Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I - UB · 3 Regulation of body fluids and Salt...
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I Prof. K.A. Kirsch
Transcript of Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I - UB · 3 Regulation of body fluids and Salt...
Regulation of body fluids andSalt water balance I
Prof. K.A. Kirsch
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Solids and water distribution Usual daily sources of water intake
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Body Composition and Body Fluid Compartments ECFV = Extracellular Fluid VolumeICFV = Intracellular Fluid Volume
ECFV
ICFV
FATBones
Infant Child Male Female Pregnant Woman
Elderly
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Fluid Balance
• External Balance =
Fluid Input versus Fluid Output
• Internal Balance =
Shifts between the Body Fluid Compartments
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Distribution and Exchange of water and changesin external water balance
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Fluid BalanceFactors to be considered
• Water intake (thirst)
• Water outputKidneysPerspiration
Respiratory water lossTransdermal water loss
• Food intake
• Salt intake Salt output
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Regulation of water and NaCl output
HypervolemiaH2O NaCL
Renin Osmolarity ↑
A II ↓ Quabain ANF ADH ↑AtriumADH ↓
Osmolarity ↓
R H2O ↓ R H2O ↑
Antidiuresis
Aldosterone
Diuresis Natriuresis
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Historical information sought in assessing water
balance
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Ascent to high altitude is associated with a
• Decrease in Body weight
• Decrease in Water intake
• Increase in urine output
(Change in the external balance)
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Factors contributing to the negative water balance in high altitude
• Sensation of thirst is blunted
• Increased water loss via the lungs cold → low humidity
• Solar radiation
• Low food intake
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
Cumulative water balanceunder a exposure
at 4.300 m
Joluson H. et al. Fed. Proc. 1969; 28: 1195 - 98
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance I K.A. Kirsch April 2005
The change in levels of serum proteins, hematocrit, and
hemoglobin three hours after the arrival at the altitude of 2,390 m
Effect of altitude exposure on
the plasma volume
Hannou et al. J Appl. Physiol. 1969; 26: 540-47Hutardo et. al. J. Appl. Physiol. 1932; 100: 487-505
Regulation of body fluids andSalt water balance II
Prof. K.A. Kirsch
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Mean changes in hematoglobin, red cell volume, plasma volume, total blood volume during a Himalayan Expedition
Pugle L. et. al.Brit. Med. J. 1962; 2: 621-27
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Calculated changes inbody fluid volumes
during several days ofhill walking at sea level
Williams E. Proc. Royal Soc. 1966; 165: 266 - 80
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
ANP in acute mountain sickness
Bärtsch P. et. al. J. Appl, Physiol. 1988; 65(5): 1929-1937
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Hematocrit and circulation
Bärtsch P. et. al. J. Appl, Physiol. 1988; 65(5): 1929-1937
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Regulation of water and NaCl output
HypervolemiaH2O NaCL
Renin Osmolarity ↑
A II ↓ Quabain ANF ADH ↑AtriumADH ↓
Osmolarity ↓
R H2O ↓ R H2O ↑
Antidiuresis
Aldosterone
Diuresis Natriuresis
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
The influence of AMS on the Renin - Angiotensin - System
Bärtsch P. et. al. J. Appl, Physiol. 1988; 65(5): 1929-1937
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Changes in potassium at high altitude
Janoshi W. Fed. Proc. 1969; 28: 1185-1189
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Influence of volume depletion on acute response of plasma ADH to osmotic stimulation
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Regulation of body fluids and Salt water balance II K. Kirsch April 2005
Disorders Associated with Chronic Sodium Depletation
