DIVERSITY OF RIVERBy Group 10NOOR ZAFIRAH BT ABDUL HALIMFATIN AINI MUSIDINURHASNIZA BT JOHARI DEBBIE ANAK SANDIN KAH SHIAU CHING NURSYAREIZA BT AZALI

OUTLINE INTRODUCTION OF DIVERSITY OF

RIVER CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER ECOSYSTEM OF THE RIVER THE IMPORTANCE OF RIVER RIVER ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTION PRESERVATION AND

CONSERVATION OF RIVER

INTRODUCTIO

N

OF DIVERSITY

OF RIVER

River is a large natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or other body of water.

The existence of a river depends on three things:

i. The availability of surface water

ii. A channel in the groundiii. An inclined surface

Powered by gravity, for thousands of year, rivers are always flowing downhill.

The ecosystem of a river is viewed as a system operating in its natural environment and includes biotic & abiotic (non-living) physical.

Characteristic of river is the water flow low is unidirectional.

It is carry water from the higher parts of earth to the lower parts.

There are three courses river, which is upper, middle and lower.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER

• Defined as the downstream movement of water.

• Its determines the extent of erosion of the river channel, the degree of particle deposition and the nature of sediments and benthic organisms.

Current of the river

• Defined as the volume of water passing through the cross-sectional area of the channel per unit time.

• It is a product of channel width, depth and velocity of water .

Discharge of the river

• The dynamic relationship between the river and the land is shaped by the river's fluvial characteristics and involves the interconnected processes of erosion, transportation of materials and deposition.

River & land

ECOSYSTEM OF THE RIVER

Each species of fish prefers a certain habitat. Habitat is where a fish lives and must contain adequate oxygen, tolerable temperature, adequate food and hiding places (cover).

Population

Surface of

River

Many tiny creatures live right on the water's surface in river (place to feed)

Small fish swimming near the surface can be an easy meal for larger fish.

Larger fish often follow these small fish and feed on them. Then anglers try to catch the larger fish. This is called a "food chain.”

Deep of river

It’s the place where less current in the river flow.Most of the fish like to take advantage of low spots & less current and wait for food to come to them. Trout and salmon like cold, moving water. Usually, they'll stay near the edge of the current and eat whatever food comes along.

Estuaries

An estuary is where the river's current meets the tides. This cause salty water mixes with the fresh water of rivers or streams. An estuary is exciting for anglers because both freshwater and saltwater species of fish live there.

Marshes and swamps are very important areas for fish. Marshes are more open and have grasses, reeds and other non-woody plants. Swamps have many trees and shrubs. Most bogs are found in northern climates. Bogs are areas with acidic soil and a heavy growth of mosses. Peat moss is formed in bogs by the buildup and partial decay of plants. Because of the acid water, fish are usually not found in bogs.

Marshes &

swamps

IMPORTANCE OF THE RIVER

Importances of river

Provide habitat for numerous species

of plants and animals

Store flood water

Important source of renewable

energy

Transportation

Aquaculture and farming

Source of fresh water

RIVER ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTION

RIVER ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTION

Waste disposal activities

Activities dumping of

toxic

Agricultural and livestock

development

Industrial activities

EFFECTS OF RIVER ECOSYSTEM

DEGRADATION

Causes many species of flora and fauna threatened with extinction until there is no time to run the conservation.

Impact on the climate such as deforestation can change the world's climate.

can reduce the supply of oxygen for respiratory needs for living things

Causes the reduction of air humidity.

Can cause the lack of food resources, due to many forest species of plants as a food source is decreases.

Reduce timber resources such valuable trees - will interfere with the resource-based economic activity logging and other wood industry and others.

Impact On The

Physical Environme

nt

Effects On

Humans

CONSERVATION& PRESERVATION

OF RIVER

Source of food & drinkSave the river mean we also save the habitatTo proclaim the habitat, through the act of environmentThose anyone who violates this act will be fined for the

offense.

Habitat Restoratio

n

Environmental Education

Through mass media &

campaigns

Play an important role is that newspapers, magazines, television and radio.

Putting sign ages and other campaign materials would help to create and increase awareness of to community members

Primary and secondary through the integrated curriculum in the subject of science & biology

Their will appreciate how important and maintenance of the river in the future.

Be informed of

environmental laws

Minister of Natural Resources and Environment should make spot check to residents living nearest river and see how they play their roles to protecting river.

Local be in command side is needed to fined or compound the factory which outlet their wasted toxic direct into the river.

CONCLUSION

EFFECTS OF

POLLUTION ON

THE RIVER

Pollution kills water plants and animals. It also carries diseases. When animals drink the water, they may get diseases which can kill them. People can even get these diseases by eating the infected animal. Polluted rivers smell bad. Efforts are being made to clean dirty rivers.

Q & A