-s≠-Ø-s∏-Sp-Itbm kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm BWv. kvt\-lw-t]mse kXyhpwBkq-XWw sNø-s∏-Sp-Itbm C-—m-\p-k-cWw D≠m-Ip-Itbm sNøp-∂n√, adn®v GXp-hn-t[-\bpwAXv a\p-jy-cn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv.''89

28


F√m-h¿°pw e`n-°p∂ Hcp Zm\-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v kXy-Ønep≈ -kvt\lw kaq-lsØ ]Sp-Øp-b¿-Øp∂ Hcp i‡n-bm-Wv. AXn-cp-Itfm ]cn-[n-Itfm A-Sn-t®-ev]n-°msX AXv F√mhtcbpw Hcp-an-®pIq´p-∂p. \mw kzbw sIń-∏-Sp-°p∂ Hcp a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-\v, tIhew AXns‚ kz¥w i‡n-sIm-≠p-am-Xw, ]q¿Ækm-tlm-Z-cy-ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-am-Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ F√m`n∂-X-I-tfbpw adn-I-S-°m-\pw Hcp bYm¿∞ km¿h-XnI kaq-l-am-Im-\pw AXn-\p km[n-°p-I-bp-an-√. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ sFIyw, F√m AXn-cp-I-sfbpw AXn-ew-Ln-°p∂ Hcp kmtlm-Zcy Iq´m-bva; kvt\l-am-Ip∂ ssZh-Øn-s‚ hN-\amWv AXn-te°p £Wn-°p-∂Xv. Cu kp]-[m-\ ]iv\wssI-Imcyw sNøp-tºm-ƒ \mw Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Hcp hi-Øv, Zm\-Øns‚ bp‡n\oXnsb Hgn-hm-°p-Itbm ]pdta\n∂v Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-Sp∂ c≠m-asØ Hcp LS-I-ambn shdpsXAXns‚ ]m¿iz-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-Itbm A-√. t\tc-a-dn-®v, kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI cm„ob hnI-k\w b-Ym¿∞-Øn¬ am\p-jn-I-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬, km-tlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ Hcp Bhn-jvImcw F-∂ \ne-bn¬, kuP-\y-Zm\w F∂ XØz-Øn\v (the principle of gratuitousness) AXv CSw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

35. ]c-kv]chnizm-k-Øns‚ Hcp A¥-co-£-Øn¬, Bfp-Iƒ XΩn¬ _‘-Øn\p If-sam-cp-°p∂ Hcp kmº-ØnI ÿm]-\-amWv Itºm-fw. Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßfpw BK-l-ßfpw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥-th≠n Xpey-aq-ey-ap≈ Nc-°p-Ifpw tkh-\-ßfpw ssIam-dp-tºmƒ, _‘-ßƒ Iao-I-cn-°m≥Icm-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kmº-ØnI hy‡n-I-fmWv Cu Bfp-Iƒ. hn\n-a-b-\oXn (commutativejustice) F∂p hnfn-°mhp∂ XØz-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv I-tºm-fw. Hcp CS-]m-Snse I£n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ sImSp-°¬ hmß-ens‚ _‘-ßsf CXp \nb-¥n-°p-∂p. F-∂m¬, Itºmf kºZvhyh-ÿbv°vD≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ hnX-c-W-\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw kmaq-ln-I-\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw (distributive justice and socialjustice) ]m[m\yw k -bpsS kmaq-lnI ]t_m-[\w \nc-¥-c-ambn Db¿Øn-°m- n-bn- p-≠v. AXvIqSp-X¬ hnim-e-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI cm„ob ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂p F∂p-≈Xp-sIm-≠p-am-X-a-√, AXp ]h¿Øn-°p-∂ _‘-ß-fpsS irwJ-e- IqSp-X¬ hym]-I-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, ssIam‰w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Nc-°p-I-fpsS aqey-Øns‚ Xpey-X-bpsS XØzw amX-amWv Itºm-fsØ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, \∂mbn ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb kmaq-lnI sFIywkr„n-°m≥ AXn-\p Ign-bp-I-bn-√. sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn-s‚-bpw ]c-kv]c hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw B-¥-cnI cq]-ß-fn-√msX Itºm-f-Øn\v AXns‚ kmº-ØnI [¿-Ωw btYm-Nn-Xw ]q¿Æ-ambn \nd-th-‰m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Cu hnizm-k-amWv C∂v \„o- -hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ \„w Kpcp-X-c-amb Hcp \„-am-Wv. ZcnZcmP y-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn¬\n∂v BZyw t\ -ap-≠m-Ip-∂Xv kº∂cmPy-ßƒ°m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw \oXn-bpsS hym]-I-amb ]tbm-K-Øn¬-\n∂v kºZvhyh-ÿ-bv°p-Xs∂ ]tbm-P-\-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw "P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ Xd-∏n®p ]d-™Xv XnI-®pwImtem-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.90 kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbwhgn -sX-‰nb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Xncp-ØpI F∂Xp amX-a√AXv F∂p am¿]m∏ ]d-™p. Zcn-Z¿ Hcp ""`mc''91ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-c-√. shdpw kmº-ØnI ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ t\m°n-bm¬t∏mepw Ah¿ Hcp apX¬°q- m-Wv. Itºmf-kºZv-hyhÿG‰hpw \∂m-bn ]h¿-Øn-°-W-sa-¶n¬, Zmcn-Zy-Øn-s‚bpw Ahn-I-kn-Xm-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw Hcwiw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iyw, AXn¬Øs∂ AS-ßn-bn- p≠v F-∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-bmepwsX‰p-Xs∂. hntam-N\w t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂Xv Itºm-f-Øns‚ XmXv]-cy-ßƒ°-\pkr-X-am-Wv. ]s£,ê-]-Z-ambn AXp sNø-W-sa-¶n¬, AXn\v kzbw Bi-bn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Imc-Ww, AXns‚tijn-°-∏p-d-Øp≈ Fs¥-¶nepw DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ AXn\v kzbw km[n-°p-I-bn-√-t√m. Ah kr„n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ CXc kwK-Xn-I-fn¬\n∂v AXv [m¿ΩnI Du¿÷w kzoIcn°Ww.

36. hmWn-Py-]-c-amb bp‡n-bpsS tIh-e-amb ]tbm-Kw-hgn F√m kmaq-lnI ]iv\-ßfpw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ kmº-ØnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn\p Ign-bp-I-bn-√. s]mXp-\∑ e£y-am-°n-bp≈ ]cn-i-a-Øn-te°v CXp Xncn-®p-hn-tS-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ cm„ob kaq-lhpw ]tXy-I-ambn DØ-c-hm-ZnØw G-s‰-Sp-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v, kzØp-ev]m-Z-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp b¥w amX-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂kmº-Øn-I ]-h¿-Ø\w ]p\¿hn-X-c-W-Øn¬°qSn \oXn ]n≥Xp-S-cm-\p≈ am¿-§-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂cm„ob ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬\n∂p th¿s]-Sp-tºmƒ, Kpcp-X-c-amb Ak-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ kr„n-bv°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v Hm¿-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

kmº-ØnI ]h¿Ø-\sØ kaq-l-Øn\v FXn-cm-bp≈ H∂mbn IW-°m-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂\ne-]m-SmWv k - F∂pw ssIs°m≠n´p-≈-Xv. Itºm-fw, AXnepw AXn-\m¬Ø-s∂-bpw, i‡-∑m¿Zp¿_-esc ASn-a-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ CSa-√; Aß-s\-bm-Im≥ ]mSn-√-Xm-\pw. Itºm-f-Øns‚ hnImkw AXn-\m¬-Øs∂ bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-_-‘-ßfpsS A¥yw Ipdn-°p∂p F∂ ań¬ kaq-l-Øn\v AXns\

kmtlm-Z-cyhpw kmº-Øn-I- hn-I-k-\hpw ]uc-k-aq-lhpw

29


Itºm-f-Øn¬-\n∂v c£n-t°-≠-Xm-bn- n-√. Itºm-f-Øn\v Hcp \ntj-[m-flI i‡n-bm-Im≥ Ignbpw F∂v kΩ-Xn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXpkz`m-h-Øm¬Xs∂ A]-Im-c-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠-√, F∂m¬ Hcp]tXyI BZ¿i-Øn\v AXns\ Aß-s\-bm-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-WXv. ip≤-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Itºmfw \ne-\n¬°p-∂n√ F∂v Hm¿t°≠-Xp-≠v. AXns\ \n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw AXn\vam¿§-\n¿t±iw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ kmw-kvIm-cnI cq]-ß-fmWvAXns\ hm¿-sØ-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. A[n-Im-c-Xe-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ shdpwkzm¿∞-e-£y-ß-fm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-cm-Ip-tºmƒ, kºZv-hyh-ÿ--tbbpw [\-Im-cy-tØ-bpw D]-I-c-W-ß-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ tami-am-bnD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ Ign-bpw. X∑qew Ah-bn¬Øs∂ \∑-bmbn´p≈ D]-I-c-W-ßsf D]-Z-h-I-c-ß-fm-°n am‰m≥ km-[n-°pw.F∂m¬, D]-I-cWw AXn-\m¬Ø-s∂-b-√ (per se) a\p-jys‚Xtam-a-b-amb bp‡n-t_m-[-amWv Cu ]cn-WX- -e-ßƒ Df-hm-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v D]-I-c-W-tØm-S√ hy‡n-I-tfm-Spw Ah-cpsS[m¿ΩnI a\- m-£n-tbmSpw hy-‡n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-tØm-Sp-amWv CXn\p IW°p tNmZn-t°-≠-Xv.

kmºØnI ]h¿-Ø-\-Øn\p ]pdtØm AXn\p ""tij-tam'' amX-a√ AXn-\p-≈nepw, kulr-Z-Øn-s‚bpw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn-s‚bpw ]mc-kv]-cy-Øn-s‚-bpw am\p-jn-I-amb kmaq-ln-I-_-‘-ßƒ]pe¿Øm-sa-∂Xm-Wv k -bpsS kmaq-lnI ]t_m-[\w ssI-s°m-≈p∂ \ne-]mSv. kmº-Øn-I-a-WvUew [m¿ΩnI-]-c-ambn \njv]-£tam ss\k¿§n-I-ambn a\p-jy-Xz-hn-cp-≤tam kaq-lsØ FXn¿°p-∂-tXm A√. AXv am\p-jn-I-]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Ahn- m-P y- m-K-am-Wv. AXp IrXy-ambn am\p-jn-I-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v AXns\ \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw \nb-¥n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv [m¿-Ωn-Iamb Hcp coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww.

\mw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ Cu ImeØv hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]iv\-ßƒ-sIm≠v kv]„-am-°-s∏- Xpw, kmº-Øn-Ihpw [\-]-c-hp-amb ]Xn-k‘n Imc-Ww IqSp-X¬ ASn-b-¥n-c-kz- mhw ssIh-∂n- p-≈-Xp-amb henb sh√p-hnfn; kpXm-cy-X, kXy-k-‘-X, DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m[wapX-emb kmaq-lnI kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚ ]c-º-cm-KX XØz-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Itbm Zp¿_-e-am-°p-Itbm sN-øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂p amX-a√, hmWn-Py-]-c-amb _‘-ß-fn¬ kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øns‚ XØz-Øn\pw km-tlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ Hcp Bhn-jvImcw F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Zm\-Øns‚ bp‡n°pw km[m-cW kmº-ØnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ CSw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-b-W-sa∂pw, AXv Nn¥-bnepw s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw ]I-S-am-°s∏SWw F∂-Xp-amWv. C°m-eØv CXv am\p-jn-I-amb Hcp Bh-iy-amWv. kmº-Øn-I-bp‡n Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw AXm-Wv. AXv ]c-kvt\-l-Øn-s‚bpw kXy-Øn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

37. kmº-ØnI]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ F√m L -ß-fnepw \oXn-]p-e¿Ø-W-sa∂ \ne-]m-SmWv k -bpsSkmaq-ln-I- ]t_m-[-\-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw kzoI-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv. Imc-Ww, CXv Ft∏mgpw a\p-jy-t\mSpwAhs‚ Bh-iy-ß-tfmSpw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. hn -h-ßƒ Is≠-Ø¬, ]Ww kzcq-]n-°¬, Dev]m-Z-\w, D]-t`mKw F∂n-hbv°pw kmº-ØnINI-Øns‚ as‰-√m-L- -ßƒ°pw A\n-hm-cy-ambn km∑m¿-§nI-hi-ß-fp-≠v. Aßs\, F√m kmº-ØnI Xocp-am-\-Øn\pw Hcp [m¿ΩnI ]cn-W-X- -e-ap-≠v. kmaq-ln-I-im-kvX-ßfpw ka-Im-enIkºZvhyhÿ kzoI-cn-°p∂ Zn-ibpw CtX \n-K-a-\-Øn-te°v hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂p. BZyw kzØns‚ Dev]m-Z\w kº-Zvhy-h-ÿsb Gev]n-°m-sa∂pw ]n∂oSv AXns‚ hnX-c-W-Øns‚ Npa-Xe cm„o-b-Øn\p \¬Im-sa∂pw Hcp]t£ Hcp ImeØv Icp-Xm-am-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-eØv AXv IqSp-X¬ ]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv. k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS A[n-Imcw apJy-ambn ]tZ-in-I-X-e-Øn¬XpS-cp-tºmƒ kmº-ØnI ]h¿-Ø\w ]mtZ-inI ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ HXp-ßm-Ø-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\m¬, kmº-ØnI ]Inb hnI-kn®phcp-tºmƒ, ]mcw`w apX¬Xs∂ \oXn-bpsS \nb-a-ßƒ BZ-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. AXv AXn-\p-tijtam km-µ¿- n-Iambnt´m D≈XmIm≥ ]mSn-√. shdpwem -Øn-t‚-Xp- am-X-a-√mØ XØz-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn, B ]In-b-bn¬ kmº-ØnIaqey-Øn-s‚ Dev]m-Z\w _enIgn-°msX Xs∂, ]h¿Øn-°m≥ kzX-¥-ambn Xnc-s™-Sp∏p \S-Øp∂ Bfp-I-fpsSkmº-ØnI]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Itºm-f-Øn-\p-≈n¬ CSw kr-jvSn-t°≠Xp-≠v. aX-]-chpw AXvam-bcptS-Xpamb ]›m-Ø-e-ßfn¬\n∂pw XpS-°w Ipdn® ]e kmº-ØnIÿm]-\-ßfpw CXp aq¿Ø-cq-]-Øn¬Xs∂ km≤y-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.


30


BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øns‚ ImeØv Xß-fpsS CS-bn¬Xs∂ Gsd hyXy-kvX-X-I-fp≈ kwkvIm-c-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏´ a’-cm-[n-jvTnX amXr-I-Iƒ k-ºZvhyh-ÿsb kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. Ah Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ kmº-ØnI kwcw- Øns‚ `n∂-cq-]-ßƒ, Ah-bpsS t\¿°m-gvN-bpsS apJy-Imcyw hn\n-a-b-\o-Xn-bn¬ Is≠-Øp-∂p. kmº-ØnI Pohn-X-Øn\v Icm-dp-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-sW-∂p-≈Xv Ahn-X¿°n-X-am-Wv. Xpey-aq-ey-ap≈ Nc-°p-Iƒ°n-S-bnse hn\n-ab-Øns‚ _‘-ßƒ Iao-I-cn-°m≥ CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ AXn\v \oXn-]q¿∆-amb \nb-a-ßfpw cmjvSo-b-Øm¬ \nb-¥n-X-amb ]p\¿hn-X-c-W-Øns‚ cq]-ßfpw IqSn Bh-iy-ap≠v. IqSmsX Zm\-Øns‚ ssNX-\y-Øm¬ kpc- n-e-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw AXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. BZyw ]d™ bp‡n, Icm¿ ]Im-c-ap≈ hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ bp‡n,BtKm-f-hXvIrXIm-e-sØ kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bpsS khn-ti-jm-h-Im-i-ambn Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. ]t£,cmjvSob bp‡n, \ncp-]m-[n-I-Zm-\-Øns‚ bp-‡n F∂o a‰p c≠p bp‡n-Iƒ°p-≈ A-Xns‚ Bh-iyhpw ]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-amtbm AXv ]I-S-am-°p-∂p.

38. Itºm-fw, cmjvSw, k-aqlw92 F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p-hn- m-K-ß-fp≈ Hcp hyh-ÿn-Xn-bpsS Bh-iysØ-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ, Fs‚ ap≥Kman tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ "\qdm-am≠v ' (CentesimusAnnus) F∂ NmInIteJ-\-Øn¬ Cu ]iv\-Øn-te°v i≤-£-Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw km-tlm-Z-cy-Øn-s‚bpw kº-Zvhy-h-ÿbv-°p≈ G‰hpw kzm`m-hnI]›m-Ø-e-ambnAt±lw I≠Xv ]uc-k-aq-lsØbmbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ a‰p c≠p ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn¬ AXn\v At±lwCSw \ntj-[n-®pan-√. C∂v kmº-ØnIPohn-XsØ At\-Iw-Xeß-fp≈ Hcp ]Xn- m-k-ambn a\- n-em-°-W-sa∂v \ap°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. Cu Xeß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂nepw hnhn[ Af-hp-I-fnepw Hmtcm-∂n\pw A-\p-tbm-P y-amb ]tXyI am¿K-ß-fnepw kmtlm-Z-cy-]m-c-kv]-cy-Øn-s‚ hiw k∂n-ln-X-am-bn-cn°Ww. Ct∏m-gsØ- B-tKm-fhXvI-cW-Im-e-Øv, km-º-Øn-I-cw-KsØ hnhn[ ]h¿-Ø-I-cpsSbnS-bnse \o-Xnbv°pw s]mXp-\-∑bv°pw th-≠n-bp≈ sFIy-Zm¿-Vyhpw DØ-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m-[hpw Duń-h-f¿Øp-Ibpw hym]n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øn¬\n∂v thdn´p \n¬°m≥ kmº-ØnI]h¿Ø-\-Øn\p Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXp hy‡-ambpw kmº-ØnI P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ \n›n-Xhpw AKm-[-hp-amb Hcp cq]-am-Wv. sFIy-Zm¿Vyw ]Y-ahpw ][m-\-hp-ambn F√m-h-cpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂pw F√m-hsc kw_-‘n®pw D≠m-tI≠ Hcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m-[-amWv.93 AXp-sIm≠vAXv cm„-Øns‚ amXw Imcy-ambn Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bn-√. Ign-™-Im-eßfn¬ BZyw\oXnbpw XpS¿∂v AXn-s‚ Hcp ]q-cI-ambn kuP-\y-Zm-\hpw F∂ Ia-Øn-em-sW-∂v hmZn-°m≥km[n-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ C∂v, kuP-\y-Zm-\-sØ°qSmsX ]Y-a-ÿm-\Øv \o-Xn D≠m-Ip-I- km[ya-√ F∂p hy‡-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, Xpey-A-h-k-c-Øns‚ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-am-bn, hyXy-kvX-ÿm-]-\-e-£y-ßƒ°p-th≠n ]b-Xv\n-°p∂ kwcw- -ß-fpsS kzX-¥-]-h¿Ø\w A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ HcpItºm-f-am-Wm-h-iyw. emt`m-t±-iy-ap≈ kzIm-cy-kw-cw- -ßtfmSpw hnhn[ amXr-I-I-fn-ep≈ s]mXp-kw-cw-`-ßtfmSp-sam∏w, ]c-kv]cm-i-bØz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xhpw kmaq-lnI e£y-ßƒ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂Xpamb hmWnPyÿm]-\-ßƒ°v thcp]nSn-°m\pw kzbw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ kml-Ncyw D-≠m-I-Ww. Itºm-f-ÿ-esØ Ah-cpsS At\ym-\y-ap≈ kº¿-°-Øn¬\n∂v hmWn-P y-cw-KsØ s]cp-am-‰-Øns‚ k¶-c-cq-]-ßfpw AXp-hgn kº-Zvhy-hÿ kwip-≤-am-°m-\p≈ am¿K-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ipjvIm-¥nbpw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ kXy-Øn¬ -kvt\lwBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, em`w Dt]-£n-°msX Xs∂, Xpeyaqey-ap-≈hbpsS hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ bp‡n-tbbpwHtc -Hcp e£y-sa∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ em -tØ-bpw-Imƒ D∂-X-amb Hcp e£y-ap-≈, taev]-d™ kmº-Øn-I- D-Zy-a-Øns‚ amXr-I-Iƒ°v cq]-hpw LS-\bpw \¬I-W-sa-∂m-Wv.

39. kº-∂sc amX-a-√ F√m hn`mKw Bfp-I-sfbpw AXns‚ aWvU-e-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bp∂ Itºmf kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bpsS Hcp amXrI krjvSn-°m≥ "P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn'bn¬ t]mƒB-dm-a≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. F√m-h¿°pwth-≠n IqSp-X¬ a\p-jy-Xz-ap≈ Hcp temIw, ""Hcphn`m-K-Øns‚ sNe-hn¬ as‰mcp hn`mKw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-≠m-°m-sX, F√m-h¿°pw sImSp-°m\pw sIm-≈m\pw Ign-bp∂''94 Hcp temIw, sIń-∏-Sp-°p∂-Xn\v ]cn-i-an°p-hm≥ At±lw Blzm\w sNbvXp.C]-Imcw "\ho-\-hy-h-ÿnXn' (Rerum Novarum) F∂ NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn¬ AS-ßnb Dƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw A`n-em-j-ßfpw At±lw BtKm-fXe-Øn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-bncp∂p. hymh-km-bnI hnπ-h-Øns‚ Hcp êw F∂ \ne-bn¬, kmaq-ln-I-I-a-Øn\v, AXns‚ kzbw \nb-¥-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n,]p\¿-hn-X-cWw Dt±-in-®p≈ cmjvS-Øns‚ CS-s]-Sepw Bh-iy-am-sW-∂p≈ B-ibw BZy-ambn AXn\p ap≥]m-bn-Øs∂ \n¿t±-in-°-s∏- -t∏m-gmWv "\ho-\-hy-h-ÿnXn' F-gp-Xn-b-Xv. C∂v Itºm-f-ßfpw kaq-l-ßfpw Bhn¿`hn-°p∂ coXn Cu Z¿i-\-Øn\v òj-Wn-bm-sW∂p amX-a√, ]q¿Æ-ambpw a\p-jy-Xz-]c-amb- Hcp k-ºZvhyh-ÿ-bpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ CXv A]-cym-]vX-


31


am-Wp-Xm-\pw. a\p-jys\bpw kaq-l-sØbpw-Ipdn-®p≈ AXns‚ Z¿i-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬k -bpsS kmaq-ln-I- ]t_m-[\w Ft∏mgpw ssI-s°m-≠n- p≈ \ne-]m-Sns\ BtKm-f-hXvI-c-W-Øns‚ Ne-\m-flI ]-h¿Ø\w C∂p ÿncoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Itºm-f-Øns‚ bp‡nbpw cmjvS-Øns‚ bp‡n-bpw XΩn¬ AXm-Xns‚ kzm[o-\-ta-J-e-I-fn¬AXm-Xn-t‚-Xmb IpØI XpS¿∂pw \ne-\n¿Øp-sa∂v Hcp [mc-W-bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ, Imem-¥-c-Øn¬Gsd \jvS-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p: ]uc-∑m¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Ønse sF-Iy-Zm¿Vyw, ]¶m-fn-Øhpw ]n¥p-Wbpw, kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-ƒ F∂nh-sbms° \jvS-s∏Sp∂p. In´m≥th≠n sImSp-°pI (hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ bp‡n), Np-a-Xe F∂ \ne-bn¬ \¬IpI (cm-jvS-\n-baw G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp∂s]mXp-hmb IS-∏m-Sns‚ bp‡n) F∂n-hbv°v hncp-≤-ambn Ch-sb√mw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. Ahn-I-kn-Xm-h-ÿsb ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥, hn\n-a-bm-[n-jvTnX CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw s]mXp-P-\-t£a-LS-\-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m\pw amX-a√, F√m-‰nepw D]cn BtKm-fX-e-Øn¬ kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øn-s‚-bpw Iq´m-bva-bp-sSbpw Awi-ß-fm¬ apZn-X-amb kmº-ØnI ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ cq]-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Xp-dhnItaW h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw IqSn-bp≈ ]h¿Ø\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. Itºm-fhpw cmjvS-hpw amX-ap≈Hcp bp‹amXrI kaq-lsØ £bn-∏n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]uc-k-aq-l-Øn-te°v ]cnan-X-s∏-SmsX AXn¬kzm`m-hn-I-ÿm\w Is≠-Øp∂ sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb kmº-Øn-I-cq-]-ß-fm-Is´,kaq-lsØ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂p. kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øns‚ hn]Wn \ne-hn-en-√. kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øns‚ a-t\m-`m-h-ßƒ \nb-aw-sIm≠p \n¿Ωn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-an-√. F¶nepw ]c-kv]-c-Zm-\-Øn-te°p Xpd-°m≥a\x-ÿn-Xn-bp≈ hy‡n-Isf hn]-Wn°pw cmjvS-Øn\pw Bh-iy-ap-≠v.

40. Kpcp-X-c-amb hyXn-bm-\-ßfpw ]cm-P-b-ßfpw sIm≠v apZn-X-amb C∂sØ A¥m-cmjvSkmº-ØnIcwK-Øn\v _nkn-\kvkwcw- sØ a\- n-em-°m≥ Kuc-h-Xc-amb Hcp ]pXnb am¿Kw Bh-iy-ap-≠v. ]gb amXr-I-Iƒ A]-Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ mhn-bpsS ip -]-Xo£ \¬Ip∂]pXnbh NI-hm-f-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂p-≠v. \n w-i-b-ambpw _nkn-\-kp-Iƒ-°p≈ G‰hpw henbA]-I-S-km-≤y-X-I-fn¬ H∂v Ah GXm≠p ]q¿Æambn-Øs∂ AhbpsS \nt£-]-I-tcmSv DØcw]d-tb-≠-h-bm-sW-∂p-≈Xpw X∑qew Ah-bpsS kmaq-lnI-aqeyw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. _nkn-\kv kwcw- -ßƒ hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ hf-cp-∂p. Ahbv°v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ aqe-[\w Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ Iº-\n-bpsS kPo-h- \n-e-\n-ev]n\pw ]h¿Ø-\- -e-ßƒ°pwtIh-ew lkz-Im-e-tØ-°-√msX Zo¿-L-Im-e-tØ°v Xm≥ DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-sW∂p Icp-Xp∂ Hcp ÿncwUb-d-IvS-dpsS ssII-fn¬ _nkn-\kv kw-cw- w Bbncn°pI F∂Xv A]q¿∆-ambn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.Hcp ]tZ-isØ amXw Bi-bn-°pI F∂Xpw _nkn-\- ns\ kw_-‘n-®-S-tØm-fw A]q¿-∆-ambns°m≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. IqSm-sX, Hcp \n›nX q]-tZ-i-tØmSp _‘-an-√m-Ø-hcpw AXp-sIm≠vAkm-[m-cW Ne-\-£-a-X-bp-≈-h-cp-amb HmlcnDS-a-I-fpsS ]tbm-P-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n; sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ,hnX-c-W-°m¿, D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ, ]Ir-Xn-bnse ]cn-ÿn-Xn, hnime kaq-lw F∂n-ß-s\ Iº-\n-bpsS\ne-\n-ev]n¬ Xev]-c-cmb F√m-h-tcmSpw F√m-‰n-t\m-Sp-ap≈ Iº-\n-bpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m-[sØDev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ _mly-tkm-X v hXvI-c-W-Øn\v (outsourcing) Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. C-∂sØ A¥m-cmjvS aqe-[\-hn]Wn henb ]h¿-Ø-\-kzm-X¥yw \¬Ip-∂p. F-∂m¬ _nkn-\-kns‚ `mKØv D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ henb kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-sØ-°p-dn®v Ah-t_m-[w h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂p≠p-Xm\pw. tIm¿∏-td‰v temI-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-sØ-°p-dn®v Ct∏mƒ \S-°p∂ kwhm-ZtØmSp _‘-s∏´ kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ F√mw k -bpsS kmaq-lnI ]t_m-[\-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ kzoIm-cy-a√. F¶nepw _nkn-\kv Imcy-ß-fn¬ DS-a-I-fpsSXmXv]-cy-ßƒ°\p-kr-X-ambn amXw ]h¿-Øn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂pw sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ, CS-]m-Sp-Im¿,Dev]m-Z-\-Øn-\p≈ hnhn[ LSI-ßƒ e`y-am-°p-∂-h¿, _-‘-s∏´ kaqlw F-∂n-ßs\ _n-kn-\- ns‚kPoh \ne-\n-ev]n\v kw- m-h\ \¬Ip∂ F√m Xev]-c-I-£n-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw AXv Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw D≈ t_m≤yw hf¿∂phcp-∂p-≠v. C°-gn™ GXm\pw h¿j-ß-fn¬ amt\-P¿am-cpsS km¿h-eu-InI kz`m-h-ap≈ Hcp ]pXnb hn`mKw Bhn¿- -hn-®n- p-≠v. Hmlcn DS-a-I-tfmSpamX-amWv ]e-t∏mgpw Ch¿°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≈-Xv. Hmlcn DS-a-I-fpsS A⁄m-X-amb \n-t£-]-ß-fmWv s]mXp-sh Ch-cpsS ]Xn- ew bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \n¿-Æ-bn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ t\sc adn-®v,Zo¿L-ho-£-W-ap≈ ]e amt\-P¿amcpw, Ah-cpsS kwcw-`hpw AXp ]h¿Øn-°p∂ ]tZ-ihpwAYhm ]tZ-ißfpw XΩn-ep≈ AKm-[-amb _‘-sØ-∏‰n C∂v h¿≤n-®-tXm-Xn¬ t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. tIh-ew hy‡n-]-c-amb ]tbm-P-\-Øn-\p-th≠n hntZ-i-tØ°p aqe-[-\w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v, kz¥w amXr-cm-P y-Øn-\p-≠m-Im-hp∂ \jvS-Øn-te°v Kuc-h-ambn i≤-]-Xn-∏n-°m≥ t]mƒBdm-a≥ P\-ßsf £Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.95 \nt£]Øn\v Ft∏mgpw km-º-Øn-I-sa-∂-t]mse


32


[m¿ΩnI-hp-amb ]m[m-\y-ap-s≠∂v tPm -t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ ]Tn-∏n-®p.96 aqe-[-\-hn-]Wn KW-\o-b-ambnDZm-c-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. \nt£]w am\p-jn-Ihpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-ambX√ tIhew kmt¶-Xn-Iamb ]hr-Øn-bm-sW∂v B[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI Nn¥ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F¶nepw taev∏-d-™-h-sb√mw AXn\v Du∂-¬ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv C∂pw km[p-hm-Wv. kz¥w \mń-se-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒhntZ-iØp \nt£-]n-°p∂-]£w Hcp \n›n-X-aq-e-[-\-Øn\v ta∑-bp-≠m-Im≥ Ignbpw F∂Xv \ntj-[n-°m≥ Hcp Imc-W-hp-an-√. F∂mepw \oXn- Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂ Imcy-ßƒ ]cn-c-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.aqe-[\w DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏´ am¿K-Øn\pw AXv DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏´ ÿeØv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-]£wAXp-sIm≠v hy‡n-Iƒ°p-≠m-Imhp∂ tZmj-Øn\pw A¿lamb ]cn-K-W\ \¬In-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww CXv.97 [\-]-c-amb hn -h-ß-fpsS Dul-°-®-h-Sm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ D]-tbm-K-amWv Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xv. lkz-Imeem`w amXw tXSm-\p≈ ]tem- -\-Øn\v Cu D]-tbmKw hg-ßp-∂p. kwcw- -Øns‚Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ-°p≈ \ne-\n-ev]v, bYm¿∞-k-ºZvhyh-ÿbv°v AXp-sIm-≠p≈ ]tbm-P-\w, hnI-k\w Bh-iy-ap≈ cmPy-ß-fn¬ A\p-tbm-P yhpw DNn-X-hp-amb am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ kmº-ØnI DZy-a-ß-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ i≤ F∂nh ChnsS ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. \nt£-]-ß-fpsSbpwsshZ-Kv≤y-ß-fp-sSbpw Ib-‰p-aXn Ah kzoI-cn-°p∂ cmPy-ß-fnse P\-ßƒ°v ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-≈Xv hmkvXh-am-Wv. sXmgn¬ kmt¶-Xn-I-⁄m-\w Ch km¿h-Xn-I-kw-K-Xn-I-fm-Wv. F¶nepwkpÿn-c-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v Hcp A-Xymh-iy-L-S-I-amb, DXv]m-Z-\-]-chpw kmaq-ln-Ihp-amb Hcp kpZr-Vkº-Zmbw D≠m-Im≥ klm-bn-®p-sIm≠v, ]mtZ-inI kaq-l-Øn\v bYm¿-∞-kw- m-h\ \¬ImsXtIhew A\p-Iq-e-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ e-£yw-ht®m Nqj-W-Øn-\p≈ ZpjvSem-t°mSp IqSntbm Ch Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xv icn-b-√.

41. Ft∏mgpw IqSp-X¬ hn]p-e-ambns°m≠n-cn-°p∂ aqey-ß-fpsS Hcp hn]pe-tiWn, _nkn-\kvkw-cw- -Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂p F∂v Cu N¿®-bpsS ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. hn]-Wnbpw cmjvS-hp-sa∂ bp‹ -am-XrIbpsS XpS-cp∂ B[n-]-Xyw, HcphiØv Hcp apX-em-fnØ Nmbvhp≈ kzImcy _nkn-\kv \mb-Is‚-bpw adp-h-iØv tÃ‰v Ub-d-IvS-dp-sSbpw `mj-bn¬-amXw Nn¥n-°m≥ \sΩ ioen∏n®ncn°p∂p. bYm¿-∞-Øn¬, kw-tbmPnXamb Hcp am¿KØn¬_nkn\kv a\- nem-°s∏tS-≠XmWv. Cßs\ ]dbm≥ kmº-ØnI Imc-W-ßƒ°-Xo-X-amb At\IwIm-cWßfp≠v. _n-kn\kv ]h¿-Ø\-ßƒ°v sXmgn¬-]camb ]m-[m-\y-tØ°mƒ IqSpXembnHcp am-\pjnI-]m-[m\y-ap≠v;98 hy-‡n]camb Hcp ]-h¿-Ø\w (actus personae)99 F∂va\ nem°s∏Sp∂ AXns‚ km∂n≤yw F√m tPm-enbnepap≠v. A-Xp-sI-m-≠mWv G-sX¶nepwXcØn¬ ""Xm≥ X\n°p-th≠nØs∂-bm-Wv tPmen sNøp∂Xv''100 F∂p a\- nem°ns°m≠v Xt‚-Xmb kw`mh\ \¬Im≥ Hmtcm sXmgn-emfn-°pw Ahkcw e`nt°≠Xv. ""A≤zm-\n°p∂ Hmtcmhy‡nbpw Hcp k-jvSmhmWv''101 F∂v DNn-X-amb ImcW-tØm-SpIqSn t]mƒ Bdma≥ ]-Tn∏n®p.sXmgnemfnIfpsS Bh-iyßƒ°pw A-¥- n\psam∏w kaqlØns‚ B-hiyßƒ°pap≈ ]-Xyp-Øcambn´mWv, ""kzI-m-cy''-hpw ""s]mXp''hpw XΩn-ep≈ tIh-eamb A¥c-Øn¬ Iq-SpXembn hn-hn[ amXrI-Ifn-ep≈ _nkn\kv kwcw`ßƒ ÿnXnsN-øp∂Xv. Ahbn¬ Hm-tcm-∂n-\pw Hcp \n-›nX _n-kn\kv tijn Bhiyap≠v. Ah AXv B-hn-jvIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. tZ-io-b-Xe-Øn-epwB-tKm-fXeØnepap≈ s]mXp-\∑-bv°mbn tkh\w sNøp∂ Hcp \n-ebnte°v thKw FØn-t®cp∂Hcp kºZv-hyh-ÿ-bpsS \n¿ΩmW-Øn\p-th≠n, _nkn\kv ]h¿-Ø-\Øns‚ Cu hnim-e-amb]m-[m\yw IW°n-se-Sp°p-∂Xv DNnXamWv. ""em -an-√mØ'' temIØn¬-\n∂v ""em -ap≈'' temI-Øn-te-°pw Xncn®pw, s]m-XptemIØn¬-\n∂v ]uc-kaql-Øn-te°pw hnI-knX kºZv-hyh-ÿI-fn¬-\n∂v hnI-kzccmPyß-fnte°pw, ]mK-¤yw am‰n-s°m-≠p-≈ _nkn\kv ]h¿Ø\Øn-s‚ hyXy-kvX-am-XrI-Ifp-sS CSbnse ]mc-kv]-cysØ (cros fertilization) AXv A\p-Iqen°p∂p.

""cmjvSobA[nImc''Ønepw aqeyßfpsS Hcp hn-]pe-tiWn Dƒs∏Sp∂p≠v. kmaqlnIambn DØ-c-hmZn-Øap-≈Xpw am\pjnIamb kmº-ØnI D-ev]m-Z\-£a-X-bpsS Hcp ]pXnb Iaw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂]Inbbn¬ CXv AhKWn-°m≥ ]mSn√. B-tKmf-XeØn¬ _nkn-\kv ]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `n∂-cq]-ßsf hf¿Øn-sbSp-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, ]e Xe-ßfn¬ ê]Zamb Hcp hntI-µo-IrX cmjvSobm-[n-Imc-sØ-bpw \mw t]m’mln-∏n°-Ww. C∂-sØ ka-K -k-ºZvhyhÿ cm„-ß-fpsS ]¶v A\m-h-iy-am-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ AXn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn AXv A-t\ym-\y-ap≈ h¿≤n® kl-I-c-W-Øn\vk¿°m-cp-Isf t]cn∏n°p-∂p. cm„-Øns‚ A¥yw ]Jym-]n-°pI F∂ henb A]-ISw ]mSn√F∂v ⁄m-\hpw hnth-Ihpw D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p. C∂-sØ ]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS ImTn-\y-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, cm„-Øns‚ ]¶v hf-cm≥ hn[n-°-s∏ńcn-°p∂p F∂Xm-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. AXns‚tijn-Iƒ ]-eXpw AXp hos≠-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. IqSm-sX, Nne cmP y-ß-fn¬ cm„\n¿Ωm-


33


Whpw ]p\¿-\n¿Ωm-Whpw Ah-bpsS hnI-k-\-Ønse Hcp apJy-L-S-I-ambn Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p.C∂sØ kmº-ØnI]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ sFIy-Zm¿Vym-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-°p-≈n¬A¥m-cm„ klm-b-Øns‚ i≤ tIµo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv, `c-W-L-S-\m-]-chpw \nb-a-]-chpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb kº-Zm-b-ßƒ CXp-hsc ]q¿Æ-ambn A\p- -hn-°mØ cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ah-bpsS GIo-I-c-W-Øn-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. kmº-Øn-I-k-lm-b-tØm-sSm∏w \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ°v A\p-tbm-P y-amb Dd-∏p-IƒIqSp-X¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂Xp e£y-am-°n-bp≈ klm-bhpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. s]mXp-hmb Ia-Øn-s‚-bpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sfbpw bYm¿∞ P\m-[n-]Xy ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw BZ-cn-°p∂ ê-]-Z-amb XS-hp-in-£-bp-sSbpw Hcp hyh-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xv. cm„-Øn\v F-√m-bn-SØpw Htc-t]m-se-bp≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Zp¿_-e-amb c-W-L-S-\m-k-º-Zm-b-ßsf i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI e£y-am-°n-bp≈ ]n≥Xp-W-tbm-sSm-∏w, kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hpw ]mtZ-in-Ihpw aX-]-c-hp-ambkz`m-h-ap≈ a‰p cm„o-b kl-h¿Øn-IfpsS hnI-k-\hpw D≠m-I-Ww. kmº-ØnI BtKm-fhXvI-c-W-Øns‚ ]-In-b°v am¿§Z¿i\w \¬Im-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ hgn-I-fn¬ H∂v ]m-tZ-inI tZiobA¥¿t±-iob Xe-ß-fn-ep≈ cm„ob A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ kwtbm-P-\-am-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-Isf hmkvX-h-Øn¬ AXv Ań-a-dn-°p-∂n√ F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p≈ hgnbpw AXp-X-s∂.

42. BtKm-fhXvI-c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Ne-\m-flI ]h¿Ø\w, a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ Bi-bn-°mØ,A⁄m-Xhpw \n¿hn-Im-c-hp-amb i‡n-I-fp-sStbm LS-\-I-fp-sStbm DXv]-∂-am-sW∂ ań¬, hn[nIev]n-X-Xz-Øns‚ `mj-bn¬ AXns\ Nne-t∏mƒ ho£n-°m-dp-≠v.102 BtKmfhXv-I-c-W-sØ Xo¿®-bmbpw Hcp kmaq-ln-I-km-º-ØnI ]In-b-bm-bn a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒXs∂, AXns‚ Htc Hcpam\w C-X√ F∂v Hm¿°p-∂Xv C°m-cy-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-]-Z-am-Wv. IqSp-X¬ Zriy-amb ]In-b-bpsS]n∂n¬ a\p-jy-h¿§w Xs∂ h¿≤n-®-tXm-Xn¬ ]c-kv]-c-_-‘n-X-am-bn-Øo¿-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Xß-fp-tS-Xmb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ H‰bv-°pw Iq´mbpw Gs‰-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, Cu ]-InbbneqsS B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw hnI-k-\hpw103 ssIh-cn-t°≠ hy-‡n-I-sfbpw P\-X-I-sfbpw sIm≠mWv AXp kr„n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¿Øn-I-fpsS XI¿® Hcp ù-XnI hkvXpX amX-a-√. AXns‚ Imc-W-ß-fnepwê-ß-fnepw AXv Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-I-kw- hw IqSn-bm-Wv. hn[n-I-ev]nXw F∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬-IqSn BtKm-fhXvI-c-WsØ ho£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, A-Xn-s\ hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw AXn\p am¿§-Z¿i\w \¬Im-\p-ap≈ am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ \„-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp am\p-jnI bmYm¿∞yw F∂ \ne-bn¬ AXv, hnth-N-\-Øns‚ ]In-b°v hnt[-b-am-t°-≠, hn`n∂ kmw-kvIm-cnI ]h-W-X-I-fpsS Dev]-∂-am-Ip-∂p. a\p-jy-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ sFIyhpw \-∑-bn-te-°p≈ AXns‚ hnIm-k-hp-amWv Hcp ]-Inb F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ B-tKm-fhXvI-c-W-Øn\v kXyhpw AXns‚ auen-I-amb kZm-Nm-c-am-\-Z-WvU-ßƒ \¬-Ip-∂-Xpw. AXp-sIm≠v, AXo-µn-bX-bn-te°p Xpd-°p∂ temI-hym-]-I-amb kwtbm-P-\-Øns‚ hy‡ym-[n-jvTn-Xhpw kaq-tlm-∑p-J-hp-amb kmwkvIm-cnI ]Inb t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°m≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcp]Xn-_-≤X Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p.

\ntj-[n-°p-Itbm hep-Xm°n Im´p-Itbm sN-øm≥ ]mSn-√mØ LS-\m-]-c-amb Awi-ß-fn¬ NneXvDs≠-¶n¬t∏m-epw, ""sXfn-bn-°-s∏-ń-ń-√mØ Hcp km-¶-ev]nI kn≤m-¥-amb BtKm-fhXv-I-cWw\√tXm No-Øtbm A√. Bfp-Iƒ AXns\ F¥m-°nØo¿°p-∂pthm AXm-bn-cn°pw AXv.''104 \mwAXns‚ Cc-I-fm-Im≥ ]mSn-√. bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-®v, D]-hn-bmepw kXy-Ømepw\bn-°-s∏´v \mw AXn-s‚ apJyh‡m°-fm-I-Ww. AXn-t\m-Sp≈ A‘-amb FXn¿∏v sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏- Xpw ap≥hn-[n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb Hcp at\m- m-h-am-bn-cn°pw. A‘-amb hntcm-[w-aqew Cu]In-b-bpsS k¿§m-fl-I-h-i-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-sX-h-cn-Ibpw hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ AXn-s‚At\Iw Ah-k-c-ßƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ kµ¿`w C√m-Xm-°pI F∂ A]-IS km≤yXXXv- -e-ambn D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. A\p-tbm-P y-ambn a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \nb-¥n-°-s∏-Sp-IbpwsN-øp∂ BtKm-fhXvI-c-W- ]In-b, temI-hym-]-I-amb Hcp XeØn¬, h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ kz-Øns‚]p\¿-hn-X-c-W-Øns‚ A`q-X-]q¿h-amb km≤y-X-bn-te°p Xpd-°p-∂p. F¶nepw sX‰mbn \nb-¥n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, AXv Zmcn-Zy-Øn-s‚bpw Ak-a-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw h¿≤-\-hn\p hgn-sX-fn-°p-IbpwHcp BtKmf ]Xn-k-‘n-°p-t]mepw XpS°w Ipdn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. P\-X-Iƒ X-Ωnepw P\-X-Iƒ°p-≈nepw `n∂-X-Iƒ Df-hm-°p∂ sX-‰mb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ah-bn¬ NneXv Kpcp-X-c-am-Wv Xncp-tØ-≠Xpw kzØns‚ ]p\¿hn-X-cWw Zmcn-Zy-Øn-s‚ ]p\¿hn-X-c-W-Øntem h¿≤-\-hntem IqSnkw -hn-°p-∂n-√m-sb∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv; Ct∏m-gsØ ÿnXn tami-ambn \nb-¥n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Hcp bYm¿∞ A]-I-S-am-Wn-Xv. Zcn-Z-cmb P\-ßƒ hnI-k-\-Øns‚Hcp \n›nX L -Øn¬ Ign-b-W-sa∂pw hnI-kn-X-cmb P\-ß-fpsS Poh-Im-cp-Wy-]-c-amb klmbwe`n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwXr-]vX-cm-I-W-sa∂pw Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn Icp-X-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. "P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-


34


KXn'bn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ Cu a\x-ÿn-Xnsb i‡-ambn FXn¿Øn- p-≠v. C∂v Cu P\-ßsf Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬\n∂p c£n-°m≥ ap≥]-tØ-°mƒ hf-sc-b-[nIw uXnI hn -h-ßƒ e`y-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬AXn¬ IqSp-X-epw HSp-hn¬ FØn-t®¿∂Xv, hnI-knXcmPy-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ P\-ßfpsS ssII-fn-em-Wv. aqe-[-\-Øn-s‚bpw sXmgn-ens‚bpw \o°-Øn¬ kw -hn® DZm-c-h-XvI-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v IqSp-X¬ ]tbm-P\w e`n-®Xv Cu cmP y-ßƒ-°m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v, kzm¿∞-]-ctam kzbkwc-£-W-]-ctam kzImcy XmXv]-cy-ßƒ°v DX-Ip-∂tXm Bb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, kar-≤n-bpsS L-SI-ß-fpsS temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ hym]-\-Øn\v XS- -am-Im≥ ]mSn-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw, hnI-kz-c-amb AYhm ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ cmPy-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw Cu ]Xn-k-‘nsb sa®-ambn ssIImcyw sNøm≥ C∂p\sΩ ]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p. BtKm-fhXvI-c-W-Øns‚ ]In-b-bn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn- p≈ am‰w henb]bm-k-ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. sFIy-Zm¿-Vy-Øns‚ am\-ho-I-cW e£y-Øn-te°vBtKm-fhXvI-c-WsØ i‡-ambn apt∂m-´p-\o-°p∂, \c-hw-i-im-kvX-Øn-s‚bpw kZm-Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw A¥¿eo\ ssNX-\ysØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \ap°p km[n-s®-¶n¬ amXta Ch XcWwsNøm≥ Ign-bq. hy‡y[n-jvTn-Xhpw ]tbm-P-\-hm-Z-]-c-hp-amb kz`m-h-ap≈, kZm-Nm-c-]-chpw kmw-kvIm-cn-Ihpamb ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ ]e-t∏mgpw Cu ssNX-\ysØ ap°n-°-f-bp-ItbmsRcp°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. BtKm-fhXvI-cWw A-t\-I- m-h-ß-fp-≈Xpw k¶o¿Æ-hp-amb Hcp ]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-amb am\w Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ AXns‚ F√m hyXy-kvX-am-\-ß-fp-sSbpw\m\m-Xz-Øn-epw GI-Xz-Ønepw Cu ]Xn- m-ksØ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C]-Imcw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ BtKm-fhXvI-cWw A\p-`-hn-°m\pw Bt]-£nI-am-b-co-Xn-bn¬, Iq´m-bva-bp-sSbpw hn`-h-ß-fp-sS ]¶p-h-bv°-en-s‚bpw coXn-bn¬, AXns\ \nb-¥n°m\pw km[n-°pw.


35


A≤ymbw \mev

P\XIfpsS hnIk\wAhImißfpw I¿Øhyßfpw

]cn-ÿnXn

43. ""\ap°v ]tbmP\Icamb am\pjnI -sFIy-Zm¿-Vyw F∂ bmYm¿∞yw Hcp I¿Ø-hyw \Ωn¬Npa-ØpIbpw sNøp∂p≠v.''105 XßtfmSp Xs∂b√msX a‰mtcmSpw X-ßƒ-°v bmsXmcpIS∏mSpans√∂v C∂v At\-I¿ Ah-Imis∏Sp∂p. AhcpsS Ah-Imi-ß-sf°pdn®p amXtaAh¿°v XmXv]cyap≈q. Xß-fp-sS Xs∂bpw a‰p≈-hcpsS-bpw kaKhnIk\-Øn-\p-≈DØchmZnØw Gs‰-Sp°p-∂Xn¬ Ah¿°p ]e-t∏mgpw henb sshjayap≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-Imi-ßƒ tIhew ZpxkzmX¥yw Bbn-Øo-cmXncn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Ahsb°pdn®p≈ k¶ev]-Øn¬ F-]Im-c-amWv I¿Øhyßƒ Dƒs°m≠ncn-°p-∂Xv106 F∂-Xn-s\∏‰n Hcp ]p\¿hnNn¥\w Bhiy-ambn-cn°p∂p F∂Xv kp][m\amWv. C°meØv Kpcp-Xcamb Hcp s]mcpØt°Sn\v \mw km£ywhln-°p-∂p; Hcp hiØv, kz`mhØn¬ tkz—m]chpw A-Xymhiy-a-√mØ-Xpamb AhImihmZ-ßƒ D∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. A-tXm-sSm∏w s]mXpLS\Iƒ Ahsb Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-Ibpw t]m’m-ln-∏n°pIbpw sNøW-sa∂ B-hiy-hpw Db-cp∂p. adph-iØv, ]mYanIhpw ASn-ÿm-\-]c-hpambAh-Imißƒ AwKoIcn°-s∏SmsX-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw temI-Øn-s‚ ]e`m-KØpw A-h ewLn°-s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.107 kºZvk-ar≤amb kaqlß-fn-se ""B[n-Iy-Øn-\p≈ A-h-Imi''-Øn-\pth≠n,\n-baewL\Øn\pw Zp¿-hr-Øn-°p-t]mep-ap≈ Ah-ImiØn\pth≠n, D∂-bn°-s∏Sp∂ hmZ-ßfpw,AhnI-knX-temI-Øns‚ taJeIfnepw h≥-\Kc-tIµ-ßfpsS ]m¥-ßfnepw £Ww, IpSn-sh≈w,ASnÿm\-hnZym-`ym-kw, ]m-YanIm-tcmKy-]-cnNc-Ww XpS-ßn-bhbpsS A`mhhpw XΩnep≈ Hcp_‘w ]et∏mgpw i-≤n°s∏ń- p≠v. Cu _‘w C\n ]d-bp-∂XnemWv ASßnbncn-°p-∂Xv: hy‡n-]camb AhImi-ßƒ°v ]q¿ÆA¿-∞w \¬Ip∂ I¿ØhyßfpsS N´°q- n¬-\n∂v Ah hnt—Zn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, êØn¬ A]-cn-anX-hpw hn-th-N\-cln-Xhpamb BhiyßfpsS B[nIy-Øn-te°v\bn®p-sIm≠v Ah A\nb-¥nX-ambn-Øocmw. Ah-Imi-ß-ƒ \¬Ip∂ AanXamb Du∂¬ I¿-Ø-hy-ßƒ Ah-KWn°p-∂Xnte°v \bn°p∂p. I¿-Øhy-ßƒ Ah-Imi-ßƒ-°v Hcp ]cn[n Iev]n-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww A-hImi-ßƒ `mK-am-bn´p≈ \chwi-imkvX-]chpw kZm-Nmc-]chpamb N´-°qńte°v Ah hnc¬-Nq≠p-∂p. Cu coXn-bn¬ Ah Zpx-kzm-X-¥yambn-Øocp∂n-s√-∂v Dd∏m-°p∂p.X∑qew I¿-Ø-hyßƒ A-hImi-ß-sf i‡ns∏Sp-ØpI-bpw s]m-Xp\∑-bpsS tkh\-Øn\v sNtø≠Hcp ZuXyw F∂ \n-ebn¬ Ah-bp-sS ]Xntcm[hpw t]m’m-l\hpw B-hiy-s∏-SpI-bpw sNøp∂p.A√mØ-]£w, a\p-jymh-Imißfp-sS ASnÿm\w Hcp ]uc-kaq-l-Øns‚ Xocp-am\-ß-sf Bi-bn-®m-sW-¶n¬, B AhImißƒ GXp kabhpw am‰-s∏Smw. AXp-sIm-≠v Ahsb BZcn-°m-\pwA\p-[m-h\w sNøm\pap≈ I¿Ø-hyw s]m-Xp-hmb Ah-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂p am-™p-t]m-Ip∂p.At∏mƒ `c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw A¥¿t±iob kw-L-S-\Ifpw AhImi-ß-fp-sS hkvXp-\njvT-Xbpw ""A-ew-L\obX''bpw ImWmsX t]m-sb-∂p hcmw. CXp kwhn°ptºmƒ P\XI-fpsS bYm¿-∞hnI-k\w A-]ISØnem-°pIbmWv.108 CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Nn¥-Ifpw ]hr-Øn-Ifpw A¥mcmjvS kw-LS\IfpsS A[n-Imcw kwi-bIcam°p∂p; ]-tXy-In®v, hnI-k\w G-‰-hpa[n-Iw Bhiyap≈ cm-P y-ßfpsS I-Æp-Ifn¬. Xo¿®-bmbpw, Cu cm-P yßƒ Bhiy-s∏-Sp∂Xv ""A-hcpsS kz¥w `mK-t[bØns‚ inev]n-Iƒ''109 B-Im≥, AXmbXv A-hcpsS I¿Ø-hyßƒ \n¿h-ln-°m≥, k-lmbn°m-\p≈ NpaXe A-¥¿t±iob kaq-lw Gs‰-Sp-°W-sa-∂mWv. I¿-Ø-hyßfpsS A-t\ym-\y-ap≈ ]¶p-h-bv°emWv shdpsX AhImißƒ Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-t\°mƒ ]h¿-Ø-\-Øn\p≈ i‡-ambDtØ-P\w.

44. hnIk\Ønse AhImißfpw I¿Ø-hy-ß-fpw F∂ Bibw P\kwJymh¿≤\hnt\mSp_‘-s∏´ ]-iv\ßfpw IW°nseSpt°≠XmWv. CXv bYm¿-∞-hn -Ik\Øns‚ Gsdkp][m\amb Hcp hi-amWv. Im-cWw AXv PohnXØns‚bpw IpSpw-_Øn-s‚bpw A\ym[o\-s∏SpØm≥ km≤ya-√mØ aq-eyßtfmSv _‘s∏´-Xm-Wv. 110 Hcp kmºØnI-ho£-WØn¬t\m°nbm¬t]mepw hnI-k\-an√m-bvabpsS ]mYanI ImcWw P\-kwJym-h¿≤-\hm-sW∂pIcpXp∂Xv sX‰m-sW∂p ImWmw. Hcp hi-Øv, km-ºØnIambn ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn® cmP y-ß-

36


fn¬ ImW-s∏Sp∂ inipacW\nc-°nse KW-\obamb Ipdhpw icmicn Bbp¿-ssZ¿-LyØnseh¿≤\hpw, adphi-Øv, XßfpsS P\\-\nc-°n¬ Aº-cn∏n°p∂ Ipdhp tcJ-s∏-SpØp∂ kaqlß-fn¬ ImWmhp∂ ]Xn-k-‘nbpsS AS-bmfßfpw ]cn-KWn®m¬ aXn CXp a\- n-em-°m≥. DØc-hmZn-Ø]q¿-Æamb k¥m-t\m-ev]mZ\Øn\v A¿-l-amb i≤ hy‡-ambn \¬-tI≠-XmWv. CXn\v,a‰p-ImcyßfpsS Iq´Øn¬, ka-K-a\pjy-hnIk-\Øn-\p \¬Im\p≈ k¿§mflIkw`mh\bp≠v.X-s‚ ssewKnIXbpsS ]tbm-K-Øn¬ am\pjnI aq-ey-ßƒ-°v ]q¿Æamb BZchv \¬-Ip-hm≥a\pjy-s\, Ah-s‚ bYm¿∞-hnIk\-Øn¬ DXvI-WvT-bp≈ k` DZvt_m[n∏n°p∂p. ssewKn-I-Xsb tIhew kp-Jtam hn-t\mZtam Bbn Npcp°m≥ ]mSn√. D≠m-tb-°mhp∂ tcmKØn¬-\n-∂v,As√¶n¬ k¥mt\m-ev]mZ\-Øn-s‚ ""A]IS-km≤yX''bn¬\n∂v X-ev]c-I-£nIsf kwc-£n-°pIamXw e£yam°nbp≈ kmt¶-XnI t_m-[\ambn ssewKnI hnZym`ymksØ ]cnanX-s∏-SpØcpXv.CXn-eqsS ssewKnIXbpsS BgØnep≈ A¿∞-sØ ZcnZam°p-Ibpw Ah-K-Wn°pIbp-am-bncn°pwsNøp-I. hy‡nIƒ amXa√ kaqlhpw AwKoIcn-°pI-bpw DØchmZnØ-]q¿hw hn\n-tbm-Kn°p-Ibpw sN-tø≠ H∂m-WnXv. kp-J-Øns‚ Hcp DdhnSambn am-Xw ssewKn-IXsb Im-Wp-Ibpw A-Xp-t]mse-Xs∂ \n¿_‘nX P\\-\nb-¥W-Øn-s‚ X¥-ß-fn¬°qSn AXns\ IaoIcn°p-IbpwsN-øp∂Xv DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an-√m-bva-bmWv. Cu c≠p Imcyß-fn-epw ùXn-IhmZ]camb Bi-bßfpw\bßfpw ]-h¿-Ø\\nc-X-amIpIbpw hy‡nIƒ BXy¥n-I-ambn A-Ia-Øns‚ hnhn[ cq]ßƒ°vhnt[b-cm-IpIbpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\-bp≈ \bßƒ-s°Xnsc cm-jvS-Øn\pw AXns‚ \nb-¥W-\nba-ßƒ-°pw hncp≤-ambn, ssewKn-IXbpsS taJe-bn¬111 IpSpw-_Øn-s‚ ]m-YanIamb ÿm\w]Xn-tcm-[n°pIbpw Xß-fpsS DØc-hmZnØßƒ Gs‰-Sp°m≥ amXm-]nXm-°∑m¿ A\p-tbmPyambhn[w XbmdmsW∂v Dd-∏phcpØpI-bpw sNtø≠ Bh-iyap≠v.

PohnXtØmSv km∑m¿§nIambn DØchmZn-Ø-ap≈ Hcp Xpdhn kº∂amb Hcp kmaqlnI km-º-Øn-I tkm-X-kns\ ]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂p. P\-s∏cp-∏ap≈ cmjvS-ßƒ-°v ZmcnZyØn¬\n∂p Ic-I-b-dm≥ Ign™n´p≠v. Ah-bpsS P\kwJym_-ehpw P\-ßfpsS IgnhpIfpw sIm-≠m-WnXv. adp-h-i-Øv ap≥]v sFizcy]q¿Æambncp∂ cmPyßƒ Ct∏mƒ A\n-›n-XXzØns‚ Hcp L -ØneqsSIS-∂pt]mIp-Ibm-Wv. NneXv A[x-]X\-ØneqsS-bpw. AhbpsS P\\-\nc°p-Ifnse Ipd-hmWvIrXy-am-bn CXn-s‚ Imc-Ww. Gsd kºZ-vk-ar≤amb k-aql-ßƒ-°v CXv Hcp \n¿ÆmbI ]-iv\ambn-Øo¿-∂ncn-°p∂p. ""]p\x-ÿm]\-\nc∏v '' F∂p hnfn°-s∏-Sp∂-Xe-Øn¬\n∂v Nne-t∏mƒXmsgt∏mIp∂ coXnbn¬ P\-\\n-c-°n¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Ipdhv, kmaqlnIt£a kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn¬sR-cp-°w D≠m-°p∂p. AhbpsS sNe-hv h¿-≤n°p∂p. kºmZy-ßsfbpw X∑qew \n-t£-]-Øn\vBhiy-amb kmºØnI-tkmX p-Isf-bpw AXp Im¿∂pXn∂p∂p. tbmKyX t\Snb sXm-gnemfn-I-fp-sS e`yX Ipdbv°pIbpw XßfpsS B-hiy-ßƒ-°pth≠n cmjvSßƒ°v D]tbmKn-°m-hp∂""akvXn-jvIk©-b''-sØ Npcp°pIbpw sN-øp∂p. Iq-Sm-sX, sNdp-Xpw Nnet∏mƒ kq£vahpambIpSpw_ßƒ km-aqlnI-_‘ßƒ ZcnZam°pIbpw sFIy-Zm¿-Vy-Øns‚ ê]Z-amb cq]ßƒDd-∏m-°p∂Xn¬ ]cm-Pb-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp-I F∂ A]IS-km≤y-Xbn-eq-sS IS-∂pt]mIp∂p. mhn-sb-°p-dn®-p-≈ Aev]hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw km∑m¿-§nIamb Xf¿®bpsSbpw e£-W-ß-fmWv CuAh-ÿ-Iƒ. Aß-s\ hn-hm-l-Øns‚bpw IpSpw_-Øns‚bpw at\m-lmcnX-bpw hy-‡nbpsS G‰hpwAKm[-amb Bhiy-ßtfmSpw A-¥- n-t\m-Spw Cu ÿm]\ßƒ CWßp∂p-sh∂p-≈ hkvXp-XbpwhcpwXeapdIfpsS ap∂n¬ Hcn-°¬-IqSn Db¿-Øn-°mt´≠Xv kmaqlnIhpw kmº-Øn-Iw-t]mep-amb Hcp Bhiya-mbnØo¿-∂psIm-≠ncn-°p∂p. C-°mc-WØm¬, kaqlØns‚ ]mYanI k-Po-hLS-Iamb, 112 Hcp ]pcpj\pw Hcp kvXobpw XΩn-ep≈ hn-hmlØn¬ A[njvTnXamb,IpSpw_Øns‚ tI-µm- n-ap-Jy-Xbpw kaKXbpw t]m’mln∏n°p∂ \-b-ßƒ ]m-h¿ØnI-am°m\pwAXns‚ AXymhiy-ap≈ _‘p-Xz-]camb kz`m-hw BZcn®psIm≠v A-Xn-s‚ kmºØnIhpw [\-hn\ntbmK]chpamb B-hiyßfpsS DØchmZnØw Gs‰Sp°m\pw cmjvS-ßƒ hnfn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

45. hy‡nbpsS G‰hpw AKm[amb [m¿ΩnIm-hiyßƒ \ndth‰m\p≈ iaØn\v kmºØnIim-kvX-Øns‚ Xe-Ønepw kp][m\hpw ]tbm-P\-Ic-hpamb A\¥cêßƒ D≠v. icnbmbn]h¿-Øn°m≥ kºZv-hyhÿbv°v kZmNmcw thWw G-sX¶nepw kZm-Nmc-a√, P\tIµoIrXambkZm-Nm-cw. kºZvhyhÿ-bp-sSbpw [\]camb CS]m-SpI-fp-sSbpw _n-kn\- ns‚bpw temIØvkZmNmcsØ-°pdn®v \mw C∂p [mcmfw tIƒ-°p-∂p-≠v. _n-kn-\kv kZmNmcsØ°pdn®p≈ Kthj-W-tI-µßfpw N¿®mktΩf\ßfpw h¿≤n®p-hcp-∂p. kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ _nkn\ ns‚ DØchmZn-Ø-ßtfmSp _‘-s∏´ BibßfpsS \o°Øns‚ `mK-ambn, kZm-Nmc-kw_‘amb

P\XIfpsS hnIk\w AhImißfpw I¿Øhyßfpw ]cn-ÿnXn

37


km£ys∏SpØ¬ kº-Zmbw hnI-knX temIØn¬ DS\ofw hym]n-®phcnIbmWv. _m-¶pIƒ ""kZm-Nmc]camb'' A°u-≠p-Ifpw \n-t£-]-ß-fpw \n¿-t±in°p∂p. ]tXyI-ambn, sNdp-hm-bv]-IfneqsSbpwIqSp-X¬ s]mXphmbn, [\]camb sN-dnb CS]mSp-Ifn-eqsS-bpw ""kZm-Nmc-]camb kmº-Øn-ICS]mSpIƒ'' hnIkn®p-sIm-≠ncn°p∂p. Cu ]InbIƒ ]iwk\obhpw Gsd ]n¥p-W A¿-ln-°p∂hbpamWv. temIØnse hnI-k-\w Ipd-™ ta-JeIfnepw AhbpsS k¿§mflI- e-ßƒA\p- h-s∏Sp∂p≠v. F¶nepw ""kZmNmc-]camb'' F∂ hn-ti-jWw Zpcp]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØmhp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v, hnth-Nn®dn-bm\p≈ Zamb Hcp am\-ZWvUw hnIkn-∏n-s®-Sp°p-∂Xv Bimky-ambncn°pw.Cu hm°v s]m-Xphmb A¿∞-Øn¬ D]tbmKn-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ F-X-tbm A[nIw hymJym-\-ßƒ-°v, \oXn-°pw bYm¿-∞ a\pjy-t£a-Øn-\pw hncp-≤-amb Xocp-am\ßfpw sXcs™Sp∏pIfpw A-Xn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp∂ Ahÿ-hsc t]mepw, AXv CSw sIm-Sp°p∂p.

hm-kvXhØn¬ AXv Gsd Bibn°p∂Xv A-Xn¬ A¥¿- hn®ncn°p∂ kZmNmckºZmb-sØ-bmWv. Cu hnjbØn¬ k`bpsS kmaqlnI-]t_m-[\Øn\v F-SpØp]dbØ° Hcpkw`mh\ \¬-Im≥ Ignbpw. Imc-Ww, AXv ""ssZhØns‚ Omb-bn-ep≈'' (DXv]. 1:27) a\p-jy-s‚krjvSnbn¬ A[n-jvTnX-am-Wv. a\pjyhy‡n-bpsS AewL\obamb A¥ pw kzm`mhnI kZmNmc-\n-ba-ßfpw AXoµn-b-aqeyhpw DZn°p∂Xv Cu ASn-ÿm\X-ØzØn¬ \n∂mWv. Cu c≠p kvXw -ßfn¬-\n∂v _nkn-\kv kZmNmcw thdn´p \n¬-°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ khntij-kz`m-hw AXn\v\jvS-s∏-Sp∂ A]ISw A\nhm-cy-ambn D-≠mIpIbpw AXv NqjWØns‚ cq]ßƒ-°v Cc-bmbn-Øocp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. IqSpX¬ hy‡-ambn ]d-™m¬, A-hbpsS hn-Ieamb ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚hi-ßsf Xncp-ØpI F∂Xnt\°mƒ IqSp-Xem-bn \ne-hnep≈ kmº-Øn-Ihpw [\]chpamb k--ºZm-bßƒ-°v hnt[b-amIpI F∂ A]IS-km-[yX D≠mIp∂p. a‰p Imcyß-fpsS Iq´Øn¬,bYm¿-∞-Øn¬ A[m¿ΩnIamb ]≤Xn-Iƒ-°v [\klm-bw \¬Ip∂Xns\ \ymboIcn°m≥ A-Xns\ D]-tbmKn-°p∂p F∂ A]ISkm≤yXbp≠v. ""kZm-Nmc-]cw'' F∂v Hu]NmcnIambnhnfn®n´n√mØ DZya-ßƒ kZm-Nmc]ca√ F∂p kqNn∏n°p∂ hn[Øn¬ B-Z¿i-]camb A¥cßƒkrjvSn°m≥ Cu hm°v D]tbmKn-°cpXv. kºZvhyhÿbn¬ A-Y-hm [\-]camb temI-Øn¬""kZmNmc]camb'' taJ-eItfm hn`mKßtfm krjvSn-°m≥-th≠n am-Xa√, tIhew _mlyamb Hcpta¬hn -emkØns‚ ASn -ÿm-\Øn-e√msX AXns‚ kz`mhØn-\pXs∂ klPambBhiyßtfmSp≈ BZc-hp ImcWw kºZv hyhÿ apgph≥, [\]camb ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßfm-sI,kZm-Nmc-]camsW∂v Dd∏p hcp-Øm\p≈ ]cn-iaßƒ CXp ]dtb≠Xv k¿∆ ][m-\-amWv B-hiy-am-Wv. kºZvhyhÿ AXns‚ F√m im-JIfnepw am\p-jnI-]h¿Ø\Øns‚ Hcp taJe-bv°v cq]w sIm-Sp°p∂p F∂v A\pkvacn-®p-sIm-≠p≈, Cu hn-j-bØn-se k -bpsS kmaqlnI-]-t_m[\w XnI-®pw hy‡-amWv.113

46. _nkn-\ pw kZm-Nm-chpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn¬ A¥¿ -hn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]iv\-ßfpw AXp-t]m-seXs∂ Dev]m-Z-\co-Xn-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ kw -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]cn-Wm-ahpw \mw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ em`m-[n-jvTnX Iº-\n-Ifpw em`w e£y-am-°mØ kw-L-S-\-I-fpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambnkm[p-hmb A¥cw bmYm¿∞y-tØmSv ]q¿-Æambn \oXn ]pe¿-Øp-Itbm `m-hn-bn-te°v ]mtbm-Kn-I -am¿§-\n¿-t±iw \¬Ip-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√ F∂p ImWmw. C°-gn™ Zi-I-ß-fn¬ kwcw- -Øns‚Cu c≠p- am-Xr-I-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ hnim-e-amb Hcp a≤y-ta-Je Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂n- p-≠v. Ahn-I-kn-X-cm-P yßsf ]n¥p-W-bv°p∂ kmaq-lnI k-lmb Icmdp-Iƒ°v kw`m-h\ sNøp∂ ]c-º-cm-KXIº-\n-Iƒ, hy‡n-KX Iº-\n-I-tfmSp _‘-s∏´ ]c-kvt\l ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ ÿm]-\-ßƒ,kmaq-ln-I-t£aw e£y-am-°p∂ Iº-\n-I-fpsS Iq´m-bva-Iƒ, ""]uc-k-ºZv hyhÿ''-sb∂pw ""Iq- m-bva-bpsS kºZvhyhÿ'' sb∂pw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ sshhn-[y-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏´ temIw F∂n-h-sb-√mw IqSn-t®¿∂-Xm-WnXv. -CXp tIhew Hcp ""aq∂mw taJ-e''-bpsS Imcy-a√. em`w Hgn-hm-°m-Ø-Xpw, em- sØ am\p-jn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb e£y-ßƒ t\-Sm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§-ambn Icp-Xp-IbpwsNøp-∂, kzImcy s]mXp-cw-K-ßsf kam-t«-jn-°p∂, hnim-e-amb Hcp ]pXnb kwtbm-PnXbmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ Imcy-am-WnXv. AØcw Iº-\n-Iƒ em -hnlnXw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂pt≠m C√-tbm, Ah-bpsS ss\bm-an-I-L-S\ hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb GsX-¶nepw cq]-Øn-\p -k-Zr-iy-amtWm F∂n-h-bv°v, IqSp-X¬ a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb Hcp hn]-Wnbpw kaq-lhpw F∂ e£yw t\Sm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§-ambn em`sØ ho£n-°m-\p≈ Ah-bpsS k∂-≤-X-tbmSp Xpe\w sNøp-tºmƒ c≠mw ÿm\-ta-bp-≈q. Cu ]pXnb coXn-bn-ep≈ kwcw- -ßƒ F√m cmP y-ß-fnepw \nb-a-]-chpw [\-hn-\n-tbm-K-]-c-hp-ambn A\p-tbm-P y-amb Hcp LS\ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ hnP-bn°pw F∂p ]Xo-£n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ ]c-º-cm-KXcq]-ß-fn-ep≈ _nkn-\- n-s‚ ]m[m-\y-sØ-bpw kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI


38


]tbm-P-\-ß-tfbpw _m-[n-°msXXs∂, kmº-ØnI ÿm]-\-ßƒ Ah-bpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-te°v hyh-ÿn-Xnsb \bn-°p-∂p. AXp-am-X-a-√._nkn-\-kns‚ ÿm]-\-]-c-amb cq]-ß-fpsS sshhn[yw Xs∂ IqSp-X¬ ]cn-jvIr-X-sa∂p amX-a√IqSp-X¬ a’-cm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcp hn]Wn kwPm-X-am-°p-∂p.

47. hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ _nkn-\- p-I-sf, ]tXy-In®v em`sØ IqSp-X¬ a\p-jy-Xz-]c-amb Hcphn]-Wnbpw kaq-lhpw F∂ e£yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ am¿§-ambn ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-sb, i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ iaw; B-tKmf kºZvhyh-ÿ-bpsS kzm[o-\-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm]m¿iz-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp∂ cmPy-ßfnepw D≠mtI-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu cmPy-ß-fn¬, hntI-µo-I-c-W-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb, A\p-tbm-P y-ambhn[-Øn¬ Bkq-Xn-Xhpw \nb-¥n-X-hp-amb, Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-Ibpw F∂m¬ _‘-s∏´ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øßƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v hyhÿsNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fp-ambn apt∂-td-≠Xv Gsd kp]-[m-\-amWv. hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬, hnI-k-\-Øn\v ]mY-an-I-ambn DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap≈ hy‡n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬, a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsStIµ-ÿm\w F∂ XØzw \ne-\n¿-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp \n-›n-X-ÿ-esØ Bfp-I-fpsS Po-hn-X-km-l-N-cy-ßƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Zcn-Zm-h-ÿ-aqew Ah¿°p ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Npa-X-e-Iƒ\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v Ahsc ]m]vX-cm-°p-Ibpw sN-øpI F∂-XmWv ][m-\-Im-cyw. kmaq-lnI-Xm-ev]cyw Hcn-°epw Aaq¿-Ø-amb Hcp at\m- m-h-am-bn-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, ]tXy-I-ÿn-XnKXn-I-fp-ambn CW-ßn-t∏m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah Ab-hp-≈-h-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ah-bn¬\n∂v ]tbm-P\w e`n-°p-∂-h¿°v Ah-bpsS Bkq-X-W-Ønepw ]¶p-≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

km¿∆-Xn-I-ambn km[p-X-bp≈ ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ C√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v, ]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-tS≠ am\-ZWvUwsF-Iy-Zm¿Vy-Øns‚ Hcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, ê-ßƒ i≤m-]q¿∆w \nco-£n-®p-sIm-≠v, h¿≤n-XambhnI-k\w e£y-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. A[n-Ihpw Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p∂ coXnsbbm-Wv. ""P\ß-fpsS kz¥w hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ apJy DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Ah¿°p Xs∂-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. ]t£, Ah¿ CXv sNøpI H‰-∏´ Ah-ÿ-bne√.''114 \ΩpsStemIw Iam-\p-K-X-ambn IqSp-X¬ ka-K-am-bn-Øo-cp∂XpsIm≠v, C°m-eØv t]mƒ Bdm-as‚ Cuhm°p-Iƒ ap≥s]-∂-tØ-bpwImƒ Imtem-Nn-X-am-Wv. Cß-s\-bp≈ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ I¿Ω-\n-c-X-amb Ahÿ kzbta kw -hn-°p∂ H∂√. Hmtcm Ah-ÿ-bp-sSbpw hnth-I-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n P\-ß-fpsS kaq¿ØPohn-X-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏´v ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ i≤m-]q¿∆w cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bh-iy-ap≠v. h≥InS ]≤-Xn-I-tfm-sSm∏w sNdp ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°pw Hcp CS-ap-≠v. F√m-‰n-ep-ap]cn ss\bm-anI hy‡n-Xzhpw imco-cnI hy‡n-Xzhpw D≈-h¿ Dƒ-s∏sS ]uc-k-aq-l-Ønse apgp-h≥ AwK-ß-tfbpw k-Po-h-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bh-iy-ap-≠v.

A¥m-cmjvS kl-I-c-W-Øn\v, Xß-fpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn-s‚bpw ta¬t\m- -Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-s‚bpw BZ-c-hn-s‚bpw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn-eqsS kmº-Øn-Ihpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb ]In-b-bpsS`mK-am-Im≥ Ign-bp∂ Bfp-Isf Bh-iy-ap-≠v. ]e-t∏mgpw Aan-X-amb sNe-hp≈ Ah-cpsS DtZym-Kÿta[m-hn-Xz-]-chpw c-W-]-c-hp-amb ]h¿-Ø\kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ e-]m-]vXnsb Cu\ne-]m-Sn¬\n∂v A-¥m-cmjvS kwL-S-\-Iƒ tNmZyw sNbvtX-°mw. k-lm-bw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿klmbw \¬Ip-∂-h¿°v hn-t[-b-cm-bn-Øo-cp-I, hnI-k\w Dt±-in-®p≈ ]W-Øn-s‚ hfsc henbHcp iX-am\w Xń-sb-Sp-°p∂ sNe-th-dnb DtZym-K-ÿm-[n-]Xyw imiz-X-am-°m≥ Zcn-Z¿ klm-bn-°pI F∂nh Nne-t∏mƒ kw -hn-°m-dp-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v \o-°n-h-®n-´p≈ Ah-cpsS hcp-am-\-Øns‚ iX-am-\w, B ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS bYm¿∞ D≈-S°w, Ah-km-\-ambnAXp \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xns‚ Xs∂ hni-Z-amb sNehv F∂nh Zm-Xm-°-tfbpw s]mXp-P-\-ß-tfbpw Adn-bn-®p-sIm≠v F-√m A¥¿t±-iob GP≥kn-Ifpw k¿-°m-tc-X-c-kw-L-S-\-Ifpw ]cn-]q¿Æ- kp-Xm-cy-X-tbmSv kzbw ]Xn-_-≤X ]pe¿Øp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

48. C∂v hnI-k\w F∂ hnjbw ]Ir-Xn-bnse ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbmSv \ap-°p≈ _‘-Øn¬\n∂v D¤-hn-°p∂ I¿Ø-hy-ß-tfmSv KmV-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. ]cn-ÿnXn F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚Zm\-am-Wv. \mw AXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ, \ap°v Zcn-Z-tcmSpw hcpw-X-e-ap-d-I-tfmSpw a\p-jy-h¿§wapgp-h-t\mSp Xs∂bpw Hcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≠v. a\p-jy-cpƒ-s∏-sS-bp≈ ]Ir-Xnsb shdpw bmZr-—n-I-X-bp-sStbm ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb \n¿Æ-b-hm-Z-Øn-s‚tbm -ew F∂ \ne-bn¬ ImWp-tºmƒ, \ΩpsSDØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m[w £bn-°p-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ssZh-Øn-s‚ kr-jvSn-]-c-amb ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚hnkva-b-I-c-amb êw Hcp hnizmkn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. krjvSn-bn¬ A¥¿eo-\-amb k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿsb am\n-®p-sIm≠v ùXn-I-tam A√m-ØtXm Bb \ΩpsS \ymb-amb Bh-iy-ßsf Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥th≠n CXv \ap°v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Z¿i\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂]£w \mw ]Ir-


39


Xnsb Hcp Akv]r-iy-h-kvXp-hmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xntem AX-s√-¶n¬ AXns\ Zpcp]-tbm-Kn°p∂-Xntem FØn-t®cpw. Cu c≠p at\m- m-hhpw ]Ir-Xnsb ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bpsS ê-ambn IW-°m-°p∂ ssIkvX-h-Z¿i-\-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

]IrXn kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw kXy-Øns‚bpw Hcp cq]tcJ ]I-S-am-°p-∂p. AXv \ap°v ap≥t]-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-ambn AXp \ap°v ssZhw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kjvSm-hn-s\bpw (cf. tdma.1:20) a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-tØbpw Ipdn®v ]IrXn \tΩmSpkwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Ime-Øns‚ A¥y-Øn¬, InkvXp-hn¬ ""H∂n-∏n-°m≥'' (cf. F-t^. 1:9˛10; sImtfm.1:19- 20) th≠n hn[n-°-s∏- -Xm-WXv. Aß-s\ AXpw Hcp ""ssZh-hnfn''-bmIp-∂p.115 ]IrXn \ΩpsSD]-tbm-K-Øn-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. ""NnX-dnb D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amb hkvXp-°-fp-sS Hcp Iqºmcw''116 Bbn- √,""Irjn sNøm\pw kw-c-£n-°m\pw'' (D-Xv]. 2:15) Bh-iy-amb XØz-ßƒ AXn¬\n∂v Dƒs°m-≈m≥a\p-jys\ ]m]vX-\m-°n-s°m≠v AXn\v A¥¿eo\-amb Hcp Iaw \¬In-bn- p≈ kjvSm-hns‚Hcp Zm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬. F-∂m¬ ]Ir-Xnsb a\p-jy-hy-‡n-sb-°mƒ ]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xmbn ImWp-∂Xpw bYm¿∞- hnI-k-\-Øn\v hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂p≈Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Ahÿ\h ]mIr-X-a-X-Øn-s‚tbm ]pXnb hn-iz-tZ-hXmhmZ-Øn-s‚tbm \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p.tIhew ]IrXnamlm-fly-hm-Z-]-c-amb Hcp A¿∞-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sptºmƒ, ]Ir-Xn-bn¬-\n∂pamXw a\p-jy-c£ ssIhcn°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. CXbpw ]d-™-Xn-\p-ti-jw, CXn\p hncp≤-amb\ne-]mSv X≈n-°-f-tb≠Xpw B-h-iy-am-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Cu \ne-]mSv ]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta-ep-≈ ]cn-]q¿Æ kmt¶-XnI B[n-]Xyw e£y-an-Sp-∂p. kzm`m-hnI ]cn-ÿnXn \ΩpsS CjvSm-\p-k-cWw ssIImcyw sNtø≠ tIh-e-amb Hcp Akw-kvIrX ]Zm¿∞-a√. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS ho≠p-hn-Nm-c-an-√mØ Nqj-W-Øn-\-√, AXns‚ hnth-I-]q¿Æ-amb D]-tbm-K-Øn-\p≈ e£y-ßfpw am\-Z-WvU-ßfpw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ Hcp ""hymI-cWw'' AS-ßnb kjvSm-hns‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp cN-\-bm-W-Xv. hf-s®m-Sn-°-s∏´ Cu [mc-W-I-fpsS ê-ambn C°m-eØv hnI-k-\-Øn\v Gsd D]-Zhw D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. A\n-›n-X-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS Hcp tiJ-c-ambn amXw ]Ir-Xnsb Npcp-°p∂ ]£w; AXv]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsStaep≈ _e-]-tbm-K-Øn-tem a\p-jy-]Ir-Xn-sbØs∂ am\n-°p-∂Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏Sp∂ ]h¿Ø-\ßsf t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ t]meptam FØn-t®-cpw. ]Zm¿-∞w sIm≠pamX-a√ BflobssNX-\yw -sIm-≠p-IqSn-bmWv \ΩpsS ]Ir-Xn Dcp-hm-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXnùXnI-amb A¿∞-hpw A`n-em-j-ß-fpw-sIm≠v AXp kº-∂-am-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. kwkvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ \n¿-Æ-bn-°p-∂Xpw AXm-Wv. kw-kvIm-c-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv a\p-jy-¿ kzm`m-hnI -]-cn-ÿn-Xnsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw hym-Jym-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. km-∑m¿§n-I-\n-b-a-Øns‚ imk-\-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-am-bp≈ kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØ]q¿Æamb D]-tbm-Kw CXn\v am¿§-\n¿t±iw \¬Ip-∂p. XXv -e-ambn, kaK a\p-jy-hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v `mhn Xe-ap-d-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°m≥Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ]cn-ÿnXn hn⁄m-\obw, ss\bm-an-Iw, kmº-Øn-Iw, cmjvSo-bw, kmw-kvIm-cnIwF∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnhn[ ]›m-Ø-e-ßƒ IW-°n-se-SpØpsIm≠v Cu ]≤-Xn-Iƒ sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Ømepw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ \oXn-bmepw apZn-X-am-°-s∏-tS≠Xp-≠v.117

49. C∂v ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS ]cn-N-c-W-tØmSpw kwc-£-W-tØmSpw _‘-s∏´ tNmZy-ßƒ Du¿÷-]-iv\-Øn\v A¿l-amb ]cn-KW \¬tI≠Xp-≠v. Nne cmjvS-ßfpw i‡n-tI-µ-ßfpw Iº-\n-Ifpw ]p\-cp-ev]m-Z-\-£-a-a-√mØ Du¿÷-tkm-X-kp-Iƒ ssIb-S°n-h-bv°p∂p F∂Xv Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ß-fnse hnI-k-\-Øn-\v Kpcp-X-c-amb hnLmXw kr-„n-°p-∂p. Cu cmP y-ßƒ°v \ne-hn-ep≈ ]p\-cp-ev]m-Z-\-£-a-a√mØ Du¿÷w e`y-am-°mt\m CXc am¿§-ßƒ-°p≈ Kth-j-W-Øn-\p-th≠n ]WwapS-°m-t\m D≈ kmº-ØnIam¿§-ßƒ C√. ]IrXn hn -h-ß-fpsS Icp-X¬-ti-Jcw Nqj-W-Øn\pwcmjvS-ßƒ XΩnepw cmjvS-ßƒ°n-S-bnepw IqsS-°q-sS-bp≈ kwL- -\-ßƒ°pw CS-bm-°p-∂p. CØcwIcp-X¬tiJcw ]e-t∏mgpw Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ß-fn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv ImW-s∏-Sp-I. CtX cmPy-ß-fpsS aÆn¬Xs∂-bmWv òa-amb ac-Whpw \mihpw IqSp-X¬ Po¿Æ-Xbpw Df-hm-°n-s°m≠v Cu kwL- -\-ßƒ ]e-t∏m-gpw \S-°p-∂-Xv. `mhn-°p-th≠n H∂n®v Bkq-XWw sN-øm≥, ]p\-cp-ev]m-Z-\-£-a-a-√mØ hn -h-ß-fpsS NqjWw Iao-I-cn-°m-\p≈ ÿm-]-\-]-c-amb am¿§-ßƒ Is≠-tØ-≠Xv A¥¿-t±-iob kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-b-¥-c-amb Hcp I¿Ø-hy-am-Wv. Cu ]In-b-bn¬ Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ßsf ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°-Ww.

Cu cw-KØpw ]pXnb sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn-\p≈ A-Sn-b-¥-c-amb Hcp [m¿ΩnIX Bh-iy-ap-≠v, ]tXy-In®v hnI-kz-c-cm-P y-ßfpw Db¿∂tXmXn¬ hyh-kmbh-XvI-cn-°s∏´ cmP y-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ß-fn¬.118 kmt¶-XnIambn ]ptcm-K-an® kaq-l-ßƒ°v Dev]m-Z-\-co-Xn-I-fnse Hcp hn-πh-Øn-eq-sStbmAh-bpsS ]u-c-∑m-cpsS CS-bnse ]cn-ÿnXn kw_-‘-amb Db¿∂ kwth-Z-\-£-a-X-bn-eq-sStbm


40


AXXp cmP y-ß-fnse Du¿-÷ D]-t`mKw Ipd-bv°m≥ Ign-bpw. Ah A-ß-s\ sN-øp-Ibpw thWw.sa®-s∏´ Du¿÷-£-aX ssI-h-cp-Øm\pw AtX-k-abw Du¿÷-Øns‚ _Z¬ cq]-ßƒ°p≈ Kth-jWw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw C-t∏mƒ km≤y-am-sW∂v Iq´n-t®¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Du¿÷-tkm-X- p-Iƒ C√mØ cmPy-ßƒ-°v Ah e`n-°-Ø-°-hÆw ]kvXpX tkm-X- p-I-fpsS temI-hym-]-I-amb ]p\¿hn-X-c-W-hpw B-h-iy-am-Wv. sIm≈ apX¬ BZyw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Bcm-bmepwAYhm tijn-°p-∂Xv Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂Xv B-cm-bmepw Ah-cpsS ssII-fn¬ ta¬∏-d™ cmPy-ß-fpsS `mK-t[bw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. kp-]-[m\ ]-iv\-ß-fmWv \mw ChnsS ssI-ImcywsNøp-∂-Xv. Ah-sb aXn-bmb hn[-Øn¬ t\cn-S-W-sa-¶n¬, `mhn-X-e-ap-d-I-fn¬ Ah Df-hm-°p∂BLm-Xw F√m-hcpw D-Ø-c-hm-ZnØ]q¿hw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww, ]tXy-In-®v, ""sa®-s∏´ Hcp temI-Øns‚\n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS k-Poh ]¶m-fnØw D≠m-I-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂''119 IqSp-X¬ Zcn-Z-amb cmP y-ß-fnse At\Iw bph-P-\-ß-fn¬.

50. Cu DØ-c-hm-ZnØw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ H∂m-Wv. tIhew Du¿÷tØmSp amXw _-‘-s∏´ H∂-√, apgp-h≥ krjvS-tem-I-tØmSpw AXv _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.- kr-jvS-tem-IsØ, AXns‚hn -h-ßƒ timjn® coXn-bn¬ hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°v ssI-am-dm≥ ]mSn-√. ]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n-°m\pwAXns‚ -e-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°m\pw temI-Ønse P\-ßsf A-¥- mbn A[nh-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Xo‰n-t∏m-‰p-Ibpw sN-ø-Ø-°-hÆw D∂X kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]pXnbcoXn-bn¬Irjn sN-øm\pw-th-≠n a\p-jy¿ ]Ir-Xn-bp-sS-ta¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-]q¿-Æ-amb ta¬t\m´w \ymb-ambn\n¿h-ln-°p-∂p. Cu `qan-bn¬ F√m-h¿°pw CS-ap-≠v. Ahn-SpsØ k-¥m-\-ßƒ-°p≈ ssZh-Øn‚Zm\-am-b ]Ir-Xnbn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ ITn-\m-≤zm-\-ØneqsSbpw k¿§m-fl-I-X-bn-eqsSbpw, A¥- mbnPohn-°m-\p≈ hn`-h-ßƒ a\p-jy-Ip-Spw_w apgp-h\pw ChnsS Is≠-Øm\mI-Ww. AtX-k-abw`mhnXe-ap-d-Ifpw qan-bn¬ A¥- mbn Pohn-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂p Irjn sNøp-Ibpw sNø-Ø-°- Ah-ÿ-bn¬ `qansb Ah¿-°v ssIam-dm-\p≈ \ΩpsS Kuc-hm-h-l-amb Npa-Xe \mw AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww.""kzo-I-cn-t°≠ am¿§-sØ-°p-dn®v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-]q¿∆w Nn¥n-®-ti-jw, \mw Bcn¬\n∂p-Zv`hn-°p-Ibpw Bcn-te°p aS-ßn-t∏mIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂pthm B ssZh-Øns‚ k¿§m-flI-kvt\lw ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw a\p-jy-cpw XΩn-ep≈ B DS-º-Sn i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI, F∂ e£y-tØmsS,''120

kw-bp-‡-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSv ]Xn-_-≤X D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv CX¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv.]cn-ÿnXn ssI-Imcyw sNøp-∂-Xnse hn\m-i-I-c-amb am¿-§-ßƒ t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ A¥m-cmjvS kaq-lhpw ]tXyI `c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw hnP-bn°p-sa∂v \ap-°v ]Xo-£n-°mw. A-Xp-t]mseXs∂ ]¶p-h-bvt°-≠ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI-hn -h-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®pXo¿°p-∂-Xns‚ km-º-Øn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb_m[yX-Iƒ kpXm-cy-ambn Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw a‰p P\-X-Itfm `mhn-X-e-ap-d-Itfm A√ Ah hcp-Øn-h-®-h¿ Xs∂ AXn\p ]cn-lmcw sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p≈ F√m ]cn-i-a-ßfpw \S-Øm≥ _‘-s∏´ A[n-Im-cnIƒ°v IS-a-bp-≠v. kwbp-‡-ambn ]h¿Øn-°m\pw \nb-asØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw Cu qan-bnse G‰hpw Zp¿_-e-amb taJ-e-ItfmSp≈ sFIy-Zm¿Vyw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°pIbpw sN-bvXp-sIm≠v DØa-hnizm-ktØmSpIqSn ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤X ImWn-°m\pw, F√m A¥m-cm-jvS t\Xm-°∑m-tcbpw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-sSbpw hn -h-ß-fp-sSbpw Imem-h-ÿ-bp-sS-bpw kwc-£Ww IS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.121 kºZvhy-h-ÿ t\cn-Sp∂ G‰-hpw henb sh√p-hn-fn-I-fn¬H∂v ""Im-cy-£-aX'' F∂ k-¶ev]w aq-ey-c-ln-X-a√ F∂ A\p -h-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-ambn, ]IrXnhn -h-ß-fpsS G‰-hpw Imcy-£-a-amb D]-tbmKw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-a√ ssIh-cp-ØpI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

51. a\p-jy-h¿§w ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbmSp ]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ coXn AXn-t\m-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-sØ-bpw, Xncn®pw kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p. C°mcyw, ka-Im-enIkaq-lsØ AXn-s‚ Pohn-X-ssi-en-sb-∏‰n Kuc-hm-h-l-amb ]p\-c-h-tem-I\w \S-Øm≥ £Wn-°p-∂p. temI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw PohnXe£ywBkzm-Z-\-am-sW∂ hmZ-Øn-s‚bpw D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ CjvS-amWv ]c-a-]-[m\w F∂ hmZ-Øn-s‚bpw]h-WX- \ne-\n¬-°p-∂p. Ah-bpsS lm\n-I-c-amb ]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂pan√.122 at\m-`m-h-Ønse ^e-]-Z-amb Hcp am‰-am-Wm-h-iyw. ""kXyw, kuµcyw, \∑, s]mXp-hmb hf¿®-bv°p-th≠n A\y-cp-am-bp≈ Iq´m-bva F∂o LS-I-ßƒ, D]-t`m-K-kw-_-‘-amb sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-sfbpwkºm-Zy-ß-sfbpw \nt£-]-ß-sfbpw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂''123 ]pXnb Pohn-X-ssien Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xn-te°v Cu am‰w hgn-sX-fn-°p-∂p. sF-Iy-Zm¿-VyØn-s‚bpw kmaq-lnI kulm¿±-Øn-s‚-bpw Hm-tcm ewL-\hpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°v lm\n D≠m-°p-Ibpw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-£bw kaq-l-Ønse _-‘-ßsfXI-cm-dn-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]-IrXn, ]tXy-In®v \ΩpsS ImesØ ]-Ir-Xn, AXv C-t∏mƒ Hcpkz-X-¥-L-SIw A√m-ØXp-t]mse, kaq-l-Øns‚-bpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚-bpw Ne-\-hpambn ka-\z-


41


bn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Nne Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cpsSbnS-bnse Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚bpw Ahn-I-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw êw sIm≠p IqSn-bmWv AhnsS \ne-ßƒ Xcn-im-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Dev]m-Z\w Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb hnI-k-\-Øn\v DtØ-P-\w\¬Ip-tºmƒ, ]-IrXn Xs∂-bmWv kwc-£n-°-s∏-SpI. Iq-SmsX, bp-≤-ßƒ ImcWw F-¥pamXw]IrXnhn -h-ßfm-Wv ]m-gm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂Xv! P\-ßfpsS D≈nepw P\-X-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-ep-ap≈ kam-[m\w]Ir-Xn°v IqSp-X¬ kwc-£Ww ]Zm\w sNøpw. hn -h-ß-fp-sS, ]tXy-In®v Pe-Øns‚, \nKq-V-amb tiJ-cWw _‘-s∏´ P\-X-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ Kpcp-X-c-amb kwL- -\-ßƒ Df-hm-°pw. hn -h-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw kw_-‘n® kam-[m-\-]-c-amb ]c-kv]-c-[m-cW ]Ir-Xn-tb-bpw AtX-k-a-bw _‘-s∏´ kaq-l-ß-fpsS t£a-hpw kwc-£n-°pw.

k`bv°v krjvSn-I-tfmSv Hcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≠v. Ahƒ s]mXp-cw-KØv AXpd-∏n®p ]dbpIbpwth-Ww. Aßs\ sNøp-tºmƒ, Ahƒ F√m-h¿°pw A-h-Im-i-s∏´ kr-jvSn-bpsS Zm\-ßƒ F∂\ne-bn¬ `qan-tbbpw P-e-tØbpw hmbp-hn-t\bpw amX-a√ ]Xn-tcm-[n-t°-≠-Xv. F√m-‰nepap]cnAhƒ a\p-jy-h-¿-§sØ kz-bw \mi-Øn-¬\n∂v kwc£n-°-Ww. icn-bmbn a\- nem°-s∏-Sp-∂]£w,Hcp a\p-jy- ]-cn-ÿnXnhn⁄m\w cq]-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-bnse £bw am\p-jnI kl-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn\v cq]w sImSp-°p∂ kwkvIm-c-tØmSv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ KmV-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. ""a\pjy ]cn-ÿn-Xn-hn-⁄m\w''124 kaq-l-Øn¬ am\n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ]-Ir-Xnkw_-‘-amb ]cn-ÿnXn hn⁄m-\-Øn\pw ]-tbm-P-\-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. a\p-jys‚ kpIr-X-ßƒ A-t\ym\yw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. H∂p Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-tºmƒ AXv a‰p-≈-hsb A]-I-S-Øn-em-°p-∂Xp-t]m-se ]mcn-ÿn-XnIhyhÿ kaq-l-Øns‚ Btcm-Ky-tØbpw ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ AXn-s‚ \√ _‘-tØ-bpw _m[n-°p-∂ Hcp ]≤-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ BZ-c-hn¬ A-[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv.

]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n-°m≥ DtØ-P-\-ßtfm XS -s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Itfm hgn-bp≈ CS-s]S¬ t]mcm.kap-Nn-X-amb hnZym- ymkwt]mepw ]cym-]vX-a-√. Ch kp]-[m\ Nph-Sp-Iƒ Xs∂. F∂m¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ sam-Ø-Øn-ep≈ km∑m¿-§n-I-K-Xn-bmWv \n¿Æm-bI ]-iv\w. Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-tØmSpwkzm`m-hnI ac-W-tØm-Sp-ap≈ BZ-chv C√m-sX-bm-Ip-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, a\p-jy-cpsS K¿ -[m-c-Ww, K¿`m-h-ÿ, P\\w F∂nh IrXn-aam-°p-I-bm-sW¶n¬, a\p-jy-`q-W-ßƒ Kth-j-W-Øn-\p-th≠n _en-I-gn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, kaqla\x-km£n a\p-jy-]-cn-ÿnXn hn-⁄m-\-tØbpw AtXm-sSm∏w ]Ir-Xn-kw-_-‘-amb ]cn-ÿnXn hn⁄m-\-tØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ k¶ev]w \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬FØn-t®-cpw. kzbw BZ-cn-°m≥ hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Isf \ΩpsS hnZym- ym-k-k-º-Zm-b-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpwklm-bn-°m-ØnS-tØm-fw, ]-Ir-Xn-bnse ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb Ah¿ BZ-cn-°-W-sa∂p \n¿-_-‘n-°p-∂Xvsshcp-≤y-am-bncn-°pw. ]Ir-Xn-bp-sS KŸw GIhpw Ahn- m-P y-hp-am-Wv. ]cn-ÿnXn am-X-a√, Poh≥,ssewKn-I-X, hnhm-lw, kmaq-lnI _‘-ßƒ F∂n-hbpw H‰-hm-°n¬ ]d-™m¬ ka-K-a-\p-jy-hn-I-k-\hpw AXv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ a\p-jy-hy-‡n-tbm-Sp≈\ΩpsS I¿Ø-hy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-hy-‡nsb Ah-\n¬Ø-s∂bpw A\y-tcm-Spap≈ _-‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw ]cn-K-Wn-°ptºmƒ, Hcp Iq´w I¿Ø-hy-ßsf Nhnń-sa-Xn-®psIm≠v as‰mcp-Iq- sØ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv sX-‰m-bn-cn-°pw. C-∂v \ΩpsS at\m- m-h-Ønepw]-h¿Ø-\-Ønepap≈ Kpcp-X-c-amb Hcp sshcp≤yw Chn-sS-bmWv: hy-‡n-bpsS A¥ p sISp-Øp-∂ Imcyw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-sb XI¿°p-Ibpw kaq-lsØ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p.

52. kXyhpw AXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kvt\l-hpw DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Hcp Zm\-ambnAhsb kzoI-cn-°m≥ amXta km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. A-h-bpsS BXy-¥n-I-amb Dd-hnSw a\p-jy-\√.A-ß-s\-bm-Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-an-√. AXv k-Xyhpw kvt\lhpw Xs∂-bmb ssZhw amX-am-Ip∂p.Cu XØzw kaq-l-Øn-\pw hnI-k-\-Øn\pw AXy-¥w kp]-[m-\-amWv. Imc-Ww, taev]-d-™-hbv°vshdpw am\p-jnI Dev]-∂-am-Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw `mK-Øp-\n∂vhnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ hnfn tI-hew am\p-jn-I-amb sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ A[n-jvTn-X-a-√. F∂m¬ AXv\ap°v ap≥t]-bp-≈Xpw kzX-¥-ambn kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ \ap-°p-th≠n cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp]≤-Xn-bpsS kl-P-amb `mK-am-Ip-∂p. \ap°p ap≥t]-bp-ffXpw \ap°p cq]w \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb\ne-\n¬°p-∂- kXyhpw kvt\-l-hpw, \∑ F-¥m-sW∂pw bYm¿-∞ kt¥mjw F¥n-emWv AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw \ap°p ImWn®p Xcp-∂p. bYm¿∞- hn-I-k-\-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn AXp \ap°vImń-Ø-cp-∂p.


42


A≤ymbw A©v

am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚kl-IcWw

53. Hcp a\p-jy\v A\p- -hn-°m-hp∂ G‰w Xoh-amb Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚ Hcp cq]-amWv H‰-s∏-S¬. Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚ `u-XnIcq]-ß-fpƒs∏-sS a‰p cq]-ßfnte°v Hcp kq£va\nco-£Ww \S-Øn-bm¬ Ch-sb-√mw, H‰-s∏-S-en¬\n∂p≠m-b-Xmbn ImWmw; kvt\ln-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I, kvt\ln-°p∂-Xn¬ hnj-a-ßƒ A\p- -h-s∏-SpI CXm-Wt√m H‰-s∏-S¬. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw \nc-kn-°p-∂-XmWv ]e-t∏mgpwZmcn-Zy-Øn\p ImcW-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv. a\p-jy-\n¬ ImWp∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Hcp ]h-W-X-bmWvX∂n-te-°p-Xs∂ Npcp-ßp-I F∂p-≈Xv. X\n°p kzbw ]cym-]vX-X-bp≠v F∂v Ah≥ Icp-Xp∂p;As√-¶n¬ Xm≥ Xo¿Øpw \n m-c-\m-Wv, ss\-an-jn-I-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bmWv F∂p Icp-XpI;Hcp hyh-ÿn-Xn-bp-an-√mØ ]]-©-Øn¬ Xm≥ "Hc-\y-\mWv' F∂ hnNm-cw. X\n-®m-Ip-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂p H‰-s∏-Sp-∂p.125 bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬-\n∂p thdn- p-\n-ev°p-tºmƒ, Hcp ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°pIbpw sNøp-tºmƒ, AbmƒH‰-s∏-Sp-∂p. am\p-jnIw amX-amb ]≤-Xn-I-fnepw kn≤m-¥-ß-fnepw bmYm¿-∞y-t_m-[-an-√mØ "`mkp-c- m-hn-bnepw' (utopias) AXn-cp-I-hn™ hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-k-aqlw H∂msI H‰-s∏-Sp-∂p.126 C∂p a\p-jy-h¿§w ]≠-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ]c-kv]cw CS-s]-Sp-∂p-≠v. ]c-kv]cw ASpØp_‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p F∂ tXm∂¬ bYm¿∞ Iq´m-bva-bm-bn amd-Ww; cq]m-¥-c-s∏-S-Ww. a\p-jy-h¿§w Hcp IpSpw-_-am-Wv, bYm¿∞ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp IpSpw_w; ASp-Ø-SpØpXma-kn-°p∂ hy‡n-I-fpsS kwL-ßƒ A√ Cu hkvXpX Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bm-Wv F√m-‰n\pw D]cnP\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\p th≠-Xv.127

""temIw A]-I-S-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Nn¥-bpsS A`mhw-sIm-≠mWv''128 F∂v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿-]m∏ a\- n-em-°n. CXv Hcp \nco-£-W-am-Wv, A-tX-k-abw HcmK-l-Øns‚ ]I-S-\-hp-am-Wv. \msa√mw Hcp IpSpw-_-amWv F∂hkvXp-X-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX√mwIptd-°qSn sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp ]pXnb Nn¥mk-cWnBhn¿`hn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. temI-Ønep≈hnhn[ P\-X-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒCu ]pXnb Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-bpsS Bhiyw\ap°p t_m-≤y-am-Ipw. At∏mƒ sFIywIq´m-bva-bmbn am-dpw,129 Bcpw \ncm-ew-_-cmbn Xo-cn-√. Cu coXn-bn¬ Nn-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v_‘-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Ipsd-°qSn Bg-ap≈ Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ D≠m-I-Ww. kmaq-lnIimkvX-ßƒ°p amXw Cu hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-Øm-\m-In-√. a\p-jys‚ AXo-µnb-amb alØzw icn-°pw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v AXn- u-XnIim-kvX-Øn-s‚bpw ssZ-h-im-kvX-Øn-s‚bpw klmbw th≠n-h-cpw.

a\p-jy≥ Hcp Bflob hy‡nbm-Wv. hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn-eq-sStb a\p-jys\ \n¿h-Nn-°m-\m-Iq. Hcmƒ Cu _‘-ßƒ FX-amXw Bflm¿∞-X-tbmsS \ne-\n¿Øp-∂pthm AX-amXwAbm-fpsS hy‡n-K-X-amb A\-\yX ]IzX ]m]n-°pw. H‰-s∏-S-en-eq-sS-b√ a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ tbmKyXÿm]n-°pI; A-bmƒ°p a‰p a\p-jy-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w, ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w CXmWv Abm-fpsS aqeyw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xv. CXp-sIm-≠mWv ]c-kv]c _‘-ßƒ°v ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb ]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xv. hy‡n-I-sf-∏‰n Cu ]d-™-sX√mw P\-X-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬, hy‡n-IƒXΩn-ep≈ _‘w AXn- u-XnI-ambn a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS hnI-k\Øn\v Gsd klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. CXp kw_-‘n®v ssIkvXh shfn-]m-Sn¬-\n∂p bp‡n-Nn-¥°p ]tNm-Z-\hpw Znim-

43


t_m-[hpw e`n-°p-∂p. ssIkvXhho£-W-Øn¬, hnhn[ cq]-Øn-ep≈ G-Im-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ kw -hn-°p-∂Xp-t]mse a\p-jy-k-aqlw hy-‡nsb Abm-fpsS kzm-X-¥y-sØ \in-∏n-°pwhn[whngp-ßn-°-f-bp-∂n-√. ssI-kvX-h-ho-£-W-Øn¬ hy‡nbpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Hcp ka-K-Xbpw thsdmcp ka-K-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-am-Wv.130 Hcp IpSpw_w AXns‚ AwK-ß-fpsShy‡nXzw \ncm-I-cn-°m-Ø-Xp-t]mse; ⁄m\kv\m-\w-hgn Hmtcm ]pXnb kr„nbpw kPo-h-ambXs‚ ico-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-Ip-tºmƒ Xncp-k` kt¥m-jn-°p∂Xpt]mse (K-em. 6:15, 2 tImdn. 5:17);a\p-jy-h¿§-am-Ip∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ hnhn[ P\-X-Iƒ-°v Ah-bpsS hy‡n-Xzhpw A\-\y-Xbpw \„-am-Ip-∂n-√. CsX√mw IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn ]c-kv]cw ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-bpsS \ymb-ambsshhn≤yw \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v ]c-kv]cw _-‘n-∏n-°p-I-bp-amWv ChnsS \S-°p-∂-Xv.

54. am\hIpSpw-_-Øn¬ hy‡n-Ifpw P\-X-Ifpw Dƒs∏- n-cn-°p-Ibpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. _‘-s∏-S-ens‚ Cu ]In-b-bm-Wv, hnI-k\w F∂p ]d-bmw. \oXn-bp-sSbpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-aq-ey-ß-fn-t∑¬ ]Sp-Øp-b¿tØ≠ Iq´m-bva-bn-emWv CXp km[n-t°-≠-Xv. ]cn-ip≤ XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bfp-Iƒ XΩn-¬ Htc ssZhn-I-k-Ø-bn-ep≈ _‘w Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s\ kv]-jvS-ambn ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZhnI Bfp-Iƒ kwip-≤-amb _‘-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]cn-ip≤ XnXzw ]c-a-amb sFIy-am-Wv. XnXz-Ønse aq∂m-fp-Iƒ XΩn¬ ]I-S-am-Ip∂ ]mc-kv]-cyhpw kpXm-cy-Xbpw ]cn-]q¿Æhpw, Hmtcm Bfp-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kºq¿Æ-hpw BWv.Imc-Ww Cu aq∂v Bfp-IfpwIqSn A\-\yhpw A]-cn-ta-b-hp-amb Htc Hcp ssZh-am-Wv. \sΩ CuIq´m-bva-bpsS bmYm¿∞y-Ønepw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ ssZhw BK-ln-°p-∂p: ""\mw H∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ahcpw H∂m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n'' (tbm-l. 17:22). ""Xncp-k` Cu sFIy-Øns‚ AS-bm-fhpw D]-I-c-W-hp-am-Wv.''131 Ncn-X-Øn¬ DS-\o-f-ap≈ am\p-jnI _‘-ßƒ°v XnXz-Øns‚ amXr-I-bm¬ [\y-am-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ XnXz-c-l-ky-Øn¬ ImWp-tºmƒ bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ Xpdhn F∂Xv hy‡n-]-c-amb X\na \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂√ A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv, adn-®vBg-Øn-ep≈ ]c-kv]ckzoI-c-Whpw sImSp-°-ep-am-W-v F∂p \ap°p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ignbpw. \ap-°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂n-cn-°p∂ XnXzcl-ky-Øns‚ sh-fn-®-Øn¬ CXv a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw.kvt\lhpw kXy-hpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ a\p-jy-cpsS kmam\y A\p- -hØn¬-\n∂pw CXv Bhn¿ -hn-°p∂p. Zº-Xn-I-fpsS IqZm-isb Bkv]-Z-am-°nbp≈ kvt\lw Ahsc Bflo-b-ambn ""GI-i-co-c-Øn¬'' H∂n-∏n-°p-Ibpw (D-Xv]. 2:24; aØm. 19:5; Ft^. 5:31) bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ _-‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ c≠mfpIƒ H∂m-bn-Øo-cpIbpw sNøp-∂p. CXn\p kam-\-amb coXn-bn¬ kXyw B-flm-°sf H∂n-∏n-°p-∂p. Htc coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°m≥ CXv Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. kXyw AhscGIo-I-cn®v X∂n-te°v Xs∂ BI¿jn-°p-∂p.

55. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ sFIy-sØ-∏‰n \ap°v e`n-®n- p≈ shfn-]mSv a\- n-em-I-W-sa-¶n¬ ""am\p-jnIw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ AXn- u-Xn-I-im-kvX-]-c-amb hym-Jym\w Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]c-kv]-c-_‘w CXns‚ Hcp Ahn- m-P y-L-S-I-am-Wv. a‰v kw-kvIm-c-ßfpw aX-ßfpw a\p-jys‚ kmtlm-Z-cyhpw kam-[m-\hpw ]-t_m-[-\-hn-j-b-am-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠v ka-K-amb am\p-jnI hnIm-k-Øn¬Ahbv°v henb ]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. F∂m-¬ Nne aX kmwkvIm-cnI at\m- m-h-ßƒ kvt\-l-Øn-t‚-bpw k-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw Bi-b-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂n-√. CXv bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ am\-hnIhnIm-k-Øn\v XS- -ambn \n¬°p-∂p, As√-¶n¬ AXns\ ]n≥Xn-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]c-kv]cw Iq´m-bva-bn¬ Pohn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy-sc \n¿_-‘n-°mØ Nne aX kwkvIm-cßƒ C∂v \ne-hn-ep-≠v. hy‡n-]-c-amb kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßƒ°pw BK-l-ßƒ°pw -th≠n a‰p-≈-h-cn¬-\n∂pw H‰-s∏- p-\n-ev°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂h-bmWv Ch. amX-a-√, aX-]-c-amb hyXy-kvX-am¿§-ßƒ C∂v \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Hmtcm∂pwsNdnb sNdnb kwL-ß-tf-tbm, Nne-t∏mƒ hy‡n-tb-tbm B-I¿-jn-°p-∂p. hnhn[ aX-ß-fn¬\n∂vth-≠-Xv Dƒs°m-≈pI F∂ kao-]-\-Øn-eqsS ]c-kv]cw AI-ep-∂-Xn\pw am\p-jn-I-_‘w C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn\pw CXv Imc-W-amhpIbpw sNøp-∂p. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cW ]In-b-bpsS Bim-ky-a-√mØ ^e-ß-fn¬ H∂v hnhn-[-a-X-ß-fn¬\n∂v C„-ap-≈Xv sXc-s™-Sp-°pI F∂ ]h-W-XsbAX-\p-Iq-en°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.132 ""aX-Øns‚'' CØcw cq]-ßsf AXp t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚^e-ambn Iq´m-bva-bn-te-°v \bn-°s∏Sp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw At\ym\yw A\y-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn\pwbmYm¿∞y-Øn¬\n∂pw H‰-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-°p-∂p. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂, kaq-lsØ ac-hn-∏n-°p∂ Nne aX-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ C-t∏m-gpw i‡-ambn XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ch¿kaq-l-sØ ]c-kv]cw _‘-an-√mØ kwL-ß-fmbn Xncn-°p-∂p. hy‡n-bpsS al-\o-bX AwKo-I-cn-°mØ hnizm-k-ßƒ BWv Ch. AZriy i‡n-I-tfmSv hnt[-bXzw ]pe¿Øp∂ Nne am¥n-I-hn-Zy-bnepw Ch¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ kvt\l-Øn\pw kXy-Øn\pw kzbw

am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ kl-IcWw

44


ka¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]bm-k-ap-≠v. CXv bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ hnI-k-\sØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

C°m-c-W-Øm¬, hnI-k-\-Øn\v hyXykvX P\-X-I-fpsS aX-ßfpw kwkvIm-c-ßfpw Bh-iy-am-sW∂ncn-°nepw Ch kw_-‘n®v, icn-bmb hn-th-N-\hpw IqSntb Xocq. aX-kzm-X¥yw F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ aX-ßtfmSp≈ DZm-ko\ at\m- m-htam F√m aX-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse BsW-t∂m A¿∞-am-°p-∂n-√.133 kwkvIm-c-ßfpw aX-ßfpw \evIp∂ kw`m-h\ kw_-‘n®v hnth-I-]q¿h-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°-Ww. cm„obm[n-Imcw ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw CXv ]tXyI ]m-[m\yw A¿ln-°p-∂p. ]c-kv]c _lp-am-\-Øns‚ Acq-]n-bn¬ s]m-Xp-\-∑-bv°p-th-≠nbpw kaq-lsØ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw CXv A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv. Cß-s\-bp≈ hnth-I-]q¿h-amb Xncn-®-dnhv kvt\l-Øn-t‚bpw kXy-Øn-t‚bpw am\-Z-WvU-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-IWw hy‡n-I-fp-tSbpw P\-X-I-fp-tSbpw hnI-k-\-amWv A]-I-S-Øn¬ BImsX kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠v, hnth-I-]q¿h-amb hnth-N-\-Øn¬, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ km¿h-Xn-I-amb Hcp a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚Bhn¿`m-h-Øn-\p-th≠n, hntam-N-\hpw F√m-h-tcbpw kzoI-cn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-Xbpw IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. aX-ß-tfbpw kwkvIm-c-ß-tf-bpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ ""a\p-jys\ apgp-h-\m-bpw, F√ma\p-jy-scbpw'' am\-Z-WvU-ambn kzoI-cn-°-Ww. a\p-jy-s‚ apJ-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ aX-amb InkvXp-a-Xw134 taev]-d™ AtX am\-ZWvUw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠v.

56. InkvXp-a-X-Øn\pw a‰p aX-ßƒ°pw hnI-k-\-Øn\v Xß-fp-tS-Xmb kw`m-h\ \evIm≥ Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v Hcp ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. kmw-kvIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw ]tXy-In-®pw cm„o-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-fn¬ ssZh-Øn\v CS-ap-≠mI-Ww.k -bpsS kmaq-lnI]t_m-[\w XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. In-kvXp-a-X-Øn\v ]ucm-h-Im-iw-thWw F∂ hmZ-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.135 Xs‚ aX-hn-izmkw ]c-ky-ambn G‰p ]d-bp∂-Xn\pw aX-hn-izm-k-Ønse kXy-ßƒ s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]m-h¿-Øn-I-am-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ Hcp-hs‚ Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv bYm¿∞-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v XS- -am-bn-cn-°pw. s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n∂v aXsØ AI-‰n-\n¿-Øp-∂Xv hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬ I≠p-ap-´p-∂Xpw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°mbn kl-I-cn®v]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. CXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmWv aX-au-enIhmZ-hpw. s]m-Xp-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ssNX\yw \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm\pw cm-„o-b-Øn\v tkz—m-[n-]-Xy-]-chpw hn\m-i-I-c-hp-amb kz`mhw ssIh-cp-∂-Xn\pw CXv CS-bm-°p-∂p. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm\pw km[y-X-bp-≠v. Ah-bpsS ]Ir-Xym-XoX ASn-ÿm\w C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm-t≠m hy-‡n-kzm-X¥yw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xp-sIm-t≠m CXv kw -hn-°mw. atX-X-c-Xzhpw aX-au-en-I-hm-Zhpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw aX-hn-izm-khpw XΩn¬ ]-tbm-P-\-I-c-amb kwhm-Zhpw ê-]-Z-amb kl-I-c-Whpw \S-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-Ncyw C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. bp‡n-Nn¥ Ft∏mgpw hnizm-k-Øm¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu ]d-™Xv cm„ob bp‡nNn¥-bv°pw _m[-I-am-Wv. F√mw XnI-™-XmWvF-∂ `mhw ]e-t∏mgpw AXp h®p ]pe¿Øp-∂p. CXv Dt]-£n-t°≠-Xp-≠v. aX-am-Is´, AXns‚bYm¿∞ am\p-jn-I-apJw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v bp‡n-bm¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-S-Ww. CXv ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am\p-jnIhnI-k\w henb hne \evtI-≠n-h-cpw.

57. hnizm-khpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw XΩn¬ ê-]-Z-amb kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv kaq-l-Ønse ]c-kvt\-l]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ ê-]-Z-am°pw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-bta C√. am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ \oXnbpw kam-[m-\hpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]Xn-_-≤X-tbmsS ]h¿Øn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw kmtlm-Zcyw ]I-S-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ kl-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v G‰w A\p-tbm-P y-amb N -°qSv Cu kw`m-j-W-am-bn-cn-°pw. ""`qap-J-Øp≈ ka-kvX-h-kvXp-°fpw a\p-jys‚\∑-bv°p-th-≠n-bm-I-Ww, Ah-bpsS tIµ-_n-µphpw D®-tIm-Snbpw a\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-Ifpw hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-hcpw GIm- n-]m-b-°m-cmWv''136 F∂v "B\-µhpw ]Xo-£-bpw'(Gaudium et Spes) F∂ ]t_m-[\tcJ-bn¬ Iu -kn¬ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-StØmfw, tIhe bmZr-—n-I-X-bn¬ \nt∂m A‘-amb Bh-iy-I-X-bn¬\nt∂mA√ temI-Øns‚ D¤-hw. ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn-bpsS mK-amWXv. k∑-\- p≈ F√m a\p-jy-tcmSpw,a‰p aX-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-tcmSpw Hcp aX-Ønepw hniz-kn-°m-Ø-h-tcmSpw H∏w, ]h¿Øn®v\ΩpsS temIw ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn°v A\p-cq-]-am-°n-Øo¿°p-hm≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ-°v IS-a-bp-≈XvC°m-c-W-Øm-em-Wv. k„m-hns‚ Iäp-ºn¬ a\p-jy-sc√mw Hcp IpSpw-_-ambn Ign-bWw F∂-XmWv Ahn-SpsØ ]≤-Xn. kvt\l-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-amb ]I-S-\hpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw kulm¿±-Øn¬ kl-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-tc-J-bp-amWv "D]mw-K-Xzw' kw_-‘n® XØzw.137


45


A\ym-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Im-Ø a\pjy kzmX-¥y-hp-ambn At -Zy-amb _‘-s∏´ Hcp ]Z-]-tbm-K-amWv CXv. kzX-¥-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ a≤y-h¿-Øn-I-fpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Hcp hy‡n°vklmbw e`y-am-°p∂ Hcp kwhn-[m\-amWn-Xv. Hcp hy‡n-t°m kaq-l-Ønt\m kz¥w \ne-bn¬Hcp Imcyw sN-øm≥ Ign-bm-sX-h-cp-tºmƒ Cß-s\-bp≈ klmbw e`y-am-°p-∂p. Ft∏mgpw Ah-cpsS D∂-a-\-amWv CXn-s‚ e£yw. Imc-Ww, DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-hgn ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-eqsSAh-cpsS kzmX¥yw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. D]mw-KXzw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS A¥- ns\BZ-cn-°p-∂p. Ft∏mgpw a‰p-≈-h¿°v Fs¥-¶nepw kw`m-h\ sNøm≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcm-fmbn hy‡nsbAwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv ChnsS sNøp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ ImX-emb Awiw ]c-kv]-c-k-º¿°w F∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬ k¿hXpw \nb-¥n-°p∂ "t£a-cm„w' Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂Xv XS-bp-hm-\p≈ G‰hpw ^e-]-Z-amb am¿§w D]mw-K-Xz-am-Wv. hnhn[ coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n- p≈ ]≤-Xn-Isf IW-°nseSp-°p-hm-\pw Ah-sb√mw GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Cu XØz-Øn\v Ign-bpw. ]≤-Xn-Iƒ ]e-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ AXv B-hn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-hcpw ]e-cm-bn-cn-°pw. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw ssI-ImcywsNøp-∂-Xn\pw b-Ym¿∞-Øn-ep≈ am\hhnI-k-\-Øn-te°v AXns\ \bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw G‰hpw A\p-tbm-P y-am-Wv D]mw-KXzw kw_-‘n® XØzw. temIw apgp-h≥ AS-°n- -cn-°p∂ Hcp GIm-[n-]-Xy-i‡n D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v, B-tKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn¬ AXns‚ `cW kwhn-[m-\-Øn-e-pw D]mw-KXzw ]I-S-am-bn-cn-°-Ww; hnhn[ Xe-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn°pIbpw Hmtcm Xe-Øn\pw a‰p Xe-ß-fp-ambn kl-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\w D≠m-bn-cn-°pIbpw thWw. BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn\v A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ßƒ IqSn-tb-Xocq. Imc-Ww, BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ s]mXp-\∑ F∂ e£ywDb¿-Øp∂ ]-iv\w ssI-Imcyw sNøm≥ AXmh-iy-amWv. Cu A-[n-Im-c-ÿm\w D]mw-K-Xz-ap-≈Xpw]e D]-L-S-Iß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Bbn-cn-°-Ww.138 As√-¶n¬ AXp kzmX-¥ysØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn_m[n-°pw. ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ^e-]m]vXn D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

58. D]mw-KXzØns‚ XØzw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øns‚ XØz-hp-ambn ASp-Ø-_‘w ]pe¿Ø-Ww,adn-®pw. D-]mw-KXzw amX-am-sW-¶n¬ Hcp kmaq-lnI kzImcy ]-ÿm-\-amIpw \ne-hn¬h-cp-I. C\nD]mw-K-Xz-an-√msX sFIy-Zm¿-Vyw am-X-am-bm¬ km[p-°-fpsS A¥- n\p \nc-°mØ coXn-bn-ep≈kmaq-lnI klmbw \evIp∂ A\p-Nn-X-amb Hcp ss]Xr-I- mhw \ne-hn¬h-cpw. A¥m-cm-„-hn-I-k-\-k-lmbw N¿®-sN-øp-tºmgpw ta¬∏-d™ kmam-\y-\n-baw AXns‚ hnim-e-amb A¿∞-Øn¬]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. klmbw \ev-Ip-∂-h-cpsS Dt±iw F¥p-Xs∂ Bbmepw C-Øcw k-lm-bwP\-ßsf Hcp-Xcw ]cm-i-b-Øn-te°p \bn-s®-∂p-h-cmw. klmbw kzoI-cn-°p∂ cmPyØv ]mtZ-inI Xe-Øn¬ ASn-®-a¿Ø-en\pw Nqj-W-Øn\pw CXp Imc-W-am-Imw. kmº-ØnI klmbw AXns‚bYm¿∞ e£y-tØmSp hniz-kvXX ]pe¿-Øp-I-bmWv th≠Xv; a‰v B\p-jw-KnI e£y-ßƒ AXn-\p-≠m-I-cpXv. Cu klm-bw hnX-cWw sN-øp-∂-Xn¬, klmbw kzoIcn°p∂ cmPy-sØ `c-W-Iq-SsØ amX-a√ ]mtZ-inI kmº-ØnI ]h¿-Ø-I-scbpw ]mtZ-inIk -I-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ kmw-kvIm-cnI ]h¿Ø-I-scbpw ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°-Ww. G‰w Xmgv∂-X- n-ep-≈-h-sc-bpw ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°p-I, ]≤-Xn-Iƒ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ A-h¿ ]¶p-h-ln-°pI F∂-Xm-IWw klm-b-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS apJ-ap-Z. hnI-k-\-k-lmbw kzoI-cn-°p∂ cmPy-ß-fnse G‰w hne-s∏´ hn`hw am\-h-ti-jn-bm-Wv. CXmWv kam-l-cn-t°≠ bYm¿∞ aqe-[-\w. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kzX-¥-amb Hcp mhn G‰w Zcn-Z-amb cmPy-ßƒ°pIqSnssIhcpw F-∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. hnI-kz-c-cm-P y-ßƒ°p kmº-ØnI taJ-e-bn¬Bh-iy-amb G‰w henb klm-bw Ah-bpsS DXv]-∂-ßsf ItaW A¥m-cm„ hn]-Wn-bn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Sp-hm≥ A\ph-Zn-°p-Ibpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xp hgn, A¥m-cmjvS kmº-ØnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ah¿°n-S-bm-°pI F∂XmWv F∂p \mw Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww. Ign-™-Im-eØv hnI-kz-c-cm-P y-ßƒ°p \-evInb klm-bw-sIm-≠v klmbw \ev-In-b cmP y-ß-fpsS DXv]-∂-ßƒ°p ]kvXp-X-cm-P y-ß-fn¬ sNdpItºmfßƒ kr„n-°pI amX-am-bn-cp-∂p.taev]-d™ DXv]-∂-ßƒ°p bYm¿∞-Ønep≈ Bh-iy-IX C√m-Xn-cp-∂-XmWv CXn\p ImcWw;DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øp-Ibpw \ne-hn-ep≈ B-h-iy-ßƒ-°\pkr-X-ambn Ahsbcq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-hm≥ B cmPy-ßsf ]m]vX-cm-°p-I-bmWp th-≠-Xv. CXp IqSm-sX,kmº-Øn-I-am-bn ]nt∂m-°w \n¬°p∂ cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS Cd-°p-a-Xn-aqew ]tXy-In®pw Im¿jnI DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS Cd-°p-aXn a’cw t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cptam F∂p `b-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw D≠v. F∂ncp-∂mepw Cu cmP y-ß-fpsS lkz-Im-e-tØ°pw Zo¿L-Im-e-tØ-°p-ap≈ \ne-\nev]vDd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xv Ah-cpsS DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hn]-W\ km≤y-X-bmWv F∂ hkvXpX \mw Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww. Im¿jnI DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS \ymbhpw \oXn-bp-‡-hp-amb A¥m-cm„ hym]m-cw DX-v-]m-Z-I¿°pwD-]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°pw KpW-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, CØcw DXv]-∂-ßƒ Ah-bpsS hn]-


46


W\ km≤yX IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-thWw DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥. amX-a-√, Chsb ]n≥Xp-W-bv°p∂A¥m-cm„ hym]mc N -ßƒ D≠m-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. Cu cmP y-ß-fnse DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p IqSp-X¬ kmº-ØnI k-lmbw e`y-am-°p-Ibpw thWw.

59. hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ kl-I-cWw kmº-ØnI taJ-e-bn¬ amXw HXp-ßn-\n-∂m¬ t]mcm.kwkvIm-c-ßfpw P\-X-Ifpw XΩn¬ ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Ip∂ al-Ømb Hc-h-k-c-amWv CXv \evIp-∂-Xv.hnI-knX cm„-ß-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≈-h-cmWv kl-I-c-W-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp∂ I£n-I-fn¬ Hcphn`m-K-sa-¶n¬ (]e-t∏mgpw CXmWv kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv) Ah¿ Xß-fpsS Xs∂tbm a‰p cmP y-ß-fp-sStbm kmw-kvImcnI A\-\yX IW-°n-seSp°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏- m¬, AY-hm, B kwkvIm-c-sØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ am\p-jnI aqey-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-®m¬, Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ß-fnse ]uc-∑m-cp-ambn A¿∞-h-Ømb kwhm-Z-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ Ah¿-°v Ign-bp-I-bn-√. kl-I-c-W-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp∂ ZcnZcmP y-ßƒ hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-ambn Xß-fpsS apºn¬ h-bv°p∂ G-sXmcp kmw-kvIm-cnI \n¿t±-i-tØbpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bm¬, Xß-fpsS cmP y-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw \nd-th-‰m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-bmsX hcpw.139 kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn ]ptcm-K-an® kaq-l-ßƒ, Xß-fpsS kmt¶-XnI-hnI-k\Øns‚ ^e-ambn a‰p-≈-h-tc-°mƒ kmw-kvIm-cn-I-amb ta¬t°mbvaXßƒ°p-s≠∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°-cp-Xv. Xß-fpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ DS-\ofw kar≤n D≠m-°n-bXpw ]e-t∏mgpwhnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Bb aqey-ßƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS CS-bn¬Øs∂ ho≠pw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-WvAh¿ sNtø-≠Xv. hnI-kzc kaq-l-ßƒ Ah-c-h-cp-sS-Xs∂ ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ Im-Wp∂ bYm¿∞am\-hnIaqey-ß-tfmSv XpS¿∂pw hniz-kvXX ]pe¿-Ø-Ww. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cn® kmt¶-XnI kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ bm¥nI LS-\-Iƒ B aqey-ßsf \ncp-]m-[nIw Iog-S-°m≥ Ah¿ A\p-h-Zn-®pIq-Sm. F√mkwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw s]mXp-hmbn Nne km∑m¿§nI aqey-ßfp≠v. Ah-bn¬ NneXv H‰-s∏- -Xm-Imw.Nne-Xv ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏- -Xm-Imw. CXv k„mhv Dt±-in-®n- p-≈- a\p-jy-kz- m-h-Øns‚ ]I-S-\-am-Wv. km∑m¿§nI hn⁄m\w Cu ]mc-º-cysØ ]Ir-Xn-\n-baw F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.140 km¿-h-Xn-I-amb Cu km∑m¿§n-I-\n-baw, kmw-kvIm-cn-Ihpw aX-]-chpw cm„o-b-hp-amb F√m kw`m-j-W-Øn\pwD]-I-cn-°p∂ i‡-amb Hc-Sn-Ø-d-bm-Wv. sshhn-≤y-am¿∂Xpw _lp-ap-J-hp-amb kwkvIm-c-ßƒ,kXy-sØbpw \∑sbbpw ssZhsØbpw I≠p-ap- p-∂-Xn-\p≈ F√m kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-tSbpw At\z-j-W-Øn¬\n∂v AS¿∂v amdp-∂n-√m-sb∂v CXv Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øpw. a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Bte-J\wsNø-s∏- n- p≈ Cu \nb-aw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv k¿§m-fl-I-amb F√m kl-I-c-W-Øn-t‚bpw ap≥D]m-[n-bmWv, F√m kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°pw Cd-°n-h-bvt°≠ Nne Npa-Sp-I-fp-≠v. Hgn-™p-t]m-tI≠Nne \ng-ep-I-fp-≠v. ssI-kvX-h-hn-izmkw kw-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-°p-I-h-gnbpw Ahsb kzmb-Ø-am-°p-I-bpw AtX-k-abw kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°v AXo-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-h-gn,km¿h-Xn-I-amb kmtlm-Z-cy-Ønepw Iq´m-bva-bnepw hf-cm≥ Ahsb klm-bn-°m≥ AXn\p Ign-bpw. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw kaq-l-Øn-s‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\pw ssIkvX-h-hn-izmkwklm-b-I-am-Wv.

60. C∂sØ kmº-ØnI]Xn-k-‘n°v ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\p≈ ia-Øn¬, Zcn-Z-cm-P y-ßƒ°v\ev-Ip∂ hnI-k\ klmbw, F√m-h¿°pwth≠n kºØv kr-„n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[p-hmb Hcpam¿§-ambn Icp-X-Ww. BtKmf kºZvhyhÿ-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂p t\m°n-bm¬-t]m-epw kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]mcw` Zi-bn¬-Xs∂ Ct∏mgpw Ign-bp∂ P\-ßƒ°v klm-bw \evIp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ it≤-b-amb hf¿®bv°v If-sam-cp-°p∂ thsd F¥v klm-b-]-cn-]m-Sn-bmWv D≈Xv?Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬-\n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒ, kmº-Øn-I-ambn hnI-k\w ]m]n-®p-I-gn™ IqSp-X¬ cm„-ßƒ Ah-bpsS BsI Km¿-lnI DXv]m-Z-\-Øns‚ \s√m-cp- mKw hnI-k-\-k-lm-b-Øn-\mbn am‰n-h-bv°m≥ Ign-bp-∂X ian-°-Ww. Aßs\, C°m-cy-Øn¬ A¥m-cm-„-k-aqlw Gs‰-Sp-Øn- p≈ Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dm-I-Ww. CXp sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w, Xß-fp-sS-Xs∂cmPyØv kmaq-lnI klm-b-Øn\pw P\-t£-a-Øn\pambn Bhn-jvI-cn-®n- p≈ \b-ßƒ ]p\:]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw D]mw-K-Xz-XØzw ]mh¿Øn-I-am°n Ipsd-°qsS ka-K-amb t£a-kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒBhn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw BWv. CXn\v kzImcy hy‡n-I-fpsSbpw s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚bpw kPo-h-amb ]¶m-fn-Øw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. Cu coXn XpS¿-∂m¬ kmaq-lnItk-h-\-ßfpw t£a-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw C\nbpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw AtX-k-a-bw-Xs∂ hn -h-ßƒ em`n-°p-hm\pw Ign-bpw. hn -h-ßƒ ]mgm-Ip-∂Xpw h©-\m-]-c-amb Ah-Im-ihmZ-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xpw Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ hn -h-ßƒ an®w-h-cp-Øphm\pw Ah A¥m-cm„ Iq´m-bva-°mbn am‰n-h-bv°phm\pw km[n-°pw. Iptd-°qSn hntI-µo-I-cn-®-Xpw ]c-kv]cw _‘w]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kmaq-ly-Iq´m-bvaDs≠-¶n¬, D-tZym-K-ÿ- -cWw Ign-bp-∂X ]cn-an-Xn-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw F∂m¬ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ th≠X


47


G-tIm-]n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬, P\-X-IƒX-Ωn-ep≈ sF-Iy-Zm¿Vyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v, Ct∏mƒ\n›-e-am-bn-°n-S-°p∂ Du¿÷-k-º-Øns\ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.

hnI-k\klm-bsØ ^e-]-Z-ambn kmº-ØnI D]mw-KXzw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn kao-]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xßƒ Ic-a-S-bv°p∂ XpI-bpsS Hcwiw Fßs\ Nne-h-gn-°Ww F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn\v]uc-∑msc A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bm-Wn-hnsS sNtø-≠-Xv. ]tXyI XmXv]-cy-ßsf t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂Hcp kwhn-[m-\-ambn Xcw-Xm-gmsXbncp-∂m¬, kaq-l-t£-a-Øn-\m-bp≈ Iq´m-bva-bpsS cq]-t -Z-ßƒ Xmtg-X- n¬\n∂v Db¿∂p-h-cm≥ CXv klm-bn-°pw. hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ Iq´m-bva-bpsS Xe-Ønepw CXp-sIm≠v hy‡-amb t\ -ßƒ D≠m-Ipw.

61. kmº-ØnI ]Xn-k-‘n-bpsS a≤y-Øn¬t∏mepw A¥m-cm-„-X-e-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Iq´mbva]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv hnZym- ymkw t\Sm-\p≈ kuIcyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ct∏mƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂]cn-i-a-Øn-em-Wv. e-]-Z-amb A¥m-cm„ kl-I-c-W-Øn\pw Ah-iyw-th≠ Hcp ap≥ D]m-[n-bmWnXv.]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\hpw amX-a-√ hnZym- ymkw F-∂ ]Zw A¿-∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. CXp c≠pw hnI-k-\-Øn¬ ]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fmWv F∂Xv icn-X-s∂.Hcp hy‡n-bpsS kºq¿Æ-amb cq]o-I-c-W-amWv hnZym- ymkw. Chn-sS FSp-Øp-]-d-tb≠ Hcp ]iv\wD≠v. hnZy A`y-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jy-hy-‡n-Xz-Øns‚ kz`mhw A-dn-™n-cn-°pI Bh-iy-am-Wv. hnZym-`ymkw e`n-t°≠ ]pcp-j-s\ AYhm kvXosb a\- n-em-°Ww. a\p-jy-kz- mhw kw_-‘n®v HcpBt]-£nI-hmZmSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ ]N-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. km∑m¿§nI t_m[-\-Øn¬ CXv ]tXy-In®pw ]I-S-am-Wv. hnZym- ymkw km¿h-XnIam°p-∂-Xn\v CXp ]Xn-_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Cu Bt]-£n-I-hm-Z-Øn\v Iog-S-ßn-bm¬ F√m-hcpw IqSp-X¬ Zcn-Zcmbn-Øo-cpw. klmbw G‰hpw A[n-Iw-th≠ P\-ßƒ°v klm-bw-sIm≠v ^e-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v CXv XS- -am-bn-cn-°pw. Cu Zcn-Z-P-\-hn- m-K-ßƒ°v kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmt¶-Xn-Ihpw BbZmcn-Zyw-amXa√ D≈-Xv. P\-ßsf Xß-fpsS am\p-jn-I-amb kn≤n-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hnZym- ym-k-co-Xn-Ifpw hn- -h-ßfpw Ah¿°v A\y-am-Wv.

Cu ]iv\w FX kp]-[m\-am-sW∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv A¥m-cm-„-hn-t\mZ k©mcwF∂ ]Xn- mkw. kmº-ØnIhnI-k-\-Øn\pw kmwkvIm-cnI hf¿®bv°pw KWy-ambn klm-bn-°m-hp∂ Hcp LS-I-amWnXv. F∂m¬ CXv Nqj-W-Øn\pw km∑m¿-§nI A[x]X-\-Øn\pw kml-NcywD≠m-°mw. C∂sØ kml-Ncyw hnI-k-\-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI hi-ßƒ°v Akm-[m-c-W-amb km≤y-X-Iƒ Xpd-∂p-X-cp-∂p-≠v. AXm-b-Xv, ]W-Øns‚ Hgp°pw KWy-amb tXmXn¬ ]mtZ-inI kwcw- -ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xpw hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w t]m-Ip-∂-XmWv kmw-kvIm-cnI hi-ßfpw. Ah-bn¬ kp]-[m-\-amb H∂m-Wv hnZym- ym-kw. ]e-t∏mgpw CXmWv kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Nne-t∏mƒ A¥m-cm„ hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw hn-t\mZ k©m-cn-Ifp-sSbpw Xt±ihmkn-I-fpsSbpw hn-Zym- ym-ksØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambpw _m[n-°p-∂p≠v. Xt±-ihm-kn-Iƒ ]e-t∏mgpw k∑m¿§-hn-cp-≤hpw hnIr-X-hp-amb s]cp-am-‰-Øn\v hn-t[-b-cm-Ip-∂p. ssewKn-I-hn-t\m-Z-k-©mcw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv; sNdp ]mb-Øn¬Øs∂ At\Iw a\p-jy-Po-hn-Iƒ CØcw hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-Øn\v_enb¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]mtZ-inI `cWIqS-Øns‚ ]n≥-Xp-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv CXv \S-°p-∂XvF∂Xv Zb-\o-b-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bmWv. hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ cmPy-ßfnse c-W-Iq-S-ßfpwau\w ]men-°p-∂p. hnt\m-Z-k-©mcØns‚ kwLm-S-I¿ Cu Nqj-W-Øn\v Iq´p-\n-ev°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. CX-Xs∂ tami-a-√mØ kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw A¥m-cm„ hnt\m-Z-k-©mcØneqsS D]-t`m-‡rkwkvIm-c-sØbpw kpJm-t\z-j-W-sØbp-amWv t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬\n∂pwHfn-t®m-Sm-\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-ambn CXv amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp∂cmPysØ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp at\m- m-h-amWv CXv. hy‡n-Ifpw kwkvIm-c-ßfpw ]c-kv]cwCS-]-g-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp kml-N-cy-a√ CXv kr„n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp hyXykvX coXn-bn-ep≈ hnt\mZ k©m-cw \mw hnI-kn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. bYm¿-∞-Øn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c-[mcW hf¿Øm≥Ign-hp≈Xpw hni-a-Øn\pw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw th≠X kuIcyw \evIn-s°m-≠p≈Xpamb Hcp kao-]\w. A¥m-cm„ kl-I-c-W-Øn¬-\n∂pw hnI-k\ ]ÿm-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pwe`n® A\p- -h-Øn-s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb CØcw hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw hf-tc-≠-Xp-≠v.

62. ka-K-amb am\-h-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ it≤-b-amb as‰mcp apJ-amWv IpSn-tb‰w F∂ ]Xn-`mkw. Cu ]Xn- mkw it≤-b-am-°p-∂Xv AkwJyw Bfp-Iƒ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p∂p F∂p-≈XpwAXn¬\n∂v Db-cp∂ kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cm„o-bhpw kmw-kvIm-cn-Ihpw aX-]-c-hp-amb]iv\-ß-fp-am-Wv. CXv cm„-ßƒ°pw A¥m-cm„kaq-l-Øn\pw \mS-Io-b-amb sh√p-hn-fn-I-fmWvDb¿Øp-∂-Xv. NcnXw krjvSn-°p∂ Hcp kmaq-lnI ]Xn- m-k-sØ-bmWv \mw t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-


48


hn-im-e-amb Hcp ]Xn- m-kw. [oc-hpw Zo¿L-ho-£-W-ap-≈-Xp-amb A¥m-cm„ k-l-I-cW\b-ßƒsImt≠ CXns\ ê-]-Z-am-b-co-Xn-bn¬ ssI-Imcyw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈p. IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿ ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ cmPy-ß-fnepw Ah¿ FØn-t®-cm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ cmPy-ßfpw ASpØp kl-I-cn®v CØcw\b-ßƒ°v cq]w \evI-Ww. hnhn[ \nb-a-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏- p-t]m-Im≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb A¥m-cm„ N´-ßfpw Cu \b-ß-tfm-sSm∏w D≠m-tI≠-Xp≠v. IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p∂Xpw AXpt]mse -Xs∂ IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿ sNs∂-Øp∂Xpamb hy‡n-I-fp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-ß-fp-tSbpw Bh-iy-ßfpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ i≤-th-Ww. Cu Ime-L- -ØnseIpSn-tb‰]iv\-ßƒ Hcp cmP y-Øn\pw kz¥w\ne-bn¬ ssIImcyw sNøm\m-In-√. kz¥w cmP yw-hn-´p-h-cp∂ AkwJyw IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ bmX-\-bp-tSbpw Ah-cpsS ]Xo-£-I-fp-tSbpwÿewam‰w sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ _p≤n-ap- p-I-fp-tSbpw ZrIvkm-£n-Iƒ BW-t√m \mw. Cu ]-Xn- m-kwssIImcyw sNøpI ]bm-k-a-sW∂v F√m-h¿-°padn-bmw. F∂m¬ hntZi tPmen-°m¿ Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fp-ambn Cgp-In-t®-cp-∂-Xn¬ ]bm-k-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw Ah¿ FØn-t®¿∂ cmPy-sØ kmº-Øn-I-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v it≤-b-amb kw`m-h\ A-h-cpsS A[zm\w hgn \evtI≠Xp≠v. amX-a-√,Ah¿ kz¥w \mń-te°v Ab-bv°p∂ ]Whpw kmº-ØnI hf¿-®sb klm-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CusXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ Hcp I®-h-S-®-c-°mtbm ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈-h¿ amX-amtbm ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm≥ ]mSn-√. DXv∏m-Z-\-Øns‚ ]e LS-I-ß-fn¬ H∂mbn amXw Ahsc IW-°m-°m≥ CS-bm-I-cp-Xv. HmtcmIpSn-tb-‰-°m-c\pw Hcp a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bm-Wv. B \ne-bn¬ Abmƒ°pw auen-I-hpw, A\n-tj-[y-hp-amb Ah-Im-i-ßƒ D≠v. Cu Ah-Im-i-ßƒ F√m-hcpw F√m kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw am\n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.142

63. hnI-k-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]iv\-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ, Zmcn-Zyhpw sXmgn-en-√m-bvabpw XΩn-ep≈ A-t -Zy-amb _‘w FSp-Øp-Im- m-Xn-cn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. ]e-t∏mgpw a\pjy ]b-Xv\-Øns‚A¥- ns\ am\n-°m-Ø-XmWv Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚ Imc-Ww. ""H∂p-In¬ sXmgn-en-√m-bva-sImt≠m As√-¶n¬ tPmen°v Ipd-™-aqeyw \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xn\mtem tPmen-bn¬\n∂v D≠m-Ip∂ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpaq-etam ]tXy-In®pw \oXn-]q¿h-amb thX-\-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw,sXmgn-em-fn-bp-tSbpw A-bm-fpsS IpSpw-_-Øn-t‚bpw `Z-X-bv°p≈ Ah-Imiw, Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.''143 C°m-c-W-Øm¬, c≠mbn-cmam≠v sabv H∂mw XobXn sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Pq_n-en-bpsSkµ¿ -Øn¬, Fs‚ hµy ap≥Kman tPm -t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am\y-amb tPmen-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ HcpBtKm-f-k-Jy-Øn\v144 Blzm\w sNbvXp. A¥m-cm„ sXmgn-em-fn-kw-L-S-\-bpsS \ne-]m-Sn\v ]n≥XpW]-Jym-]n-°p∂ Hcm-lzm-\-am-bn-cp-∂p AXv. Cßs\, Cu e£y-Øn\v i‡-amb Hcp [m¿ΩnI ]tNm-Z\w At±-lw \evIn. temIsØ F√m cmP y-ß-fn-tebpw IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS BKlw AXm-sW∂vAt±lw a\- n-em°n. tPmen-sb-∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ "am\y-amb' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v F¥mW¿-∞w? Hmtcmhy‡n-bp-tSbpw kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-Øn¬ AbmfpsS A-Sn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb A¥ v ]I-S-am-Ip∂tPmen F∂m-WnXn\¿-∞w: kzX-¥-ambn sXc-s™-SpØ tPmen, Xß-fpsS kaq-l-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v sXmgn-em-fn-Isf ê-]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°p∂ tPmen, bmsXm-cp-Xcw hnth-N-\-hp-an-√msX sXmgn-em-fn°v sNøm-hp∂ tPm-en, Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pw Ipń-I-fpsS hnZym- ym-k-Øn\p aXn-bm-b-Xp-amb hcp-am\w IpSpw-_-ßƒ-°v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ tPmen. Ipń-Isf ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-°p∂ kml-Ncyw D-≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv. ho≠pw, kzX-¥-ambnkwL-Sn-°p-hm≥ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v A\p-hmZap≈ -tPm-enbmWXv. kwL-S-\-bn-eqsS Xßƒ°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv i≤n®v tIƒ°-s∏Spw F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ DX-Ip∂ tPmen -hy‡n-bpsSbpw Ip-Spw-_-Øn-t‚bpw Bflo-b-X-bp-sS Xe-Ønepw X-ß-fpsS thcp-Iƒ ho≠pw Is≠-Øm≥ th≠X k-abwe`y-am-°p∂ tPmenbmWXv. tPmen-bn¬\n∂v hnc-an-®-h¿-°v am\y-amb Hcp Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ Hcp tPmen.

64. sXmgn¬ F∂ hnj-b-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ C∂v cq]w-sIm≠phcp∂ sXmgn¬ta-J-e-bn¬ ]p-Xnb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ sXmgn-emfn kw-L-S-\-Iƒ Xbm-dm-tI-≠-Xns‚ ]m[m\ywA\p-kva-cn-°p-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. -k` Ft∏mgpw sXm-gn-emfn kwL-S-\Isf t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]n¥p-W-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. Hcp ]tXyIhn`mKw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Xmev]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°m-\mbn kwL-Sn-∏n-®-h-bm-sW-¶nepw sXmgn-emfn bqWn-b-\p-Iƒ Iptd-°qSn hnim-e-amb kao]-\-Øn-eqsS \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ ]pXnb ]iv\-ß-tfbpw t\cn-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, kmaq-lnIimkvX-⁄-∑m¿, sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw D]-t`m-‡m-°fpw XΩn-ep-≈ kwL¿jwF∂p]d-bp∂ taJ-e-bn¬s∏´ k-¶o¿Æamb ]iv\-ßƒ Ah¿ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. C∂vi≤ tIµo-I-cn-°s∏Sp∂Xv sXmgn-em-fn-bn-e√ D]-t`m-‡m-hn-emWv F∂ kn≤m-¥w AwKo-I-cn-®n-


49


s√-¶n¬ IqSn sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Iƒ ssI-Imcyw sNtø≠ ]pXnb ]iv\-ß-fmWv C-t∏mƒ D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. krjvSn-]-c-ambn ssI-Imcyw sNtø≠ ]iv\-ß-fmWv Ch. C∂v tPmen \S-°p-∂XvBtKm-f-X-e-Øn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v tZiob sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Ifpw Ah-cpsS kwL-S-\-bn¬AwKXzw t\Sn-b-hcpw kz¥w Xm-ev]-cy-ßƒ°-∏pdw kmaq-lnImh-Im-i-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw ewLn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnI-kz-c-cm-P y-ß-fnse sXmgn-emfn-IfpsS Xmev]-cy-ß-fnepw i≤sNep-Ø-Ww. Cu sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS kwc-£Ww Ah¿ P\n-®p-h-f¿∂ cmPy-ß-fnse \S-]-Sn-I-fn-eqsS Hc-f-hn¬ km-[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂mepw sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Iƒ [m¿Ωn-Ihpw kmw-kvIm-cn-I-hp-amb ]tNm-Z\w ]I-S-am-°-Ww. Cu ]tNm-Z-\-amWv hyXy-kvX-amb kmaq-ln-Ihpw sXmgn¬-]-c-hp-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬hn-I-k-\-Øn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb Hcp ]¶p-h-ln-°m≥ sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Isf ]m]vXcm-°n-b-Xv.k -bpsS ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb ]t_m-[\w sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-I-fptSbpw cmjvSo-b-Øn-t‚bpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw ]h¿-Ø-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkhpw Nq≠n-°m- p-∂p-≠v. XnI®pw km[p-hmb Hcp th¿Xn-cn-°-emWv ChnsS \S-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Xmev]-cy-ßƒ kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS PohnXw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw s]mXp-kaq-l-Øns‚ CS-bn-emWv sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Iƒ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-sX∂v AXp hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. Akw-L-Sn-Xcpw Nqj-Ww sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-amb sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n ]tXy-In®pw Ah¿ ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cß-s\-bp≈ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Zb-\o-bm-hÿ ]e Imcy-ß-fn-epw hym]r-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ kaq-lw ]e-t∏mgpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

65. kmº-ØnILS-\-bpsS Zpcp-]-tbm-Kw kºZvhyh-ÿsb XI¿°p-I-bm-Wp≠m-b-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠v, ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ C∂v ]nt∂m´v t]mI-Ww, AXv sa®-s∏´ tXm-Xn¬ kºØv D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\pwhnI-k\w t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Hcp D]-I-c-WambnØoc-Ww. ho≠pw XI¿® kw -hn-°mØ coXn-bn¬]pXnb LS-\-Ifpw ]h¿Ø-\-ssi-en-Ifpw Bhn-jvI-cn®v Cu ]mX-bn-eqsS apt∂-d-Ww. Ch D]-I-c-W-ßƒ amX-amWv AXp-sIm≠v kºZvhyh-ÿ-bpw [\anS-]m-Sp-Ifpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw hyh-ÿ-bpsSGXm\pw taJ-e-Iƒ amXa√m-sX, [m¿Ωn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. am\-hn-I-amb hnI-k-\-Øn\pw P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\pw A\p-tbm-P y-amb kml-N-cyw Aßs\ krjvSn-°m-\m-Ipw. am\p-jnI]cn-K-W-\bv°v ]m[m\yw \¬In-s°m≠v [\-hn-\n-tbmK ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw D]-Im-c-]-Z-am-Wv. Nne kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ CXv IqSntb Xocq. F∂m¬ [\-hn-\n-tbmK kwhn-[m\w apgp-h-\m-bpw bYm¿∞hnI-k\w \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xp e£yam°nbn´p-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°-cp-Xv. F√m-‰n\pw D]-cn-bmbn \∑ sNøm-\p≈ D-t±iw Imcy-£-a-amb coXn-bn¬ hkvXp-°ƒ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ignhpambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-X√ F∂p Icp-X-cp-Xv. kmº-ØnIhnZ-Kv[¿ Xß-fpsS ]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ [m¿-ΩnI ASn-ÿm\w ho-≠pwIs≠-Ø-Ww. k¶o¿Æ-amb [\-hn-\n-tbmK D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS- Zpcp-]-tbmKw \nt£-]-I-cpsS XmXv]-cy-ßƒ h©n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bm-°-cp-Xv. icn-bmb Dt±-iw, kpXm-cy-X, Imcy-£-a-X-bv°m-bp≈ At\z-jWw Ch-sb√mw ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-Ø-s∏- p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bm-Wv. Hcn-°epw Ahsb th¿Xn-cn-®p-Iq-Sm. H∂v a-s‰m-∂n¬\n∂pw AS¿Øn FSp-°-cp-Xv. kvt\lw hn-th-I-ap-≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬, Zo¿L-ho-£-W-ap-≈Xpw \o-Xn-]q¿∆-hp-amb XmXv°m-en-I-ku-I-cy-Øn-t\mSv HØp-tN¿-∂v ]h¿-Øn-°m≥ am¿§w Is≠-Øpw. sIUn‰v bqWn-b≥ ]h¿Ø-\-Ønse A\p- hw Cu \ne-]mSv it≤-b-amb coXn-bn¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

kaq-l-Ønse Zp¿_e-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Xmev]-cy-ßƒ kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw A]-e-]-\o-b-amb Dul-°-®-hSw \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw [\-Im-cytaJ-esb \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xpw [\-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øns‚hnI-k\w e£y-am-°n-bp≈ ]pXnb cq]-ßƒ ]co£n®p t\m°p∂Xpw t]m’m-l-P-\-I-amb A\p--h-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-sb-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Chsb t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. \nt£-

]-Is‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-Øn\v Gsd ]m[m\yw \evIn-s°m-≠p≈ Hcp kao-]-\-am-bncn-°Ww CXv.amX-a-√, sNdnb tXmXn-ep≈ km-º-ØnI CS-]m-SpI-fpsS (ssatIm ss^-\m≥kv) ]-h¿Ø\wi‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ Imcy-£-a-am-°p-Ibpw thWw. ssatIm ss^\m≥kns‚ thcp-Iƒa\p-jy-kvt\-ln-IfpsS Nn¥-bnepw ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-epw BWv Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I. ]Wbwh®v ]W-sa-Sp-°p∂ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ D¤-h-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv Rm≥ ChnsS hnh£n°p-∂-Xv. P\-kw-Jy-bn¬\s√mcp hn`mKw Bfp-Ifpw kmº-ØnI sshj-ay-ßƒ-sIm≠v Gsd he-bm≥ CS-bp≈ Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ sIm≈-∏-en-i-bn¬\n∂pw \ncm-i-bn¬\n∂pw Ahsc c£n-°p-∂Xv Hcp ASn-b-¥n-cm-h-iy-am-bn- p-≠v. ]mh-s∏- -hsc sNdnb tXmXn-ep≈ hmbv]-Iƒ hgn klm-bn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ CXpw]m-[m\yw A¿ln-°p-∂p. Cu c≠p taJ-e-I-fn-epw D≠m-Im-hp∂ NqjWw \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mWv ian-t°-≠-Xv. kº∂cmPy-ß-fnepw ]p-Xnb cq]-Øn-ep≈ ZmcnZyw C∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p-


50


≠v. ]pXnb kwcw- -ßƒ XpS-ßnbpw Zp¿_ehn`m-K-ß-fpsS \∑-bv°mbn ]pXnb taJ-e-Iƒ Xpd∂pw]m-tbm-Kn-Iambn k-lm-bn-°m≥ ssatIm ss -\m≥-kn-\v Ignbpw. kºZv-hyhÿ s]mXpth amµy-Øn-embncn-°p∂ C°m-eØpw CXv km[y-am-Wv.

66. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c _‘-ßƒ, ]pXnb Hcp cmjvSobi‡n Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂-Xn\pIf-sam-cp°n. D]-t`m-‡m-°-fp-sSbpw Ah-cp-sS kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw i‡n-bmWv CXv. Imc-Ww,t]m’m-ln-∏n-t°≠ Inbm-flILS-I-ßƒ CXn-ep-≠v. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Hgn-hm-t°≠ AXn-cp-I-S∂ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw. AXp-sIm≠v IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-Øn\p hnj-b-am-t°≠ Hcp ]Xn- m-k-amWv CXv.hmßpI F∂Xv F-t∏mgpw, Hcp kmº-ØnI]hrØn amX-a√, [m¿-ΩnIX Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp]hrØn IqSn-bm-Wv F∂v Bfp-Iƒ a\- n-em-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v DXv]m-Z-I-cpsS kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-ZnØw t]mse Xs∂- D]-t`m-‡m-hn\v hy‡-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≠v. CXpc≠pw ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Xß-fpsS A\p-Zn\ Npa-X-e-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v D]-t`m-‡m-hns\ \nc-¥cw t_m[-hm-\m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.145 hmßpI F∂ ]Inb, AXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂kmº-ØnI\ymbhpw bp‡nbpw \ne-\n¿-Øn-sIm-≠p- Xs∂ [m¿ΩnI A-h-t_m-[-tØmsS sNtø-≠-Xp≠v. Nn√d hym]m-c-Øn¬, ]tXy-In®pw Ct∏mgtØ-Xp-t]m-se kmº-ØnI sRcp°w A\p- -h-s∏-SpIbpw hmßm-\p≈ Ignhp Ipd-™n-cn-°pIbpw sNøp∂ Cu Ime-Øv a‰p am¿K-ßƒ Is≠-Ø-Ww. ]-sØm≥-]-Xmw \q‰m-≠psXm´p ]h¿Øn-°p∂ D]-t`m‡r k-l-I-c-W-kw-L-ßƒ t]mep-≈ kl-I-c-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hnI-bw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Cu ]ÿm\w XpS-ßn-bXv `mKn-I-ambn ItØm-en-°-cpsS D’mlw sIm-≠m-Wv. IqSm-sX temI-sØ ]nt∂m°w \nev°p∂ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬-\n∂p≈ DXv]∂-ßƒ Itºm-f-Øn-se-Øp-∂Xp t]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂Xp ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. DXv]m-Z-I¿°p \ymb-amb hne e`y-am-°m≥ Cu ]≤-Xn°p Ign-bpw. F¶nepw Nne D]m-[n-Iƒ\nd-th-t‰-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. Itºmfw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kpXm-cy-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. Dev]m-Z-I¿°v IqSp-X¬ BZm-bw In´n-bm¬ amXw t]mcm. sXmgn¬]-c-amb Ignhp h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kmt¶-XnIcwKØpwIqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏´ ]cn-io-e\w Ah¿-°p e`n-°Ww; Ah-km-\-am-bn, Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ hym]mcwGsX-¶nepw k¶p-NnXkn≤m-¥-Øn-s‚ XS-hnem-Ip-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. kmº-ØnI P\m-[n-]Xyw ]-Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn\v D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ-°p \n¿-Æm-bI Hcp ]¶p-≠m-I-Ww. ]t£, Ah-sc bYm¿∞-Øn¬]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°mØ kwL-S\I-fp-sS ssI-bneh¿ N´p-I-ß-fm-I-cp-Xv.

67. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw Bi-bn-°pI F∂ coXn \nc-¥cw A\n-tj-[y-amw-hn[w hf¿®]m]n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ sF-Iy-cmjvSkwL-S\ ]cn-jvI-cn-°Ww F∂Xv F√m-h¿-°pw t_m[y-am-bn- p≈ Hcm-h-iy-am-Wv. Ct∏m-g-sØ BtKmf kmº-ØnIamµy-Øn-\n-S-bnepw CXns‚Bh-iy-w A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ kmº-ØnIÿm]-\-ßfpw A¥m-cm„ [\-hn-\n-a-bhpw ]cn-jvI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. BtKmfIpSpw_w F∂ Bibw ^e-]-Z-am-bn ]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv. kmº-Øn-I-ambn ]n-t∂m°w \nev°p∂ cm„-ßsf kwc-£n-°p-hm\pwXocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿°pw ]¶m-fnØw \evIp-∂-Xn\pw D≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw kw_-‘n®XØzw146 ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ ]pXnb hgn-Iƒ Is≠-tØ≠ ASn-b-¥n-c-amb Bh-iy-ap≠v. F√mP\-X-I-fp-tSbpw Iq´m-bva-bn-ep≈ hnI-k-\-Øn\v th≠-Xmb A¥m-cm„ kl-I-c-W-Øn\v Znim-t_m[w \-evIp-∂-Xn\pw Cu kl-I-cWw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb cm„o-bhpw ss\bm-an-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb kwhn-[m\w D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\v CXv Bh-iy-am-Wv. BtKm-f-k-ºZvhyh-ÿ-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n\pw ]Xn-k-‘n-bn-emb kºZv-hyh-ÿ-Isf DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Xn-k‘n IqSp-X¬ cq£-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂, \ne-hn¬ hcm-\n-S-bp≈ h¿≤n® Ak-¥p-e\wIqSp-X¬ cq£-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ka-Khpw Imtem-Nn-X-hp-amb \ncm-bp-[o-I-cWw \S∏m°p-∂-Xn\pw `£y-kp-c-£n-X-Xzhpw kam-[m-\hpw t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw IpSn-tb‰w \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\pw F√mw Hcp bYm¿-∞ BtKmf cm„o-b A[n-Imcÿm\wAhiyw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. F-s‚ ap≥Km-an-bmb `mKy-s∏´ tPm¨ Ccp-]-Øn-aq-∂m-a≥ Ipsd h¿j-ßƒ°pap≥]v CXv Nq≠n-°m- n-bn- p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cß-s\-bp≈ A[n-Im-c-ÿm\w \nb-a-hn-t[-b-am-bn-cn-°Ww, Ft∏mgpw D]mw-K-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw Iq´m-bva-bp-tSbpw XØz-ßƒ CXn¬ ]men-°-s∏-S-Ww.AXv Ft∏mgpw s]mXp-\∑147 At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw kXy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb kvt\-l-Øn¬, aqey-ß-fm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-amb bYm¿∞hpw ka-K-hp-amb am\-h-hn-I-k\w t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Xn-_-≤X]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw thWw. IqSm-sX, Cß-s\-bp≈ Hcp A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\sØ temIw apgp-h\pwAw-Ko-I-cn-°-Ww. F√m-h-cp-tSbpw kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-∏m-°m≥ th≠X A[n-Im-chpw i‡nbpw AXn¬\n£n-]vX-am-Ip-Ibpw thWw. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂, \o-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ BZ-chpw Ah-Im-i-ß-tfm-Sp≈_lp-am-\hpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Cu A[n-Imcÿm\-Øn\v ]m]vXn D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.148 _‘-


51


s∏´ I£n-I-sf√mw AXns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ A\p-k-cn°pw F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p≈ i‡n CuA[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-Øn\v D≠m-ImsX \nhrØn-bn-√. hnhn[ A¥m-cm„ cwK-ß-fn¬ kzoI-cn® GtIm-]nX \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw AXn\v D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Cßs\ Hcp A[n-Im-c-ÿm\w Cs√-¶n¬ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Gsd ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-bn- p-s≠-¶nepw A¥m-cm-„-\n-bawA\p-k-cn-°ptam ewLn-°ptam F∂Xv hnhn[ cm„-ß-fpsS i‡n-sb kw_-‘n® k¥p-e-\sØBi-bn-®n-cn°pw. P\-X-I-fpsS ka-K-hn-I-k-\-Øn\pw A¥m-cm„ kl-I-c-W-Øn\pw Ct∏mƒ D≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ sa®-s∏´ Hcp A¥m-cm„ kwhn-[m\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvI-cWw ssIImcywsNøp-∂-Xn\v CXv IqSntb Xocq. D]mw-K-Xz-am-IWw CXns‚ apJ-ap-Z.149 ]ptcm-K-a-\hpw kl-I-c-Whpw km[y-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-ß-tfmSv hnt[-bXzw ]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m\w D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sFIy-cm„kwL-S-\-bpsS ]am-W-tc-J-bn¬ ]d-™n- p-≈-Xp-t]m-se,kZm-Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c_‘Øn\pw cm„o-b-hpw kºZvhyh-ÿbpw s]mXp-P-\-ta-J-ebpw XΩn-ep≈ _-‘Øn\pw A\p-tbm-P y-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m\amWv D≠m-tI-≠-Xv.


52


A≤ymbw Bdv

P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\hpwkmt¶-XnIhnZybpw

68. P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\w BXy-¥n-I-ambn hy‡n-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-tØmSv _‘-s∏- -XmWv. Hmtcmhy‡nbpw kz`m-h-Øm¬Øs∂ kz¥w hnI-k-\-Øn¬ X-Xv]-c-\mWv. hnI-k\w F∂Xv tIhewkzm`m-hnI kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpsS e-a√. ImcWw \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw kzX-¥hpw DØ-c-hm-ZnØ]q¿Æ-hp-amb sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \S-Øm-\m-hp-sa-∂XpXs∂. AXp- \-ΩpsS Nm]-ey-ß-sf Bi-bn-°p∂H∂√Xm\pw. ImcWw \ap°dnbmhp-∂-Xp-t]mse \mamcpw kzbw- q-h-√. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw HmtcmZm\-ß-fm-Wv. \ΩpsS kØbpw AXns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-amWv \ΩpsS kzmX-¥y-Øn\p cq]w \evIp-∂-Xn¬ Bg-amb ]¶v hln-°p-∂Xv. Bcpw kz¥w a\x-km-£nsb Xs‚ CjvSwt]mse cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n√. ]ns∂tbm \mw \Ωp-sS -kz¥w ""Fs∂'' \ap°p \evI-s∏- ncn-°p∂ "kzXz'Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿ \ΩpsS \nb-¥-W-Øn\v A∏p-d-am-sW∂p amX-a√;\mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kz¥w \nb-¥-W-Øn-\-∏p-d-Øm-Wv. Xm\mbn-Øo-cp-∂-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØwBsc-¶nepw kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B hy‡n-bpsS hnI-k\w ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv. kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS "A¤p-X-ß-fn-eqsS' kzbw ]p\xkrjvSn-°m-sa∂p am\-h-Ipew Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶n¬; AXv kº-Øns‚ "A¤p-X-ßƒ'sIm≠v AXn-kzm- m-hn-Ihpw D]-t`m-K-]-c-hp-amb hf¿®\ne-\n¿Øm-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xpt]m-se-bm-Wv. Ch kmº-ØnIhnI-k-\sØ hn\m-i-I-c-amb Zpc-¥-Øn-te-°v \n]-Xn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\w hgn-sX-‰n-°p-I-bmhpw sNøpI. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ "t]man-Øo-b≥' Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ Bcp-sSbpw tIhew HuZm-cy-a-√m-ØXpw, A-¥¿eo-\-amb \∑-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-Øm¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ am-\-hn-I-hp-amb kzmX-¥y-Øn\pth≠n-bp≈ \-Ωp-sS kvt\l-sØ \mw i‡-am-t°-≠-Xp≠v. CXn-\mbn Hm-tcm hy-‡nbpw ssZhw \ΩpsSlrZ-b-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≈ kzm`m-hnI [m¿-ΩnI-\nb-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\]am-W-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ kzbw ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp≠v.

69. C°m-e-sØ- hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ sh√p-hnfn, Poh-im-kvX-ta-J-e-bn¬ t]mep-ap≈ kzm[o\waqewkm-t¶-XnI-]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-ambn Gsd _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy hy‡nkzmX-¥yhpw kzbw\n¿Æ-b-hp-ambn, hfsc i‡-amb Hcp am\-hnI bmYm¿∞y-amWv F∂v Dd-∏n®p ]d-tb-≠-Xp≠v.kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn¬ Bflm-hn\v ]Zm¿∞-Øns‚taep≈ A[o-i-Xzw ]I-S-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Dd-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ""krjvSn-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘-\-Øn¬-\n∂pw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ kzX-¥-am-Ip∂ a\p-jym-flmhv AXn-s‚ kjvSm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-bn-te°pw Bcm-[-\-bn-te°pw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.''150 ]Zm¿-∞-ß-fpsStaep≈ B[n-]Xyw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\pw A]-ISkm[y-X-Iƒ Ipd-bv-°p-hm\pw tPmen ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw PohnXkm-l-Ncyw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw kmt¶-XnIhnZy \sΩ ]m]vX-cm-°p∂p. a\p-jy-]-b-Xv\-Øns‚ ssZh-hn-fn-bpsS lrZ-b-sØ-bmWv AXp kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv. kz¥w ssh -h-Øns‚ t\ -amb kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bn¬, a\p-jy≥ kzbwXncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw kz¥w am\-hn-IX cq]-s∏SpØp-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. a\p-jy-]-hr-Øn-bpsS hkvXp-\njvTamb hi-amWv kmt¶-XnIhnZy.151 F-∂m¬ AXns‚ D¤-hhpw \ne-\n-ev]n\v Imc-W-hp-ambhihpw hy‡n-\n-jvT-amWv. sXmgn-emfn Xs∂-bmWv. C°m-cW-Øm¬ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy Hcn-°epwtIh-ew kmt¶-Xn-I-⁄m\w amX-a√. a\p-jy-s\bpw Ah-s‚ hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ Xzc-sbbpw AXpshfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. `uXnI ]cn-an-Xn-Isf kmh-Imiw XcWwsN-øm≥ Ahs\ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ B¥-cnI kwL¿-j-sØ CXv Bhn-jv°-cn-°p∂p. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬, km-t¶-XnIhnZy, Irjn-sN-øm\pw]cn-]m-en-°p-hm-\p-ambn `qan-sb a\p-jy\v G¬∏n-®p-sIm-SpØ ssZh-Øns‚ Iev]-\-tbm-Sp≈ ]Xyp-Ø-c-amWv (DXv]. 2:15). AXv ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-]-c-amb kvt\lsØ ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ DS-º-Snsb, a\p-jy-hy-‡n-Ifpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ DS-º-Snsb i‡-am-°p-∂Xm-IWw.

70. kmt¶-XnIhnI-k\w, a\p-jy-]-b-Xv\-ßƒ°p ]n∂n-ep≈ "Fßs\' kw_-‘n® tNmZy-ßƒ°pIqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-Ibpw, "F¥p-sIm≠v' kw_-‘n® tNmZy-ßƒ°p th≠X ]m[m\ywsImSp-°msX hcn-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy- kzbw ]cym-]vX-am-sW∂ Bibw hfcmw.C-°m-c-W-Øm¬ kmt¶-XnIhnZy Cc- -kz- mhw D≈-Xmhpw. hy‡n-kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ambn,

53


a\p-jys‚ k¿§-ti-jn-bn¬ ]nd∂ kmt¶-XnIhnZy, hkvXp-°-fn¬ A¥¿eo-\-amb ]cn-an-Xn-IsfC√m-Xm-°p∂ kºq¿Æ kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°m-c-ambn a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. BtKm-fhXvI-c-W-]-Inb BZ¿i-ßsf kmt¶-Xn-Ihn-Zybv°p hgn-am-‰p∂p.152 Aß-s\ AXv Hcp BZ¿-ii‡n-bmbn cq]w sIm≈p-Ibpw, AXn-eqsS, D◊-sbbpw kXy-sØbpw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬-\n∂pw \sΩXS-bpIbpw sNøp∂ H∂m-Ip-sa∂v ojWn Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXp-kw- -hn-®m¬, \mw \ΩpsSPohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ßsf, Adn-bp-Ibpw LS-\m-]-c-ambn \mw `mK-am-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ Hcp km-t¶-XnIkmwkvIm-cnIImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNtø≠-Xp-≠v. CXp-hgn \mw \ΩpsS krjvSn-b-√mØ A¿-∞-sØ Hcn-°epw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmØ ÿnXn-bn-em-hp-IbpwsNøp∂p. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ ""kmt¶-XnI'' hnizZ¿i\w, Ct∏mƒ Gsd ]_-e-am-hp-Ibpw AXn-eqsS km[yam-b-Xp-ambn tN¿∂p t]m-Ip-∂-XmWv kXyw F∂p hcn-Ibpw sNøp∂p.kXy-Øns‚ GI-am-\-ZWvUw ê-Zm-b-I-Xzhpw ]tbm-P-\-hp-ambn amdp-tºmƒ, hnI-k\w kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv.

bYm¿∞hnI-k\w ]mY-an-I-ambn "]hrØn' A√. kmt¶-XnImSn-Ø-d-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw, am\p-jnI-]hrØn-I-fpsS am\p-jnI A¿∞w, hy‡n-bpsS kØ-bpsS BI-am\ A¿∞-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw km[n-°p∂ Hcp a\- mWv hnI-k-\-Øn-te-°p≈ Xmt°m¬. D]-K-l-ß-fn-eq-sStbm, hnZqc Ce-IvtSm-WnIv Bth-K-ß-fn-eq-sStbm \mw ]h¿Øn-°p-tºmgpw \ΩpsS]hrØn-Iƒ \ΩpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnØ]q¿Æ-amb kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚ Bhn-jv°m-c-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p.kmt¶-XnI hnZy Gsd BI¿j-I-amWv ImcWw AXp \Ωp-sS ùXnI]cn-an-Xn-I-fn¬\n∂pw \sΩ]pdØp sIm-≠p-h-cn-Ibpw \ΩpsS NI-hm-f-ßsf hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øß-fpsS ê-am-bp-≈ Xocp-am-\-ß-fn-eqsS kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS A`n-\nth-i-ß-tfmSv ]Xn-I-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv a\p-jy-kzm-X¥yw bmYm¿-∞y-am-Ip-∂Xv. AXp-sIm≠v km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS [m¿Ωn-Ihpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø]q¿Æ-hp-amb D]-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cn-io-e\w AXym-h-iy-amWv. kmt¶-XnIhnZy Npa-Øp∂ A`n-\n-th-i-ßƒ°pa∏pdw IS∂v, kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚ bYm¿∞ A¿-∞w \mwA\p- -hn-°Ww. AXm-Is´ kºq¿-Æ kzbw-\n¿Æ-b-tØm-Sp≈ Hcp el-cn-b√, \ΩpsS kz-¥wkØ-bn¬ XpS°wIpdn®v, BXy-¥nI kØ-bn-te-°p≈ hnfn-bv°p≈ ]Xyp-Ø-c-amWv.

71. `Z-amb am\-hnIXØzß-fn¬\n∂pw, kmt¶-XnI at\m- m-h-Øn\v D≠m-°m-\m-hp∂ Cu A]-`wiw hnI-k\, kam-[m\taJ-e-I-fnse GXm\pw kmt¶-Xn-I-]-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ ]I-S-am-bn- p≠v. P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\sØ, an°-hmdpw kmº-ØnI Ib-hn-I-b-Øn-s‚bpw hn]-Wn-bpsS kzX-¥-am-°-en-s‚bpw \n-Ip-Xn- d±m-°-en-s‚tbm DXv-]m-Z-\-Ønse apX¬ap-S-°n-s‚tbm Hcp hnj-b-ambpw, kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpsS ]cn-jv°-cW]iv\-ambpw IW-°m-°m-dp≠v. a‰phm-°pI-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, tIhew Hcpkmt¶-Xn-I-]-iv\w. Cu LS-I-ß-sf√mw kp]-[m-\-ß-fmWv. F¶n-epw km-t¶-XnIkwhn-[m-\-ßƒFt¥ kΩn-i- -e-ßƒ D≠m-°p∂p F∂v \mw kzbw tNmZn-t°≠-Xp≠v. AXns‚ Imc-W-sØ-°p-dn®pw Kuc-h-X-c-amb Nn¥ D≠m-hWw. bm¥n-Itam, hy‡n-]-c-a-√mØtXm Bb i‡n-IfneqsS,Ah hn]-Wn-bn¬\n∂pw Db-cp-∂tXm A¥¿tZinb cmjvSo-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip-∂tXm BIs´,]q¿Æ-amb hnI-k\w Dd-∏m-°m-\m-hn√. \oXn-t_m-[-ap≈ a\p-jy¿ C√msX, s]mXp\∑-bpsS Bh-iy-ß-tfmSv icn-bmb t_m[y-ap≈ a\x-km-£n-bp≈ ]Ww CS-]m-Sp-Imcpw cmjvSo-b-°mcpw C√msXhnI-k\w Akm-[y-atX. sXmgn¬]-c-amb sshZ-Kv[yhpw [m¿ΩnI Dd-∏pw D≠m-hWw. F∂m-¬kmt¶-XnIhnZy F√mw Iog-S-°n-bm¬ e£y-ßfpw am¿§-ßfpw XΩn¬ Bi-b-°p-g∏w D≠m-hp-I-bmhpw êw. AXm-bXv Hcp _nkn-\- ns‚ GI e£yw ]c-am-h[n em -ap-≠m-°p-I-bm-sW-∂pwcmjvSo-b-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ A[n-Im-cw ssIb-S-°¬ amX-am-sW∂pw imkvX-X-e-Øn¬, AXv Kth-j-W- -e-ß-fm-sW∂pw hcpw. kmº-Øn-Ihpw ]W-]-chpw cmjvSob-hp-amb ]c-kv]c_‘-Øns‚k¶o¿-Æ-X-I-fpsS ASn-bn¬ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw t¢i-ßfpw A\o-Xn-bpw D≠v. kmt¶-XnI Adn-hp-I-fpsS h¿≤\ ]tbm-P\w D≠m-°p-∂Xv AXp-≈-h¿°p am-X-amWv. AXns‚ \ng-en¬ kaq-l-Ønse ASn-Ø-ń¬ Ign-bp-∂-h-cpsS \ne am‰-an-√msX XpS-cp∂p. A-h¿-°p hntam-N-\-Øn-\p≈km[y-X-Iƒ hfsc hnc-f-amWv.

72. kam-[m\wt]mepw Hcp kmt¶-Xn-I- Dev]-∂-ambn, k¿°m-cp-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ Icm-dp-I-fp-sStbmê-]-Z-amb kmº-ØnIklmbw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DZy-a-ß-fp-sStbm t\ -ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sm-hp∂ A]-I-S-ap≠v. kam-[m\ÿm]-\-Øn\v \b-X-¥-_-‘-ß-fp-sSbpw, kmº-ØnI, kmt¶-XnI,kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-ß-fp-sSbpw s]m-Xp]cn-]m-Sn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Icm-dp-I-fp-sSbpw \nkvX-µ-amb]c-kv]c_-‘w A\n-hm-cy-amWv. AXp-t]mse-Xs∂ ssk-\nIkwL¿jßƒ \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xn\pwXoh-hm-Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-ßƒ thtcmsS ]ngpXp If-bp-∂-Xn\pw CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. F∂m¬

P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw kmt¶-XnIhnZybpw

54


Cu kwcw- -ßƒ ÿm-bn-bm-b - ew D≠m-°-W-sa-¶n¬ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kXy-Øns‚aqey-ß-fn¬ ASn-Ø-d-bn- Xm-IWw. AXm-bXv, ]iv\-_m-[n-X-cmb P\-ß-fpsS i_vZw tIƒ°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS kml-N-cyßƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXmte Ah-cpsS ]Xo-£-Iƒicn-bmbn hym-Jym-\n-°-s∏-Sm-\mhq. P\-ßsf H∂n®p sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\pw kvt\l-Ønepw ]c-kv]c[mc-W-bnepw ASn-Ø-d-bn´ hnI-k\w km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bg-amb ]Xn-_-≤-X-tbmsS bXv\n-°p∂ [mcmfw hy‡n-I-fpsS A⁄m-X-amb bXv\-ß-fp-ambn \mw \nc-tN-cWw. Ah-cn¬ hnI-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw kºq¿Æ am\-h-am\w Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ alm-Zu-Xy-Øn¬hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ ssIkvXhhnizm-kn-I-fpw D≠v.

73. kmaqlykº¿°am[y-a-ß-fpsS h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hym]-I-amb km∂n-[yhpw, kmt¶-XnI hnI-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- -XmWv. AXn-√msX, am\-h-Ip-Spw_-Øns‚ -Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v C∂pNn¥n-°mt\ km[n-°pIbn√. KpW-Ønt\m tZmj-Ønt\m Bhs´ C∂sØ Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ahn-`m-P y- m-K-am-WXv. Ah \njv-]-£-am-sW∂pw X∑qew a\p-jy-cpsS [m¿ΩnI]cn-K-W-\-Isf _m[n-°n-s√∂pw Icp-Xp-∂Xv A_≤-amhpw. am[y-a-ß-fpsS kmt¶-Xn-I-kz- m-hsØ I¿°-i-ambn Dd-∏n®p]d-bp∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ, hn]-Wnsb Iog-S-°p-hm-\p≈ kmº-ØnI Xmev]-cy-ßƒ°p Ah hn-t[-b-am-Ip-∂-Xn-s\bpw, BZ¿i-]-chpw, cmjvSo-bhpw Bb ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I- am-Xr-I-Iƒ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ia-ß-sfbpw, ^e-]-Z-ambn XpW-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. bmYm¿∞ytØmSpwa\p-jy-hy-‡n-tbm-Sp-ap≈ at\m- m-h-ß-fn¬ am‰w D≠m-°p-∂-Xn¬ am[y-a-ßƒ°p≈ auen-I-amb ]m[m-\y-sØ IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, Ah-bpsS kzm[o-\-sØ-°p-dn®v, ]tXy-In®pw BtKmfhXvI-c-W-Øn-s‚-bpw sF-Iy-Zm¿Vy-tØm-sS-bp≈ P\-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw [m¿ΩnI kmwkv°m-cnIam\sØ ]cp-h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-ep≈ ]¶n-s\-°p-dn®v \mw i≤m-]q¿hw Nn-¥n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. BtKmf-hXvI-c-W-tØmSpw, hnI-k-\-tØm-Sp-ap≈ [m¿ΩnIImgvN-∏m-Sn\v th≠-sX-s¥-∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w \c-hwi-imkvX-]-c-amb Im-gvN-∏m-Sn¬, am[y-a-ß-fpsS A¿∞-hpw e£yhpw F-¥m-bn-cn-°WwF∂pw ImtW-≠-Xp≠v. CXn-\¿∞w Ahbv°p kwkvImcw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠-∂m-Wv. kmt¶-XnIhnI-k\w aqew hnh-c-ßƒ ]k-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah-bv°p-≠m-b km[y-X-I-fpsSh¿≤\ hgn amX-a-√Xv. ]ns∂tbm hy-‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw s]mXp\∑-sb-°p-dn®pw D≈ kXy-k-‘-amb [m¿Ωn-I-aq-ey-ßƒ ]Xn-_nw-_n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah k÷-am-b-Xp-sIm≠pIqSn-bp-amWv.kmaqlykº¿-°am[y-a-ßƒ ]c-kv]c_‘-Øn\pw Bi-b-ß-fpsS ]k-c-W-Øn\pw D≈ km[y-X-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂XpsIm-≠p-amXw, Ah-aqew kzmX¥yw h¿≤-am-\-am-Ip-∂p-sh-t∂m hnI-k-\hpwP\m-[n-]-Xyhpw F√m-h¿°p-ambn A¥¿tZ-iob-h-Xv°-cn-°p∂p F-t∂m A¿∞-an√. CØcw e£y-ßƒ ssIh-cn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw A¥ v Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿ i≤n-°Ww; Ah hy‡-ambpw D]-hn-bn¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw kXy-Øn-s‚bpw\∑-bp-sSbpw tkh-\-Øn-ep-≈Xpw kzm`m-hn-Ihpw AXn-kzm- m-hn-I-hp-amb kmtlm-Z-cysØ hf¿-Øp-∂-Xn\p e£yw h®p-≈XpamIWw. a\p-jy-kzm-X¥yw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Cu D∂X aqey-ß-fp-ambnB-¥-cn-I-ambn _‘-s∏- -XmWv. \oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ s]mXpAt\z-j-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ km¿h-XnI]¶m-fn-Ø-sØ i‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\v, am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ Iq- m-bvabpw kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-a-t\m- mhhpwhf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ kp]-[m\ ]¶phln-°p-hm≥ am[y-a-ßƒ-°m-hpw.

74. kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS ]c-am-[n-]-Xyhpw a\p-jys‚ [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw XΩn-ep≈ kmw-kvIm-cnI-t]mcm- -Øns‚ kp]-[m-\-amb cW- q-an-bm-bn- p≠v ssPh-[m¿Ωn-I-X-bpsS (Bio Ethics)Xew. AhnsS ka-K- am-\-h-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ tIhe km[yX Xs∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn tNmZywsNø-s∏-Sp∂p. Cu kp]-[m-\hpw \n¿Æm-b-I-hp-amb taJ-e-bn¬ i‡-ambn Db-cp∂ auen-I-ambtNmZy-ap≠v: "a\p-jy≥ A-hs‚ ]hrØn-I-fpsS amXw Dev]-∂-amtWm,' AtXm ssZh-Øn¬ B-i-bn-°p-∂-h-\mtWm? Cu taJ-e-bnse imkvXob I-≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßfpw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bv°v CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ km[y-X-Ifpw, c≠pXcw hmZ-ß-fn¬ H∂p sXc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-Xcm°p∂p:AXn- u-Xn-I-X-bn-te°p Xpd-hn-bp≈ bp‡nbpw F√mw P∑-kn-≤-sa∂ AS™ Nn¥m-co-Xnbpw;c≠n¬ H∂v F∂ hy‡-amb km[y-X-bmWv \ap-°p-≈-Xv. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS kzbw tIµo-Ir-X-amb D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ \ne-]mSv, A¿∞-sØbpw aqey-sØbpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ bp‡n°p\nc-°m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v sXfn-bp∂p. C√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v D◊-bpw bmZr-—n-I-X-bn¬\n∂pw _p≤nbpw Fßs\D≠mbn153 F∂ tNmZyw AXn- u-XnIbmYm¿∞y-Øn\p apºn¬ hmXn-e-S-bv-°p-∂-hsc DØ-c-an-√m-Ø-h-cm-°p-∂Xv tIhew BIkv-anIamb H∂√. Cu \mS-Iob tNmZy-ßƒ°p apºn¬ hnizm-khpw bp-‡nbpw ]c-kv]cklm-b-Øn-s\-ØWw. Ah-bv-s°m-∂nt® a\p-jys\ c£n-°m-\mhq. kmt¶-XnI-hnZy-bn-ep≈ ]q¿Æ Bi-b-Xz-Øm¬ tamln-∏n-°-s∏´v, hn-izm-k-an-√mØ bp‡n, AXns‚


55


k¿hi‡nsb-°p-dn-®p≈- Ab-Ym¿∞ ⁄m-\-Øn¬ sRcpßn \oßp-hm≥ hn[n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p.bp‡n-bn-√mØ hnizm-k-am-Is´ A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬-\n∂pw AI-‰-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ A]-I-S-Øn-epamWv.154

75. kmaq-ly-]-iv\-Øns‚ BtKm-f-am-\-sØ-°p-dn®v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw AXn-te-°p i≤-£-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.155 At±-lsØ ]n≥-sN∂v kmaqly-]iv\w kaq-e-ambpw Hcp \c-hw-i-im-kvX-]-c-amb ]iv\-am-bn-cn-°p∂p-sh-∂v \mw ÿnco-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ImcWw ssPh kmt¶-XnIX, Pohs\ hen-b- A-fhv a\p-jys‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Poh≥ Fßs\D≠m-Ip∂p F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ AXv Fßs\ hnI-e-am-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂Xv ]iv\-am-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂A¿∞-Øn-em-WnXv. C≥-hotXm s^¿- n-sse-tk-j≥, `qW-K-th-jWw, t¢m¨kv D-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn-\pwam\p-jnI k¶-c-ßƒ D≠m-°m-\p-ap≈ km[yX CsX√mw Pohs‚ D¤hw Xßƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂ [mc-W-bn¬ F√m cl-kyhpw X-ßƒ-°p Iog-S-ßn-°-gn™p F∂p Icp-Xp∂ BsIC∂-sØ hnI-e-amb kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ Bhn¿`hn-°p-Ibpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS A[o-i-Xz-Øns‚ G‰hpw hy‡-amb DZm-l-cWw \man-hnsS ImWp-∂p. CØcwkw-kvIm-c-Øn¬, kmt¶-XnIkm[y-X-Isf IW-°n-se-Sp-°pI amX-amWv a\x-km-£n-bpsS ZuXyw.AXp-sIm-≠v \ΩpsS `mhn°v òjWn Db¿Øp∂ Akz-ÿ-P-\-I-amb A¥-co-£-sØtbm""acWkwkv°m-c-Øn\p'' ssIh-i-ap≈ i‡-amb ]pØ≥ D]-I-c-W-ß-sftbm \mw hne-Ip-d®p ImW-cpXv. K¿ -On-Z-Øn-s‚ hym]-Ihpw AXn-Zm-cp-W-hp-amb ]l-c-Øn-s\m∏w Nn -tbm-sS-bp≈, _oP-Kp-tWm¬°¿j_‘n-bmbn Iao-I-cn® P\-\-ßfpw - mhn-bn¬ \ap°v t\cn-tS-≠n-hcpw. A√, cl-ky-ambn Ah Ct∏mƒØs∂ \ne-hn-ep≠v. Zriy-Øns‚ at‰ A‰Øv, Zbm-h-[-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambHcp at\m- mhw i‡-am-hp-Ibpw Nne kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Pohn-X-tbm-Ky-a-s√∂p Icp-Xp∂ Pohs‚ta¬ A]m-b-I-c-amb \nb-¥Ww Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sN-øp∂p. Cu Zriy-ßƒ°p ]n∂n-ep-≈Xv, a\p-jys‚ A-¥- v am\n-°mØ kmwkvIm-cnI ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fmWv. Cu ]h-W-X-I-fm-I-s´, a\p-jy-Po-h-s\-°p-dn®v tIhew ùXn-Ihpw bm¥n-I-hp-amb Hcp [mcW hf¿Øp-∂p. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ CØcwat\m- m-h-ß-fpsS \ntj-[m-flI- e-ßƒ B¿°mWv Xn -s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hpI? a\p-jy-\p hnebnSn-°p∂AØcw kml-N-cy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ \nkw-KX am\p-jn-Iamb-hbpw A√m-Ø-hbp-am-b-h-tbm-Sp≈ \ΩpsSat\m- m-h-sØbpw kzm-[o\n-°p-tºmƒ F-ß-s\-bmWv Ah \sΩ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. BZcm¿l-sa∂v \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v C∂v apt∂m´phbv°-s∏-Sp∂ kzm¿∞hpw khn-ti-j-hp-amb \n¿Æ-b-co-Xn-I-fmWv A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. A]-[m-\-ß-fmb Imcy-ß-fn-emWv Aº-c∏v. F∂m¬ Hcn-°epw]I-S-am-ImØhn[-ap≈ A\o-Xn-ItfmSv s]mcpØ-s∏-Sp∂p. temI-Ønse ]mh-ßƒ kº-∂-cpsShmXn-ep-I-fn¬ apń-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. F-∂m¬ kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bpsS temI-Øn¬ B i_vZw tIƒ-°mt\ km[n-°p-∂n√. ImcWw Ah-cpsS a\x-km-£n°p am\p-jn-I-am-bXp Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂n√. ssZ-hw a\p-jy\v Ah-s\-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. bp‡n-bpw hnizm-khpw ssItIm¿Øp]-h¿-Øn®v, \ap°p ImWm≥ XmXv]cyw Ds≠-¶n¬ amXw \∑ Fs¥∂v \ap°p ImWn-®pXcp∂p.Inbm-flI-bp‡n Gsd Xn-f-ßp∂ kzm`m-hn-I-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \ΩpsS alØzw Gsd shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.F∂m¬ [m¿ΩnI-kXyw a\-kn-em-°p-hm-\p≈ hnfn tIƒ°p-hm≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-tºm-gm-Is´, AXp\ΩpsS Zp¿ -Km-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw ]IS-\-amIpw.

76. ka-Im-eo\ kmt¶-XnIat\m- m-h-Øns‚ Hcp khn-ti-jX, B¥-cnIPohn-X-Øns‚ ]iv\-ß-sfbpw hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw tIhew a\xim-kvX-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ amXtam, kncm-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ cq]m-¥-cam-bn-t∏m-eptam ImWp∂p F∂-XmWv. Cßs\ a\p-jys‚ B¥-cnI`mhØns‚A¿∞w tNm¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂-Xn-\n-S-bm-°p-∂p. Aßs\ kmh-Imiw, hnip-≤¿ tXSn-bn-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈, a\p-jym-flm-hns‚ kØm-]-c-amb Bg-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \ΩpsS [mc-Wbpw \jvS-s∏-Sp∂p.hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]iv\w, ]e-t∏mgpw \mw kzXz-sØ, a\- mbn XcwXmgvØp-Ibpw Bflm-hn-s‚kpÿn-Xnsb sshIm-cnI kpÿn-c-X-bmbn sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂n-S-tØmfw a\p-jym-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W-bp-ambn hfsc ASp-Øp _‘-s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p. B≤ym-flnIPohn-XsØ a\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ ]cm-P-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv Cu A-Xn-e-fn-X-h-Xv°-cWw Bhn¿`hn°p-∂Xv.AXp-sIm≠v B-flob-kz`m-h-ap≈ ]iv\-ß-fpsS ]cn-lm-c-Øn-em-Wv hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw hnI-k\w B-i-bn-°p-∂-sX∂ Imcyw hnkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hn-I-k\w tIhewùXnI]ptcm-K-Xnsb amXw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ aXn-bm-hn√. Bflob-h-f¿®-tbbpw Dƒ-s∏-Sp-ØWw.ImcWw a\p-jy-hy‡n Bflm-hn-s‚bpw icoc-Øn-s‚bpw sFIy-amWv.156 ssZ-h-Øns‚ krjvSn]cambkvt\l-Øn¬\n∂pw P\n-®Xpw \nXy-Poh-\mbn D-t±-in-®p-≈Xpw BWv. a\p-jy-hy‡n ]ptcm-Kan°p-∂Xv Ah≥ Bflm-hn¬ hf-cp-tºm-gmWv; Ahs‚ Bflmhv AXn-s\-bpw, ssZhw AXn¬ \nt£-


56


]n-®n- p-≈ kXy-ß-sf-bpw Adn-bp-tºm-gmWv; Xt∂m-Spw Xs‚ kjvSm-hn-t\m-Spw kwhm-Z-Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-tºm-gmWv. a\p-jy≥ ssZ-h-Øn¬\n∂pw AIse Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ A-kz-ÿ\pw Aim-¥-\p-amWv. kº∂kaq-l-ß-fpsS `mK-amb \nc-h[n \mUotcmK-ßfpw kmaqly, a\x-imkvXAI¬®-Ifpw D≠m-Ip-∂Xv mKn-I-ambn Bflob Imc-W-ßƒ aqe-amWv. uXn-I-ambn GsdhnI-kn® Hcp kaqlw, Bflo-b-ambn ]n∂n-em-sW-¶n¬ AXp bYm¿∞hnI-k-\-Øn\v A\p-tbm-P y-amb ÿnXn-bn-e√. ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-I-tfm-Sp≈ ASn-a-Ø-Øns‚ ]pØ≥ cq]-ßƒ, \nc-h-[n-bm-fp-Iƒ \n-]-Xn-°p∂ ]Xym-i-bn-√m-bva-bpsS Ahÿ XpS-ßn-bh kmaq-ly-amtbm a\x-im-kvX-]-c-amtbmamXw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm-\m-In√, ]ns∂-tbm Ah-iy-ambn Bflob ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-am-IWw. icoc-Øn\pw a\- n-\p-ap≈ FÆ-a‰ "sXdm∏n-I-fpsS,' e`y-X-bnepw Bflmhv Dt]-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-aqewD≠m-Ip∂ iq\yX kl-\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip∂p. a\p-jysc A-h-cpsS Bflm-hn-s‚bpw icoc-Øn-s‚bpw kmI-ey-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn®v Ah-cpsS Bflobhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb t£aw IW-°n-se-Sp-°msXka-K-amb hnI-k-\tam km¿h-Xn-I-amb s]m-Xp-\∑tbm km[y-am-hn√.

77. ]Zm¿∞-]-c-ambn hniZoI-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°mØ H∂n-s\bpw AwKoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂pwkm-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS A[o-iXzw a\p-jysc XS-bp∂p. F∂m¬ Pohs‚, ]Zm¿∞-]-c-a-√m-ØXpwBflo-b-hp-amb [mcmfw am\-ßƒ F√m-hcpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂p-ap≠v. Adn-bpI F∂Xv tIhew]Zm¿∞-]-c-amb Hcp ]hrØn A√. ImcWw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp Ft∏mgpw A\p- -h-kn-≤-ambhnh-c-ßƒ°v A-∏p-d-ap≈ Fs¥m-s°tbm Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p≠v. \ΩpsS F√m Adnhpw AXv FXefn-X-am-bn-s°m-≈-s´, Ft∏mgpw Hcp A¤p-X-amWv. ImcWw \mw A-Xn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ uXn-I-amb D]-I-c-W-ßƒsIm≠v Ah-bn¬ H∂n-s\bpw ]q¿Æ-ambn hym-Jym-\n-°m-\m-hn√. F√m kXy-Ønepw \mw Icp-Xn-b-Xn-s\-°mƒ IqSp-X-ep-≠v. \mw kzoI-cn-°p∂ kvt\l-Øn¬Xs∂ -F-t∏mgpw\sΩ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp LS-I-ap≠v. Chsb A¤p-Xm-Z-c-ß-tfmsS ho£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw\mw ]n∑m-dn-°q-Sm. F√m Adn-hnepw kvt\l-]-hr-Øn-bnepw a\p-jym-flmhv ""F√m-‰n\pw D]-cn-bmbn''Hcp Zm\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-setbm Hcp∂-X-Xe-Øn-te°pb¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-setbm, Ft¥mH∂v A\p- -hn-°p∂p. hnI-k\w bYm¿∞am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \mw Icp-Xp∂ Bflob-Xew D≈-t∏mƒ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw P\-X-I-fp-sSbpw hnI-k\w D∂-X-X-e-Øn¬ ]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.am\p-jnIkw -h-ß-fpsS uXn-I-am-\-Øn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v Db-cm\pw, hnI-k-\-Øn¬ km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybv°p\¬Im-\m-ImØ ""AXo-X-amb'' ImgvN A\p- -hn-°p-hm\pw ]pXnb IÆpw lrZ-bhpw thWw. Cu]mX-bn-eqsS k©-cn-®m¬, kXy-Øn-ep≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ i‡nbpw kzm[o-\hpw Dƒs°m≠v ka-K-am-\hhnI-k-\sØ ]n≥sN-√pI km[y-amIpw.


57


D]-kw-lmcw

78. ssZh-sØ-Iq-SmsX GXp hgn°p \oß-W-sa-∂dn-bmt\m Xm\m-cm-sW-∂p a\- n-em-°mt\mt]mepwa\p-jy-\p Ign-bn-√. P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn kw_-‘n®v ]e-t∏m-gpw \sΩ A-[o-c-cm-°p∂ `oa-amb]iv\-ßƒ-°p apºn¬, ""Fs∂-°q-SmsX \nßƒ°v H∂pw sN-øm≥ Ign-bn√'' (tbm-l. 15:5) F∂p\sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ""bpKm-¥yw-hsc Rm≥ \nß-tfm-Sp-IqsS F∂p-ap-≠mhp-w'' (a-Øm. 28:20) F∂pXpS¿∂p \sΩ ss[-cy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ I¿-Øm-hmb tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬\mw km¥z\w Is≠-Øp-∂p. sNbvXp-Xo¿°m-\p≈ tPmen-bpsS Af-hn-s\-°pdn®p Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ,\oXn-°p-th≠n ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Xs‚ \ma-Øn¬ H∂n-®p-Iq-Sp-∂-h-tcm-Sp-IqSn ssZh-ap-≠m-Ipw F∂hnizmkw \ap°p Xmßm-Ip-∂p. B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp am\-hn-IX Xs∂-Øm≥ krjvSn-°m≥ a\p-jy\p Ign-hn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬, Ah\p kz¥w ]ptcm-KXn kzbw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√-∂p ""P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn''bn¬ t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ ]d-™n-cp-∂p. hy‡n-]-chpw kmaqlnIhp-amb Xe-ß-fn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ ]pXo-]p-X-∑m-cmbn, Ahn-SpsØ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ `mKw F∂ \nebv°v \ap-°p≈ hnfn-sb-°p-dn®v \mw t_m[-ap-≈-h-cm-sb-¶n-te, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ka-K-amb Hcp am\-hn-I-X-bpsS tkh-\-Øn-\p≈ ]pXnb Z¿i\w krjvSn-°m\pw ]pXnb Du¿-÷w kam¿Pn-°m\pw \ap°pIgn-bq. At∏mƒ, kvt\-l-sØbpw kXy-sØbpw ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ im-izX kΩm-\-ambn kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v kvt\lw D±o-]n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw kXy-Øn¬-\n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp ssIkvXham\-hn-I-X157-bmWv hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ G‰hpw al-Ømb tkh-\w. ssZ-h-tØm-Sp≈ Xpdhn \sΩktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-tcmSpw sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øns‚ ssNX-\y-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-t°≠ B\-µ-I-c-amb ZuXy-ambn Pohn-XsØ ImWp-∂-Xn-t\mSpw Xpd-hn-bp-≈-h-cm-°pw. adp-h-i-Øv, kjvSm-hns\ad-°p-∂Xpw AX-tØm-fw-Xs∂ am\p-jn-I-aq-ey-ßƒ ad-°m≥ CS-bp-≈-Xp-amb ]Xy-b-im-kvX-]-c-amb ssZh-\n-tj-[hpw \n w-K-X-bp-tS-Xmb \nco-iz-c-Xzhpw C∂-sØ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ apJy XS- -ß-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. ssZhsØ Hgn-hm-°p∂ am\-hn-IX a\p-jy-Xz-an-√mØ am\-hn-I-X-bm-Wv. ss\-an-jnI ^mj-\p-I-fm¬ Ipg-∏-Øn¬ NmSm-\p≈ km[y-X-bn-te°p \sΩ sIm≠p-sN-√msX kmaq-ln-I--]u-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ cq]-ßƒ- L-S-\-Iƒ, ÿm]-\-ßƒ, kwkvImcw, BNm-c-hn-Nm-cw F∂nh-sI- n-

∏-Sp-°m\pw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m\pw \-ap-°p am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\v, ]c-a-am-b-Xn-te°p Xpd-∂n-cn-°p∂ Hcp am\-hn-I-Xbv°p amXta Ign-bq. a\p-jys‚ Imcy-ßƒ \oXn-\n-jvT-ambn Iah-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ HSp-ßmØ ia-Øn¬, Pbm-]-P-b-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬, \oXn-°pw P\-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ \-ΩpsS ZpjvI-chpw DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amb ]cn-i-a-ß-fn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ \ne°m-Ø- kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w \sΩ \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂p. ]cn-an-Xhpw £Wn-I-hp-am-b-Xn-\-∏p-d-tØ°p\oßp-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw \sΩ £-Wn-°p∂p; F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]tbm-P-\-Øn-\mbn tXSp-Ibpw ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°m-\p≈ ss[cyw A-Xp \ap°p ]Zm\w sNøp∂p CXp s]-s -∂p t\Sm-\m-bn-s√-∂pw cm-jvSo-bm-[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSpw kmº-Øn-I-cw-KØp ]h¿Øn-°p-

∂-h-tcm-Sp-samØv \ap°p t\Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xp \mw ]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ipd-hm-sW-∂pw h-∂m¬-t]m-epw.158 ssZhw \ΩpsS ka-kvXhpw \Ωp-sS al-Ømb ]Xym-i-bp-am-b-Xn-\m¬, s]mXp-\-∑-bv-°mbn s]mcp-Xm\pw kln-°m-\p-ap≈ IcpØv Ahn-Sp-∂p \ap°p Xcp-∂p.

79. ]m¿∞-\m-]q¿hw ssZh-Øn-¶-te°p Ic-ß-fp-b¿Ønb ssIkvX-hsc hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-ap-≠v. GsXm-∂n¬\n∂v B[n-Im-cnI hnI-k\w apf-s]m- ptam B kXy-Øn-ep≈ kvt\lw, \mwkrjvSn-°p-∂-X-s√∂pw \ap°p \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw Adn-bp∂ ssIkvX-hsc hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-ap-≠v. C°m-c-W-Øm¬, G‰hpw hnj-a-I-chpw k¶o¿W-hp-amb ka-b-ß-fn¬t∏mepw, F-¥m-Wp kw -hn-°p-∂-sX∂p Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\-∏pdw F-√m-‰n-ep-ap-]cn \mw ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øn-te°p ZrjvSn Xncn-°-Ww. B≤ym-fln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn-ep≈ i-≤, ssZh-Øn-ep≈ Bi-b-Ønt‚-XmbA\p- -h-ßƒ°p \¬-Ip∂ Imcy-amb ]cn-K-W-\, InkvXp-hn-ep≈ B-≤ym-flnI Iq´m-bva, ssZh-Ir-]-bnepw Imcp-Wy-Øn-ep-ap≈ Bi-bw, kvt\lhpw £a-bpw, ]cn-Xym-Kw, a‰p-≈-h¿°p \¬Ip∂AwKo-Im-cw, \oXnbpw kam-[m-\-hpw Ch-sb√mw hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-am-Wv. `qan-bnse PohnXw""ssZhnI''hpw am\p-jn-Ihp-ambn tbmKyhpam-Ipw-hn-[w, ""inem-lr-Z-b-ßƒ'' ""amwk-f-lr-Zb''ßfm-Ip-hm≥ (Fsk. 36:26) CsX√mw Bh-iy-am-Wv. CsX√mw a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®Xv BWv; ImcWw a\p-

58


jy-\mWv Ahs‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ I¿-Ømhv; AtX-k-abw CXv ssZhsØ kw_-‘n-®Xpw B-Wv, ImcWw \∑-bm-bn´pw c£-bn-te°p \bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn´pw D≈ F√m-‰n-s‚bpw BZnbpw A¥yhpwAhn-Sp-∂mWv: ""temIhpw Poh\pw ac-Whpw Ct∏m-gp-≈-hbpw D≠m-Im-\n-cn-°p-∂-hbpw F-√mw \nß-fp-tS-Xp-X-s∂. \nß-fm-Is´ InkvXp-hn-t‚-Xpw InkvXp ssZh-Øn-t‚Xpw'' (1 tImdn. 3:22- 23). a-\p-jy-Ip-Spw_w apgp-h≥ ssZhsØ ""Rß-fpsS ]n-Xmth'' F∂p hnfn-°m≥ ssIkvX-h¿ Zmln-°p-∂p. Xs‚ GI-Pm-X-t\m-sSmØv kIe P\hpw ]nXm-hn-t\mSp ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ ]Tn-°p-I-bpw, tbip-Xs∂ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n® hm°p-I-fn¬, Ahn-SpsØ Xncp-hn-jvS-Øn-\-\p-krXw Pohn®v Ahn-SpsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ir]-bv°mbpw \ap-°m-h-iy-ap≈ A\p-Zn\ Blmcw \ap°p e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw\ΩpsS I-S-°m-tcmSv kl-Xm-]hpw HuZm-cy-hp-ap-≈-h-cm-Im\pw \-Ωp-sS ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-∏pdw ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m\pw ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bn¬\n∂p \mw c£n-°-s∏-Sm\pw Ahn-Sp-tØmSv At]-£n-°p-IbpwsNøs´ (cf. aØm. 6:9˛13).

sk‚vt]mƒ h¿j-Øns‚ kam-]-\-Øn¬, tdm-am-°m¿-°p≈ teJ-\ -Øn¬ At∏m-kvX-e≥ D]-tbm-Kn® hm°p-I-fn¬Øs∂ Rm≥ kt¥mj-]q¿hw Cu ]-Xymi ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p: ""\nß-fpsSkvt\lw \n-jvI-f-¶-am-bn-cn-°-s´. Xn∑sb tZzjn-°p-hn≥; \∑sb apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°p-hn≥. \nßƒAt\ym\yw ktlm-Z-c-Xpeyw kvt\ln-°p-hn≥; ]c-kv]cw _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ap∂n-´p-\n¬°p-hn≥'' (tdm-a. 12:9˛10). t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ k -bpsS amXmhv Bbn ]-Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw ssIkvX-h¿ \oXn-bpsS Z¿∏-W-hpw (Speculum Iustitiae) kam-[m-\-cm-⁄n-bp-ambn hW-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂I\y-Im-a-dnbw \sΩ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ kz¿§ob a[y-ÿ-X-hgn \ap-°p ""apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-t‚bpw F√m a\p-jy-cp-sS-bpw''159 hnI-k\w km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ b⁄-Øn\v D-Z-m-c-ambn kzbwka¿∏n-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb ss[cy-hpw ]Xym-ibpw B\-µhpw t\Sn-Ø-cp-Ibpw sNø-s´.

Fs‚ ss«lnIipiq-j-bpsS A©mw h¿jw, 2009 Pq¨ 29- \p hnip≤ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cmb]-tXm-kn-s‚bpw ]utem-kn-s‚bpw Xncp-\m-fn¬ tdm-an¬, sk‚v ]ot‰-gvkn¬ \¬I-s∏- -Xv.

s_\-UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dm-a≥ am¿]m∏

D]-kw-lmcw

59


NOTES

1. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio (26 March 1967), 22: AAS 59 (1967), 268; SecondVatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes,69.

2. Address for the Day of Development (23 August 1968): AAS 60 (1968), 626-627.3. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 2002 World Day of Peace: AAS 94 (2002),

132-140.4. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

Gaudium et Spes, 26.5. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris (11 April 1963): AAS 55 (1963), 268-270.6. Cf. no. 16: loc. cit., 265.7. Cf. ibid., 82: loc. cit., 297.8. Ibid., 42: loc. cit., 278.9. Ibid., 20: loc. cit., 267.10. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World

Gaudium et Spes, 36; Paul VI, Apostolic Letter Octogesima Adveniens (14 May 1971), 4: AAS 63 (1971), 403-404; John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 43: AAS 83 (1991), 847.

11. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 13: loc. cit., 263-264.12. Cf. Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 76.13. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address at the Inauguration of the Fifth General Conference of the Bishops of Latin America and

the Caribbean (Aparecida, 13 May 2007).14. Cf. nos. 3-5: loc. cit., 258-260.15. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (30 December 1987),

6-7: AAS 80 (1988), 517-519.16. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 14: loc. cit., 264.17. Cf. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est (25 December 2005),

18: AAS 98 (2006), 232.18. Ibid., 6: loc cit., 222.19. Cf. Benedict XVI, Christmas Address to the Roman Curia, 22 December 2005.20. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 3: loc. cit., 515.21. Cf. ibid., 1: loc. cit., 513-514.22. Cf. ibid., 3: loc. cit., 515.23. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens (14 September 1981),

3: AAS 73 (1981), 583-584.24. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 3: loc. cit., 794-796.25. Cf. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 3: loc. cit., 258.26. Cf. ibid., 34: loc. cit., 274.27. Cf. nos. 8-9: AAS 60 (1968), 485-487; Benedict XVI, Address to the participants at the International Congress

promoted by the Pontifical Lateran University on the fortieth anniversary of Paul VI’s Encyclical “Humanae Vitae”, 10May 2008.

28. Cf. Encyclical Letter Evangelium Vitae (25 March 1995), 93: AAS 87 (1995), 507-508.29. Ibid., 101: loc. cit., 516-518.30. No. 29: AAS 68 (1976), 25.31. Ibid., 31: loc. cit., 26.32. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 41: loc. cit., 570-572.

60


33. Cf. ibid.; Id., Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 5, 54: loc. cit., 799, 859-860.34. No. 15: loc. cit., 265.35. Cf. ibid., 2: loc. cit., 258; Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter Rerum Novarum (15 May 1891): Leonis XIII P.M. Acta,

XI, Romae 1892, 97-144; John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 8: loc. cit., 519-520; Id.,Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 5: loc. cit., 799.

36. Cf. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 2, 13: loc. cit., 258, 263-264.37. Ibid., 42: loc. cit., 278.38. Ibid., 11: loc. cit., 262; cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 25: loc. cit., 822-824.39. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 15: loc. cit., 265.40. Ibid., 3: loc. cit., 258.41. Ibid., 6: loc. cit., 260.42. Ibid., 14: loc. cit., 264.43. Ibid.; cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 53-62: loc. cit., 859-867; Id., Encyclical Letter

Redemptor Hominis (4 March 1979), 13-14: AAS 71 (1979), 282-286.44. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 12: loc. cit., 262-263.45. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium

et Spes, 22.46. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 13: loc. cit., 263-264.47. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Participants in the Fourth National Congress of the Church in Italy, Verona, 19

October 2006.48. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 16: loc. cit., 265.49. Ibid.50. Benedict XVI, Address to young people at Barangaroo, Sydney, 17 July 2008.51. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 20: loc. cit., 267.52. Ibid., 66: loc. cit., 289-290.53. Ibid., 21: loc. cit., 267-268.54. Cf. nos. 3, 29, 32: loc. cit., 258, 272, 273.55. Cf. Encyclical Letter, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 28: loc. cit., 548-550.56. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 9: loc. cit., 261-262.57. Cf. Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 20: loc. cit., 536-537.58. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 22-29: loc. cit., 819-830.59. Cf. nos. 23, 33: loc. cit., 268-269, 273-274.60. Cf. loc. cit., 135.61. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium

et Spes, 63.62. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 24: loc. cit., 821-822.63. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor (6 August 1993), 33, 46, 51: AAS 85 (1993), 1160,

1169-1171, 1174-1175; Id., Address to the Assembly of the United Nations, 5 October 1995, 3.64. Cf. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 47: loc. cit., 280-281; John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei

Socialis, 42: loc. cit., 572-574.65. Cf. Benedict XVI, Message for the 2007 World Food Day: AAS 99 (2007), 933-935.66. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Evangelium Vitae, 18, 59, 63-64: loc. cit., 419-421, 467-468, 472-475.67. Cf. Benedict XVI, Message for the 2007 World Day of Peace, 5.68. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 2002 World Day of Peace, 4-7, 12-15: AAS 94 (2002), 134-136, 138-140; Id.,

Message for the 2004 World Day of Peace, 8: AAS 96 (2004), 119; Id., Message for the 2005 World Day of Peace,4: AAS 97 (2005), 177-178; Benedict XVI, Message for the 2006 World Day of Peace, 9-10: AAS 98 (2006),60-61; Id., Message for the 2007 World Day of Peace, 5, 14: loc. cit., 778, 782-783.

69. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 2002 World Day of Peace, 6: loc. cit., 135; Benedict XVI, Message for the 2006World Day of Peace, 9-10: loc. cit., 60-61.

61


70. Cf. Benedict XVI, Homily at Mass, Islinger Feld, Regensburg, 12 September 2006.71. Cf. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est, 1: loc. cit., 217-218.72. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 28: loc. cit., 548-550.73. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 19: loc. cit., 266-267.74. Ibid., 39: loc. cit., 276-277.75. Ibid., 75: loc. cit., 293-294.76. Cf. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est, 28: loc. cit., 238-240.77. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 59: loc. cit., 864.78. Cf. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 40, 85: loc. cit., 277, 298-299.79. Ibid., 13: loc. cit., 263-264.80. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (14 September 1998), 85: AAS 91 (1999), 72-73.81. Cf. ibid., 83: loc. cit., 70-71.82. Benedict XVI, Address at the University of Regensburg, 12 September 2006.83. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 33: loc. cit., 273-274.84. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 2000 World Day of Peace, 15: AAS 92 (2000), 366.85. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 407; cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 25: loc. cit., 822-

824.86. Cf. no. 17: AAS 99 (2007), 1000.87. Cf. ibid., 23: loc. cit., 1004-1005.88. Saint Augustine expounds this teaching in detail in his dialogue on free will (De libero arbitrio, II, 3, 8ff.).

He indicates the existence within the human soul of an “internal sense”. This sense consists in an actthat is fulfilled outside the normal functions of reason, an act that is not the result of reflection, but isalmost instinctive, through which reason, realizing its transient and fallible nature, admits the existenceof something eternal, higher than itself, something absolutely true and certain. The name that SaintAugustine gives to this interior truth is at times the name of God (Confessions X, 24, 35; XII, 25, 35; Delibero arbitrio II, 3, 8), more often that of Christ (De magistro 11:38; Confessions VII, 18, 24; XI, 2, 4).

89. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Deus Caritas Est, 3: loc. cit., 219.90. Cf. no. 49: loc. cit., 281.91. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 28: loc. cit., 827-828.92. Cf. no. 35: loc. cit., 836-838.93. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 38: loc. cit., 565-566.94. No. 44: loc. cit., 279.95. Cf. ibid., 24: loc. cit., 269.96. Cf. Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 36: loc. cit., 838-840.97. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 24: loc. cit., 269.98. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 32: loc. cit., 832-833;

Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 25: loc. cit., 269-270.99. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, 24: loc. cit., 637-638.100. Ibid., 15: loc. cit., 616-618.101. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 27: loc. cit., 271.102. Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation

Libertatis Conscientia (22 March 1987), 74: AAS 79 (1987), 587.103. Cf. John Paul II, Interview published in the Catholic daily newspaper La Croix, 20 August 1997.104. John Paul II, Address to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, 27 April 2001.105. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 17: loc. cit., 265-266.106. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 2003 World Day of Peace, 5: AAS 95 (2003), 343.107. Cf. ibid.108. Cf. Benedict XVI, Message for the 2007 World Day of Peace, 13: loc. cit., 781-782.109. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 65: loc. cit., 289.

62


110. Cf. ibid., 36-37: loc. cit., 275-276.111. Cf. ibid., 37: loc. cit., 275-276.112. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on the Apostolate of Lay People Apostolicam

Actuositatem, 11.113. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 14: loc. cit., 264; John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus

Annus, 32: loc. cit., 832-833.114. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 77: loc. cit., 295.115. John Paul II, Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 6: AAS 82 (1990), 150.116. Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ephesus, c. 535 B.C. - c. 475 B.C.), Fragment 22B124, in H. Diels and W.

Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Weidmann, Berlin, 1952, 6(th) ed.117. Pontifical Council for Justice And Peace, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 451-487.118. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 10: loc. cit., 152-153.119. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 65: loc. cit., 289.120. Benedict XVI, Message for the 2008 World Day of Peace, 7: AAS 100 (2008), 41.121. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization, New York, 18 April

2008.122. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1990 World Day of Peace, 13: loc. cit., 154-155.123. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 36: loc. cit., 838-840.124. Ibid., 38: loc. cit., 840-841; Benedict XVI, Message for the 2007 World Day of Peace, 8: loc. cit., 779.125. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 41: loc. cit., 843-845.126. Cf. ibid.127. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Evangelium Vitae, 20: loc. cit., 422-424.128. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 85: loc. cit., 298-299.129. Cf. John Paul II, Message for the 1998 World Day of Peace, 3: AAS 90 (1998), 150; Address to the Members of

the Vatican Foundation “Centesimus Annus – Pro Pontifice”, 9 May 1998, 2; Address to the Civil Authorities andDiplomatic Corps of Austria, 20 June 1998, 8; Message to the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 5 May2000, 6.

130. According to Saint Thomas “ratio partis contrariatur rationi personae”, In III Sent., d. 5, q. 3, a. 2; also “Homonon ordinatur ad communitatem politicam secundum se totum et secundum omnia sua”, Summa Theologiae I-II, q. 21,a. 4, ad 3.

131. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 1.132. Cf. John Paul II, Address to the Sixth Public Session of the Pontifical Academies of Theology and of Saint Thomas

Aquinas, 8 November 2001, 3.133. Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Declaration on the Unicity and Salvific Universality of

Jesus Christ and the Church Dominus Iesus (6 August 2000), 22: AAS 92 (2000), 763-764; Id., DoctrinalNote on some questions regarding the participation of Catholics in political life (24 November 2002), 8: AAS 96(2004), 369-370.

134. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi, 31: loc. cit., 1010; Address to the Participants in the Fourth NationalCongress of the Church in Italy, Verona, 19 October 2006.

135. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 5: loc. cit., 798-800; Benedict XVI, Address to the Participantsin the Fourth National Congress of the Church in Italy, Verona, 19 October 2006.

136. No. 12.137. Cf. Pius XI, Encyclical Letter Quadragesimo Anno (15 May 1931): AAS 23 (1931), 203; John Paul II,

Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 48: loc. cit., 852-854; Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1883.138. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris, loc. cit., 274.139. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 10, 41: loc. cit., 262, 277-278.140. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to Members of the International Theological Commission,

5 October 2007; Address to the Participants in the International Congress on Natural Moral Law, 12 February2007.

63


141. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Bishops of Thailand on their “Ad Limina” Visit,16 May 2008.

142. Cf. Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Instruction Erga MigrantesCaritas Christi (3 May 2004): AAS 96 (2004), 762-822.

143. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, 8: loc. cit., 594-598.144. Jubilee of Workers, Greeting after Mass, 1 May 2000.145. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus, 36: loc. cit., 838-840.146. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Members of the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization, New

York, 18 April 2008.147. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris, loc. cit., 293; Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace,

Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, 441.148. Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World,

Gaudium et Spes, 82.149. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, 43: loc. cit., 574-575.150. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 41: loc. cit., 277-278; cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical

Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 57.151. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Laborem Exercens, 5: loc. cit., 586-589.152. Cf. Paul VI, Apostolic Letter Octogesima Adveniens, 29: loc. cit., 420.153. Cf. Benedict XVI, Address to the Participants in the Fourth National Congress of the Church in Italy, Verona, 19

October 2006; Id., Homily at Mass, Islinger Feld, Regensburg, 12 September 2006.154. Cf. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on certain bioethical questions Dignitas

Personae (8 September 2008): AAS 100 (2008), 858-887.155. Cf. Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 3: loc. cit., 258.156. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium

et Spes, 14.157. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 42: loc. cit., 278.158. Cf. Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi, 35: loc. cit., 1013-1014.159. Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio, 42: loc. cit., 278.

Sathyathil sneham edited

Documents

Transcript of Sathyathil sneham edited