RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL) - Sindhepasindh.gov.pk/downloads/dd tech/EIA Ranipur 17-07-17.pdf ·...

RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED(REL)

INSTALLATION OF 60MW BAGASSE BASEDCOGENERATION POWER PLANT AT RANIPUR, TALUKA

KOT DIGI, DISTRICT KHAIRPUR, SINDH

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA) REPORT

July 2017

INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANTS2nd Floor, Office # 11, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman, Lahore, PakistanE- mail: [email protected]; Tel:+ 92 042 35960091





July 2017






July 2017


RANIPUR ENERGY LIMITED (REL)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ a-j

1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................11.1 IMPORTANCE & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT ..............................................21.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ......................................................................21.3 PURPOSE OF REPORT......................................................................................31.4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT ................................................3Tel : +92-21-35281731-37............................................................................................31.5 CONSULTANTS PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT ...........................31.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT...........................................................................41.7 EXTENT OF THE STUDY....................................................................................41.8 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................51.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY .....................................................................................71.10 PERSONS PERFORMING THE STUDY (TEAM MEMBERS) ...........................81.11 PROJECT CLASSIFICATION..............................................................................91.12 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF PROJECT..10

1.12.1 Location................................................................................................101.12.2 Nature & Size of the Project ................................................................10

1.13 THE REPORT STRUCTURE.............................................................................102 DISCUSSION OF THE PROPOSAL CURRENT LAND USE POLICIES AND

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK.................................................................122.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................122.2 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GUIDELINES...........................12

2.2.1 National Conservation Strategy (NCS)................................................132.2.2 National Environmental Policy.............................................................132.2.3 National Sanitation Policy....................................................................14

2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.......................................142.4 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES .....................................................................14

2.4.1 The Sindh Environmental Assessment EIA/ IEE Procedures 2014....142.4.2 Self-Monitoring and Reporting.............................................................15

2.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS .............................................152.5.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997......................................15

2.6 SINDH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 2014..........................................162.7 THE SINDH EPA REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS 2014 ...............16

2.7.1 Other Relevant Laws ...........................................................................172.7.1.1 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance.....................172.7.1.2 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 .................................................172.7.1.3 Affected Person Ordinance 2001........................................182.7.1.4 Biodiversity Action Plan ......................................................182.7.1.5 Canal and Drainage Act, 1873............................................192.7.1.6 The Sindh Irrigation Act 1879 .............................................192.7.1.7 Employment of child Act, 1991 ...........................................192.7.1.8 Cutting of Trees Act, 1975&Protection of Trees &Bush

Wood Act, 1949...................................................................202.7.1.9 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972.........................202.7.1.10 Antiquities Act, 1975 ...........................................................202.7.1.11 The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994.......202.7.1.12 Sindh Local Government Ordinances, 2001 ......................212.7.1.13 Forest Act, 1927..................................................................212.7.1.14 National Forest Policy, 2001...............................................21


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2.8 NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NEPRA) ACT,1997....................................................................................................................222.8.1 Power Policy 1998 ...............................................................................22

2.9 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND TREATIES/CONVENTIONS................232.9.1 World Bank Guidelines on Environment..............................................232.9.2 International Convention on Biodiversity.............................................232.9.3 Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety and

Health Laws and Regulations..............................................................243 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT..............................................................................25

3.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................253.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT ...................................................253.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................25

3.3.1 Project Benefits....................................................................................263.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................26

3.4.1 Project Mission.....................................................................................263.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED REALISTICALLY AND REASON FOR THEIR

REJECTION .......................................................................................................263.5.1 No Action (Zero Option).......................................................................263.5.2 Proposed Power Plant Site..................................................................273.5.3 Cogeneration Option............................................................................283.5.4 Options for Boilers ...............................................................................313.5.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES .........................................31

3.6 ANALYSIS OF COGENERATION .....................................................................323.7 ANALYSIS OF FUEL .........................................................................................323.8 VEGETATION FEATURES OF THE SITE ........................................................323.9 COST AND MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION .....................................................323.10 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................323.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT (PROCESS FLOW CHART/STEPS).......33

3.11.1 Technical Aspects................................................................................343.11.1.1 The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant ...................343.11.1.2 Topping Cycle .....................................................................35

3.11.2 Technology Description .......................................................................363.11.2.1 Basic Process .....................................................................363.11.2.2 Components........................................................................373.11.2.3 Details of the Generation Facility/ Power Plant ..................37

3.12 CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS & OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS..............413.12.1 Construction Materials .........................................................................413.12.2 Construction Camps ............................................................................413.12.3 Work Force and Work Machinery........................................................42

3.13 PLANT AND MACHINERY ................................................................................433.13.1 Bagasse Handling System...................................................................433.13.2 Ash Handling System ..........................................................................433.13.3 Cooling Tower......................................................................................443.13.4 Compressed Air System ......................................................................443.13.5 Thermal Insulation ...............................................................................443.13.6 Personal Protection..............................................................................443.13.7 Ventilation and Air Conditioning System .............................................44

3.14 GOVERNMENT APPROVALS AND LEASES REQUIRED BY PROJECT ......454 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................46

4.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................464.1.1 Desk Studies........................................................................................464.1.2 Site Visits .............................................................................................46

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................474.2.1 Topography..........................................................................................474.2.2 Soils......................................................................................................49


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4.2.3 Geology................................................................................................504.2.4 Seismology...........................................................................................524.2.5 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................53

4.2.5.1 Surface Water .....................................................................534.2.5.2 Ground water.......................................................................534.2.5.3 Water quality .......................................................................53

4.2.6 Meteorology and Climatology ..............................................................544.2.7 Ambient Air & Noise.............................................................................57

4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA.........................................................574.3.1 Ambient Air Quality ..............................................................................594.3.2 Noise Level ..........................................................................................60

4.4 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES/BIODIVERSITY .................................................614.4.1 Floral Habitat Types.............................................................................614.4.2 Crest Habitat ........................................................................................624.4.3 Floral Attributes of the Project Area ....................................................624.4.4 Faunal Attributes of the Project Area ..................................................62

4.5 EXISTING SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS................................................644.5.1 Demographic information.....................................................................64

4.6 QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES..............................................................................664.6.1 Housing ................................................................................................664.6.2 Education and Literacy ........................................................................674.6.3 Health...................................................................................................684.6.4 Livelihoods ...........................................................................................69

4.7 AGRICULTURE..................................................................................................714.8 LIVESTOCK .......................................................................................................724.9 ECONOMY.........................................................................................................724.10 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION..................................................................................734.11 WATER SUPPLY ...............................................................................................74

5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONMEASURES ...................................................................................................................755.1 METHODOLOGY FOR ANTICIPATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS..........755.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO INSTALLATION AT PRESENT

LOCATION OF PROJECT.................................................................................755.3 PROJECT DESIGN RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS....................765.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION

PHASE ...............................................................................................................765.4.1 Soil Erosion..........................................................................................765.4.2 Air Quality.............................................................................................775.4.3 Groundwater ........................................................................................805.4.4 Solid Waste..........................................................................................805.4.5 Noise Impact ........................................................................................815.4.6 Fire Risk ...............................................................................................825.4.7 Ecological Impacts ...............................................................................83

5.4.7.1 Terrestrial Systems .............................................................835.4.7.2 Fauna and Flora..................................................................83

5.4.8 Impacts on Human Population ............................................................845.4.9 Traffic Impact .......................................................................................845.4.10 Socio-economic Impacts......................................................................845.4.11 Public Services and Facilities ..............................................................855.4.12 Cultural Resource Impacts ..................................................................855.4.13 Waste Water ........................................................................................85

5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM PROJECT OPERATION............................................................................................................................865.5.1 Air Quality Impacts...............................................................................865.5.2 Ecological Impacts ...............................................................................89


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5.5.2.1 Impacts on Fauna and Flora...............................................89a) Air Emissions ...................................................................................89b) Noise 90c) Waste Water ....................................................................................905.5.2.2 Landscaping........................................................................91

5.5.3 Solid Waste Management....................................................................915.5.4 Noise & Vibration Impacts ...................................................................925.5.5 Societal Impacts during Operations ....................................................92

5.5.5.1 Neighborhood and Communities ........................................925.5.5.2 Relocation Impact ...............................................................925.5.5.3 Economic Impact.................................................................93

5.6 POSITIVE SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON THE OVERALL PROJECTAREA..................................................................................................................93

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (EMP) AND MONITORING PROGRAM...........956.1 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................956.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY .............................................................................956.3 TRAINING SCHEDULE .....................................................................................956.4 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...................................96

6.4.1 Construction Phase..............................................................................966.4.2 Operation and Mitigation Phase ..........................................................96

6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM..............................................1426.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST ........................................................1466.7 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.......................................................................147

6.7.1 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures ....................................1477 PROJECT SOCIAL SOUNDNESS .............................................................................149

7.1 OBJECTIVES OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ................................1497.2 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 2014 ..................................1507.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS ..........................................................................151

7.3.1 Points Discussed ...............................................................................1527.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION TECHNIQUE ..........................................152

7.4.1 Government Representatives............................................................1537.4.2 Stakeholder Concerns and Recommendations ................................154

7.5 PROCEDURE FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES........................................1557.6 PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS............................155

7.6.1 PCU – Function and Structure...........................................................1567.6.2 GRC – Function and Structure ..........................................................1567.6.3 Grievance Focal Points......................................................................1577.6.4 Procedure of Filing and Resolving Grievances.................................1577.6.5 Operating Principles for PCU ............................................................1587.6.6 Stages of Grievances ........................................................................1587.6.7 Awareness .........................................................................................159

7.7 COMMUNITY CONCERNS .............................................................................1597.8 LOCAL GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES ..............................................160

8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN & EVACUATION/EXIT PLAN.............................1628.1 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE.....................................1628.2 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN...............................................................163

8.2.1 Evacuation of Persons with Disabilities.............................................1688.2.2 Evacuation in Case of Adverse Weather Condition ..........................1698.2.3 Fire Response Program.....................................................................169

8.3 FIRE / EMERGENCY SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING ANDMAINTENANCE PLAN.....................................................................................172

8.4 CHEMICAL SPILL / RELEASE RESPONSE PROGRAM...............................1759 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................179REFERENCESTERMS OF REFERENCES


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONBMP Best Management Practices

CCR Central Control Room

DM Dematerialize Water

dB Decibel

EA Environmental Approval

EHS Environment, Health and Safety

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMtP Environmental Monitoring Plan

EMMP Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan

EOT Electrical Operated Overhead Traveling

EPA Environment Protection Agency

ESP Electrostatic precipitator

ERT Emergency Response Team

GFP Grievance Focal Points

GRC Grievance Redress Committee

HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

LAA Land Acquisition Act

mg Milligram

MW MegaWatt

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NCS National Conservation Strategy

NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

NOC No Objection Certificate

P&D Planning and Development

PCU Public Complaints Unit

PM Project Management

pm Particulate Matter

PVC Polyvinyl chloride

RCC Reinforce Concrete Cement

RE Resident Engineer

RNR Renewable Natural Resources

REL Ranipur Energy Limited


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RO Reverse Osmosis

SEQS

SEPA

Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014

Sindh Environmental Protection Agency

SPDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute

TCD Tons Crushing per Day

TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration

TPH Tons Per Hour

UET University of Engineering and Technology

UNCED United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development

WHO World health organization

WWF World Wide Fund


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With the policy of privatization of the power industry and liberalized schemesformulated by the Government of Pakistan for setting up bio mass powerplants by private enterprises and in view of the Energy policy as announcedby State Govt. project proponent has decided to set up 60 MW (installedcapacity) bagasse based power plant at Ranipur Energy Limited, located atRanipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur in the province of Sindh. This reportpresents the findings of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study carriedout by Integrated Environment Consultants for proposed cogeneration biomass power plant.The EIA has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of SindEnvironmental Protection Act (SEPA) 2014 and Sindh EnvironmentalProtection Agency (Review of EIA/IEE) Regulations and the projectcontribution to sustainable development. This project activity has excellentcontribution towards sustainable development and addresses the key issues:

Environmental well-being Substituting the electricity requirement from grid by co-fired plant there

by eliminating the generation of equivalent quantum of electricity usingconventional fuel feeding the national grid.

Conserving fossil fuel and other non-renewable natural resource. Mitigating the emission of GHG (CO2, NOx etc).Socio- economic well being Contributing to a small increase in the local employment by employing

skilled and unskilled personnel for operation and maintenance of theequipment.

Adopting an advanced and sustainable technology for long termbenefits.

Helping to bridge the gap of electricity demand and supply at locallevel.

I. Title and location of project

Ranipur Energy (Pvt.) Limited is planning to set up 60 MW (grosscapacity) bagasse based power plant at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, DistrictKhairpur in the province of Sindh (Figure E.1).

II. Name of the Proponent

M/S. Ranipur Energy Limited has their Head office at C-98, KhahkshanScheme No.5, Block No.2, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan.


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The contact person for the proposed project may be contacted at thegiven numbers.

Tel : +92-21-35291731-37

III. Name of organization preparing the report

Integrated Environment Consultants

Office: Office # 11, 2nd Floor, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman Chowk,Lahore, Pakistan: Phone: (042)-35960091

Email: [email protected]

IV. A Brief Outline of the Proposal

The project envisages the installation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse based

cogeneration power project at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur

in the province of Sindh. In accordance with the Sindh Environmental

Protection Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination and

Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014, the project falls in

Schedule –II, Part-B ‘Energy’ therefore, requires the Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) study for sustainable development and to

submit in Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), for issuance of

Environmental Approval (EA) before the start of the project.

V. Cogeneration Option

Cogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generationsince long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing andenergy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above thesugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in theform of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace apart of fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainablemix in power generation. Cogeneration with power export will assist inreducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. In order to continuereliable, efficient and safe operation, the existing steam and powergeneration system will be closed down and replaced with the moreefficient system in proposed power plant. Presently, sugar industry world-wide except for Pakistan uses high-pressure boilers by burning bagasseand the high pressure steam for power generation and the low pressuresteam for process heat. Introduction of high-pressure technology inPakistan will result in more power production to supply to the national gridand less emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs).


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Figure E.1: Ranipur Sugar Mill (The Proposed Project Site)


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VI. Technical Aspects

The technology chosen is the conventional thermal power planttechnology based on the Rankine Cycle. The bagasse will be combustedin a high-pressure boiler and the steam generated will be fed to the steamturbine to generate power. The turbine will be different from theconventional thermal power plants, as the turbine will be provided with acontrolled extraction for extracting the process steam required for thesugar mill.

VII. The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant

Basically the co-generation plant configuration is site specific, eventhough, some amount of standardization could be made for the gross rootplants. The scheme will consider the available bagasse and variation inbagasse availability. Considering the variation in the bagasse availabilityand possible variation in process steam consumption and the number ofdays of operation, maybe it is better to go down size of the plant andensure maximum plant load factors. The plant cycle will be optimized togive best efficiency.

Even though there is no limit to the achievable steam pressure andtemperatures with bagasse firing, a cost benefit study has beenconducted deciding on the steam cycle parameters. In project feasibilitystudy proper consideration has been given to the cost aspect of the highergrade metallurgy of the turbine and the boiler, specifically the super-heater and the piping.

Based on priority in utilizing the available energy, electricity or heat, co-generation systems are classified as topping cycle (where priority is forgenerating electricity) and bottoming cycle (where heat takes priority overelectricity). The proposed project is based on the topping cycle.

VIII. Major Impacts and their mitigations

Table E.1, given below shows the anticipated project impacts; related withconstruction and operational phase of the project.


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E.1: Major Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impacts Magnitude Recommendation MeasureResponsible

Authority

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Air Pollution

Dust resulting from

construction work

Use of heavy machinery can

generate exhaust and dust

emissions

Minor Sprinkling of water on regular basis especially

during dry climatic conditions

Periodic maintenance and management of all

the construction machinery and vehicles

Covering or use of wind protecting sheets

around the stockpiles to avoid air pollution

through dispersion

Contractor/

Consultant of

proponent

Solid waste

Construction waste and

domestic waste from worker

camps

Minor Conduct separate collection of construction

and domestic waste to promote recycling and

re-use

Dispose non-recyclable and hazardous waste

material properly according to waste

management rules to a EPA certified

contractor

Contractor/

Consultant of

proponent

Water Quality Minor Use of spill prevention trays and impermeable

sheets to avoid contamination of the

Contractor/

Consultant of


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Authority

Run-off water from

construction area

Wastewater from camp site

Leakage of oil and

chemical materials from

construction activity

groundwater/surface water

septic tanks should be constructed with

cemented wall to prevent the groundwater

contamination

the existing facility of the sugar for sewerage

disposal may be utilized in a sustainable way.

proponent

Noise

Noise caused by

construction machinery

vehicles used for

mobilization of construction

equipment and workers

Minor Control noise through control of working hours

and selection of less noisy equipment.

Proper maintenance of vehicles and

construction equipment

Contractor/

Consultant of

proponent

Traffic Impacts

Increase in traffic volume

due to use of the heavy

traffic

Minor A proper traffic management plan shall be

prepared by the contractor during the time of

construction and shall be implemented

accordingly

Contractor/

Consultant of

proponent

Social Impacts Minor It is worth mentioning that very few population

exists near the project site.

Contractor/

Consultant of


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Authority

Invasion of workable force

may cause the social

disturbance

Labour camp shall be housed 500 m away

from any dwellings.

proponent

OPERATIONAL PHASE

Air Pollution

Exhaust gas from stack

Dust from ash disposal

activity

Dust from bagasse

handling activities and

bagasse yard

Minor To control the stacks particulates emission a

bag filter house shall be installed.

Periodic maintenance of the generator, fitted

with appropriate exhaust systems and devices

To reduce NO2 emissions, firing system will

use low combustion technology (low NOx

burners)

For stack design, height will be more than 60

m

EHS officer

of Project

Proponent

Solid waste

Fly ash and bottom ash

Sewage and garbage from

workers

Minor Ash pond is designed with capacity of 5 years

of operation.

The ash may also be sold to the road

manufacturer to add in the road base material.

Implementation of waste management

EHS officer

of Project

Proponent


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Authority

program consisting of reduce, reuse and re-

cycling of materials

Water Quality

Thermal effluent from

cooling system

Wastewater from plant

process

Rainwater drainage from

ash pond and bagasse

yard

Minor Thermal outlet will be cool down with the help

of the cooling towers while the discharge far

from the cooling tower will be treated till

SEQS to reduce the impact on surrounding

area

Installation of wastewater treatment system by

neutralization, settling and oil separation so

any wastewater produced complies with

wastewater standards of SEQS

The bottom of the ash pond shall have an

impermeable membrane layer

EHS officer

of Project

Proponent

Noise

Noise and vibration from

steam turbines, generators

and pumps etc.

Noise by ash disposal/

Minor Installation of low noise/ low vibration type

equipment

Proper maintenance of equipments

Adequate basis of equipment to reduce the

vibration

Adequate enclosure of equipment to reduce

EHS officer

of Project

Proponent


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Authority

bagasse handling activity

Noise from vehicles used

for mobilization of

equipment

noise


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IX. Proposed Monitoring

The monitoring program is designed to ensure that the requirements ofthe EPA are met. Monitoring Program (MP) provides importantinformation that allows for more effective planning and an adaptiveresponse based on the assessment of the effectiveness of mitigationmeasures. The monitoring of various parameters will help to determinethe extent to which project construction/operation activities will causeenvironmental disturbance and subsequent their level of mitigation.

Sr.No.

MonitoringParameters

Monitoring Mechanism ResponsibilityMonitoringFrequency

1. Water Quality Discrete grab sampling

and laboratory testing of

water samples as per

drinking water parameters

as defined by the SEPA.

Proponent/ EPA Quarterly

2. Dust Emissions Ambient Particulate Matter

Monitoring System as per

the SEQS.

Proponent/ EPA Quarterly

3. Noise Levels Noise meter Proponent/ EPA Monthly

4. Stack emission Emissions monitoring

system to monitor the

emissions as per SEQS.

Proponent/ EPA Monthly

5. Inconvenience

to community

Consultations with

community to get feedback

about inconvenience due

to the construction

activities to perform their

daily routine chores.

Proponent/ EPA Monthly


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X. Environmental Management Cost

The cost for environmental management and monitoring will be the part ofcontract of Contractor and Consultants respectively. However, a lumpsum amount of Rs. 5.0 million will be allocated by the project proponentas cost for environmental training and monitoring for a period of two yearsduring construction and operation of the project.

XI. Stakeholder Consultations

Public Discussions were held with the inhabitant of the surrounding area.They are quite positive to the project and see the project as growingbusiness and accomplishing towards the positive development in the areaat local and in country as whole. The people observe strong positiveimpacts regarding employment, business and structural development dueto this project. EIA findings depict that people perceive overall positivesocial and economic impacts by the project. Their attitude towards theproject installation is highly optimistic. Majority of the people areconvinced for development in the area and they correlate this progresswith the pace of their social mobility.


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1 INTRODUCTION

Most parts of the country experience severe winter and summer conditions;as a result there is a wide variation in electricity demand during the year.Furthermore, higher share of residential sector in total electricity demandmake the peak demand more pronounced. During summer season, theinductive load in the system increases due to tube wells, air coolingsystems and other motor operation while in winter, resistive load increasesdue to heaters. The peak load hours are generally between 6 PM to 10 PMwhile load decreases to its minimum between midnight. The EconomicCoordination Committee of the Cabinet (ECC) in its meeting held on 6March 2013, approved 'Framework for Power Cogeneration 2013 Bagasseand Biomass' as an addendum to the Renewable Energy Policy 2006. Thisframework shall be effective for all high pressure cogeneration projectsutilizing bagasse and biomass.

Frame Work for Power Co-Generation 2013 (Bagasse / Biomass)

The Power Producer shall, under the provisions of the AEDB Act2010. Renewable Energy Policy 2006 & this framework approachAEDB.

AEDB shall act as the coordinating agency for High pressure(minimum 60 bar) bagasse / biomass based projects. The PowerProducer may establish the project as part of an existing sugar millor as a separate entity.

Upfront tariff for bagasse / biomass based cogeneration projects tobe determined by NEPRA.

Tariff shall be on a per unit basis for energy delivered to the grid

The Power Producer shall have the option to opt for upfront tariff.

Power Producers shall have the option to offer energy to therespective DISCOs at 11 kv or 132 kv, or to the CPPA at 132 kV,provided that the cost of interconnection, grid station upgrades, etc.for power evacuation shall be incurred by the respective DISCOs.

It shall be mandatory for the Power Purchaser to evacuate all theenergy offered to it by the Power Producer, failing which such plantsshall be deemed to have dispatched and sold the energy to the


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Power Purchaser. The CPPA shall bill the payment against such un-evacuated energy to the DISCO concerned. However, no liabilityshall occur to the CPPA / DISCO in case of a Force Majeure event.

Standard bankable EPA & IA documents will be prepared andprovided to the Power Producer by AEDB.

AEDB has issued Letter of Intent (L0I) on the basis of standardproposal submitted by the project proponent.

1.1 IMPORTANCE & BACKGROUND OF PROJECT

In order to take advantage of incentives offered by the Government ofPakistan, Ranipur Energy Limited (REL) proposed to install and operate abagasse fired cogeneration power project of 60 MW (gross) capacity atRanipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur in the province of Sindh. Thisproject will enable to export around 46 MW of power to National grid duringsugar cane crushing season and 53.5 MW during off-season.

The Co-generation project envisages installation of high pressure boiler,matching double Extraction cum condensing STG set, auxiliary equipment,tele-observation/control/protection equipment and all required gridparalleling / interfacing equipment.

The cogeneration project with expanded mill capacity will make optimumuse of available bagasse during the season operation. During the offseason operations of the power Plants, saved bagasse will be used toensure optimum export and number of operating days. Other agro wastefuels or purchased bagasse and other Biomass (Rice Husk etc.) from othersources / mills will be additional option available with Ranipur EnergyLimited to increase the plant operation in the off season.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The project aims to produce electricity for supply to national grid throughSukkur Electric Power Company (SEPCO) thus reducing the gap betweensupply and demand. The proposed power plant is a standalone powerproducing unit based on Bagasse fired High Pressure Boilers along withcondensing/extracting Steam Turbo Generator (STG) Set.

The main objectives of the project are to:

Respond to the urgent need to close the widening gap betweenpower generation and demand at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District


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Khairpur, Sindh and ensure stable power supply to SEPCO duringsugar cane crushing season.

Provide employment to the local people; Respond to the need of improvement in quality of life through

sustainable power production systems.

1.3 PURPOSE OF REPORT

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is being submitted to theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Government of the Sindh, Karachiin compliance with the legal requirement for Sindh Environment ProtectionAct-2014, Section-17 for obtaining the Environmental Approval (EA)/NoObjection Certificate (NOC) before commencement of the project work atthe proposed project site. The other relevant regulations and guidelinesconsidered while preparing this EIA report include:

1. Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval ofenvironmental assessments.

2. Guidelines for the preparation and review of environmental reports.

3. Guidelines for public participation.

4. Guidelines for sensitive and critical areas.

5. Detailed sectoral guidelines.

Different environmental aspects like social, physical, biological and otherrelated features of the project both during construction and its regularoccupancy are highlighted in this EIA report. Measures necessary to beadopted to mitigate negative environmental impacts on any part of theenvironment around are also described. All the important information isalso provided as described under present format used to help decisionmakers, EPA Sindh in the present case, before issuing the desiredEnvironmental Approval (EA).

1.4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT

M/S. Ranipur Energy LimitedOffice: C-98, Kahkashan, Scheme No.5, Block No.2, Clifton, KarachiTel : +92-21-35281731-37

1.5 CONSULTANTS PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT

Integrated Environment ConsultantsOffice: Office # 11,2nd Floor, Anwar Tower, 99-Shadman Chowk,


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Lahore, Pakistan.Phone: (042)-35960091Email: [email protected]

1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT

Objectives to conduct this EIA are as following:

i. A legal binding in accordance to Sindh Environmental ProtectionAct-2014.

ii. To identify the potential environmental issues pertaining to theproposed site.

iii. To evaluate the ability of the site in view of social acceptance andenvironmental soundness.

iv. To provide the maximum information to the proponent and otherstakeholders about the existing environmental conditions and theimplications of the proposed project.

v. Collection of available data, reports, drawings and other relevantinformation about area of proposed project.

vi. Review of applicable existing environmental legislation and SindhEnvironmental Quality Standards (SEQS).

vii. Propose mitigation measures to eliminate or to reduce the negativeimpacts to an acceptable level.

viii. Development of well resourced environmental management andmonitoring plans to identify mitigation strategies targeted towardsavoidance, minimization and rehabilitation of the impacts.

1.7 EXTENT OF THE STUDY

In compliance with SEPA-2014 requirements, an EIA report has beenprepared by M/S Integrated Environment Consultants, Lahore. Thisdocument covers all environmental impacts, due to installation of the 60MW co-gen power project, in and around the project area comprising thephysical, ecological and socio-economic aspects together with identificationof the potential positive and negative impacts. Any developmental activitiesoutside the project area, the transmission lines for dispatch of electricityand establishment of the other factories outside the project vicinity have notbeen covered under this EIA study.


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1.8 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted to carry out the EIA study of the proposedproject was as follow:

a) Orientation

b) Planning of Data Collection

c) Data Collection

d) Site Reconnaissance

e) Analysis of Maps

f) Literature Review

g) Desk Top Research

h) Stakeholders Consultations

i) Field Studies

j) Laboratory Analysis

k) Evaluation of Impacts and their analysis

l) Categorization of impacts based on their potential environmentalsignificance and prescription of preventive / mitigation measures

In addition to the evaluation and review of the available records, data andthe facts for the previous project, detailed discussions were held with theconcerned members of the project management as well as other projectstakeholders. Notes and proposals for measures to be taken to mitigateand compensate for any detrimental environmental impacts are containedin the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as well as a MonitoringPlan, including all parameters that need to be measured, and the frequencyof monitoring actions.

A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative methodology was adopted toconduct this study inter-alia in due compliance with the EIA requirements.The study included collection of both primary and secondary data regardingenvironmental status and other relevant factors. This EIA report has beenaccomplished after carrying out thorough visit to the proposed site anddetailed investigation to identify the following Environmental areas ofconcern:


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1) To achieve the desired environmental compliance standards; as perthe environmental regulatory requirements; as applicable to theproject.

2) Plans and activities to prevent/mitigate any potential impacts and thegaps that could probably remain after implementation.

3) Any other points/steps to be taken which could be beneficial tomitigate environmental adverse impacts that may accrue both duringconstruction and regular operation of the project.

A view of methodology adopted for environmental assessment is given inTable - 1.1:

Table - 1.1: Environmental and Social Assessment Process

Phase Activities Status Responsibility

Screening and

Scoping

Reconnaissance and

initial site visit and

consultations,

identification of

environmental and

social issues &

applicable safeguard

environment policy,

categorization and

working out an action

plan.

carried out

during the

present EIA

Project

Management

(PM) Consultants

Impact

Assessment

Identification of

potential environmental

and social impacts

through site visits,

stakeholders

consultations, review

of drawings,

alternatives etc

during the

present EIA

PM Consultants


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Phase Activities Status Responsibility

Impact

categorization

The significant

potential impacts were

tabulated and

mitigation/preventive

measures were

prescribed

during the

present EIA

PM Consultants

EMP

Preparation

Stakeholders

consultation

carried out

during/prepared

as part of the

present EIA

PM Consultants

EMP

Final EMP Final version of EMP

produced

included in the

present EIA

PM Consultants

1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this EIA study is identification of key environmental andsocial issues which will likely arise during construction and operation of thepower plant along with the assessment of the significant negative impactsand mitigation measures to be adopted for their minimization.

The ultimate goal of this EIA report, among others, is also to produce anEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental MonitoringPlan (EMtP) for the construction and operation stages of the proposedproject. Compliance of EMP together with the provisions for mitigationmeasures for the significant negative impacts will ensure theimplementation of this project in an environmentally sustainable mannerboth at construction as well as operation stages of the project.

The EIA report ensures compliance to all provincial regulations enforced inSindh, for such project. While taking into consideration the corporatestandards, it was further sought to ensure that the project under referenceof this EIA report, is to be developed in a manner that is sociallyresponsible and reflects sound environmental management practices.


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This EIA report also discusses the legal and administrative frameworkwithin which the EIA has been prepared. A brief project description isincluded in the EIA report together with a description of the baselineenvironmental conditions and the actual environmental situation at theproposed site for the project. The technical section of the report and theenvironmental baseline situation form the basis for the detailed impactassessment during construction and operation phases of the project. Basedon the findings of this report, an environmental management system hasbeen devised, outlining necessary mitigation and compensation measurestogether with monitoring practices.

1.10 PERSONS PERFORMING THE STUDY (TEAM MEMBERS)

The proponent has assigned the task of preparing EIA report to M/SIntegrated Environment Consultants, Lahore. The EIA study of theproposed project has been conducted In accordance with the PakistanEnvironmental Protection Agency, Review of Initial EnvironmentalExamination and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014,Government of Sindh. The EIA guidelines for Bagasse fired power plantpublished through National Impact Assessment Program was alsoconsidered during this EIA process.

The study team of M/S Integrated Environment Consultants whichcompleted the EIA report consists of experts as mentioned in Table-1.2.

Table 1.2: Members Completed EIA Process

Name Qualification Status in Project

Mr. Ahtasham Raza M.Phil (Env. Sciences)

GC University, Lahore

Ph.D Scholar,

(Env.Sciences) University of

the Punjab, Pakistan

Project Incharge

Mr. M. A. Nouman M.Sc Environmental Sciences.

M.Phil Environmental Sciences

University of the Punjab,

Lahore

Team Leader

Mr. Asher Azad M.Sc Chemistry

GC University, LahoreMonitoring Incharge


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Name Qualification Status in Project

Mr. Zaheer Bhati M.Sc Chemistry

GC University, LahoreMonitoring incharge

Mr. Mubroor

Hassan

M.Sc Chemistry

M.Phil Environmental SciencesMonitoring Engineer

Mr. Hamaza Ahmad B.Sc. Civil Engineering (UET)

M.Sc. Env. Engineering (UET)Geo Technical Engineer

Mr. M.A. Sheraz M.A Sociology

University of the Punjab,

Lahore

Sociologist

Mr. Bilal TahirB.Sc Environmental

Engineering (UET Taxila)Environmentalist

Mr. Adnan Sharif Bs Environmental Sciences Environmentalist

Muhammad UsmanB.Sc Environmental

Engineering (UET Lahore)Environmentalist

Muhammad Asad

Javed

B.Sc Environmental

Engineering (UET Taxila)Environmentalist

*Only the main roles of the team members are given. However, their role was not restricted to these,rather it also includes many other studies in their respective fields in the context of this EIA studies.

1.11 PROJECT CLASSIFICATION

The project envisages the installation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse basedcogeneration power project at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur inthe province of Sindh. In accordance with the Sindh EnvironmentalProtection Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination andEnvironmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014, the project falls inSchedule –II, Part-B ‘Energy’ therefore, requires the Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) study for sustainable development and to submit inprovincial Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for issuance ofEnvironmental Approval (EA).


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1.12 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OFPROJECT

1.12.1 Location

The Plant site is located in Ranipur Sugar Mills which is 1.5 kilometers fromthe city of Ranipur on main National Highway N-5. Ranipur is situated inDistrict Khairpur, Sindh. The nearest railway station is about 2 km from sitelocation in Ranipur city and the nearest airport is about 75 km in Sukkur.The Latitude and Longitude are 27.2878 and 68.5380 decimal degreesrespectively. Location of project is shown in Figure-1 & 1.1.

Figure 1: A View of the Proposed Project Site


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1.12.1 Location




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1.12.1 Location




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Figure-1.1: Location of Project Site


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1.12.2 Nature & Size of the Project

The project envisages on the installation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse firedpower project. The bagasse shall be fired in one (1) high pressure boiler toproduce the steam. The steam shall be used for generating electricity with60 MW Steam Turbo Generator. Layout of various sections for all the plant& machinery has been worked out in order to utilize the land veryeconomically, without sacrificing the ease of operation & maintenance.

1.13 THE REPORT STRUCTURE

This EIA document is structured as follow:

Section- 01:

Introduction: Containing general information about the project andprocess of carrying out the study.

Section - 02:

Environmental Policy, Legal And Administrative Framework:Describes the provincial policy, laws and regulations governing this EIA.

Section - 03:

The Project Description: Describes an overall detail of the works to bedone pertaining to the proposed project.

Section - 04:

The Description of the Environment: Gives information on Physical,Biological and Social conditions collected through survey of the ProjectArea.

Section - 05:

Environmental Impacts Due To Project & Mitigation Measures:Identifies various environmental impacts and their preventive actions. Thismakes the basis of the Environment Management Plan.

Section -06:

Environment Management Plan (EMP): Contains comprehensiveprescriptions regarding environmental impacts and their mitigationmeasures. This also includes institutional arrangements and EnvironmentalManagement & Monitoring Plan.


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Section -07:

Stakeholders Consultations: Explains the process of public consultationand disclosure of the project in related stakeholder. It makes this documenta legal public document.

Chapter -08:

Emergency Response Plan & Evacuation/Exit Plan: Explains about thearrangements to avoid any natural or anthropogenic emergency.

Chapter -09:

Conclusion and Recommendation: Concludes the EIA report with somepractical recommendation.


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2 DISCUSSION OF THE PROPOSAL CURRENT LAND USEPOLICIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 GENERAL

The principal environmental regulatory agency in Pakistan was theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Pakistan that formulatesenvironmental policies, action plans and legislation. After the 18th

amendment the environmental portfolio devolved to provincialgovernments. Consequently, the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency(SEPA) is empowered to formulate environmental legislation, rules,regulations and standards and their enforcement/implement in the wholeSindh province as a formulating regulatory and monitoring agency. EPASindh’s head office is located at ST-2/1, Sector-23, Korangi Industrial Area,Karachi.

Presently, the basic legislation on the environment is the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act of 2014 (SEPA 2014), Sindh IEE/EIARegulations 2014 and other rules and regulations. SEPA has initiatedprocess of notification for Sindh Environmental Quality Standards 2015(SEQS 2015). In addition, EPA Sindh has also issued directions throughprint media and direct communication to the concerned parties forimmediate compliance with these legislation and Rules and Regulationsmade so far.

This section provides synopsis of policies, legislation, and guidelines thatmay have relevance to the activities carried out by the Ranipur EnergyLimited within the scope defined for this EIA/EMP. The relevantrequirements of the policy documents and legislative framework have alsobeen incorporated in the environmental management and monitoring planbeing formulated for the better environmental impacts management. RELmanagement is committed to follow and comply with the relevantrequirements of the policy documents and legislative framework for thebetter management of environmental aspects and impacts of their businessrelated activities

2.2 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GUIDELINES

The enactment of comprehensive legislation on the environment, coveringmultiple areas of concern, is a relatively new and ongoing phenomenon inPakistan. The following section presents a brief overview of the existingnational policies and guidelines.


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2.2.1 National Conservation Strategy (NCS)

The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) is the primary policy documentof the Government of Pakistan on national environmental issues. ThePolicy was approved by the Cabinet in March 1992. The Strategy alsoattained recognition by international donor agencies, principally the WorldBank. The NCS identifies 14 core areas including conservation ofbiodiversity, pollution prevention and abatement, soil and waterconservation and preservation of cultural heritage and recommendsimmediate attention to these core areas in order to preserve the Country’senvironment.

The main objectives of the strategy are conservation of natural resources,sustainable development and improved efficiency in the use andmanagement of resources. It covers fourteen key priority areas for policyformulation and intervention, including protecting watersheds, supportingforestry and plantations, protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries,conserving biodiversity, increasing energy efficiency, and developingrenewable resources, preventing or decreasing pollution, managing urbanwastes and preserving the cultural heritage. Energy policies includepromoting efficiency and conservation as well as cogeneration, hydro,biogas, solar and new alternatives. The strategy also includes measures tocontrol and limit pollution - for example, changing import duties to favor themost fuel-efficient vehicles, and regulate gasoline, kerosene and dieselpricing to make the least polluting alternatives the most affordable.Incorporation and integration of environmental and sustainabledevelopment themes into educational curricula and in the media is also animportant feature of the strategy

2.2.2 National Environmental Policy

This policy covers all sectors and a wide range of means for promotingconservation and environmental protection in water, air and wastemanagement, forestry, and transport. The policy aims to promote protectionof the environment, the honoring of international obligations, sustainablemanagement of resources, and economic growth. It calls for the setting ofstandards and regulations for ambient and indoor air quality, vehicleemissions and manufacture, energy conservation, fuel specification andbuilding codes. It aims to promote mass transit and non-motorizedtransport as well as cleaner technologies, including, solar, hydroelectric,biogas and cogeneration with waste, and offering tax incentives for efficientproducts. It also calls for creating increased public demand for


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environmentally friendly products through education and mass awarenesscampaigns.

2.2.3 National Sanitation Policy

National Sanitation Policy of Pakistan provides a broad framework andpolicy guidelines to the Government to enhance and support sanitationcoverage in the Country through the formulation of sanitation strategies,plans and programs at all respective levels for improving the quality of lifeof the people of Pakistan and the physical environment necessary forhealthy life. The Policy will be implemented by the Federal, and LocalGovernment Agencies in accordance with the guidelines, principles andmeasures spelt out in the policy.

2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Post 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, the provincialEnvironmental Protection Agencies is fully empowered to initiate, modifyand enforce environmental legislation in their respective provinces. In theprovince of Sindh, the EPA is the prime regulatory and monitoring institute.EPA is headed by a Director General (DG) who is the lead responsibleperson for enforcement of environmental legislation. He is also responsiblefor the guidance of other provincial departments/institutes on environmentalmatters and related issues. DG EPA Sindh functions from his registeredhead office located at Karachi, however, has regional offices in other majorcities of the province functioning under senior officers.

2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

2.4.1 The Sindh Environmental Assessment EIA/ IEE Procedures 2014

In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 37 of the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental ProtectionAgency, with the approval of Government of Sindh has notified the ‘SindhEnvironmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial EnvironmentalExamination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 2014’vide notification No. EPA/TECH/739/2014 dated 16th December 2014.

This regulation describes the procedure for conducting environmentalassessments and their approval process. Categories for projects requiringIEE, EIA or Environmental Checklists is mentioned in the regulation. Theenvironmental assessment includes preparation of an EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP).


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2.4.2 Self-Monitoring and Reporting

In exercise of the powers conferred by section 36 of the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental ProtectionAgency, with the approval of the Government has notified the “Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules, 2014” vide notification No.EPA/TECH/739/2014 dated 16th December 2014.

In 2014, the Government of Sindh has taken various concrete steps toattain control over industrial pollution in the Sindh Province. The mostsignificant measure was the enactment of the Sindh EnvironmentalProtection Act 2014, which makes it an obligation upon industrial facilitiesto restrict their air emissions and effluents to the limits specified in theEnvironmental Quality Standards (EQS).

2.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

2.5.1 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) was enacted on 6thDecember 1997, repealing the Pakistan Environmental ProtectionOrdinance, 1983. The PEPA’ 1997 provides the framework forimplementation of NCS, establishment of Provincial SustainableDevelopment Funds, Protection and conservation of species, conservationof renewable resources, implementation of NEQS, establishment ofEnvironmental Tribunals and appointment of Environmental Magistrates,Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), and Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA).

Pakistan’s Environmental Policy is based on participatory approach toachieving objectives of sustainable development through legally,administratively and technically sound institutions. The FederalEnvironment Ministry was established in Pakistan in 1975 as follow up aStockholm declaration of 1972. The Ministry was responsible forpromulgation of the environmental Protection Ordinance of Pakistan in1983. It was the first comprehensive legislation prepared in the country.The main objective of Ordinance 1983 was to establish institutions i.e., toestablish Federal and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies andPakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC). In 1993, EnvironmentalQuality Standards (NEQS) were designed. The Act is broadly applicable toair, water, soil and noise pollution, as well as the handling of hazardouswaste. Penalties have been prescribed for those who contravene theprovisions of the Act. The powers of the Federal and Provincial


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Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) were also considerablyenhanced under this legislation and they have been given the power toconduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental laws either oftheir own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint.

2.6 SINDH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 2014

The Sindh Environmental Protection Act was notified by the ProvincialAssembly of Sindh via notification no. PAS/Legis-B-06/2014 dated March20, 2014. The Act extends to whole of the province of Sindh and is toprovide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement ofthe environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotionof sustainable development.

Under Section 2(xxxl), the Act defines "pollution" as the contamination ofair, land or water by the discharge or emission of effluent or wastes or airpollutants or noise or other matter which either directly or indirectly or incombination with other discharges or substances alters unfavorably thechemical, physical, biological, radiation, thermal or radiological or aestheticproperties of the air, land or water or which may, or is likely to make the air,land or water unclean, noxious or impure or injurious, disagreeable ordetrimental to the health, safety, welfare or property of persons or harmfulto biodiversity.

The Act, under Section 17, empowers the EPA Sindh to acquire from theproponent an EIA/IEE assessment document of any project prior tocommencement of any construction or operation activities. Section 19,empowers the EPA Sindh to acquire from the proponent an EMP of anyproject or activity so as to acquire comprehensive appraisal of theenvironmental aspects of that project or activity, mentioned in SindhEnvironmental Protection Act 2014

2.7 THE SINDH EPA REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS 2014

In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 37 of the SindhEnvironmental Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental ProtectionAgency, with the approval of Government of Sindh has notified the ‘SindhEnvironmental Protection Agency (Review of Initial EnvironmentalExamination and Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, 2014’vide notification No. EPA/TECH/739/2014 dated 16th December 2014.

This regulation describes the procedure for conducting environmentalassessments and their approval process. Categories for projects requiring


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IEE, EIA or Environmental Checklists is mentioned in the regulation. Theenvironmental assessment includes preparation of an EnvironmentalManagement Plan (EMP). SEPA Review of IEE/EIA regulations 2014 isattached for ready reference and further guidance.

2.7.1 Other Relevant Laws

2.7.1.1 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance

At present, the only legislation relating to land acquisition andcompensation is the Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894. The LAA is,however, limited to a cash compensation policy for the acquisition of landand built-up property, and damage to other assets, such as crops, trees,and infrastructure. The LAA does not consider the rehabilitation andresettlement of disrupted population and the restoration of their livelihoods.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) came forward and provided financialand technical assistance to the GoP in 1999. The MoE and Urban Affairsthen engaged consultants who prepared the Draft National Policy which stillis in the draft form and has not yet passed cabinet approval.

2.7.1.2 Land Acquisition Act, 1894

The 1894 Land Acquisition Act (LAA) with its successive amendments isthe main law regulating land acquisition for public purpose in Pakistan. TheLAA has been variously interpreted by local governments, and someprovince has augmented the LAA by issuing provincial legislations. TheLAA and its Implementation Rules require that following an impactsassessment/valuation effort, land and crops are compensated in cash atmarket rate to titled landowners and registered land tenants/users,respectively.

The LAA mandates that land valuation is to be based on the latest 3-5years average registered land sale rates, though, in several recent casesthe median rate over the past year, or even the current rates, have beenapplied. Due to widespread land under-valuation by the RevenueDepartment, current market rates are now frequently used with an added15 per cent Compulsory Acquisition Surcharge as provided in the LAA.

Based on the LAA, only legal owners and tenants registered with theLand Revenue Department or possessing formal lease agreements areeligible for compensation or livelihood support.


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It is also noted that the LAA does not automatically mandate for specificrehabilitation / assistance provisions benefiting the poor, vulnerablegroups, or severely affected PAPs, nor it automatically provides forrehabilitation of income/livelihood losses or resettlement costs. Thishowever it is often done in many projects in form of ad hoc arrangementsbased on negotiations between a specific Environmental Approval (EA)and the PAPs.

Exceptions to the rule are intrinsic to the fact that the law is elastic andare broadly interpreted at provincial level depending on operationalrequirements, local needs, and socio-economic circumstances.

Recourse is often taken to ad hoc arrangements, agreements andunderstandings for resettlement in difficult situations. The above is alsoinfluenced by the fact that an amendment of the LAA has beenconsidered necessary by the Ministry of Environment. Accordingly, aNational Resettlement Policy (NRP) and a Resettlement Ordinance havebeen drafted to broaden LAA provisions and current practices so as towiden the scope of eligibility and tightening up loopholes (i.e. regardingdefinitions of malpractices, cut-off dates, political influence on routing,etc.). But both these documents are still awaiting government’s approvalfor implementation.

The Act would apply for all the situations during the project when land areafor the purpose of the project is needed to be acquired.

2.7.1.3 Affected Person Ordinance 2001

This Ordinance was promulgated in 2001 by the federal government toprovide relief to persons or households affected by any Project due to lossof land or displacement. The Project under review is not affected by theprovisions of this law as no displacement of population is expected tooccur.

2.7.1.4 Biodiversity Action Plan

The key to protection of the biological heritage of Pakistan lies in theinvolvement of local people and in the support provided by competentinstitutions for conservation and sustainable use. The Government ofPakistan has recognized the importance of these measures in thepreparation of the National Conservation Strategy and in becoming asignatory to, and ratifying, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in


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1994. Developing the Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan, 2000 has beenthe most significant direct steps towards addressing the biodiversity loss.

The BAP recognizes that an EIA is used as a tool at a project level toidentify environmental effects of a proposed project and to plan for reducingadverse effects. The BAP further stipulates that an EIA needs to beinitiated at an early stage of project development and that publicparticipation in the review of potential effects is important.

2.7.1.5 Canal and Drainage Act, 1873

The Canal and Drainage Act (1873) prohibits corruption or fouling of waterin canals (defined to include channels, tube wells, reservoirs andwatercourses), or obstruction of drainage. This Act will be applicable to theconstruction and O&M works to be carried out during the proposed Project.

2.7.1.6 The Sindh Irrigation Act 1879

This Act empowers the GoS to use the natural sources of water such aslakes, rivers, and streams, for supply of water for irrigation and otherpurposes. It allows the government to develop the required infrastructure,for example, canals, channels, pipelines, for the supply of water. It alsoallows the government to charge fee for the supply of water and regulatethe water supply. The Irrigation Department of the Government of Sindh isthe concerned department to which the project proponents have to apply toseek permit to obtain water from Indus River. The irrigation department willalso charge fee as per the prevalent rates.

2.7.1.7 Employment of child Act, 1991

Article 11 (3) of the Constitution of Pakistan prohibits employment ofchildren below the age of 14 years in any factory, mines or any otherhazardous employment. In accordance with this Article, the Employment ofChild Act (ECA) 1991 disallows child labor in the country. The ECA definesa child to mean a person who has not completed his/her fourteenth year ofage. The ECA states that no child shall be employed or permitted to work inany of the occupations set forth in the ECA (such as transport sector,railways, construction, and ports) or in any workshop wherein any of theprocesses defined in the Act is carried out. The processes defined in theAct include carpet weaving, bidi (kind of a cigarette) making, cementmanufacturing, textile, construction and others. REL and its contractors willbe bound by the ECA to disallow any child labor at the Project sites orcampsites.


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2.7.1.8 Cutting of Trees Act, 1975&Protection of Trees &Bush Wood Act, 1949

The Cutting of Trees Act prohibits cutting or chopping of trees without priorpermission of the Forest Department. Section 3 of this Act states “Noperson shall, without the prior written approval of the local formationcommander or an officer authorized by him in this behalf, cut fell or damageor cause to cut, fell or damage any tree.”

Similarly, the Protection of Trees and Bush wood Act, 1949 prohibits cuttingof trees and bush wood without permission of the Forest Department. TheAct was enforced to prevent unlawful removal /clearing of trees and greenareas for any reason without the consent of the Forest Department.

2.7.1.9 Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972

The Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance was approved in pursuance of theMartial Law Proclamation of 25th March, 1969. Under this Ordinance, threetypes of protected areas viz. National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and GameReserve have been notified for protection, conservation, preservation andmanagement of wildlife.

This law declares any such area and its wildlife the sole property of theGovernment, making it accessible only to public for recreation, educationand research. No hunting, shooting, trapping or killing is allowed withoutobtaining a special permit to do so within specific conditions and timelimitations.

2.7.1.10 Antiquities Act, 1975

The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservationof archaeological/historical sites and monuments.

2.7.1.11 The Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994

This provincial Act empowers the Government of Sindh (GoS) to preserveand protect any premises or objects of archaeological, architectural,historical, cultural, or national interest in Sindh by declaring them protected.

Among various provisions of this act some are, formation of an AdvisoryCommittee to government to overlook and subsequent right of Acquisitionof a protected heritage of architectural, historical, archaeological or nationalvalue, custodian/guardianship rights for preservation and declaration ofprotected heritage, evaluation of ownership rights, take legal action againstany offender who attempts to damage, destroy, remove, deface, alter or


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imperil the protected heritage or to build on or near the site. It also detailsthe purchase, maintenance and repair works of a protected heritage underthe government’s jurisdiction. The advisory committee may also receivevoluntary donations towards the cost of maintenance of a protectedheritage site. The act also establishes the right of access to certainprotected heritage sites, penalties for violators, formulation of rules andprovides protection to the persons working under this Act.

2.7.1.12 Sindh Local Government Ordinances, 2001

These ordinances issued following the devolution process, establishregulations for land use, the conservation of natural vegetation, air, water,and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents aswell as matters related to public health and safety.

2.7.1.13 Forest Act, 1927

This Act provides rules and regulations for the protection of forests, controlof timber and other forest-produce transit, village forest and social forestry.The Act is being revised as the law was framed for regulating forests allover India. It was adopted as it is after the creation of Pakistan and itcontinues to remain in force till to date without assessing whether it fulfillspresent day`s requirements or not.

This act has been comprehensively formed and specifies concernedagency the power to declare protected and reserved forests by governmentnotification, powers entitled to forest settlement officers, power to acquireland over which right was claimed, powers to stop ways and water-coursesin reserved forests, healing of claims relating to shifting cultivation, powerto issue and publish notification to reserve trees, power to make rules forprotected forests, power to declare forest no longer reserved, order onrights of pasture or transit forest-produce, record keeping by the forestsettlement officer, commutation of right to appeal, time limit for resolution ofclaims and appeals, notification of acts prohibited in such forests (unlawfulcutting of trees), awarding penalties on violations.

2.7.1.14 National Forest Policy, 2001

The National Forest Policy deals with the Renewable Natural Resources(RNR) of Pakistan such as forests, watersheds, rangelands, wildlife,biodiversity and their habitats with the aim to eliminate the causes ofdepletion to such resources through the active participation of variousconcerned stakeholders and government departments.


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Some of the main elements of this policy include reducing the impact ofsocio-economic causes such as population planning, providing substitutesto firewood, poverty alleviation, reducing political interference in the forestand wildlife departments, renovating and invigorating institutions of RNR(local governments i.e. districts), policies for fragile eco-systems (mountainforests, mangroves), development of rain forests, maintaining irrigatedplantations, preservation of unique forests, protection of wildlife, rangelandsand desert eco-systems, planting of trees and fodders on farmlands andgeneral monitoring and evaluation schemes.

2.8 NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NEPRA)ACT, 1997

The NEPRA Act was approved by Parliament and signed into law inDecember 1997. It seeks to create an autonomous, independent regulatoryauthority, which will be solely responsible for the power sector. It will beresponsible for the oversight of the power sector and will exercise controlthrough its power to license power generation, transmission anddistribution. It will regulate tariffs for all these activities. It will perform itsfunctions through transparent processes to be enshrined in rules that arebeing framed in a transparent manner through appropriate rules.

2.8.1 Power Policy 1998

The revised power policy was implemented in 1998. The objective andintentions of the Government of Pakistan (GOP) to new policy is to movetowards the creation of a competitive power market in Pakistan. It proposesto do so by restructuring and privatizing the existing thermal powergeneration, the power transmission and distribution functions and assets ofexisting public sector utilities (WAPDA/K-Electric), by the creation of a fullyautonomous regulatory authority, the National Electric Power RegulatoryAuthority (NEPRA), and through its future IPP policy. The salient featuresof the Policy are;

The basis for selection of private power project will be minimum level-zedtariff through International Competitive Bidding. Variable tariffs over thelife of the project will be permitted under terms specified prior to bidding.The process of selection will involve pre-qualification, issuance of aRequest for Reports (RFP), bidding and evaluation of bids against bidcriteria clearly laid out in the RFP.

It is recognized that without a proper feasibility study for a particular sitespecific hydel or indigenous coal based project, it will not be possible to


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invite competitive bids and receive firm offers. Thus, detailed feasibilitystudies for such projects will be prepared before bids are invited.

Competitive Tariffs will comprise an Energy Purchase price and aCapacity Purchase Price with adequate provisions for escalation.

2.9 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND TREATIES/CONVENTIONS

2.9.1 World Bank Guidelines on Environment

The principal World Bank publications that contain environmentalguidelines are listed below.

Environmental Assessment-Operational Policy 4.01. Washington, DC,USA. World Bank 1999

Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Towards CleanerProduction, Environment Department, the World Bank, United NationsIndustrial Development Organization and the United NationsEnvironment Program, 1998

Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Polices, Procedures,and Cross- Sectoral Issues. World Bank Technical Paper Number 139,Environment Department, the World Bank, 1991

Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III: Guidelines forEnvironmental Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects. World BankTechnical Paper No. 154, Environment Department, the World Bank,1991

The first two publications listed here provide general guidelines for theconduct of an EIA, and address the EIA practitioners themselves as well asproject designers. While the Sourcebook in particular has been designedfor the Bank projects, and is especially relevant for the impact assessmentof large-scale infrastructure projects, it contains enormous informationwhich is useful to environmentalists and project proponents.

2.9.2 International Convention on Biodiversity

The International Convention on biodiversity was adopted during the EarthSummit of 1992 at Rio de Janeiro. The Convention requires parties todevelop national plans for the conservation and sustainable use ofbiodiversity and to integrate these plans into national developmentprograms and policies. Parties are also required to identify components of


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biodiversity that are important for conservation, and to develop systems tomonitor the use of such components with a view to promoting theirsustainable use.

2.9.3 Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety andHealth Laws and Regulations

International and National Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), suchas the International Union for Conservation of Nature and NaturalResources (IUCN) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), have beenactive in Pakistan for some time. Both of these NGOs have worked closelywith the Governments at the Federal as well as Provincial levels and havepositively contributed to the cause of environment. They have playedsignificant role with regard to the formulation of environmental andconservation policies. And last but not the least, another the mostprominent NGO namely “Sustainable Development Policy Institute” (SDPI)has also played very significant role in upholding the cause ofenvironmental protection in Pakistan. Environmental NGOs have beenparticularly active in the advocacy for promoting sustainable developmentapproaches. Most of the government’s environmental and conservationpolicies, even at the provincial and federal levels, have been formulated inconsultation with these leading NGOs, who have also been involved indrafting new legislation on conservation.


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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

3.1 GENERALThis section deals with project components, which are the part ofinstallation of 60 MW (gross) bagasse based cogeneration power plant andits related construction activities for execution of this project. It alsodescribes the category of the project, availability of construction materials,type of vegetation in the project area, construction time and cost of theproject, construction and operation equipment etc. The informationpresented in this section is based on project site survey, preliminary designreport, and the information provided by the client.

3.2 TYPE AND CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT

Acute shortage of energy in the country besides the high fuel costs and useof low quality oil is causing a significant loss of production resulting innegative economic impact. Thus, use of bagasse from local source mayprovide cost efficient energy. The use of bagasse as source of energyproduction is on high priority of government to overcome this energyshortage. Therefore, M/S Ranipur Energy Limited, are planning to set up 60MW (gross) co-generation power plant. The purpose of the project is toprovide the reliable bagasse energy with affordable cost.

In accordance with the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Review ofInitial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact AssessmentRegulations, 2014, the project falls in Schedule –II, Part-B ‘Energy’therefore, requires the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study forsustainable development and to submit in provincial EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA), for issuance of Environmental Approval (EA).

3.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The project aims to produce electricity to supply national grid to SEPCOthus reducing the supply and demand gap. The proposed power plant is astandalone power producing unit based on Bagasse fired Boilers along withSteam Turbine Generator Set.

The main objectives of the Project are to:

Respond to the urgent need to close the widening gap between powergeneration and demand at Ranipur, Taluka Kot Digi, District Khairpur,Sindh Ensure stable power supply to SEPCO

Provide employment to the local people;


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Respond to the need of improvement in quality of life throughsustainable power production systems.

3.3.1 Project Benefits The major benefit of this project is that it would generate many facilities

in the region such as communication, employment and transport. It willalso benefit the district by the development of the rural area.

The major share of the district income is from the agriculture sector.Agriculture resources can be used for conversion into value addedproducts.

3.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT

Currently, the country is facing a massive power crisis and to meet theincreasing electricity demand, it is the need of the hour to expediteregulatory approvals, mitigate losses and pay attention for fluctuationand tripping in the power generation system.

The position with regard to availability of power has deteriorated andhas compelled WAPDA to go for forced load-shedding.

3.4.1 Project Mission To undertake integrated Agriculture i.e. bagasse /husk based Energy

Projects through optimal utilization of locally available resources.

3.5 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED REALISTICALLY AND REASON FORTHEIR REJECTION

3.5.1 No Action (Zero Option)This option requires the EIA to consider the potential positive and negativeimpacts that may arise if the project did not go ahead.

The project will be using available quantity of bagasse (renewable energysource) for additional generation of 60 MW (gross) electricity during 120days of cane crushing season to supply power to national grid.Displacement of fossil fuel energy production during bagasse use periodwill also result in a net reduction in CO2 emissions so contributing to thecontrol of climate change.

The project would also provide additional revenue to the sugar industrywhich will help to secure its future and so offset some of the current andincreasing pressures on the financial viability of the sugar sector.


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The zero option would, however, remove the potentially negative impacts ofthe proposed development, primarily associated with the clearing ofexisting ecological habitats during the construction of the transmission lineto Gambat Grid Station approximately 6 Km from the facility. However,there is already a grid in the close proximity to the proposed project.

3.5.2 Proposed Power Plant SiteWhen the need for additional power generation capacity was confirmed,

REL had reviewed a number of sitting options prior to the selection of the

final proposed location.

Selection of site for installation of a cogeneration power plant is based on

following criteria:

Availability of land

Availability of fuel

Availability of water for cooling and process;

Access to electric grid station and transmission system;

Availability of infrastructure;

Availability of managerial and skilled personnel.

The cogeneration power plant, under reference of this EIA is intrinsically

linked with the sugar factory as discussed within the project description.

This linkage is twofold, firstly the supply of bagasse from the factory to the

cogeneration power plant and secondly the provision of steam to the

factory from the cogeneration plant with the return of good quality

condensate. Due to the physical restrictions within the RSML factory site

and the requirements for the two plants to be in close proximity, no

practical alternative site locations exist, except the site that has been

proposed.

Major relocation of the plant, away from the RSML sugar factory, would add

significant additional capital and operational costs (steam/condensate pipe

work and bagasse transport) and was not therefore considered a practical


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or reasonable option. The base case site is also the least environmentally

sensitive of any alternative location that may exist around the site.

The proposed site; adjacent to the RSML; has the entire infrastructureavailable. Water will be available from tube-wells (ground water) and analternative surface water source of nearby canal; SEPCO proposed 132kVGambat Grid Station is located at about 6 kilometers distance; adequateworkshop and maintenance facilities, along with trained, experienced andskilled workshop technicians are available who are already running theworkshop available at RSML. Similarly, experienced and skilled managerialmanpower is also available in the area.

3.5.3 Cogeneration OptionCogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generationsince long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing andenergy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above thesugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in theform of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace a partof fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainable mix inpower generation.

Cogeneration with power export will assist in reducing greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions. In order to continue reliable, efficient and safeoperation, the existing steam and power generation system will be closeddown and replaced with the more efficient system in proposed power plant.Presently, sugar industry world-wide except for Pakistan uses high-pressure boilers by burning bagasse and the high pressure steam forpower generation and the low pressure steam for process heat.Introduction of high-pressure technology in Pakistan will result in morepower production to supply to the national grid and less emission of GHG.


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Figure-3.1: Location of Project Plant Site


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Figure-3.2: Plant Layout Map

LAB

R A N I P U R - K H A I R P U R ROAD

VerticalCrysti-lizer

ProcessHouse

ExistingPowerHouse

ProposedPowerHouse

BaggingHouse

Water Tanks

Clarif. House

Mill House

MAIN GATE

Spray Pond

MolassesPits

Road

CANEGATE

BASIC OUTLINE OFPLANT STRUCTURE

FOR PROPOSEDAPPROX. 60MWCOGENERATION

POWER PROJECT BYM/S RANIPUR

ENERGY (PVT) LTD.

Store Back Side Yard

MAIN OFFICE

Work Shop &Store

Proposed 132kVSwitchyard

Existing Boilers

Proposed HighPressure Boiler

Injection Pumps,WAPDA Transformer

Room, ElectricalPanel and Diesel

Generator

Godown Area


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3.5.4 Options for BoilersThe only option to use the bagasse effectively is the combustion route,where the bagasse is combusted in a boiler to generate steam. However,because of the nature of and characteristics of bagasse, both atmospheric& circulating fluidized bed technologies (AFBC and CFBC) and thepulverized fuel (PF) combustion technologies are not suitable for the stand-alone combustion of bagasse.

Many options are available for selection of boiler pressures andtemperature. Table - 3.1, below, presents the production of steam andexpected power generation at various pressure/temperature levels.

Table 3.1: Production of Steam and Power Generation

Steam Cycle(Bar/o C)

SteamProduction

(tonnes)

Power Generation(kW)

21/340 2,50 227.3

32/380 2.43 286.0

42/400 2.40 313.0

45/440 2.33 328.0

67/480 2.27 378.0

87/510 2.24 401.0

110-125/540 2.21 437.0

Using bagasse as fuel and travelling grate furnace, the optimum option isselection of boiler pressure at or close to 110-125/540(pressure/temperature). At higher pressures the steam turbine efficiencyalso increases. A change in pressure cycle from 21/340 to 110-125/540increases the power generation by 88%. Under the circumstance theselected boilers with high pressure is the best alternative. REL isconsidering with 110-125 bar / 540⁰C.

3.5.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVESRenewable resources such as wind power, micro hydro, and solarphotovoltaic are not feasible options at the current time, but are subject tofuture consideration, particularly with respect to the price of fuel. Withavailability of bagasse for approximately 180 days the option of using otherrenewable energy sources will be highly cost ineffective.


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3.6 ANALYSIS OF COGENERATION

Cogeneration has been adopted as standard means of energy generationsince long by the sugar industry. With the use of efficient processing andenergy management systems, energy from bagasse, over and above thesugar factory needs, is available and can be exported conveniently in theform of electric power. Application of sugar cogeneration will replace a partof fossil-based electricity generation leading to a more sustainable mix inpower generation. Cogeneration with power export will assist in reducinggreenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions.

3.7 ANALYSIS OF FUEL

Fossil energy resources consist primarily of natural gas and furnace oil.Domestic oil supply is considered negligible and natural gas resources arebecoming scarce in Sindh. Moreover, domestic coal is very high in sulphurand ash content, which will lead to severe environmental hazards. Theproject’s proposal for using bagasse is the best option for environmentaland economic reasons. In the absence of any cheaper fuel, bagasseutilization is of prime importance.

3.8 VEGETATION FEATURES OF THE SITE

The project site and its vicinity have some sort of shrubs with no significantenvironmental importance. The land is barren and not cultivated during thesite visits except some part of land which is far away from the proposedproject site.

3.9 COST AND MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The project cost as initially estimated will be US$ 84 million. This costestimate has been prepared in April, 2017. The quantities have beenworked out from the design drawings. The rates for cost estimates arebased on construction work, contractor cost, cost of land, and cost of theraw materials, environmental cost and with about ±10% escalation for theyear 2017.

3.10 SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION

It is planned that the following schedule of project implementation will beadhered to. This is subject to the conditions that everything goes accordingto planning and no serious bottlenecks are encountered.


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The implementation stages of the project activity include:1st Stage

The stage-1 comprises the onsite contouring studies and soilinvestigations.

2nd Stage

The stage - 2 comprises the following task:

i- Laying of foundations excavation and commencement of erectionwork.

ii- Start of civil, electrical and mechanical work.

iii- Development of basic infrastructure.

iv- Fitting of instrumentation.

3rdStage

The stage - 3 comprises the following task:

v- Plant Equipment erection completion.

vi- Completion of the basic infrastructures water supply system,electricity supply etc.

4thStage

The stage - 3 comprises the Tests & Commissioning.

5th Stage

The Last stage will be commencement of regular production (December2019).

3.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT (PROCESS FLOW CHART/STEPS)

Project is installation of 60 MW bagasse fired power plant. A flow sheetdiagram of the proposed project is given in Figure - 3.3.


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Figure - 3.3: Process Flow Sheet Diagram of the Project

3.11.1 Technical Aspects

Co-generation based on Rankine Cycle is not new to the sugar industry,however, Co-generation based on high pressure boilers and extractioncondensing or straight condensing machines are definitely new to theindustry. In olden days, the power cycle adopted was bases on 14 kg/cm2

(g) and 21 kg/cm2 (g). This has been gradually increasing to 32 kg/cm2, (g),45 kg/cm2, (g), 66 kg/cm2, (g), 86 kg/cm2, (g), 110 kg/cm2, (g) and nowstabilized at 125 kg/cm2 (g) and 5400C. With the size of the co-generationplant going above 40MW the use of 135 kg/cm2 (g) pressure cycles arebeing explored. The following highlights a few of the technical issues fordesigning of the co-generation projects.

3.11.1.1 The Basic Design of the Co-Generation Plant

Basically the co-generation plant configuration is site specific, even though,

even though some amount of standardization could be made for the gross

root plants. The scheme should consider the available bagasse, the


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variation in the bagasse availability. Considering the variation in the

bagasse availability and the possible variation in the process steam

consumption and the number of days of operation, maybe it is better to go

down size of the plant and ensure maximum plant load factors. The plant

cycle should be optimized to give best efficiency.

Even though there is no limit to the achievable steam pressure and

temperatures with bagasse firing, it is essential a cost benefit study is made

before deciding on the steam cycle parameters. In such a study proper

consideration should be given to the cost aspect of the higher grade

metallurgy of the turbine and the boiler, specifically the super-heater and

the piping. With the industry almost systems; their co-generation efficiency

ranges from 84% to 92%.

Based on priority in utilizing the available energy, electricity or heat, co-

generation systems are classified as topping cycle (where priority is for

generating electricity) and bottoming cycle (where heat takes priority over

electricity).

3.11.1.2 Topping Cycle

The topping cycle is the most commonly used method of co-generation. Inthis cycle, fuel is used first for producing electricity and then for heat.Steam turbine topping cycles are commonly used in the pulp and paperindustry; heat recovery and combined cycle systems are used in manychemical plants; and gas turbine cycles are useful in central heating orcooling systems.


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Fig 3.4: Back-pressure steam turbine system

3.11.2 Technology Description3.11.2.1 Basic Process

The thermodynamic cycle for the steam turbine is known as the Rankinecycle. This cycle is the basis for conventional power generating stationsand consists of a heat source (boiler) that converts water to high pressuresteam. In the steam cycle, water is first pumped to elevated pressure,which is medium to high pressure, depending on the size of the unit andthe temperature to which the steam is eventually heated. It is then heatedto the boiling temperature corresponding to the pressure, boiled (heatedfrom liquid to vapor), and then most frequently super heated (heated to atemperature above that of boiling).

The pressurized steam is expanded to lower pressure in a turbine, thenexhausted either to a condenser at vacuum conditions, or into anintermediate temperature steam distribution system that delivers the steamto the industrial or commercial application. The condensate from thecondenser or from the industrial steam utilization system is returned to thefeed water pump for continuation of the cycle.


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3.11.2.2 Components

A schematic representation of a steam turbine power system is shownbelow.In the simple schematic shown, a fuel boiler produces steam which isexpanded in the steam turbine to produce power. When the system isdesigned for power generation only, such as in a large utility power system,the steam is exhausted from the turbine at the lowest practical pressure,through the use of a water-cooled condenser to extract the maximumamount of energy from the steam.

Fig 3.5: Boiler / Steam Turbine System

3.11.2.3 Details of the Generation Facility/ Power Plant

Table 3.1: General Information

1. Name of facility Ranipur Energy (Pvt.) Limited

2. Registered/Business Office C-98, kahkashan Scheme No. 5, Block

No.2, Clifton Karachi

3. Plant Location Ranipur Sugar Mills (Pvt) Ltd, Ranipur,

Kot Taluka Digi, Dist. Khairpur, Sindh.

4. Type of Generation Facility Bagasse Based Cogeneration Facility.


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3.11.2.2 Components












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3.11.2.2 Components












Page 38

Table 3.2: Plant Configuration

1. Plant size Installed Capacity

(Gross ISO)

60 MW (Gross)

2. Type of Technology Steam Turbine Generator

3. Number of Unit Generator No.1

4. Size of Units (MW) 1 x 60 MW

5. Unit Make & Model Under

consideration

(imported)

6. Commissioning/Commercial

Operation date (of each

Unit)

1st quarter of 2019

Minimum Expected Life of

the Facility form

Commercial

Operation/Commissioning

Date

30 Years

Table 3.3: Fuel Details

(i) Primary Fuel Bagasse

(ii) Alternate / Backup Fuel Biomass

(iii) Fuel Source for each of the

above (i.e Imported/

Indigenous)

Indigenous

(iv

)

Fuel Source (Imported /

Indigenous)

Primary Fuel Alternate / Back-up

Fuel

Bagasse Biomass

(v) Fuel Supplier From Sugar Mills From Any Supplier

(vi

)

Supply

Arrangement

Primary

Fuel

Alternate/

Back- Up Fuel

Through Conveyor

Belts/

Through Loading

(vii Sugarcane Crushing 8000 TCD


Page 39

) Capacity

(vii

i)

Bagasse Generation

Capacity2400 Ton/Day

(ix

)

Fuel Storage facilities Primary

Fuel

Alternate/

Back- Up Fuel

Within

Premises

Yard

Near Boiler

(x) Capacity of Storage Facilities Primary

Fuel

Alternate/

Back- Up Fuel

120000 TonStore-

1

Sto

re-2

Stor

e-3

Stor

e-4

10000

tonx x x

(xi

)

Gross Storage Capacity Primary

Fuel

Alternate / Backup Fuel

130000 Ton x

Table 3.4: Emission Values

1. Oxide of Sulfer (Sox) Not Applicable

2. Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) 650 mg/Nm3

3. Carbon Monoxide ()CO 986 mg/Nm3

4. Particulate Matter (PM10 ) Not Applicable

Table 3.5: Cooling System

1. Cooling water

Source/Cycle

Canal Water obtained through tube

wells/Closed Loop + R.O(Treated water)

Table 3.6: REL Plant Description

(i) Plant size installed capacity 60 MW (Gross)

(ii) Type of Technology Cogeneration Plant with

high pressure boiler of 110-

125 bar, 540⁰ C class; turbo


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generator with extraction

steam and condenser,

cooling towers and balance

of plant

(iii) Number of Units/Size (MW) 1 x 60 MW

(iv) Fuel Bagasse except for start up

(iv) Unit Make/ Model & Year of Manufacture New boiler, steam turbine

turbo generator, switch gear

and BOP

(v) Commissioning/Commercial Operation

date of each Unit of the Generation

Facility

Within 20 months from

financial Close

(vi) Expected Useful Life of the each Unit of

the eneration Facility from its

Commercial Operation/ Commissioning

Date

30 years

(vii) Expected Remaining useful Life of each

Unit of the Generation Facility (at the time

of grant of (Generation License)

30 years

(viii

)

Generation Voltage 11000 Volts

(ix) Frequency 50 Hz

(x) Power Factor 0.8

(xi) Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Yes

(xii) Ramping Rate 3.2 Kw/sec

(xiii

)

Time required to Synchronize to Grid 10 hours for cold start

Table 3.7: Technical Details of Proposed Co-Generation Power Plant

Description Season Off- Season

Days 120 60

Gross Capacity ( MW) 60 60


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Description Season Off- Season

Auxiliary Consumption ( MW) 6 6

Net Installed capacity ( MW) 54 54

Sugar Mills Consumption (

MW)

8 0.50

Exportable Capacity to Grid 46 53.5

Total Bagasse Generated 288,000 Tons -

Total Bagasse Consumed 192,000 Tons 96,000 Tons

Off-season steam generation 422,400 Tons 211,200 Tons

3.12 CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS & OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

3.12.1 Construction Materials

Comparatively reasonable quantities of buildings and other facilityconstruction materials will be required for construction of the proposedfacility. The materials mainly required are listed below:

Coarse and fine aggregate for concrete works

Sandy gravel for backfilling, embankment raising, etc.

Cement

Steel

Bitumen

Electric Equipments

Lights

Other materials etc.

3.12.2 Construction Camps

The establishment of the construction camp will be done within the plantfacility. Location of the camp will be selected in a way that there will not beany disturbance to the nearest community and it is also close to the site ofwork or within the project site. Camp will be properly fenced and guarded.This site camp will be constructed mainly for construction staff and toaccommodate Contractor’s machinery. The area of the camp will be keptsufficiently large to accommodate parking areas for machinery,construction materials and workshops.


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3.12.3 Work Force and Work Machinery

The details of the construction staff has been shown below in Table - 3.8.The labour will work in one-shift of eight (8) hours. The constructionmachinery which will be utilized for construction is shown in Table- 3.9.

Table - 3.8: List of Construction Staff

Sr.No.

Category of Staff Tentative Number

1 Engineer 5

2 Construction Manager 1

3 Planning Engineer 3

4 Material Engineer 3

5 Site Engineer 2

6 Supervisor 5

7 Foreman 15

8 Skilled Worker 30

9 Semi Skilled Worker 50

10 Machinery Operator 16

11 Admin. 2

Table - 3.9: List of Construction Machinery to be used forConstruction

Sr.No.

Type of Machinery Quantity

1 Excavator 1

2 Dumper& Loader 1

3 Tractor & Trolley 4

4 Water Bowser 1

5 Lift/Crane 1

6 Generator 1

7 Concrete Pump 3


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Sr.No.

Type of Machinery Quantity

8 Water Pump 3

9 Welding Plant 5

10 Concrete Mixing Plant 1

At operation stage, the project proponent will be involved for operation andmaintenance of the proposed facility.

3.13 PLANT AND MACHINERY

3.13.1 Bagasse Handling System

Bagasse generated from the Sugar Mill is fed to the existing boilers through

a conveying system & surplus bagasse is conveyed to the storage area.

The conveyor is proposed to be modified to handle the additional quantity &

extended to feed the new Boiler.

Excess bagasse from the New Boiler will be fed to a conveyor and

conveyed to the Yard in parallel to the existing Conveyer.

During off season/ stoppage of Mill, the stored Bagasse will be fed using

the existing Return Conveyor and dropped to a new conveyor proposed for

the Boiler.

3.13.2 Ash Handling System

Ash handling system will comprise;

A. Bed Ash: Submerged Ash conveyor

The bed ash is collected in front of the boiler in a submerged AshConveyor and conveyed to MS Ah Silo of about minimum 8 hrs storage(Keeping future expansion) through a Belt Conveyor.

B. Fly Ash: Pneumatic Ash Handling

It is envisaged to provide Dense Phase type Ash Handling System forhandling Fly ash generated from Air pre-heater, Economizer & Electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The system will consist of Surge Hoppersbelow Air pre-heater, Economizer and ESP hopper, Conveying Pipesand Ash storage Silo for minimum 8 hrs storage capacity (Keepingfuture expansion).


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3.13.3 Cooling Tower

Cooling towers of induced Draft, Counter Flow type shall be provided. The

cooling tower will have RCC basin & filled with PVC film. The cooling tower

shall be designed for catering the cooling water requirement for the Cogen

plant auxiliaries including condenser, oil coolers, air coolers, air

compressors, Boiler feed pumps, etc.

The cooling water system will be provided with chlorination dosing system

and circulating water chemical treatment system to prevent against algae

growth and to maintain circulating water quality.

3.13.4 Compressed Air System

This compressor system will meet with both instrument air as well as theservice air requirement of the plant. The service air shall be tapped off fromthe air receiver, without passing through the air dryer. Compressed airsystem will consist of Compressors, inter & after Cooler, Refrigeration Typeair Drier, Air receiver & Instrument Air Distribution Network. The distributionNetwork will cover instrument air requirement for the pneumatic devices inpower plant.

3.13.5 Thermal Insulation

All exposed portions of the plant, which operate at temperature of 600oCand above during normal operation will be thermally insulated. The thermalinsulation is carried out to restrict the temperature on the souter surface ofthe cladding to 200oC above ambient. The insulation is designed based ona wind velocity of 3m/sec.

3.13.6 Personal Protection

Piping and equipment within reach that do not require insulation to preventheat loss, but having a surface temperature exceeding 600oC will beinsulated for personal protection

3.13.7 Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

Ventilation and Air conditioning facilities will be provided for the variousplant premises to ensure proper working environment both for men &machines and to maintain necessary environmental conditions for properstorage of plant machinery, Equipment and Materials. While the ControlRoom will be provided with Floor standing / wall mounted Split ACs. Redial


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Exhaust Fans will be provided in the TG Hall & Electrical Switchgear Roomfor proper ventilation.

3.14 GOVERNMENT APPROVALS AND LEASES REQUIRED BY PROJECT

The approvals have been applied for. The environmental approvalaccording to the Section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection Act-2014 isthe mandatory requirement of the project. All the other approvals pertainingto the project are under process from various departments.


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4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the baseline conditions, which cover the existingphysical, ecological and socio-economic environment of the Study Area.Information on these aspects has been derived from the desk study ofavailable data, field visits to the project area as well as information obtainedthrough visits to the Government departments and other agencies namelyIrrigation Department, Meteorological Department, Forest offices andprevailing environmental laws and environmental quality standards etc.

4.1.1 Desk Studies

Building design data was collected from proponent. This data included theavailable documents, drawings, reports, etc related to the proposed projectof commercial and related utilities. The experts conducted a detailed deskstudy of the above available data before the field visit. Salient features ofthe project were thoroughly reviewed to assess their environmentalimplications. The documents which were consulted and departments visitedare project site, Irrigation Department, Meteorological Department, Forestoffices and other related officials.

4.1.2 Site Visits

A team of experts visited to the proposed site for collection of baselineenvironmental data for ambient air, noise levels, drinking water and wastewater sampling, public consultation, baseline ecological environment dataetc.

After the survey of the project area the environmental data regardingphysical, ecological and socioeconomic aspects were collected for carryingout environmental assessment. Secondary data were also collected fromvarious sources mainly studies carried out by project proponents andreports of other line Departments. A social survey of the proposed areawas carried in which people living around the proposed site wereinterviewed to ascertain their views about the building and utility facilitiescommissioning and operational activities to perceive the impacts on thenatural and socioeconomic environment around the proposed project site.This included information on land, surface water, groundwater, air,vegetation, animals and human.


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4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.2.1 Topography

The proposed project activities will be carried out within the Kot Digi Talukaof the Khairpur Districts respectively.

The north-western part of Nara is composed of a series of low lyinghills/ridges (100 m high) of limestone that run for 45 km from north east tosouth east. An old flood course or branch of River Indus called Narapasses through the western portion of the desert zone. It was turned to aperennial canal taken out from Guddu Barrage. The areas adjacent to Naracanal watered by lift irrigation is quite fertile and presents a scene of anoasis in the vast desert composed of sand dunes of considerable height.The soils of Khairpur can be divided into four broader types:

Loamy and some stratified soils of young flood plains,

Loamy and clayey soils of older river plains,

Rock outcrops with very patchy cover of heterogeneous soil material

of the western mountainous region,

Rolling to hilly sandy soils of aeolian deserts.

In terms of natural vegetation, tropical thorn (or rakh) is found in the activeand old flood plain of Indus while desert (desertic and semi-desertic)vegetation is found in the Nara zone. Climatically Khairpur is hot and aridand receives a very little average annual rainfall. In terms of rainfall, thedistrict can be divided into two zones. The North western zone receives anaverage annual rainfall from 125-255 mm whereas the south western zoneis drier receiving, on average, less than 125 mm annual rainfall. January isthe coolest month when the mean minimum temperature may fall to 7°Cwhile May and June are the hottest months when the mean maximumtemperature may rise to 45°C.

In terms of land use, major portion of the district can be termed roughgrazing land followed by lands/areas that are devoid of any vegetationcover. The northwestern portion of the district is under arable agriculturewhile a very small portion of the district has a forest cover.


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Figure - 4.1: Location of Project District


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4.2.2 Soils

Soils form major part of environment. Their fertility and other specialcharacteristics have great relationship with environment. Climate has greatinfluence on the formation of soil, therefore, study of these factors is ofgreat importance. Soil is dynamic layer in which many complex physical,chemical and biological activities are taking place. Therefore, soil is adynamic changing body.

Soil scientists restrict the word soil or solum to the surface materials whichover the ages have adopted the distinctive layers or horizon. Soils aremade up of solids, liquids and gases. The solid part of the soil is made upof both inorganic and organic. While weathering of rocks make inorganicparticles, the organic solids consist of living and decayed plants. In order toclassify the entire soils in Pakistan, the Soil Survey of Pakistan has dividedthe entire country into nine ecological zones. The soil of area on the wholeis very fertile.

Figure - 4.2: Soil Map of Khairpur District


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4.2.3 Geology

Geologically major portion of Khairpur is formed of sedimentary & volcanicrocks of quaternary type while a tiny portion in the north is of tertiary type.

Khairpur can be divided into three broader zones. The area lying in thevicinity of River Indus is part of Indus's active flood plain. Next to this is thearea irrigated by a network of canals. Four main canals pass through thedistrict including Khairpur West, Rohri, Khairpur East and Nara canals. Thiszone is part of Indus's old flood plain, is quite fertile and remains underyear long cultivation. The project site is located at 2.7 Km from the Rohricanal.

Major area of the district is under the desert zone called Nara (Piedmontplains) that makes part of the eastern desert zone of Pakistan. It is placedbetween Cholistan in Punjab and Thar in Sindh. The north-western part ofNara is composed of a series of low lying hills/ridges (100 m high) oflimestone that run for 45 km from north east to south east.


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Figure 4.3: Geological Map of Khairpur District

Khairpur District


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4.2.4 Seismology

Pakistan is located in the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone, which is roughly 200km north of the Himalaya Front and is defined by an exposed ophiolitechain along its southern margin. This region has the highest rates ofseismicity and largest earthquakes in the Himalaya region, caused mainlyby movement on thrust faults. Figure 4.4 shows the location of SeismicMonitoring Station of Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). Fromfigure it could be seen that there is no PMD seismic station available in theproject area.

According to seismic zones of Pakistan developed by Geological CenterQuetta, the project area falls under category 2A of minor to moderatedamage seismic activity. As per last year seismicity report issued byPakistan Meteorological Department frequency of earthquake in projectarea and its surrounding is very low. The Ranipur Sugar Mill lies in 2Acategory as shown in the Figure - 4.4.

Figure - 4.4: Seismic Map of Pakistan

According to Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan included in the PakistanBuilding Code Seismic Provisions (2007), the project site falls in Zone 2A,


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therefore project structures should be designed in accordance with therequirement of seismic designing Zone 2A after giving due consideration tothe foundation material.

4.2.5 WATER RESOURCES

4.2.5.1 Surface WaterThere is Rohri canal at a distance of 2.7 Km from the site as natural

surface water resource in the project area. This canal brings water from the

Indus River and irrigates parts of the agriculture land located in the western

portion of the area.

4.2.5.2 Ground waterThe project area predominantly comprise of sand dunes. This part of desertarea, owing to low rainfalls, high runoff potential and high evaporationrates; has limited supply of fresh groundwater. In the desert; thin freshwater lenses and perched. Fresh water aquifers are the only source ofwater supply. Precipitation being low in the area does not significantlyaffect the water table. It only benefits the desert dwellers, where rainwateron a limited scale temporarily fills the Tars or Tals and recharges the dugwells, only to sustain their demands for a few months. The people ofdeserts are largely dependent on the period for which this supply of waterlasts. Water is extracted through hand pumps or tars (open wells excavatedin low lying depressions). The water table of project area lies at a depth ofabout 80 to 100 feet. The only source of water for human beings andlivestock is derived from dugout/natural ponds, in which the water is storedduring monsoon season.

4.2.5.3 Water qualityWater quality analysis was carried out in the project area as part of the EIAstudy. For this purpose, water samples were taken from main sourcesbeing used by residents for different purposes. These sources include, wellwater, ground water and surface water. The various parameters wereanalyzed in each sample and thereafter compared with Sindh Standards forDrinking Water Quality. All these parameters of water play an importantrole, especially in determining its quality and suitability for particularapplications. At present, sources of water contamination are very common,mainly caused by disposal of domestic and livestock wastes by localcommunities. Analysis of some criteria pollutants including heavy metalswas conducted to determine their extent in water samples.


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4.2.6 Meteorology and Climatology

Sindh is divided into three climatic regions: Siro (the upper region, centredon Jacobabad), Wicholo (the middle region, centred on Hyderabad), andLar (the lower region, centered on Karachi). The thermal equator passesthrough upper Sindh, where the air is generally very dry. Central Sindh'stemperatures are generally lower than those of upper Sindh but higher thanthose of lower Sindh. Dry hot days and cool nights are typical during thesummer. The climate of project area is typically of the upper Sindh region.There are two well defined seasons, hot and cold. The former begins at theend of March and extends till October. May, June and July are the hottestmonths. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this periodare about 42 0C and 27 0C, respectively.

December, January and February are the coldest months. The meanmaximum andminimum temperatures during this period are about 25 0Cand 7 0C, respectively. The generally estimated average annual rainfall inthe area is 5.47 inches (139 mm). Observatory record of the PakistanMeteorological Department (PMD) at Sukkur has been used as a data forwhole project area because no metrological station is located in projectarea.

Over the course of last five year, the temperature near project area typicallyvaried from 7°C to 44°C and is rarely below 5°C or above 46°C. The warmseason lasted from April 26 to July 29 with an average daily hightemperature above 40°C. The hottest day of the year is May 21, with anaverage high of 44°C and low of 28°C. The cold season lasted fromDecember 7 to February 23 with an average daily high temperature below25°C. The coldest day of the year is January 1, with an average low of 7°Cand high of 21°C.


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Figure 4.5: Maximum & Minimum Temperature during Last one Year

Humidity is an important factor in determining how weather conditions feelto a person experiencing them. Hot and humid days feel even hotter thanhot and dry days because the high level of water content in humid airdiscourages the evaporation of sweat from a person's skin. The dailyminimum humidity is more relevant for understanding daytime comfort thanthe daily maximum humidity which typically occurs during the night.

The relative humidity typically ranges from 20% (dry) to 91% (very humid)over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 15% (very dry), orexceeding 95% (very humid). The air is driest around May 20, at which timethe relative humidity drops below 23% (dry) three days out of four; it is mosthumid around December 31, exceeding 89% (very humid) three days out offour.

The average daily high (blue) and low (brown) relative humidity withpercentile bands for last one year are shown in figure.


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Figure 4.6: Minimum & Maximum Relative Humidity during Last one Year

Project area is characterized by high wind velocity, massive shifting androlling of sand dunes; high diurnal variation of temperature; scanty rainfall;extreme solar radiation and high rate of evapo-transpiration. Over thecourse of previous five year for Khairpur; typical wind speeds vary from 0m/s to 6 m/s (calm to moderate breeze), rarely exceeding 8 m/s (freshbreeze). The highest average wind speed of 3 m/s (light breeze) occursaround June 6, at which time the average daily maximum wind speed is 6m/s (moderate breeze). The lowest average wind speed of 0 m/s (light air)occurs around December 13, at which time the average daily maximumwind speed is 2 m/s (light breeze).

The wind is most often out of the north east (11% of the time) and southeast (11% of the time). The wind is least often out of the west (1% of thetime), north (1% of the time), north west (3% of the time), east (3% of thetime), and south west (4% of the time). The average daily minimum (red),maximum (green), and average (black) wind speed with percentile bandsfor last one year are shown in figure.


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Figure 4.7: Wind Speed (M/S) During Last one Year

4.2.7 Ambient Air & Noise

In the absence of acute industrial units and mobile vehicular traffic there isno brown pollution exists in the project corridor. The air quality in the areais generally good, with negligible sources of pollution like emissions fromvehicular traffic causes smoke and dust emissions whose effect islocalized.

Overall Air monitoring indicates that average concentrations of CO, NO2

and SO2 were found below the permissible limits regulated by SEQS, 2014for ambient air. Environment have been described on the basis ofsecondary data

4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA

Water samples were collected from various points in the project area duringthe field survey for water quality analysis. The project site is plain. Detail ofunderground water is shown in Table 4.1:

Table - 4.1: Laboratory Analysis Report of Ground Water Sample

SR.NO.

PARAMETERS UNITS SEQSRESULTSSAMPLE 1

RESULTSSAMPLE 2

1. pH – 6.5–8.5 7.1 7.2


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SR.NO.


RESULTSSAMPLE 2

2. Taste & Odor –Non

Objectionable

Non

Objectionable

Non

Objectionable

3. Color TCU <15 1 4

4. Turbidity NTU <5 1 5

5. Total ColiformNumber/100

mL

0 Number/100

mL0 0

6. E–ColiNumber /

100 mL

0 Number /

100 mL0 0

7.Total Dissolved

Solids (TDS)mg/L <1000 360 290

8. Total Hardness mg/L <500 56 230

9. Nitrate mg/L ≤50 2.1 2.5

10. Nitrite mg/L ≤3 0.002 0.002

11. Ammonia mg/L – N.D N.D

12. Arsenic mg/L <0.05 N.D. N.D.

13. Antimony mg/L <0.005 N.D. N.D.

14. Barium mg/L 0.7 N.D. N.D.

15. Chloride mg/L 250 95 99

16. Fluoride mg/L <1.5 0.2 0.1

17. Aluminum mg/L ≤0.2 N.D. N.D.

18. Manganese mg/L ≤0.5 N.D. N.D.

19. Mercury mg/L 0.001 N.D. N.D.

20. Iodine mg/L – 0.02 0.01

21. Zinc mg/L 5 0.21 0.18


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SR.NO.


RESULTSSAMPLE 2

22. Boron mg/L 0.3 N.D. N.D.

23. Chromium mg/L ≤0.05 N.D. N.D.

24. Selenium mg/L ≤0.5 N.D. N.D.

N.D = Not Detected

4.3.1 Ambient Air Quality

The air quality is clean as there is no industry close to the project roadwhich may contribute any air pollutants and cane crushing was also offseason during the monitoring days. Test results of ambient air analysisdone during survey of area using the following methodology.

Casella, Serial # 1310, Gravimetric Dust Sampler Type 113 A, BS 1259–1958 used for the monitoring of ambient particulate matter monitoring.Special filter media, having mesh size <10 µ was used as the surface onwhich PM10 was retained quantitatively during a definite interval of time.The filter media was placed in the special port with leak proof assembly.This prevented escaping of fugitive particulate matter being monitored.Mid–get impingers/absorption columns assembly was used for themonitoring of NO2 and SO2 in the ambient air. The air was drawn throughpump into the glass impingers and absorbed in the solution containedinside the absorption towers. The instrument sucked ambient air at ratemonitored by a calibrated volume measuring standard gauge. The volumeof air drawn was indicated on the scale calibrated in liters and fractionsthereof. One hundred milliliters of absorbents were poured in each of theimpingers. The fourth impinger was filled with two hundred grams silica.Standard procedures were used separately for the sampling of both NO2

and SO2. Sample solutions were preserved and then transferred to theLaboratory for analysis. The Gries – Saltmann Reaction was carried for theanalysis of NO2 and Pararosaniline method was used for SO2 testing.Monitoring results were presented after data generation in micro gram percubic meter (µg/m3). Drager Miniwarn, the monitoring equipment, was usedfor CO measurement.

The results are given in Table - 4.2


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Table - 4.2: Ambient Air Monitored Data

REFERENCEPOINT

Ranipur Sugar

MillDATE 05.07.2017

TIME HOURSSO2

(µg/m3)NO2

(µg/m3)CO

(mg/Nm3)PM10

(μg/m3)

06:00 31.3 36.8 5.2 24.4

09:00 42.2 47.5 5.7 36.6

12:00 43.6 50.9 6.2 42.3

15:00 48.5 52.9 6.3 45.6

18:20 54.3 54.5 6.5 41.7

21:30 42.7 42.4 6.4 37.5

24:00 36.2 38.5 5.9 29.3

03:00 31.6 34.6 5.7 16.8

SEQS80

µg/m3

80µg/m3

10

mg/Nm3

150µg/m3

4.3.2 Noise Level

Noise levels have been monitored at two locations along the project roadusing the Digital Sound level meter and results are given in the Table - 4.3.

Table - 4.3: Noise Levels Monitored Data

REFERENCEPOINT

Ranipur Sugar Mill DATE 05.07.2017

TIMEHOURS

dB (A) Average

06:00 48 46 51 49 49 45 48

09:00 61 63 63 64 66 61 63


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REFERENCEPOINT

Ranipur Sugar Mill DATE 05.07.2017

TIMEHOURS

dB (A) Average

12:00 56 61 65 63 63 58 61

15:00 63 65 69 66 65 62 65

18:20 64 63 64 64 66 63 64

21:30 45 50 52 53 51 49 50

24:00 37 37 39 40 40 35 38

03:00 34 35 34 36 34 31 34

06:00 45 47 49 50 50 47 48

4.4 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES/BIODIVERSITY

In this section, the baseline environmental conditions pertaining tobiological environment have been described on the basis of primary andthe secondary data. The faunal field data collection included line transects,incidental sightings and plot searches for birds, reptiles and mammals. Thevegetation surveys were carried out by laying 30ft by 30 ft quadrates withinthe study area.

4.4.1 Floral Habitat Types

Based on the physical features and vegetation attributes in the proposedproject area, five distinct habitats were identified as:

Crest (Top of the sand dune); Slopes/swale/flanks; Sandy plains (Tar-Tarai- low lying flat areas); Saline/sodic Land. Lake/wetland habitat and


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4.4.2 Crest Habitat

Sand dunes are the main characteristic features of the study area.Topography of this habitat varies from undulating to moderately steep,whereas elevation of the dunes is from 10 to 30 meters. These sand dunesare very excessively drained. Most of the area is barren and only 15 plantspecies (10.34%) are recorded from this habitat type. These plants can beregarded as sand loving plants and they have the capability to survive overthere. The floristic composition of this habitat include:

Calligonum polygonoides, Aerva javanica, Dipterygium glaucum, Limeumindicum, Indigofera argentea, Tribulus longipetalus, Aristida adscensionis,A. funiculata, Panicum turgidum, Lasiurus sindicus, Stipagrostis plumosa,Cyperus arenarius and C. conglomeratus.

4.4.3 Floral Attributes of the Project Area

This section provides information regarding natural vegetation of theproposed project area. The area is characterized by low rainfall, highsummer temperatures, high velocity winds, poor soil and low diversity ofplant species. This type of climatic conditions hardly supports anyappreciable vegetation. Hence, the vegetation is sparse and mainlyconsists of stunted or thorny shrubs and perennial herbs capable to sustainharsh climatic conditions in both the seasons. Ephemeral vegetationappears during rainy season, completing their life cycle before summerapproaches.

Around 46 species of plants were reported from Kadanwari with almost allknown for ethno botanic use and the vegetation pattern followed the samepattern as of Nara, however, with a lesser intensity. Whereas; Out of 46reported species current checklist identified the presence of some 21species in Kadanwari Block.

4.4.4 Faunal Attributes of the Project Area

As many as 14 species of mammals, 27 species of birds and 12 species ofreptiles were recorded from the sampling localities in the project area. Thesummary of observations made during study is summarized below.

Birds

During the field visit, 27 species of birds were recorded from the samplinglocalities. As the surveys were conducted in summer, hence no influx ofmigratory birds was noted. Neither Houbara Bustard nor migratory water


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birds were recorded in project area, the major wetland that is Baboo Dhandsupported only Blackwinged stilts a resident species. Among birds thecommon species included the Black Crowned Finch Lark, Black Drongo,Bank Myna, Little Brown Dove, Ring Dove, Common Myna, Crested Lark,Green Bee-eater, House Crow, House Sparrow, Purple Sunbird, Redwattled Lap wing, Sindh Sparrow and White Cheeked Bulbul.

The less common species recorded were Black Kite, Black Winged Kite,Bay backed shrike, Blue Rock Pigeon, Common Babbler, Common Kestrel,Desert Lark, Southern Grey Shrike, Grey Patridge, Indian Robin, IndianRoller, Long tailed Grass Warbler and Pied Bush cat. Southern Grey Shrikewas recorded as summer breeding visitor common Kestrel which is a wintervisitor was recorded as scarce in the project area.

Mammals

Around 14 species of mammals were recorded from the sampling localitiesin the project area. These include large colonies of little Indian field mouse.Five-striped Squirrels were recorded from areas with tree cover in taraiareas, as these are mainly arboreal species. Similarly, the Indian/DesertHare was recorded close to bushy vegetation, as they need cover for theirsurvival from predators and raptors during day time. House Mouse andHouse Rat were present close to human settlements. The abundance ofrodents and small mammals supports the carnivore population in theProject area. These include Asiatic Jackal, Indian Desert Cat,Indian/Bengal Fox and Common Red Fox. Presence of Chinkara could notbe confirmed from direct and indirect observations.

Among large and medium sized Mammals, Asiatic Jackal, Red Fox,Crested Porcupine, India Fox, Indian Desert Cat and Small IndianMongoose were recorded, while in small mammals, Indian Gerbil,Baluchistan Gerbil, Long eared Desert Hedgehog, Indian Hare, House Rat,House Mouse, Indian Desert Jird and Northern Palm Squirrel wererecorded.

Reptiles

The desert provides a favorable habitat for many reptile species especiallythe Indian sand swimmer, Indian fringe toed sand lizard and Desertmonitor. The desert monitor and Indian spiny tailed lizard inhabit mostly thedesert areas while the Indian monitor was found in areas close wetlands.The important snakes recorded from the project area are Saw-scaled viper,


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Glossy bellied racer, Indian sand boa and Pakistan ribbon snake. Exceptfor Saw scaled viper, other three non-poisonous snakes are protectedunder the SWPO. A total of 12 reptiles species, have been recorded fromthe Project area. The desert provides as favorable habitat for many reptilespecies such as Indian Sand Swimmer, Indian Fringe Toed Sand Lizard,Desert Monitor and Indian Spiny Tailed Lizard. The important snakesrecorded from the Project area are Saw-Scaled viper, Glossy BelliedRacer, Indian Sand Boa and Pakistan Ribbon Snake. Out of Total 12recorded species, the Desert Monitor is protected under the Sindh WildlifeProtection Ordinance, whereas none is on IUCN Red List. Out of Total 12reptiles, three are on CITES appendices showing their internationalimportance because of their significant Trade.

The sand dunes and other sandy area are habitat of Indian sand swimmer,Indian Desert Monitor, Indian Sand Boa and Saw Scaled Viper. Theabandoned burrows of rodents are often occupied by the snakes andlizards. The inter-dunal flat areas (Tar) and Tarai are habitat for IndianSpiny Tailed Lizard. Brilliant Agama and Sindh Sand Gecko were alsorecorded from Project area site but in very less numbers.

4.5 EXISTING SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

4.5.1 Demographic information

According to population estimates for 2009, about 20,96,000 people are theresidents of this district. From 1998 to 2009, an increase of 36% has beenrecorded, meaning the population has been growing with an annual growthrate of 2.8% during last 11 years. For the inter census period of 1981-1998,the population was recorded to have been growing with an average annualgrowth rate of 2.71%. Since 1981 there has been a 114% increase in thetotal population of the district.

In terms of population balance, there were 109 males against every 100females. The balance further disturbed witnessing 110 males against every100 females in 1998, while the estimates for 2009 suggest that male-female ratio is currently 110.1. Khairpur is the second most populousdistrict of Sindh following Karachi and contains 5% population of theprovince.

However being a vast district, the population density in Khairpur is not veryhigh i.e. 132 person/sq.km. This figure appears to be very small due to thedesert zone which covers 3/4 area of the district. In 1998 the KhairpurTaluka being the most densely populated taluka of the district had a


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population density of 493.4 persons/sq.km compared to only 8persons/sq.km in this taluka.

Since 1951, the time of first population census in Pakistan, there has beena 500% increase in the population density. The major portion of district'spopulation resides in the north western zone divided into 7 Talukas. Herethe population density was recorded to be 338 persons/sq.km.

Khairpur is urbanizing at a faster pace while 3/4th of the population residingin the rural areas. In 1951 only 6% population of the district was living in theurban settlements. This proportion was recorded to have reached 24% in1998. Khairpur, the district headquarter town is the major urban settlementwhere more than 100,000 people were found to have been living at thetime of census 1998.

All the 17 major towns or urban settlements of the district fall in 7 westernTalukas of the district. The important ancient town of Kot Diji, having ahistory believed to be older than Mohan jo Daro, is one of these urbansettlements. Except the Khairpur city, all the other urban settlements aresmall to medium sized towns.

Table 4.4: District Detail

Variable Value

Area 15910 Sq.Kms.

Population - 1998 1546587 persons

Male 810448 (52.40 %)

Female 736139 (47.59 %)

Gender Ratio (males per 100 females)110.1

Populaltion Density 97.2 per Sq. Km

Urban Population 365216 (23.61 %)

Rural Population 1181371 (76.38 %)

Average Household Size 6.1

Literacy Ratio (10 +) 35.5 %


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Variable Value

Male 49.7 %

Female 19.7 %

Total Housing Units 255261

Pacca Housing Units 53751 (21.05 %)

Housing Units havingElectricity

168173 (65.88 %)

Housing Units having PipedWater

40796 (15.98 %)

Housing Units using Gas forCooking

24927 (9.76 %)

Administrative Units

Talukas 08

Union Councils 89

Mauzas 382

Municipal Committee 02

Town Committees 15

4.6 QUALITY OF LIFE VALUES

4.6.1 Housing

Khairpur has witnessed considerable improvement in terms of housingstock and services since 1998 especially in the urban areas where theimprovement appears to be much more when compared to the ruralhousing stock. In 1998, 76% rural houses had roofs made ofwood/bamboo. The proportion reduced to 68% in 2006-07. The figures forurban houses in this regard were 56% and 28% for the same periods.Similarly 17% rural houses were made of pacca walls in 1998. The figureimproved to 31% in 2006-07. The figures for urban housing were recordedto be 41% and 65% respectively for the same survey years.


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Electricity was available to 62% rural and 80% urban houses in 1998. In2006-07 the figures improved to 96% and 65% respectively.

The household sanitary conditions in terms of availability of latrine insidethe house appears to be much better compared to other districts understudy. No urban and 5% rural houses are without latrine facility of any kind.3/4th of the rural households compared to 1/4th urban ones have non flushlatrine facility. When it comes to the availability of flush latrine, Khairpur has8th rank out of 16 districts of Sindh. In 2004-05, this rank was noted to be15, meaning considerable improvement in the household sanitaryconditions.

Majority of both rural and urban housing units are composed of 2-4 rooms.Hand pump is the major source of water for the household consumption. Inrecent years, a large number of urban households have installed motorpumps for the sake of convenience. In rural areas the motor pumps haveyet not made an inroad in a considerable way. Interestingly a largerproportion of rural households compared to urban ones were noted to havebeen connected with a piped water supply. In terms of availability of pipedwater supply Khairpur has 11th rank out of 16 ndistricts of Sindh. This rank,was noted to be 15, in 2004-05.

Despite being rich in reserves of natural gas, this cleaner fuel option is notavailable to majority of households in Khairpur. 96% rural and 48% urbanhouseholds continue to resort on biomass fuels especially wood to fulfilltheir household fuel needs

4.6.2 Education and Literacy

Like other socioeconomic development sectors, Khairpur appears, in thelight of official development statistics, to have made progress in the field ofeducation and literacy too. During last one decade, the literacy figureamong the population aged 10 and above has improved from 35.5% to46%. In 1998, 50% males and 20% females (aged 10+) were literate. Thefigures improved to 65% for males and 25% for females. Khairpur hassecond highest number of government primary schools followingTharparkar and second highest primary school enrollment after Karachi, inthe Sindh Province. The district has 6th and 7th ranks when it is comparedto the proportion of literacy among population aged 10+ and aged 15+,respectively in other districts of Sindh.


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Government schools have an important place when it comes to providingeducation facilities to people of Khairpur. 9 out of 10, primary schoolattending students go to government schools. The education sector inKhairpur, like rest of the country is marred with a number of grave issues.

Some of them are:

1) The level of literacy is not satisfactory. Compared to 46% populationthat is considered to be literate, 38% population has completedprimary or higher levels of formal education.

2) There exist stark gender, urban rural and intra district disparities inthe district. 25% females compared to 65% males, and 17% ruralcompared to 47% urban females are literate. Only 12% rural womenhave completed primary or higher levels of education compared to38% urban women.

3) There are much lesser educational facilities for girls than those forboys. There are 509% more primary, 107% middle and 350% highschools for boys than those for girls.

4) In 1998, 15% population of Nara compared to 44% population inKhairpur was literate.

5) There are 2 times more degree colleges for men than for those forgirls.

A comparison of the education figures noted during PSLM 2004-05 andthose in 2006-07 reveal some important trends. In 2004-05, it was notedthat 48% population (10+) of the district was literate. This figure was notedto have reduced to 46% in 2006-07. Likewise in 2004-05, 45% population(15+) was noted to be literate. The figure was found to have reduced to43% in 2006- 07.

4.6.3 Health

Khairpur has the highest number of Basic Health Units and second highestnumber of Rural Health Centers in the Sindh province. The high number ofRural Health Centers is due to the fact that Khairpur has second highestnumber of talukas following Thatta. Normally a rural health center isestablished in each taluka. However majority of the people falling sickprefer to consult private health facilities. The PSLM 2006-07 notes that inurban areas 82% and in rural areas 70% patients consult or are taken toprivate health facilities. Likewise, the effectiveness of mobile healthfacilities like Lady Health Visitors and Lady Health Workers is also not very


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high. For instance only 17% rural women receive pre natal care from aLHW.

The target of saving children from preventable fatal diseases is also farfrom being achieved. 34% male and 29% female children are yet to be fullyimmunized. Majority of rural women are not able to receive pre natal andpost natal care from a formal health facility or health provider. 58% urbanand 36% rural women receive some kind of prenatal care from a formalhealth service. 59% urban and 24% rural women receive Tetanus Toxoidinjection. 83% deliveries in rural and 67% in urban areas take place inhomes normally in the presence of some relative/neighbor women ortraditional birth attendant. 27% urban and 23% rural women receive somekind of post natal care from a formal health facility.

4.6.4 Livelihoods

Census 1998 gives an idea of the livelihood options available to the urbanand rural residents and trends prevalent in Khairpur. 3/4th of the district’spopulation resides in the rural areas. Agriculture and its allied sectors arethus a major source of livelihood for some 60% households. Selfemployment is an option for most to earn their living. 63% urban and 76%rural earners are self employed. Government jobs accommodate 26%urban and 11% rural labor force whereas, formal private sector absorbs 4%rural and 8% urban labor force. Since women don’t receive directly theearnings from sectors they contribute in, they are not considered formallabor force. According to the census 1998, some 18% population of thedistrict was found to be economically active or termed the income earners.

Khairpur is rich in mineral resources especially oil and gas. However localpopulation complains that the fruits of the riches of the district in the form ofemployment opportunities in the gas fields, for instance, are not reaped bythem. A visit to Nara revealed that private gas exploring companies haveinvested heavily in improving the road infrastructure in this desolated areaof the district. A discussion with the locals suggest that the improved roadinfrastructure has contributed a lot in connecting desert people with maintowns and thus have opened new opportunities for them. Further thecompensation paid by the gas companies to acquire lands has also broughtwell being for the locals.

Khairpur is an important contributor to the economy of Sindh and Pakistanin the form of its agricultural produce and mineral resources especiallynatural gas. Khairpur is the second most populous district of Sindh


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following Karachi and hence its contribution in the form of human resourcealso becomes quite important. The district is the biggest producer of datesand bananas in Sindh. Likewise the district is the 2nd and 3rd largestproducer of wheat and cotton respectively in Sindh. The agriculture sectorthus stands extremely important for the economy of district andimprovement made in and issues faced by the agricultural sector directlyaffect majority of the district population.

Being an abode of a number of important historically significant towns,places, buildings and monuments, Khairpur holds great potential fordevelopment of tourism which can markedly contribute to the localeconomy.

The civic infrastructure especially in Khairpur city is in much better shapecompared to other districts especially of Sindh. The PSLM 2006-07 throwsome light on the perception of Khairpur’s residents towards economicconditions of households, their communities and public services. 37%urban and 21% rural household consider that their economic situation hasimproved compared to the last year while 14% of urban and sameproportions of rural households consider that their economic situation hasdeteriorated. 11% urban and 3% rural households consider that theeconomic situation of their community has improved compared to theprevious year. When it comes to the level of satisfaction with the publicservices as noted by PSLM 2006-07, there are certain sectors that needattention of the policy makers and development planners.

During the survey people were found to be least satisfied with theperformance of Police, agriculture extension, veterinary and family planningservices currently available to them. As mentioned earlier, the agriculturesector is the backbone of district’s economy like rest of the country. Ananalysis of the agriculture sector’s situation and trends becomes quitepertinent should one want to understand and design strategies forlivelihood improvement. A major portion, 84% or 13,18,000 hectares ofdistrict’s land is currently not being cultivated where as 78% land is notavailable or fit for cultivation. The areas lying adjacent to the river Induswere once covered with riverain forests but the increase in population andquest to bring more and more lands under plough, these areas weredeforested to make way for crop fields. Currently only 2% area of thedistrict is under the forest cover.


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Expansion in agriculture continues and yearly increase in the cultivatedarea is being noted. From 2000-01 to 2003-04, there was a 28% increasein the irrigated area, compared to 372% increase in un-irrigated area wasrecorded. During the same period, there was 23% increase in canalirrigated area compared to 123% increase in tube well irrigated area wasnoted. These statistics in turn points to two major trends:

The expansion in the rain fed agriculture especially in the desert zone forwhich the natural vegetation is being removed,

Widening gap between supply of canal irrigation water and irrigationdemand. The gap is being tried to fill with the installation of private tubewells. This is evident from the fact that just in one year from 2003-04 to2004-05, an increase of 390% was recorded in the installation of privatetube wells. The increasing dependence on ground water is contributing tofalling water tables and salinity.

The expansion in agricultural activity and quest to increase the productionis increasing farmers dependence on chemical fertilizers and thus adding toenvironmental pollution. From 1999 to 2002-03, 30% increase in the use ofchemical fertilizers was recorded in Khairpur.

4.7 AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is the most dominant economic activity in the area which issupported bythe Nara canal running along the entire length of the gamereserve. Major crops in the area are wheat and cotton; however, barley, oilseed, fodder, sugar cane, pulses, and vegetables are also grown. Foddercrops are grown in order to meet the feed requirement of livestock farmedby locals especially the pastrolists in the desert.

Cultivations of fodder crops are suitable to local climate and wateravailability. Use of fertilizer and pesticides is more for commercial cropssuch as cotton. These are available from Chundko, Nara gate, Tajjal andKathore. Farmers also buy pesticides and fertilisers from “middlemen” whosupply them on a loan basis. In this case rates of fertilizer and pesticidesare higher than the prevailing market rates. Tractors are used in agricultureand are available on rent for Rs. 150/ on cash payment or on Rs. 200 to250 in which cash recovery is made at the time of harvest. Use of thresheris also common for wheat and other crops. Rate for threshing is Rs. 30/ per40 Kg. Women mainly do picking of cotton and rates are adjusted


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according to work performed. Presently cotton picking rates are rupees 100per 40 Kg.

4.8 LIVESTOCK

Horses and donkeys are used for transportation over small distances sinceroad transportation facility is limited in the area. Cattle are used inagricultural fields and also for carts. Goats and sheep wool is sold in thetown. Milk is cheap in the area and consumed in the restaurants. Localsuse milk and its bi-products as their major ingredient of diet. Some of thefarmers use farmyard manure in agricultural fields.

Animal markets are at Chundko, Khairpur, Nawabshah and Sukkur.Feeding practices include free grazing and stall feeding in the area. Underfree grazing system desert range-lands and government lands along canalbanks and lakes are used. Agriculture fields after harvest are also used forgrazing. Mostly animals are grazed by family members in range-lands. Insome cases herder, locally known as Dhaniar, are also employed. Theseshepherds are paid for their services on the basis of the number of animalsor on a monthly basis in cash or in kind. In some cases shepherd also haveshare in offshoots of small ruminants if grazing arrangements are on alonger basis.

Under this system, owner of animals only initially invest by buying animalsand then shepherd is responsible for all-major husbandry practices andactivities. In some areas, especially in some parts of the desert animalsgraze on their own, i.e. without herder. It shows clearly that theft elementsand activities are not common in these particular areas. Women equallycontribute in livestock keeping. They are responsible for watering, feeding,milking, and even grazing of small ruminants. Women also keep poultrymainly for domestic consumption of eggs and meat.

4.9 ECONOMY

There are two major occupations in the area - agriculture and livestockkeeping. A small number of people are also engaged in service providingsectors such as artisan work, trade, business and jobs in formal andinformal sectors. People also rent tractors and agricultural machinery tosupplement their income. Transportation is another sector where manypeople are involved and run motorcycles and Datsun on a daily basis andprovide old four-wheel trucks (locally called kekras) on rent to locals.During off-season tenants also work in towns as laborers’. Labor work isavailable at Chundko and people from surrounding villages and area come


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here for daily labour work. Some people also go to Kadanwari to work atthe Kadanwari gas field. Pashtuns from Baluchistan and other areas alsooccasionally come here during the winter season and engage inwoodcutting and brick making.

4.10 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

People live on kinship and lineage basis in villages and hamlets. Except fora few cases, people belonging to the same tribe, caste and having commonancestry reside in a village and villages are, thus, named after the tribalhead. Elders and people with religious and educational background arerespected by community members. Main tribes and casts in this area areSyed, Shar, Chang, Rajpar, Aradhin, Dasti, Malah, Khaskheli, Chano,Sahtha, Mullo, Bhurgarri, Gahoo, Gopang, Rid, Nizamani, and Baloch.

Every village has its own tribal or cast leader called a ‘Wadera’. Generally a‘Wadera’ has a large land holding and can influence his tenants, landlesspeople, artisans and members of low castes due to their dependency onland and agriculture. He maintains relationship with outside world,government officials and politicians. He is also well aware of activitieswithin his area and is a source of much information. He is respected by alland arbitrates disputes of minor nature. More than 98 % people areMuslims in this area. Hindus mainly reside in Choondiko, a very smallpercentage live in the desert. Hindus at Chundko are considered well-offpeople and are engaged in trade and business. According to local people20 years ago Hindus had a strong hold in Chundkoo with almost all shopsowned by them.Among Muslims, majority of people are Sunni with a smallpercentage of Shia Muslims also.

All villagers maintain mosques, Eidgah/Imambargah. Sectarian violence isnot common in the area. Marriages are arranged in early ages. Girls evenget engaged few weeks after their birth. This practice is, however, slowlychanging. Marriages outside the caste or tribe are not preferred. Marriageis performed in a simple manner and extra expenditure is avoided. In verylimited cases dowry payment is done which is approximately 20 to 30thousand rupees. Most of the families live in a joint family system. In thisway they form a basic social and economic unit. Among Sunni Muslimswomen are not given property rights whereas Shia Muslims do recognizethis right.

Polygamy is also common among people. Divorce is not very common aspeople marry in close relatives and close ties among lineage do not permit


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this. No cases of honour killing (karo-kari) have been reported from thearea. The people in this area speak Sindhi and Saraiki languages. Men cangenerally speak and understand Urdu.

Since many people here follow Pirs in religious thoughts, there are Khalifasor representatives of Pir Sahib among local population. They are respectedon Pir’s behalf and arbitrate matters, which the village elder is unable tohandle. As this system of arbitration is efficient and cost effective, smalldisputes are rarely reported to the police. Usually disputes are on land,water and livestock.

Muslim people are followers of Pir Sahib Pagaro and Pir of Ranipur. Nearly80% follow Pir Pagaro Sahib and rests are followers of Pir of Ranipur. Theirlives are fairly influenced by these religious leaders. The followers, in everyway of life, acclaim respect of these leaders. The religious leadershipinfluences elections at local, provincial and national level.

4.11 WATER SUPPLY

Ground water is the source of potable water supply throughout the gamereserve including most of the desert area. Most of the houses have theirown individual hand pumps; however, in some instances different housesshare a single hand pump. Water from these hand pumps are used fordrinking purposes, washing and other necessary uses. There is neither anyshop nor any technician who can repair hand pumps. These services areonly available at Chundko. There is no major government installed watersupply scheme in the area. However, SAZDA has developed water storagetanks and hand dug wells in some of the villages and in some villages, localbodies have also helped by providing hand-pumps. Water quality in most ofthe areas is good for drinking purposes. Water table varies from village tovillage, i.e. from 15 feet to 55 feet.


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5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSAND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR ANTICIPATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Baseline data and conditions form the basis for evaluation of theenvironmental impacts of the proposed bagasse fired cogeneration powerproject.

A tabulated evaluation procedure has been used for purpose ofpresentation. The severity of the impact is presented on point scale. Theevaluation scale, that is used for the EIA Study is given below:

Scale: Extent of Impact▲▲▲ = High▲▲ = Medium▲ = LowΟ = No impact▼▼ = locally favorable▼ = regionally favorable.

For evaluation rating, the Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS)and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)-Pakistan, are usedas guidelines. Various parameters of extent of environmental impacts aredescribed below:

Table - 5.1: Evaluation of Impacts

Extent of Environmental Impact Description

High (▲▲▲) National Standards are exceeded.

Medium (▲▲) Between National Standards.

Low (▲) National Standards are met.

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO INSTALLATION AT PRESENTLOCATION OF PROJECT

Environmental problems related to location of the project are mostly in theareas of physical setting, socioeconomic setting, ecological setting andspecial areas. Field survey revealed that the impacts of the project due toits location are mostly insignificant in nature.


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5.3 PROJECT DESIGN RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

The design of incinerator room has sought to minimize any environmentalpotential impacts by ensuring that the project should be in according to theenvironmental standards. Local aesthetic value is another issue to beconsidered during project design.

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTIONPHASE

This section discusses the potential impacts anticipated due to theinstallation of 60 -MW power plant and associated facilities on the naturalresources and various environmental segments of the site and its vicinity.

5.4.1 Soil Erosion

The proposed project requires minor land clearing, leveling and sitepreparation for the installation of the power house its associated facilities.No wetlands are present within the project boundaries or up to longdistances (15-km) around the project site. The proposed construction areais not anticipated to impact the entire area available. General sitepreparation and construction activities associated with the overalldevelopment of the project site include the following:

Clearing/grubbing of all un-cleared portions of the construction areaand lay-down area;

Stabilizing, grading, filling, and contouring the area for power plantfacilities;

Construction of permanent storm water management system;

Performing groundwork as necessary for construction of facilityfootings, foundations and underground utilities including electrical,water, wastewater, and other piping systems;

Power plant facilities construction and

Earthmoving, grading, re-contouring and landscaping.

Site preparation will consist of clearing and grubbing, followed by gradingand leveling. Topsoil that is suitable for reuse will be stockpiled forlandscaping and for establishing vegetation after construction has beencompleted.


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Mitigation Measures

During early site preparation activities, temporary storm water managementstructures and soil erosion and sedimentation control devices (e.g. ditches,retention basins, berms, and siltation fencing) will be used to minimizerunoff during the construction phase.

Site preparation and construction activities will not require any explosives.Rough grading, excavation, and backfill activities will be performed toprepare the site for underground utilities, concrete foundations, and surfacedrainage. Structural backfill materials may be imported to the site forconstructing concrete foundations and to raise grade site elevation toachieve proper drainage.

After construction of the bagasse boiler project is complete, any remainingareas that do not have an impervious surface will be vegetated with nativeplants, ornamental shrubs, flowers, trees and grass materials. The plantsite will be altered to construct new facilities. Structural and general fill willbe added to elevate the site to design elevations. Soils excavated for themajor equipment foundations may be used as general backfill or structuralfill, if appropriate. Fill may be required to raise portions of the site to grade.

Since the site is in a flat area, the fill should not cause adverse impacts tosite topographic conditions. Very little, if any, runoff flows onto theproposed site. Therefore, the fill will not impede existing drainage patterns.Added fill, with compaction, will shift areas of percolation within the site.Runoff will be managed with the storm water management system to mimicpre-construction conditions. During construction, erosion at the site will bemanaged with the erosion control plan. After construction, pervious areaswill be planted predominantly with native vegetation, trees, grass andflowers to control erosion.

Extent of Impact on Erosion/Sedimentation = ▲ (Low)

5.4.2 Air Quality

Expected impacts on air quality during the construction phase of theproposed project are:

dust engraftation during construction activities including leveling,excavation for foundations of the boiler and its associatedequipment, compaction, backfilling etc, and


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emissions of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) , Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), CarbonMonoxide (CO),and un burnt hydrocarbons , Particulate Matter (PM)and noise from vehicles and construction machines to be deployedduring construction activities.

Dust generation from construction activities is an important concern duringconstruction phase. Dust particles generally larger than 10 μm will bethrown up, resulting in visible deposition close to the construction activities.

The quantity of any emissions released during the construction process willgenerally be very low, but will vary on an hourly and daily basis asconstruction progresses. Fugitive dust emissions will be greater during landclearing and site preparation phases. Fugitive dust emissions will also begreater during the more active construction periods as a result of increasedvehicle traffic on the site. The dust to be generated during constructionactivities will be mostly inorganic. quantum dust generation will depend onweather conditions, wind velocity, precipitation rate, and type ofconstruction activities. Expected main sources of site of dust emissionsduring construction are:

land clearing excavation earthwork ground leveling vehicles movement.

Dust and grit are expected to be present in the air during the constructionphase in dry months. This will end when the major civil works finish. Somedampening of the exposed areas, by employing dust control methods, maytherefore be necessary during periods of dry weather in order to reduce therisk of dust entrainment in the ambient air. Peak dust generation, ifconstruction activities coincide, will be during the drier months and this dustwill tend to become dispersed within the ambient air as a result of vehiclemovements. It will therefore be necessary to ensure that loads are dulycovered to prevent fine dust blowing from open-top trucks and throughvehicles tires. In dry periods, it may also be necessary to employ dustcontrol measures. There will be an overall increase in traffic and heavymachinery movement during construction phase for a limited period leadingto rise in emission level. These emissions together with exhaust emissionsfrom equipment deployed during the construction phase are likely to resultin marginal increases in the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides


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(NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), and un burnt hydrocarbons (HCs).Potentialminor sources of volatile organic compounds include evaporative lossesfrom onsite painting, refueling of construction equipment and theapplication of adhesives and waterproofing chemicals. The backgroundlevels of these pollutants are considered to be non-existent based upon thelow frequency of traffic use proximal to the site. However, even with thepredicted increase in construction related traffic and associated siteactivities, any increase in these pollutants is considered to be insignificant.The project site is very vast and carrying capacity of air around has not yetbeen utilized because no worth mentioning industry is in functioningaround. This will be an additional advantage to the project for dissipatingthe emissions into the air and reducing emissions in such virgin air.

Mitigation Measures:

Fugitive dust emissions from the construction site will be minimized usingappropriate dust suppression control methods. These standard controlmethods will include;

paving or placement of gravel on roads,

applying dust suppressing agents or water to roads and otherexposed surfaces, or other methods, as needed.

existing public road upon exiting the site is paved.

spilled and tracked dirt (or other materials) will be removed from theadjacent road in a timely manner.

all construction related fugitive dust emissions will be temporary andwill stop once construction is completed. Emissions from openburning will be limited by removing materials whose burning wouldproduce excessive smoke e.g., green vegetative materials.

regular sprinkling of water with time intervals will reduce the impactsof the dust during construction.

The proposed mitigation measures will reduce the impacts to an acceptablelevel, especially as they are limited to the construction phase. The overallconstruction period is expected to have duration of 18-months.

Extent of Impact on Air Quality = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]


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5.4.3 Groundwater

The proposed project site is located within the aquifer that is still un-explored for surrounding communities. The subsoil water is saline andcannot be use for drinking purpose. Based upon the importance andsensitivity of this aquifer, as well as a good construction practices, allprecautions necessary will be required to reduce the potential for siteimpacts on ground water to a minimum. While the proposed sitepreparation and facility construction activities for the proposed project arenot anticipated to cause any short-term or long-term groundwater impactsto the site, Best Management Practices (BMP) will need to be employedduring construction to ensure impacts (if any) are minimal and are properlymitigated.


During construction all contractors, technicians and laborers will berequired to implement best practices to minimize the potential for spills offuels or chemicals. Maintenance will be performed only in designatedareas. In the unlikely event that spills do occur, they will be managed inaccordance with the project’s Environmental Management & MonitoringPlan (EMMP).To further minimize potential environmental impacts, it isrecommended that full-time environmental monitoring is conducted duringconstruction, particularly during all refueling operations to minimizepotential concern. The environmental monitoring could be under theEnvironmental & Safety Department or a member of the safety departmentwith the authority of “Stopping the Job” in the event that noncompliance ofenvironmental regulation is being observed.

Extent of Impact on Ground Water = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]

5.4.4 Solid Waste

The major solid wastes to be generated during construction activities are:

Bricks waste

Waste from Quality Control

Paper bags

Used oil/lubricants

Metal/wooden waste


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Medical waste

Empty drums or containers

Cotton rags

Miscellaneous waste: Miscellaneous solid wastes include batteries,tires, tubes, filters, belts, nylon strips, bag filters, scrap wood, steelscrap, house hold articles etc., which will be sold in the marketthrough scrap dealers.


During the site clearance stage, it is anticipated that relatively largequantities of solid waste would be generated from labour camps,top-soil and sub-soil. Part of the excavated material would be usedfor leveling and grading and the balance would be stockpiled atdesignated locations on the site. Other solid wastes including,cooking waste and general solid waste are often associated with arelatively large work forces. Cooking wastes and general garbagewill be collected at regular intervals and land filled at an approveddisposal site.

Adequate number of solid waste container should be provided at theproject site at various places and shall not in any case dispose ofwaste indiscriminately outside of the boundary wall of the projectsite.

The wastes like organic, inorganic, hazardous, non-hazardous wasteetc should be collated and stored according to the nature of thewastes. This waste should be dispose off through a certifiedcontractor who shall dispose the waste in consultation of TehsilMunicipal Administration (TMA) with environment sustainablemanner. However, while disposing any waste material, allenvironmental aspects/impacts of such wastes should becommunicated clearly to the concerned contractor. Record of allsuch sales shall be maintained for later use if and when required.

Extent of Impact Due Solid Waste = ▲ (Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]

5.4.5 Noise Impact

Construction of the proposed project is expected to take place for about 48-months, with varying degrees of activity occurring during different phases of


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construction. Construction phases are expected to include excavation,concrete pouring, steel erection, mechanical/electrical installation andcleanup. Noise will be generated by operation of heavy equipment andincreased frequency of vehicular traffic in the area during constructionactivities. Vibration levels will also increase due to these activities.However, these impacts are short term, intermittent and temporary innature and are not likely to be felt outside the boundary of the proposedproject. The exact noise levels are a complex function of variables such asthe actual noise levels emitted from each major noise-emitting equipment,their location and orientation within the construction area, and theiroperation and load.


The adjoining localities are outside the range of impact of noise emissionsdue to construction activities. Overall, the impact of noise generated duringconstruction on the environment is temporary and mainly confined todaylight hours. It is anticipated that it will be possible to reduce noiseimpacts during construction to an acceptable minimum by properly examineand tuning of the noise producing machinery, installation of noise barriersand noise abatement measures.

Extent of Impact on Noise = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]

5.4.6 Fire Risk

Fire and explosion hazard impacts are not expected during the constructionphase due to the limited quantities of flammable and combustible materialsto be imported to the site. The availability and use of portable extinguishingsystems would limit the impacts of small fires, and personnel will berequired to receive training on the proper use and locations of thisequipment.


During construction, any waste disposal burning will be conducted in acleared and dedicated area under controlled conditions, on those dayswhen ambient air conditions will not permit embers to drift into thesurroundings.

Extent of Impact on Noise = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]


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5.4.7 Ecological Impacts

5.4.7.1 Terrestrial Systems

During construction activities, only very minor land clearing is required as acomponent of the proposed development activity. Land clearing, asproposed, will be limited to that required for the needs of the project, andwill be conducted in such a manner that is protective of the environment.

5.4.7.2 Fauna and Flora

No ecological important flora and fauna is present at the site. Theconstruction area is not perceived as including sensitive habitat. Undernormal dry weather conditions, a significant amount of dust will be thrownup by excavating activities. Hence, vegetation and animal habitats in thevicinity village near the site and roads will be affected by wind-blown dustand its deposition. The contribution to the natural dust concentration in theair will only be of relevance at the beginning of the construction phase,during the main excavation activities. During this period, dust can beexpected to settle on plant leaves and aerial roots, which could hinder airexchange and assimilation by the plants. The temporarily increasedvehicular traffic coupled with high noise levels due to various constructionactivities may also have some negative impacts on animals. Especiallybirds and other acoustically orientated animals living in the vicinity of thesite and the roads used can be disturbed by noise. Disturbances during theperiod of construction could drive noise sensitive bird species from theirhabitats, but these are expected to return after construction has finished.No endangered species were found in the construction area. During thevisual inspections of the site no nests or nesting was observed. No birds orwild animals were discerned in the site vicinity. The influence of dust isunavoidable but mainly restricted to the first period of the constructionphase. No major impacts by dust and noise on the flora and fauna in thevicinity of the site and the used roads are to be expected. The constructionrelated impacts on fauna and flora may be considered to be low.


It is suggested that extensive tree plantation should be carry out tomaintain the natural habitat.

Extent of Impact on Fauna & Flora = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]


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5.4.8 Impacts on Human Population

Construction related noise is not anticipated to be a concern to the nearestreceptor, but to mitigate this potential concern, construction will normallyoccur during daylight hours and will run during one shift per day. Inaddition, any excessive noise generated by construction related activitieswill be short term and short duration, and will generally not expected toexceed the SEQS. However, there might be a notable increase in roadtraffic as freight is moving to the site. No direct impacts to the communitiesor neighborhoods are anticipated.

Based upon visual inspection of the site and site vicinity, the proposedpower plant site and roadway are absent of any residences. As a result, norelocation impacts are anticipated.

Extent of Impact on Human Population = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]

5.4.9 Traffic Impact

It may be anticipated that an overall increase in traffic would occur directlyas a consequence of the proposed construction. An increase in traffic willoccur to and from the project site subsequent to freight arrival. Thetemporary traffic impacts are not expected to affect significantly the localresidents since residential development is sparse in the immediate sitevicinity. No significant traffic problems are expected during the constructionperiod, other than minimal delays for start and stop time for the workerscommuting to their residences and due to occasional heavy equipment andmaterials moving to and from the site. Construction traffic generationshould be viewed at the most as a temporary inconvenience.


The constructor should prepare a traffic management plan in consultationwith the local population and project proponents.

Extent of Impact on Traffic = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures.]

5.4.10 Socio-economic Impacts

Most of construction workers are anticipated to be hired from within theRanipur. In addition, general contractors/vendors, consultants andengineers from within the country will provide technical and specializedservices. The construction impacts on the local employment opportunities


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are beneficial, although relatively short term. Indirect employment in thelocal area will also occur primarily in retail, eating and drinkingestablishments. During construction of the plant an estimated employmentopportunities (of 100 - 200 workers) will be created both for skilled andunskilled local workers.

Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼(Locally Favorable)

5.4.11 Public Services and Facilities

Construction related impacts to public services and facilities, such aspolice, fire, and medical services and water, wastewater and solid wastedisposal are not expected to be significant. With minimal relocations to theproject area expected, existing facilities and services will be adequate tomeet the demands on these services. The selected general contractor willbe responsible for removing and disposing of construction related debris, inenvironmentally safe manner and at some suitable designated site.

Extent of Public Services and Facilities Impact = ▲(Low) [withadoption of mitigation measures.]

5.4.12 Cultural Resource Impacts

Fugitive dust emissions will be properly controlled so that no impact onvisibility will occur. Also as discussed, due to attenuation with distance,construction noise will not affect the quality of life at the nearest habitats.Some minor inconvenience may occur through increased traffic andequipment creating conflicts on Indus Highway/Road. However, duringconstruction of the power plant, no conflicts are anticipated with culturalresources in the area.

Extent of Cultural Resource Impacts = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]

5.4.13 Waste Water

Sewage and waste water will be generated at the construction camps andfrom construction activities. If generate effluents are not properly treated ordisposed off this may contaminate the surface and any other source ofwater and land.


For effluents draining installation of proper sewage disposal facilityfor the entire site should be considered.


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Proper septic tanks of adequate size should be established.

Extent of Impact on Ground Water = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]

5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM PROJECTOPERATION

This section discusses the potential impacts from regular operation of theproposed project and associated facilities on the natural resources andenvironment of the site and vicinity. The power plant invariably haspotential for environmental impacts during the operational phase of theproject. During the operational phase the following impacts are normally themost significance:

Air quality impacts

Ecological impacts

Impacts associated with the abstraction and discharge of water

Impacts arising from solid waste management

Noise and vibration impacts

Soil, groundwater and surface water contamination

Accidents

Socio economic impacts

5.5.1 Air Quality Impacts

The combustion of Bagasse fired boiler operation inevitably results inemission of gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. The pollutants ofpotential concern are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbonmonoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM).

In general, the most significant emissions from the combustion in boiler ofthe proposed project are sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx),carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter. Carbon monoxide (CO) ismuch less problematic as developments aimed at improving combustionefficiency in the boilers have also addressed these pollutants. Electrostaticprecipitator (ESP) will be installed to control the emissions of the boiler.


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Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)ESPs are common installations on power plants to remove over 99% ofash particles from million ft3 per minute of fumes. Electrostaticprecipitators work better than the alternative, the fabric filter bag houseespecially when the gas to be treated and its particles are hot or wet.

Advantages

Low operating cost (except at very high efficiencies)

Very high efficiency, even for smaller particles

Ability to handle very large gas flow rates with low pressure losses

Ability to remove dry as well as wet particles

Temperature flexibility in design


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Figure - 5.1: Layout Diagram of Electro Static Precipitator


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Design Parameters of Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)

Table 5.2: Design Parameters of ESP

ParametersDesignValue

Unit

Reservoir Depth (D) 10.00 ftReservoir Pressure(pbar) 4.350 psiaIPR (qmax) 15.0 stb/dayProduction field gravity (∂l) 0.865 1 for H2OVolume factor for Production liquid(BL)

1,25 Rb/stb

Tubing inner diameter (dti) 2,992 In.Well Head Pressure (þwh) 100 psiaPump Section pressure(psuction) 200 psiaProduction Rate (qLd) 8,000 Stb/dayBottom hole pressure from IPR (pwfd) 2.823 psiaProduction rate at pump (qLd) 10.00 bbl/dayMinimum capacity of selected pump(qLP)

10.00 bbl/day

Minimum Pump setting depth (Dpump) 2.997 ftInput pump setting depth (Dpump) 9.800 ftPump Section Pressure (psuction) 2.748 psiaPump discharge pressure (pdischarge) 3.728 psiaPressure differential (∆p) 980 psiaPumping head (h) 2.263 Ft H2OPumping head per stage (hs) 60,00 Ft/stageHorse power per stage (hps) 6,00 hpEfficiency (Ep) 0.86Required number of stages (Ns) 38

5.5.2 Ecological Impacts

5.5.2.1 Impacts on Fauna and Flora

a) Air Emissions

The effect of air emissions from the stacks upon breeding birds (if any)proximal to the site will not be clear without careful monitoring. During thepreparation of the EIA, no nest or nesting birds were observed on orproximal to the project site. Recommendations for a monitoring programinclude review of areas immediately adjacent and proximal to the site.


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Since birds are generally mobile, it is anticipated that they will relocatebeyond the sphere of influence of the plant. The effect of gaseous and PMemissions on the adjacent areas, after adoption of necessary mitigationmeasures, is not anticipated to be a concern, because the air quality levelsare predicted to remain within those approved by SEQS for human health.Consequently, air emissions are not likely to affect local fauna and flora.

b) Noise

Noise from the operation of the proposed project, after adoption ofnecessary measures, will result in its level not exceeding the limits set bythe SEQS. Thus, noise from the project activity will not give rise to anyserious adverse impacts on the surrounding fauna and flora.

c) Waste Water

Waste Water and Sewage from all sources will be treated in effluenttreatment plant. It is anticipated that about eight hundred gallon (800 g) perday of domestic sewerage will be generated which will be treated till theSEQS levels before its final discharge, therefore, there is no question ofany adverse impacts from waste water to fauna and flora.

A tentative summary flow sheet (sketch) of the effluent treatment process:

Source of Effluent Estimated Quantity(gallon/day)

Standard Meetingbefore disposal

Workers/Labour StaffColony 800 Less than

SEQS.

Extent of Impact on Fauna & Flora = ▲(Low) [with adoption ofmitigation measures.]

Equalization Temp.

Control

pH

Adjustment

Treatment Treated water ready for

disposal/irrigation within

the plant

Raw sewage &

waste water


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5.5.2.2 Landscaping

At the completion of construction activities, landscaping should include useof native plant species.

After completion of construction phase, the site will be mostly dominated bybuildings, plant & machinery, stacks and Bagasse storage. Within this areaof low visual impact, the additional visual intrusion due to realization of theproject may be assessed as low.

Extent of Impact of Landscape = ▲(Low)

5.5.3 Solid Waste Management

The types, sources, and management of solid wastes anticipated to begenerated during the operation of the proposed project facilities are asfollows:

Plant wastes such as office wastes, packaging materials, ashes,garbage, refuse, redundant electric gadgets, various types of wastesof a large variety and rubbish/trash will be generated during theoperational phase of the proposed project in addition to general solidwaste. According to nature of solid waste, some of these will berecycled on the site while others will be sold in the market throughan approved contractor while keeping all the records. The contractorwill be fully informed/educated about the nature of the wastes. Otherplant wastes, such as lead acid batteries will be segregated fromother waste streams, collected and stored in suitable containers, andwill be transported off-site and disposed at an approved land fill siteby an approved waste transporter and contractor.

Special wastes such as hazardous waste, industrial solvents andother chemical wastes, and used oil, will be generated during theoperational phases of the proposed project. Special wastes couldalso include items such as waste oils, waste lubricants, paints,maintenance-related wastes, used air and liquid filtration media, andempty or nearly empty chemical containers. Most, if not all, of thesematerials will be disposed of by incineration through contractor.While others will be sold in the market through a contractor, keepingrecord of them and informing the contractor of their hazards andrational use.

Extent of Impact of Solid Waste = ▲ (Low) [with adoption of mitigationmeasures proposed.]


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5.5.4 Noise & Vibration Impacts

Once operational, additional ambient noises may be of concern. Accordingto the project feasibility study, ambient noise measurements of theequipment/machinery will be designed to operate with a total noise levelnot exceeding 50 to 65 dB (A) in the very near vicinity of the machinery.While at the property boundary, the noise level is expected to be less than60 dB (A) as against the limiting value of 65 dB (A) by the SEQS forindustrial areas. Therefore, in case the built in design of the plant achievesthese noise levels then no excessive ambient noise impacts are anticipatedat the receptors especially the human settlements near to the project site.

Extent of Impact on Noise Level = ▲(Low) [with adoption of mitigationand control measures.]

5.5.5 Societal Impacts during Operations

5.5.5.1 Neighborhood and Communities

Human settlements are present with in the distance of about 2 to 4 kilometers (KM) from the project boundary line. None of these villages haveany health facility or adequate drinking water supply. Education facilitiesare not adequate. Being very near to the project site, any environmentalcatastrophe or routine type pollutant emissions and their concentrationabove the limiting values of SEQS-Pakistan can cause adverse impacts onhuman health or any element of the environment around. Therefore, theproject needs to be operated seriously keeping in view the environmentalmanagement plan and sticking to the SEQS emissions standards. Failingwhich to operate without following strict environmental control, there couldbe adverse effects of human health, wild flora and fauna, ecology andwhatever comes in contact with the emissions from the project.

Extent of Impact = ▲(Low after strict compliance with the requiredenvironmental management systems)

5.5.5.2 Relocation Impact

As mentioned earlier, since relocation will not be required duringimplementation of the project, no impacts are anticipated in the project areaof influence during operation phase.

Extent of Impact = ▲ (Low)


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5.5.5.3 Economic Impact

The establishment of proposed project will provide new jobs at the plantsite. Most people of the area make their living directly or indirectly fromagriculture and cottage industry. Short-term economic benefit will berealized by providing janitorial services, horticultural services,loading/unloading workers, canteen, and semi-skilled & some skilledactivities, as well as by increased use of available rental property. Thereare no negative or detrimental potential impacts on the socio-economicsetting of the area arising as a result of the proposed project. As such nomitigation measures are required.

Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼(Locally Favorable)

5.6 POSITIVE SOCIO–ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON THE OVERALL PROJECTAREA

In ultimate analysis the impacts of project on social and economic activitiesin the project area will be mostly positive. The economic analysis showsvery high economic benefits compared to the cost. Salient economicbenefits of the project are:

Electric GenerationThe power plant is expected to generate 60 MW of electricity. Given thatPakistan is facing the acute shortage of the energy this project will helptowards meeting a portion of the shortfall, thus providing some measures ofrelief to the people of Pakistan. The generation of electricity will not onlyhelp the industrial sector and its outputs but will also help to raise thestandards of living as it will reduce load shedding.

Furthermore, the proposed power plant is based on imported or someextent local Bagasse which will prove to be less costly than the thermalpower plants based on furnace oil.

Economic BoostIncreased economic activity with improved transport will ensure easymarketing of agriculture and livestock produce. With improved economy,there will be further improvement in services in the area and opportunitiesfor employment, education, healthcare, especially for women and children,will improve.


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Employment GenerationEmployment during construction phase will take up and train a largenumber of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time benefit throughskill training, capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number ofsemi and unskilled workers in the project area will be hired.

Health AwarenessGreater awareness about Health care including HIV/AIDS and infectiousdiseases amongst the labor and the close by community will be created.

Improvement in LivelihoodAt micro–level the hustle and bustle and increase in economic activitiesmay bring the cost of living down by making essential commoditiesavailable at cheaper rates. This combined with higher incidence ofemployments will bring the poverty line and crime rate much lower.

Extent of Socio-Economic Impact = ▼▼ (Locally Favorable)


Page 95

6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (EMP) AND MONITORINGPROGRAM

This EMP describes the mitigation and management measures to addressthe environmental issues during construction, its regular operation phasesof the proposed project.

6.1 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The objectives of the EMP are as follow:

a) To outline functions and responsibilities of responsible persons.

b) To state standards and guidelines, which are required to beachieved in term of environmental legislation.

c) To outline mitigation measures and environmental specificationswhich are required to be implementation for all phase of the projectin order to minimize the extent of environmental impacts and tomanage environmental impact associated with the proposed project.

d) To prevent long term or permanent environmental degradation.

e) To identify training requirement at various levels.

6.2 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY

Project Proponent will be responsible for Monitoring and Evaluation, butEnvironment consultant (of the proponent) will responsible to monitor EMPimplementation in the field and reporting to the Project Proponent. TheProject Proponent will integrate monitoring reports in the main monthlyreports of the project. The Environment Specialist of SupervisionConsultant will carry out a final evaluation at the end of the Project. Inaddition, for external monitoring, proponent is to engage an independentagency (an NGO, an academic institute or an individual consultant) toconduct 3rd party validation of EMP implementation. District Office of theEPA at the project area will monitor the overall activity at the site.

6.3 TRAINING SCHEDULE

In order to effectively operate the EMP all the staff to be engaged in thisactivity should be trained extensively.

The person to monitor gaseous emissions, PM and noise levels should beextensively trained to handle his job capably. Training program shouldinclude use of monitoring instruments, data generation, processing,interpretation, recording and presentation. Training of the workers shouldbe done on quarterly basis.


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6.4 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The EMP provides mitigation and management measures for the followingphases of the project:

6.4.1 Construction Phase

This section of EMP provides management principles for the constructionphase of the project. Environmental actions, procedures andresponsibilities as required within the construction phase are specified.These specifications will form part of the contract documentation andtherefore, the contractor will be required to comply with the specifications tothe satisfaction of the project Manager and Environmental Control Officer,in terms of the construction contract.

6.4.2 Operation and Mitigation Phase

This section of EMP provides management principles for the operation andmaintenance phase of the project. Environmental actions, procedure andresponsibilities are required from proponent within the operation andmaintenance phase are satisfied.


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Table - 6.1: Environmental Management Plan for 60 MW Bagasse Based Power Project

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact

Targets to beAchieved

Mitigation/Preventive Action

Responsibility

Implementation Supervision Monitoring

Pre-Construction Phase

1. Legislation,

permits and

agreements

Full compliance

with all relevant

National & Local

Legislation

In all instances,

Proponent, service

providers,

contractors and

consultants require

to remain in

compliance with

relevant local and

national legislation.

Once at Design

Stage and prior to

moving onto site by

proponent.

Proponent,

Contractor/

Engineers,

Consultants

Project

Proponent

2. Land Acquisition,

Loss of private

land, agriculture

field, trees,

residential/

commercial

Site preparation/

clearance and

proper landscaping

without any kind of

grievance for

construction of

Develop an

appropriate “land

acquisition &

Resettlement Action

Plan”

Land acquisition (if

Prior to start

construction by

Proponent.

Contractor and

Design

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultants

Project

Proponent


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


structures proposed thermal

power plant

any) must be

conducted in

compliance with

relevant laws and

legislation

The cost related to

relocation will be

given to the

relocated residents

Ensure maximum

possible employment

to local residents

3. Planning & Design High degree of

structural

competence,

reliability, safety

and ease

The design

specification will be

followed to withstand

local standards

regarding noise and

vibration and use of

At Design Stage

by proponent with

coordination of

Design Engineers

Design

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultants

Project

Proponent


Page 99

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


familiar and culturally

relevant materials

wherever consistent

with functional needs

Project performance

must be enhanced

by incorporating

innovative and

sustainable design

strategies.

4. Local Conflicts of

interest among

residents,

workers,

government

officers & local

politician

Settle down each

of conflict arise to

best possible

extent

Ensure consideration

of affected people’s

emotions

Provide maximum

project benefits to

local affected person

(e.g. employment)

Prior to start

construction by

contractor with

coordination of

proponent

Contractors

and Design

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultants

Project

Proponent

5. Misdistribution of Equal and fair Implement the same Prior to commence Contractors Project


Page 100

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


Benefits and

Compensation

among residents,

workers,

government

officers and

others.

distribution of

benefits and

compensation

mitigation as outlined

in the “Local conflict

of interest”

construction activity

by contractor with

coordination of

proponent

and Design

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultants

Proponent

6. Access to Site

may result in

damage to

existing roads due

to heavy

machinery/

equipments

mobilization

Ascertain existing

conditions of road

for safe access to

site for

transportation of

construction

equipments and

materials

Access to site will be

via existing roads.

The Contractor will

need to ascertain the

existing condition of

the roads and repair

major damage to

avoid delays in

transporting

construction

materials

Contractor with

coordination of

Engineer and

Consultant

Design

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultants

Project

Proponent


Page 101

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


All roads for

construction access

must be planned and

approved by the

Engineer and

Consultant

No trees, shrubs or

groundcover may be

removed or

vegetation stripped

without the prior

permission of

Engineer/ Consultant

The Local Traffic

Police Department

shall be involved in

the planning stages

of the road closure


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


and detour and shall

be available on site

for the monitoring of

traffic in the early

stages of the

operations during

road closure

The Local Traffic

Department must be

informed at least a

week in advance if

the traffic in the area

will be affected

7. Setting up of

Construction

Camps

Availability of

environmentally

sound construction

camp facilities

Choice of site for the

Contractor‘s camp

requires the

Engineer‘s

permission and must

Contractor with

coordination of

proponent

Design

Engineers

&Supervision

Consultant

Project

Proponent


Page 103

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


take into account

location of local

residents,

businesses and

existing land uses, if

any.

If the Contractor

chooses to locate the

camp site on private

land, he must get

prior permission from

both the Engineer

and the landowner

Cut and fill must be

avoided where

possible during the

set up of the

construction camp


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


Camp must be

properly fenced and

secured

The Contractor shall

make adequate

provision for

temporary toilets for

the use of their

employees. Such

facilities, which shall

comply with local

authority regulations,

shall be maintained

in a clean and

hygienic condition.

Their use shall be

strictly enforced

Bins and/ or skips


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


shall be provided at

convenient intervals

for disposal of waste

within the

construction camp

Bins shall have liner

bags for efficient

control and safe

disposal of waste

Recycling and the

provision of separate

waste receptacles for

different types of

waste shall be

encouraged.

Construction Phase

1. Air Quality

Dust resulting

Compliance with

prescribed SEQS

Necessary

measures likeDuring

Construction

Engineers &

Supervision

Proponent/ EPA


Page 106

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


from

construction

work

Use of heavy

machinery can

generate

exhaust and

dust emissions

Dispersion of

particles from

stockpiles

during high

velocity wind

Smoke from

burning of

waste

materials or

burning of

to control air

pollution

sprinkling of water

on regular basis

especially during

dry climatic

conditions should

be taken to limit

pollution from dust

and other

windblown

materials.

Covering or use of

wind sheets around

the stockpiles to

avoid air pollution

through dispersion

Periodic

maintenance and

management of all

Phase by

Contractor with

coordination of

Proponent staff

Consultants


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


firewood in the

labor camp

the construction

machinery and

vehicles

Cutting and burning

shrubs for fuel will

be prohibited.

Instead gas

cylinders should be

used in the labor

camp for cooking

purposes. Similarly

waste burning will

not be allowed.

2. Water Quality

Run-off water

from

construction

area

Control of

groundwater or

surface water

pollution from

construction

Use of spill

prevention trays and

impermeable sheets

to avoid

contamination of the

During

Construction

Phase by

Contractor with

coordination of

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultants

Proponent/ EPA


Page 108

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


Drainage of

wastewater on

ground can

contaminate

the soil and

groundwater.

Inappropriate

disposal of

waste.

Open

sewerage

water disposal

on land can

contaminate

ground water

and cause

generation of

mosquitoes

activities groundwater/surface

water

Furthermore, septic

tanks will need to be

constructed which

will be cemented to

prevent the

groundwater

contamination

Proper disposal of

waste material on

dumping sites to

avoid leachate

generation and

contamination of

groundwater/surfac

e water

Prohibit illegal

Proponent staff


Page 109

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


and various

other insects in

the area.

Leakage of oil

and chemical

materials from

construction

activity

dumping of waste

The contractor will

repair / replace /

compensate for any

damages caused by

the Construction

activities to the

drinking water

source/s.

3. Waste

Construction

waste from

construction

activities

Domestic waste

from workers

camp

Hazardous

Proper & safe

handling and

disposal of

construction

related waste

Compliance with

applicable waste

management

rules for

Ensure prevention

of inappropriate

disposal of waste

material

Conduct separate

collection of

construction and

domestic waste to

promote recycling

During

Construction

Phase by

Contractor with

coordination of

Proponent staff

Engineers &

Supervision

Consultant

Proponent/ EPA


Page 110

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


waste such as

dry batteries,

chemicals etc.

hazardous and

non-hazardous

waste disposal

Implementation of

waste

management plan

and re-use

Dispose non-

recyclable and

hazardous waste

material properly

according to waste

management rules

Proper disposal of

waste on agreed

site as per agreed

method. The area to

be leveled and

contoured after

disposing excess

material. No waste

or debris will be

thrown in the

nearest canal water


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


or other water

bodies

Contractor will

prepare waste

management plan

related to

construction

activities; get its

approval from site

engineer and

ensure its full

implementation

4. Noise

Noise caused

by construction

machinery and

vehicles used

for mobilization

Compliance with

prescribed SEQs

to control Noise

pollution

The contractor will

strictly follow the

SEQS for ambient

noise

Control noise

through control of

During

Construction

Phase by

Contractor with

coordination of

Proponent staff

Supervision

Consultant

Proponent/ EPA


Page 112

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


of construction

equipment and

workers

working hours and

selection of less

noisy equipment.

Prohibit use of

pressure horns

Provision of

acoustic enclosures

(hood and shrouds)

on generator

Proper maintenance

of vehicles and

construction

equipment.

Minimize/avoid

unnecessary use of

pneumatic drills and

other noisy

machinery


Page 113

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


The personal

protective

equipment (PPE)

will be provided to

the construction

workers and its

usage will be made

mandatory

5. Materials

Management

Safe and secure

environment for

construction

workers

Stockpiles shall not

be situated such

that they obstruct

natural water

pathways

Stockpiles shall not

exceed 2m in height

unless permitted by

Concerned

Engineer on site

Contractor with

coordination of

proponent and

Engineer

Engineer &

Supervision

Consultant

Proponent/

EPA


Page 114

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


If stockpiles are

exposed to windy

conditions or heavy

rain, they shall be

covered either

depending on the

duration of the

project. Stockpiles

may further be

protected by the

construction of low

brick walls around

their bases

All substances

required for vehicle/

machinery

maintenance and

repair must be


Page 115

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


stored in sealed

containers until they

can be disposed of /

removed from the

site

Hazardous

substances /

materials are to be

transported in

sealed containers or

bags

Spraying of

insecticide shall not

take place under

windy conditions

6. BiologicalResources

Removal of

Obligation to

respect wildlife,

Forest and

Re-plantation of

maximum number

of trees.

Contractor with

coordination of

proponent staff

Design

Engineer &

Supervision

Proponent/

EPA


Page 116

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


vegetation

covers by

cutting of trees,

crops, herbs

and shrubs

Fauna

including birds

and animals

will be affected

during

excavation,

movement of

labor and

carriage of

goods and

machinery

Fisheries Laws.

Conserve

biodiversity and

its terrestrial as

well as aquatic

habitat

Staff and workers

should be instructed

not to damage

nearby vegetation of

the surrounding

area.

Open fires should

be prohibited in the

area to avoid the

hazard of fire and

impact on nearby

flora and fauna.

Contractor staff

should be given

clear instructions

that they should not

hunt any birds/

animal in the project

Consultant


Page 117

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


area/ site

Barriers/ fencing/ or

boundary wall

should be installed

at project site to

protect movement

of animals at the

project site during

constructions.

Proper disposal of

organic waste (if

any) generated

during the

construction stage

to avoid rodents and

other insects’

generation.

7. Staff Conduct Timely completion The Contractor Contractor Design Proponent/ EPA


Page 118

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


of project

activities

must monitor the

performance of

construction

workers to ensure

that point relayed

during their

induction have been

properly understood

and being followed

Engineer &

Supervision

Consultant

8. Leakages/ spills/

Paints/ Used oil

Compliance with

standards set

forth by “Guide

Lines for Oil Spill

Waste

Minimization and

Management”

issued by

International

Contractor will apply

strict rules on his

workers and labor to

ensure that no spill

or leakages are

caused

All fuels, oils and

bitumen will be

stored

Contractor Design

Engineer &

Supervision

Consultant

Proponent/ EPA


Page 119

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


Petroleum

Industry

Environmental

Conservation

Associate

appropriately, with

concrete padding

and bunding for

containment in case

of leakage

Proper maintenance

of vehicles and

machinery

Chemical waste will

be disposed off in

approved disposal

site.

All fuel tanks,

chemicals including

paints, pesticides or

other hazardous

substances will be

properly marked to


Page 120

Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


highlight their

content

PPE will be

enforced to use

during the handling

and application of

chemicals

Used oil/ oil rags will

be disposed through

approved recyclable

waste vendors

The contractor will

employ the general

criteria for oil and

leakage at

construction sites,

as per standards

9. Workers Health & Prevention of any Provision of Contractor Engineer & Proponent/ EPA


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


Safety possibility of work

site accident

/impact on

worker’s health

Personal Protective

Equipment to the

workers

Provision of first aid

box at work site to

cope with

emergency situation

Safety training to

the workers

Safe driving training

to the drivers

Adequate safety

signs on site

Provide training

regarding proper

handling and use of

chemicals/ paints

Install fire

Supervision

Consultant


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


extinguishers at fire

handling places

Inspect and ensure

that any lifting

devices, such as

cranes, are

appropriate for

expected loads

Any loss of public/

private property will

be compensated by

the contractor

Regular checks

should be carried

out to ensure a

contractor’s is

following safe

working procedures


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


and practices.

10. Socio-economic

Impacts

Prevention of

conflicts among

locals and make

the project

socially

acceptable

Empowerment of

locals to possible

extent

Increase in

employment and

business

opportunities for

locals

Contractor‘s

activities and

movement of staff to

be restricted to

designated

construction areas

The conduct of the

construction staff

when dealing with

the public or other

stakeholders shall

be in a manner that

is polite and

courteous all the

time

Lighting on the

construction site

Contractor with

coordination of

proponent staff

Supervision

Engineer

Proponent/ EPA


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


shall be pointed

downwards and

away from

oncoming traffic.

The site must be

kept clean to

minimize the visual

impact of site

Machinery and

vehicles are to be

kept in good

working order for

the duration of the

project to minimize

noise nuisance to

neighbors

Noisy activities must

be restricted to the


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Sr.No.

ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


times given in the

Project Specification

or General

Conditions of

contract

The Contractor are

responsible for

ongoing

communication with

those people that

are interested in /

affected by the

projects

Employ local

residents as much

as possible

Promote

communication


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Impact



Responsibility


between external

workers and local

people (e.g. join

local events).

11. Clearance of site

from extra /

surplus material

and construction

equipment

Restoration of site

to a similar

condition prior to

the

commencement

of the work or to a

condition agreed

with the project

management and

landscaping of

the site

Timely removal of

waste from the site

to avoid congestion

at work place.

Construction waste

should be collected

and disposed

separately from

other waste.

Care will be taken

during handling and

disposal of waste.

Contaminated soil

(if generated) due to

Contractor Supervision

Engineers

Proponent/ EPA


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Responsibility


accidental spills will

be removed and

transported to

suitable site for

disposal.

Avoid mixing of

hazardous waste

with non-hazardous

waste.

Safe transportation

of construction

equipment from the

site.

The contractor must

ensures that all

structure,

equipment,

materials and


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Impact



Responsibility


facilities used or

created on site

for/or during

construction

activities are

removed.

Empty/available

space will be

covered with grassy

lawns.

Use of native

vegetation as a part

of landscape.

Ornamental plant

species like roses,

jasmine, and

seasonal flowers

can be used in


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Impact



Responsibility


proposed

landscaping, which

is a common

practice in this part.

Operational Phase

1. Air Quality

Exhaust gas

from stacks

Dust from ash

disposal

activity

Exhaust gas

from vehicles

used for

mobilization of

equipment

Dust from

bagasse

Compliance With

Emission gas

standards,

Ambient air

quality (SEQs)

standards,

Prevention of air

pollution in

surrounding area;

appropriate

handling of ash;

appropriate

bagasse

Power PlantOperationalActivities

To reduce PM

emissions,

Electrostatic

precipitator of

99.8% efficiency

will be installed

To reduce NO2

emissions, firing

system will use

low combust

EHS officer of

Project Proponent

Environment

Consultant

hired by

Project

Proponent

Project

Proponent/ EPA


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


handling

activities and

Bagasseyard

handling during

stock and

unloading

activities

technology

For stack

design, height

will be 90m

Duct will be

provided with

Electrostatic

Precipitator with

the supported

infrastructure as

required under

the gas emission

standards of

SEQS

Ash Handling

Shifting the fly

ash and bottom

ash to the ash


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Impact



Responsibility


pond1 using air

sealed conveyer

Watering in the

ash pond as

required for dry

season

Re-greening

especially along

the boundary of

the plant site

surrounding ash

pond with

domestic plants

according to

local climate

conditions

1An ash disposal pond (10 ha) will be built at the project site. The nominal capacity of the ash disposal pond is calculated based on the total volume of the ash to beaccumulated for the duration of 5 years operation with 5000 hours of full load factor each. Leakage from the bottom of the ash pond will be prevented by using an impermeablelayer, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet or silt layer.


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Impact



Responsibility


Gas Emissionsfrom Vehicles

Periodic

maintenance

and

management of

vehicles

2. Water Quality

Thermal

effluent from

cooling system

Wastewater

from plant

process

Rainwater

drainage from

ash pond and

Bagasseyard

Compliance with

Wastewater

standards of

SEQS

Thermal Effluents

Thermal

effluents will be

discharge far

from the intake

point of cooling

water to reduce

the impact on

surrounding area

Wastewater

Installation of

EHS officer of

Project Proponent

Environment

Consultant

hired by

Project

Proponent

Project

Proponent/ EPA


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


Leakages of oil

and chemical

materials

wastewater

treatment

system by

neutralization,

settling and oil

separation so

any wastewater

produced

complies with

wastewater

standards of

SEQS

Runoff water

Runoff water is

collected in the

pond and

discharged after

appropriate


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Impact



Responsibility


treatment

The bottom of

the ash pond

shall have an

impermeable

layer (less than

10-6cm/sec) such

as impermeable

geo-membrane,

sheet and clay

Oil & chemicalmaterials leakage

Storage of oil

and chemical

material in

appropriate tank

with retaining

wall and method


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


to prevent

permeation into

ground.

3. Waste

Fly ash and

bottom ash

Sludge from

wastewater

treatment and

waste oil from

equipment etc.

Sewage and

garbage from

workers

Compliance with

waste

management

rules

Appropriate

handling of

Bagasseash

Management of

waste, especially

hazardous waste

Prevention of

inappropriate

waste disposal

Ash disposal

Ash pond is

designed with

capacity of 5

years of

operation

Wastemanagement

Implementation of

waste management

program consisting

of reduce, reuse and

re-cycling of

materials

Systematic

EHS officer of

Project Proponent

Environment

Consultant

hired by

Project

Proponent

Project

Proponent/ EPA


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


collection and

protected

storage of waste

Waste disposal

at appropriate

and designated

site

Hazardous

waste must be

treated under

related

regulation

Prohibition of

dumping of any

contaminating

material

4. Noise & Vibration

Noise and

Compliance with

prescribed SEQs

Installation of low

noise/ low vibrationEHS officer of

Project Proponent

Environment

Consultant

Project

Proponent/ EPA


Page 137

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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


vibration from

steam turbines,

generators and

pumps etc.

Noise by ash

disposal/

Bagasse

handling

activity

Noise from

vehicles used

for mobilization

of equipment

to control Noise

pollution

type equipment

Proper

maintenance of

equipments

Adequate basis of

equipment to

reduce the vibration

Adequate enclosure

of equipment to

reduce noise

Provision of PPEs

to workers like ear

muffles

Ensure use of

PPEs by workers

hired by

Project

Proponent

5. Access to socialservices

Social facilities

Improved social

infrastructure and

living standards of

Increased access to

social services

Construction of

Project Proponent EHS officer/

Environment

Consultant

Project

Proponent/ EPA


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


like road,

school etc.

Employment

opportunities

local residents

along with power

plant

access road,

community road,

and road around

the power plant

boundary

Service facilities

such as school

and medical

centre are made

available to the

local residents

as required

Electrification of

surrounding area

must be

examined

Provision of

employment to

hired by

Project

Proponent


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Responsibility


every affected

person on fair

basis

6. Workenvironment(including worksafety)

Labor

accidents due

to handling

heavy loads;

working at

heights;

electric shocks

Diseases

caused by air

pollutants,

water

Prevention

measures against

labor accidents

and health

problems

Labor accidents

Prepare a

manual for labor

accident

prevention

including safety

education and

training

Provide workers

with appropriate

protective

equipment

Inspect and

ensure that any

lifting devices,

EHS officer of

Project Proponent

Environment

Consultant

hired by

Project

Proponent

Project

Proponent/ EPA


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


pollutants, and

noise from the

operation of

the power plant

Fire Hazards

such as cranes,

are appropriate

for expected

loads

Keep lifting

devices well

maintained and

perform

maintenance

checks as

appropriate

Use equipment

that protects

against electric

shock

EnvironmentPollution

Observe related


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ProjectComponent/

Impact



Responsibility


standards and

provide workers

with appropriate

facilities.

Fire Hazards

Installing fire

extinguishers in

fire handling

places

Installing fire

fighting system

Developing fire

fighting

organization and

implementing

fire drills

Spraying water

in Bagasse yard


Page 142

Figure - 6.1: Organogram for Implementation of EMP

6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

It will be in the fitness of the things to operate this project under theEnvironmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP will ensure that even alltype of pollutants from project is within the prescribed limiting values of theSEQS. Thus, the environment and human health around the project will besafeguarded. Regular monitoring of all the significant environmental issuesis essential to check the compliance status of EMP.

The main objective of the monitoring will be;

To verify the results of the environmental study with respects to theproposed project.

To estimate the trends of concentrated values of the issues, whichhave been identified as critical and then planning the mitigatingmeasures.

To assess the efficiency of pollution control mechanism.

To ensure that any additional parameters, other than those identifiedin the EIA report, do not turn critical after the commissioning ofproposed project.

Project ProponentRanipur Energy LimitedContractor’sEnvironmentalistContractor

EnvironmentalSupervision Consultant(ESC)

Project Director

IndependentEnvironment Monitor(IEM)

Monitoring Agency(EPA)


Page 143

Table- 6.2: Recommended Activities of Environmental Monitoring

Parameter/Receptor LocationMonitoringMechanism

Monitoring andReportingFrequency

Water Quality Ground Water

Surface Water

Discrete grab

sampling and

laboratory

testing of

water

samples.

Sampling and

laboratory

testing should

be done on

monthly basis

during the

construction

and annually

during the

operational

stage.

Discharges

from the

construction

sites should be

tested for

temperature,

pH and

turbidity.

Treated

effluent

discharges

from the

worker’s camp

to be tested for

pH, TSS and

BOD5.


Page 144



Dust Emissions Tracks along the

roads during

construction

period.

Ambient

Particulate

Matter

Monitoring.

Sampling and

laboratory

testing should

be done on

monthly basis

during the

construction

and through

Quarterly basis

during the

operational

stage.

Noise Levels Camp sites,

Selected

locations along

the project

access.

Noise meter Monthly during

the

construction

and operational

stage.

Stack emission Silencers of heavy

machinery, trucks

and other

vehicles.

Emissions

monitoring

system.

Monitoring of

ambient air

quality.

Monthly

monitoring of

air pollution

parameters

including PM10,

NOX, SOX, CO,

Hydrocarbons

during the

construction

period, and

through the

online

monitoring

system of


Page 145



PM10, NOX,

CO, during the

operation

stage.

Ecological Environment

Cutting of trees In all Project Area

during the

construction stage

and operation

stage.

Periodic visits

at site to

ensure that

only those

trees should

be cut, which

are

demarcated

for cutting.

Weekly during

routine

monitoring

and reported

on monthly

basis during

the

construction

period, and

once in a year

monitoring

and reporting

during the

operation

period.

Socio-Cultural Environment

Inconvenience to

community

All around the

Project Area

Consultations

with

community to

get feedback

about

inconvenience

due to the

construction

activities to

Monthly

monitoring

and reporting

during the

construction

period.


Page 146



perform their

daily routine

chores.

6.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST

The total cost for the environmental management is estimated as 5.0million Pak Rupees. The estimations are as followings;

Table - 7.3: Environmental Management CostEnvironmental Component Quantity Amount (PKR)

i. Tree Plantation (localspecies)

1500 1,400,000.0

ii. Health and SafetyMeasures and Provision ofPPEs

L.S. 1,000,000.0

iii. Air and Water Quality &Noise Monitoring

L.S. 1,600,000.0

iv. Environmental Trainings L.S 1,000,000.0

Total Environmental Management andMonitoring Cost

5,000,000.0


Page 147

6.7 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.7.1 Recommendations and Mitigation Measures

Based on the initial benchmark study the recommendations are made:

The management of the project can capitalize on the positiveattitude of the people of area towards proposed project by offeringthem maximum employment opportunities at the construction stageand stage of operational phase of the power plant.

Insufficient and inadequate socio-economic structure of thecommunity of the area also provides ample opportunities to projectmanagement to win sympathies of local people in their favor, byintroducing meaningful and manageable plan of communitydevelopment.

Aggressive and comprehensive plantation plan can also lessen fearof local people towards environmental issues.

Plant management can explore direct or indirect chances of femaleemployment opportunities. Such efforts can be fruitful to minimizenegative social impacts.

Sustainable development approach through conservation of naturalresources would be the best strategy to compensate negative socio-environmental impacts.

Plant management should offer technical training opportunities tothe local youth, if possible, to remove relative sense of deprivation.


Page 148

Table 6.3: Project Impact Matrix

EnvironmentalComponents

Components/Activities

Physical Environment Biological Environment Social Environment

Agric

ultu

ral

Land

s

Soil

(Ero

sion

/Sta

bilit

y)

Hou

sing

Cul

tura

l/Rel

igio

us P

rope

rties

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Min

eral

Res

ourc

es

Dow

nstre

am R

iver

Flo

ws

Floo

ding

Surfa

ce w

ater

qua

lity

Gro

und

wat

er q

ualit

y

Air q

ualit

y

Noi

se

Aqua

tic E

cosy

stem

Wet

land

Eco

syst

em

Terr

estri

al E

cosy

stem

Enda

nger

ed S

peci

es

Nat

ural

Flo

ra

Wild

life

Dis

ease

Vec

tors

Publ

ic H

ealth

Land

Use

Com

mun

icat

ion

Syst

em

Empl

oym

ent

Com

mun

ity S

tabi

lity

Cul

tura

l and

Rel

igio

us V

alue

Construction PhaseConstruction Camp MA LA O O LA O O O LA LA LA LA LA O O O LA LA LA O LA LB LB O LAStorage Site O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O LA O O O OBoiler LA O O O O O O O O O LA LA O O O O LA LA O O LA O LB O oFeed Water Tank LA O O O O O O O LA LA LA LA O O O O LA o O O LA O LB o OSteam TurboGenerator

LA O O O O O O O O O O LA O O O O O O O O LA O LB O O

VehicularMovement

LA O O O O O O O LA O LA LA O O O O O O O LA LA LB O O O

Operation PhaseLoading/ Unloading LA O o O o O o O LA o LA LA O o O o O O o LA LA MB MB o OTransportation LA O O O O O O O O O LA LA O O O O O O O O O O LB O oMain TransmissionLine

LA o O o O o O o O o o O o O o O o o O o o O LB O o

LA: Low Adverse MA: Medium Adverse HA: High Adverse NA: Not Applicable O: None or Insignificant

LB: Low Beneficial Medium Beneficial HB: High Beneficial ND: Not Determinable


Page 149

7 PROJECT SOCIAL SOUNDNESS

Stakeholder consultation is a means of involving all primary and secondarystakeholders in the project’s decision-making process in order to addresstheir concerns, improve project design, and give the project legitimacy.Stakeholder consultation, if conducted in a participatory and objectivemanner, are a means of enhancing project sustainability. Community input(both of knowledge and values) on socioeconomic and environmentalissues can greatly enhance the quality of decision-making. Stakeholderconsultation was therefore conducted in the project area not only to satisfythe legal requirements of the EIA process in Sindh province but also toimprove and enhance the social and environmental design of the project.

7.1 OBJECTIVES OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION

The process of public participation and consultation was endorsed in theUnited Nations Conference on the Environment and Development(UNCED) in 1992 through one of the key documents of the conferencenamed as Agenda 21.

Agenda 21 is a comprehensive strategy for global action on sustainabledevelopment and deals with issues regarding human interaction with theenvironment. It emphasizes the role of public participation in environmentaldecision-making for the achievement of sustainable development.

A study was carried out with the broad objective to evaluate the impact ofthe project on the local population through public consultation process. Thespecific impact assessment aims were:

Promote better understanding of the project, its objective, and itslikely impact

Identify and address concerns of all interested and affected partiesof project area.

Provide a means to identify and resolve issues before plans arefinalized and potentially costly delays development commences,thus avoiding public anger and resentment.

Encourage transparency and inculcate trust among variousstakeholders to promote cooperation and partnership with thecommunities and local leadership.


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7.2 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 2014

Public consultation is mandated under Sindh’s environmental law. TheProvincial Agency has issued a set of guidelines of general applicabilityand sectoral guidelines indicating specific assessment requirements. Thisincludes Guidelines for Public Consultation, 1997 (the ‘Guidelines’), thatare summarized below:

a) Objectives of Public Involvement

To inform stakeholders about the proposed project, to provide anopportunity for those otherwise unrepresented to present their viewsand values, providing better transparency and accountability indecision making, creating a sense of ownership with the stakeholders.

b) Stakeholders

People who may be directly or indirectly affected by the proposedproject will clearly be the focus of public involvement. Those who aredirectly affected may be project beneficiaries, those likely to beadversely affected, or other stakeholders. The identification of thoseindirectly affected is more difficult, and to some extent it will be asubjective judgment. For this reason it is good practice to have a verywide definition of who should be involved and to include any person orgroup who thinks that they have an interest. Sometimes it may benecessary to consult with a representative from a particular interestgroup. In such cases the choice of representative should be left to thegroup itself. Consultation should include not only those likely to beaffected, positively or negatively, by the outcome of proposed project,but should also include those who can affect the outcome of aproposal.

c) Mechanism

Provide sufficient relevant information in a form that is easilyunderstood by non-experts (without being simplistic or insulting), allowsufficient time for stakeholders to read, discuss, consider theinformation and its implications and to present their views, responsesshould be provided to issues and problems raised or comments madeby stakeholders, selection of venues and timings of events shouldencourage maximum attendance.


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d) Timing and Frequency

Planning for the public consultation program needs to begin at a veryearly stage; ideally it should commence at the screening stage of theproposal and continue throughout the EIA process. In particular forpresent project the consultation was carried for six consecutive days.

e) Consultation Tools

Some specific consultation tools that can be used for conductingconsultations include; focus group meetings, needs assessment, semi-structured interviews; community meetings and workshops. Inparticular for this a performa was developed to get the relatedinformation.

f) Important Considerations

The development of a public involvement program would typicallyinvolve consideration of the following issues;

objectives of the proposal and the study;

identification of stakeholders;

identification of appropriate techniques to consult with thestakeholders

identification of approaches to ensure feedback to involvedstakeholders; and

mechanisms to ensure stakeholders consideration are taken intoaccount.

7.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS

Primary stakeholders were consulted during informal and formal meetingsheld in the project area. The consultation process was carried out in thePunjabi and Urdu languages. During these meetings a simple, non-technical, description of the project was given, with an overview of theproject’s likely human and environmental impact. This was followed by anopen discussion allowing participants to voice their concerns and opinions.In addition to providing communities with information on the proposedproject, their feedback was documented during the primary stakeholderconsultation. The issues and suggestions raised were recorded in fieldnotes for analysis, and interpretation.


Page 152

By reaching out to a wider segment of the population and using variouscommunication tools such as participatory needs assessment, communityconsultation meetings, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, andparticipatory rural appraisal; present EIA involved the community in activedecision-making.

In the Secondary stakeholder consultations were more formal as theyinvolved government representatives and local welfare organizations,NGO’s consulted during face-to-face meetings and through telephonicconversations. They were briefed on the EIA process, the project design,and the potential negative and positive impact of the project on the area’senvironment and communities. It was important not to raise communityexpectations unnecessarily or unrealistically during the stakeholderconsultation meetings in order to avoid undue conflict with community’sleaders or local administrators. The issues recorded in the consultationprocess were examined, validated, and addressed in the EIA report.

7.3.1 Points Discussed

Following points were discussed during the public consultations:

Project components, its activities and impacts.

Needs, priorities and reactions of the affected population regardingthe proposed Project.

Grievances redress procedures.

Entitlement checklist development for the affectees of the Project.

Evaluation criteria of the buildings.

Basis for determining the rates of the land, houses, and otherinfrastructures.

Compensation framework for the Project affectees.

Compensation criteria to be followed for the payment to theaffectees.

Role of the affectees in implementation of the project.

7.4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION TECHNIQUE

In recognition of the diversity of views within any community, it is veryimportant to obtain a clear understanding of the different stakeholders andto analyze their capacity and willingness to be involved in some or all of the


Page 153

project and its planning process. It is important to be aware of how differentpower relations can distort participation. It is also important to examine howcommunity skills, resources, and ‘local knowledge’ can be applied toimprove project design and implementation. All of this can be achieved bycareful use of the various tools of Stakeholder Consultation. Therefore, thefollowing participatory techniques were employed during stakeholderconsultations:

Informal meetings with communities.

Focus Groups with participants in communities.

In the consultation process for EIA, following key stakeholders wereconsulted:

Local communities,

Men

Community’s elders attended meetings.

Meetings with stakeholders consisted of community consultation meetings,focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with men and limitedfocus-group discussions with women.

7.4.1 Government Representatives

The consultations were carried out with the local government officials andofficials of the various departments.

The officials of government departments perceived that the employmentopportunities and business development would be the positive impacts onthe community and people during the construction phase of the proposedproject. Among the perceived negative impacts during construction phaseof the project include especially road blockage, dust emissions, noise andnuisance due to heavy traffic. All officials of project study area were in favorof the project. They expect many positive, conducive and constructiveimpacts on socio-economic life of local community regarding jobs, businessopportunity and social structure development. They were in opinion thatproject would improve area development through development of existinginfrastructure etc. The project will also raise their level of awareness,initiate cultural diffusion, activate social mobility and bring social changeregarding various aspects of their life.


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The officials from Fisheries and Irrigation departments appreciated theproposed activity. They also expressed that the jobs and businessopportunities for the local community will be increased due to projectactivities and that the infrastructure will developed that automatically lead tothe development of the project area. They also expressed the concern thatmost of the unskilled and skill jobs should be provided for the localcommunities.

7.4.2 Stakeholder Concerns and Recommendations

The findings of the Community consultations are given as followed. Allthese have been addressed in various sections of the EIA and themitigation plans have been incorporated into the EMP.

The summary of the various stakeholder consultations is given below.

The people foresee positive impacts like employment opportunities,business, development of the area etc.

Study findings depict that the people of the study area perceiveoverall positive impacts as a result of power plant sitting. Therefore,their attitude towards the project establishment is quite positive.

As far as the Environmental Assessment is concerned, positivesocial impacts are dominant over hardly conceived any negativesocial impacts observed during the study.

The people have high expectations and hope from the projectactivity and its management.

They correlate their positive attitude towards the project with manysocio-economic opportunities and benefits.

The people believe that the project in the area will open up vastemployment opportunities which in turn follow a chain of indirectsocio-economic benefits.

They also perceive accelerated economic activity due to thebusiness opportunities likely to emerge in the area. Directly orindirectly, hundreds of the local people will get employment andbusiness from the project e.g, shopkeepers, traders, suppliers,contractors, transporters, technicians, etc.

People foresee many socio-cultural and psychological positiveimpacts on their lives and the community.


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They feel that the project and its related activities will provide astrong base for social change.

They reckon that invasion of the people and technology in the areawill improve the quality of life of the people. It will also improve thelevel of general awareness of the people about different aspects oflife.

From the above facts one can conclude that many positive economic andsocial impacts will appear in the quality of the lives of the people of theStudy Area due to proposed power project. These positive impacts includeimprovement in employment and business opportunities, infrastructuredevelopment, reducing rural urban migration, generating income resourcesand improving quality of life.

7.5 PROCEDURE FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES

Suggested procedures to be adopted for the redressal of the grievancesare given below:

Project affectee will submit his/her application to the FieldImplementation Unit for consideration. Within 15 days of the receiptof the complaint, action will be taken up for redressal of thegrievance. Wherever policy matters are involved, the case will bereferred to the appropriate authority or committee appointed by theProject to decide the matter.

In case some response on the complaint is not received within 15days of the receipt of the complaint, the complainant may also senda reminder to within 15 days notice to take legal remedial measures.

In case the matter has been decided but the complainant is notsatisfied, he/she may go to the court of law.

In case of such eventualities, all affected persons should beexempted from legal and administrative fees made/paid/incurredpursuant to the grievance redressal procedures.

All complaints received in writing or written when received verballywill be properly recorded and documented.

7.6 PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS

Under the Project the following will be established or appointed to ensuretimely and effective handling of grievances:


Page 156

A Public Complaints Unit (PCU), which will be responsible toreceive, log, and resolve complaints; and,

A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC), responsible to oversee thefunctioning of the PCU as well as the final non-judicial authority onresolving grievances that cannot be resolved by PCU;

Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) having educated people from eachcommunity that can be approached by the community members fortheir grievances against the Project. The GFPs will be providedtraining by the Project in facilitating grievance redress.

Details of the proposed mechanism are given below.

7.6.1 PCU – Function and Structure

PCU will be set up as part of the environment, health and safetydepartment of the Project. A senior official with experience in communityand public liaison will lead the unit. Two assistants, one male and onefemale will be responsible for coordinating correspondence and preparingdocumentation work and will assist the senior official. The senior official willbe responsible to review all documentation. The PCU will be responsible toreceive, log, and resolve grievances. The frequency of visits will depend onthe nature and magnitude of activity in an area and the frequency ofgrievances.

7.6.2 GRC – Function and Structure

The GRC will function as an independent body that will regulate PCU andthe grievance redress process. It will comprise of:

Officials of environment, health and safety of the proposed Project.

Senior engineer that is responsible to oversee the contractors.

Two literate representatives from the communities residing near theproject site;

A representative of the local government. In case the localgovernment elections take place, this could be the Naib-Nazim orNazim (the district governor). If not, this would be the DistrictCoordinating Officer (DCO) or an appointed representative;

Senior member from the local civil society with experience incommunity relations;

A female member from the local civil society.


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The GRC will meet once every three months to review theperformance of the PCU; the frequency can be changed dependingon the nature and frequency of grievances received. Theperformance will be gauged in terms of the effectiveness and thetimeliness with which grievances were managed. In case there areany unresolved or pending issues, the GRC will deliberate onmechanisms to resolve those and come up with solutions acceptableto everyone.

7.6.3 Grievance Focal Points

The GFPs will be literate people from each community that will facilitatetheir community members in reporting grievances from the Project. TheGFPs will be provided training by the Project in facilitating grievanceredress. Each community will have a male and female GFP appointed forthis purpose.

7.6.4 Procedure of Filing and Resolving Grievances

Grievances will be logged and resolved in the following steps:

Step 1: Receive and Acknowledge Complaint

Once the PCU receives a complaint, which could be the complainant givingit in person, via letter or email, through phone call, or through a GFP, anacknowledgement of receipt of the complaint has to be sent within twoworking days to the complainant. The complainant will be issued a uniquecomplaint tracking number for their and PCU’s record.

Step 2: Investigation

PCU will work to understand the cause of the grievance for which the PCUmay need to contact the complainant again and obtain details. The PCUwill be required to complete preliminary investigations within five workingdays of receiving the complaint and send a response to the complainantdocumenting the results of their investigations and what the PCU plans todo ahead.

Step 3: Resolution through PCU

Once the PCU have investigated a grievance, it will share with thecomplainant the proposed course of action to resolve the complaint, shouldPCU believe any to be necessary. If the complainant considers thegrievance to be satisfactorily resolved, the PCU will log the complaint asresolved in their records. In case the grievance remains unresolved it will


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be reassessed and GRC will have further dialogue with the complainant todiscuss if there are any further steps, which may be taken to reach amutually agreed resolution to the problem.

For minor grievances, Steps 1, 2 and 3 or Steps 2 and 3 can be merged.

Step 4: Resolution through GRC

In case the PCU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be referredto GRC. All complaints that could not be resolved within four weeks will bydefault be referred to GRC. However, the complainant or the PCU canconvene the GRC at any point in time, depending on the nature andurgency of the issue.

7.6.5 Operating Principles for PCU

The PCU will operate on the principles of transparency, approachability andaccountability. To achieve these, the PCU will be required to:

Be equipped to handle grievances in the local languages;

Be equipped to work through all possible modes of communication,such as, emails, surface mail and face-to-face meetings at projectsite or requiring visits;

Maintain a log of all grievances, with record of the date and time ofthe complaint logged and stakeholder information, such as, name,designation and contact details;

Provide opportunity to the stakeholder to revert with their commentson the proposed plan of action;

Keep the stakeholder informed of the progress in grievanceresolution;

Obtain stakeholder consent on the mechanism proposed to redressthe grievance and document consent; and,

Maintain confidentiality of the stakeholder, if requested so.

7.6.6 Stages of Grievances

Once a grievance is logged with the PCU, it could acquire the followingstages:

Stage 1: it is resolved by the PCU or if not PCU, by the GRC;


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Stage 2: If the stakeholders are still not satisfied, they can go through localjudicial proceedings.

7.6.7 Awareness

The stakeholders will be informed of the establishment of the PCU, GRCand GFPs through a short and intensive awareness campaign. Under theawareness campaign, the proponent will share:

Objective, function and the responsibilities of the PCU, GRC andGFPs;

Means of accessing the PCU and the mechanics of registering agrievance at the PCU,

GRC and GFPs;

Operating principles of the PCU, GRC and GFPs; and,

Contact details.

Additional awareness campaigns may be organized, if necessary

7.7 COMMUNITY CONCERNS

Project Approval

The community consultations demonstrated that goodwill towards theproject proponents indeed exists; approval for project activities by thecommunities was evident. The consultations were considered a goodgesture and appreciated, especially by the men and women. This projectwill provide employments to the local as well as non local poor communityin its construction as well as in operational stages.

Local Employment

Communities in the project area emphasized that local poor communityshould be given priority when employing people for various project-relatedworks and activities according to their skills.

Interaction with Local Community

Non-Local work force coming in the project area that will not be aware ofthe local customs and norms, may result in conflicts with the localcommunity, keeping in mind the sensitive law and order situation andculture of the area.


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Impact on Livelihood

The communities also expressed some fear that project construction woulddisturb their living because of noise and vibration of constructional woksand due to vehicular movement. Another concern of local community is theroad blockage and traffic problem in the surrounding areas of proposedproject sites during construction.

7.8 LOCAL GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES

The consultations were considered a good gesture and appreciated. Theyalso expressed the jobs and business opportunities for the local communitywill be increased due to project activities. They also expressed the concernthat most of the unskilled and skill jobs should be reserved for the localcommunities.

A View During the Public Consultation


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Consultation with the Local Community

Different Views During Consultation with the Local Community

Different Views During Consultation Process


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8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN & EVACUATION/EXIT PLAN

8.1 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

a. Policy:

It is the policy of project proponent to establish an EmergencyResponse Program and guidelines for the protection of plant people,equipment damage, environment and community.

b. Purpose:

The objective of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Systemis to:

1. Recognize and plan for appropriate responses to an emergency sothat the safety risks associated with the emergency may beprevented or mitigated.

2. Train and prepare individuals working inside the installation so thatthey can respond effectively in the following:

i) Potential Risk Assessment

ii) Fire detection and Alarm System

iii) System for Intervention and Actions to control any incident

iv) Emergency Evacuation Procedure / Drills in order to meet theemergency situations, like Bomb Threatening Message orTerror Act / Threat etc Emergency Response Plan at a Glance:

c. Incident Categories:

Category Title Definition & Effect Causing Incident

1 Minor Incident

Incident, which may

involves injury or damage

to plant controllable by

personnel on the spot

1. Small Fire,

2. Small Hydrocarbon Spill,

3. Process Leakage,

4. Small leakage of Hazardous

Chemicals,

5. Minor Gas release (Toxic or

Flammable)


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Category Title Definition & Effect Causing Incident

2Serious

Incident

Incident, which may

involves injury, damage or

serious damage to plant

beyond resources of

personnel on the spot and

controllable by Emergency

Response Team

1. Fire,

2. Small explosion with minor

knock on effects,

3. Serious Spill containable,

4. Gas Release but

controllable.

3 Major Incident

Incident involving injury,

death or major damage to

plant or environment

beyond resources of Site

Emergency Response

Team and external Aid

required.

1. Major Fire,

2. Major Explosion,

3. Major Spill,

4. Major Gas Release

5. Major or multiple injuries or

illness.

4 Disaster

Escalating incident

involving large-scale injury,

death or damage, beyond

the resources of External

and Internal Emergency

Services and threatening

civilian population.

1. Toxic Gas Cloud,

2. Flammable Gas Cloud,

3. Disastrous Fires and

Explosion

8.2 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN

a. Objective:

The purpose of this procedure is to facilitate and to organizeindividual’s actions during workplace emergencies and get workingpeople of power plant out of danger quickly and efficiently. A disorderlyevacuation under emergency condition can lead to confusion, injuryand property damage.


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b. Possible Situations:

A wide variety of emergencies both man-made and natural may requirea workplace to be evacuated. These emergencies include but are notlimited to fires, bomb threats, toxic material releases etc.

c. Responsibilities:

1. Observer or First on Scene

Activate alarm from local panel to inform CCR if it is notactivated or Inform CCR by radio, telephone 111or 222, bypaging system, then call. If cannot do all above, shout loudly toalert the colleagues.

Try to understand the type of emergency and communicate toCCR as detailed as possible.

Location, extent and type of Fire / Accident / Incident

If it is safe to fix the problem, try to fix it without putting anyoneat Risk.

When relieved by emergency response team, proceed toassembly area.

2. On Duty CRE

Respond to the alarm / call.

Arrange available emergency response team

Arrange fire tender to the scene

Arrange to sound emergency siren

Inform Doctor and arrange ambulance

Inform emergency team leader and fire chief.

Inform Safety and Security Team Leaders.

Inform to the security gates and Reception, and will request tostop the entrance of contractors/visitors. Also brief the securityfor Fire tender and ambulance and for plant entry sheets.

Start Ground activities.

Note: CRE will coordinate the ground activities till emergencyteam leader comes. If due to operational activities or manpowershortage it is difficult for CRE to go out, he will nominate anyarea engineer to coordinate the ground activities.


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3. Emergency Response Team

Proceed to scene of incident.

Select a leader and act under the instructions of leader till Firechief arrival.

Communicate on Radio.

Give necessary assistance e.g. Evacuation, first aid etc.

Report to Emergency Team Leader when incident is undercontrol.

4. Fire Chief

Communicate using the radio.

Appoint himself as External Aid Service Coordinator/ Mutual AidCoordinator.

Assist with the follow up services as required.

Do liaison with Incident Controller/ Emergency Main Controllerand provide any specific advice or technical expertise as may berequired.

Ensure 24 hrs coverage of the control center during anExtended Emergency.

5. Emergency Team Leader

Proceed to scene of incident.

Communicate by using radio.

Emergency Team Leader or his designee will announce thecategory of the incident if it is 1 or higher.

Appoint himself as Incident Controller.

Inform other team leaders and Plant Manager.

Guide Fire Chief for positioning Emergency Services / FireFighting.

Nominate a person for head count.

Coordinate Emergency response team.

Help in Search and Rescue.

Do identification of casualties.


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When Incident scene is in secure position, announceEMERGENCY OVER or “ALL CLEAR”.

Plant if previously shutdown due to emergency shall be startedas per standard procedure recommended by OEM.

Assist with investigation.

6. Plant Manager

Proceed to emergency control center (CCR or nominated controlcenter).

Communicate by using radio.

Declare himself as Emergency Main Controller.

Alert mutual aid partners.

Check call out response.

Support the on scene response.

Brief the security services.

Maintain regular contacts with all the team involved in controllingthe incident.

Liaise with local authorities.

After examining the emergency, he will declare the shift peopleevacuation.

When incident is secure, announce “ALL CLEAR”.

Commence investigation of the incident.

7. Doctor

Respond to call out.

Carry out specified task and report to assembly area.

8. All Site Personnel (Except shift people)

Make safe exit and report to assembly area

Assist as required.

If required, after head count, will be evacuated to safe place.

Note: People before leaving will make sure their work area is insafe condition and equipment they were using is in safe position.


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9. All people are responsible for the contractor people working in theirarea to guide them to the assembly area.

Theperson receiving visitors to the site will be responsible forthe visitor’s health and safety.

10. All shift personnel will report in CCR for head count. They willremain on duty to continue operation of plant or shut down activitiesas required unless main emergency controller (Plant Manager) asksthem to evacuate.

11. All Contractors: Contractor workers will be made aware ofEmergency Response Plan prior to commencing the work. Prior toleave the site they will ensure that their work area is in safeposition. On emergency call they will report in assembly area.

12. Roll Call at Assembly: To ensure that all personnel are accountedfor and searches mounted for any missing persons, a head countafter any evacuation, must be carried out.

13. Responsibility of Plant Security System:

Security Team Leader shall pass necessary information toSecurity Supervisor.

Security Supervisor or his designee will collect the plant entrysheets in case of emergency and submit at assembly area.

Small gate near admin building can be opened in case ofemergency. For this purpose key should be kept on reception.

Security Guards should not block the people, in case ofemergency exit fromthe plant.

Security Guards should not block the entrance of fire tenderand/or ambulance and its crew and the persons permitted by theIncident Controller having RED BADGE.

Information should be given to security gates about theemergency situation and ALL Clear announcement.

Security Guards should not leave the gate without thepermission of Security Team Leader or his designee.


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14. Annual Drill: An annual drill will be conducted to test theemergency program and its record will be kept with EmergencyResponse Team for at least one year.

8.2.1 Evacuation of Persons with Disabilities

After an evacuation call the disable people must be evacuated immediatelyand plant ERT team is responsible for whole coordination.The followingguidelines should be considered when assisting people with disabilitiesduring an evacuation. ERT team must be familiar with following guidelines;

FIRST, communicate the nature of the emergency to the person.

SECOND, ask the person how he would like to be assisted.

THIRD, evacuate mobility aids with the person, if possible (i.e.,crutches, wheelchairs).

VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS: Describe the nature of the emergency andoffer to guide him to the nearest emergency exit. Have the persontake your elbow and escort him, advising of any obstacles such asstairs, narrow passageways or overhanging objects. When you havereached safety, orient the person to where he is and ask if furtherassistance is needed.

HEARING IMPAIRMENTS: Some buildings are not equipped withflashing light alarms, and persons with impaired hearing may notperceive that an emergency exists. Communicate with the person bywriting a note or through simple hand gestures.

PERSONS USING WHEELCHAIRS: Ask the person what method ofassistance he prefers. Some people have minimal ability to move,and lifting them may be dangerous. Some people who usewheelchairs have respiratory complications and should beimmediately escorted out of buildings that contain irritating smoke orfumes. If the person wants to be moved in his wheelchair, keep thefollowing considerations in mind:

1. Ask if he wants to move forward or backward down stairs.

2. Wheelchairs have many movable or weak parts so while movingthe wheel chairs, a proper care must be taken. Some peoplehave no upper trunk or neck strength.

3. For a person using wheelchair may be moved throughAmbulance in emergency or in case of plant evacuation.


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8.2.2 Evacuation in Case of Adverse Weather Condition

A. In the event of an adverse weather emergency or flood emergencyon plant, the plant manager or CEO, or their designee, will initiatethe appropriate announcements concerning the emergency floodwarning or hurricane warning and the instructions for preparationand/or evacuation when and if necessary.

B. In the event of a major weather emergency or disaster, the Safetyteam leader will coordinate with the local or state authorities andplant people.

C. Any personnel who discovers an emergency weather condition orproblems like flood due to severe weather or facilities damage,should follow these procedures:

1. Stay out of the area. Do not enter until electrical power has beenturned off.

2. There is an extreme danger of electrical shock if the water hascontacted any electrical devices. Post people at all entrances tothe flooded area to prevent entry by unauthorized personnel.

3. ERT team personnel will be responsible for pumping water out ofthe area.

4. Identify a temporary shelter to house water-soaked materials.

8.2.3 Fire Response Program

a. Purpose:

To provide for safety against potential fires and minimize the risks ofdamage or injury to personnel or equipment in the event of a fire atproject facility.

b. Classifications of Fire:

FIRE CLASSIFICATION

FireClassification

Description

A

Solid combustible materials that are not metals like, Paper,wood, cloth, etc. where quenching by water or insulating bydry chemical is effective. (Class-A fires generally leave anAsh)


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B

Any non-metal in a liquid state, on fire. This classification alsoincludes flammable gases like, gasoline, oil, grease , acetoneetc (Class-B fires generally involve materials that Boil orBubble)

CLive electrical equipment where the non-conductivity ofextinguish ant is vital.

DMaterial used in laboratories like, potassium, sodium,aluminum, magnesium. It takes special extinguishing agents(Metal-X, foam) to fight such a fire.

c. Responsibilities

The responsibilities of observer or First on Scene, CRE, ERT, FireChief, Emergency Team Leader, Plant Manager, Doctor. Theresponsibilities of other areas are as follows,

1. Observer or First on Scene

See section 8.1(a) for Observer or First on Scene responsibilities.Other responsibilities are,

In case of Minor Fire:

Minor fire is one that can be extinguished with portableextinguisher.

Inform CCR.

Extinguish the fire by using suitable extinguisher.

In-case of Major Fire:

Major fire is one that cannot be extinguished with portableextinguishers alone.

Inform CCR.

Check Automatic fire system operated or not, if not operate it.

2. On Duty BOP Engineer

In case of fire he must arrange make up water for filteredwater basin.

Check the fire pumps performance.


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3. In case of HFO or HSD Tanks Fire

Foam Area Alarm will receive in CCR.

CRE will inform Area Engineer, Area Engineer will confirm theHeat detection Alarm for Fuel Tank and Smoke physically.Then intimate to CRE about Fire. With the consent of CRE,Area Engineer will pull the Pull Station either inside the foamshed fire panel or from near the tank. Area Engineer will thenconfirm the water/Foam flow towards the effected Fuel Tank.

Start water sprinkling through ground monitor, fire tender orfrom fire hoses, if required.

Note: Each fire breakout must be reported as per Incident /Accident Reporting Procedure before the end of shift.

4. HVAC:

Operation of the fire alarm in the buildings having HVAC systemautomatically shuts down the HVAC and ventilation fans, in orderto clear the smoke when the main fire outbreak is extinguished,the ventilation fans may be started. The switches of these fansMUST NOT ARE OPERATED except on the instructions of theIncident Controller or CRE.

Fire in Community:

Following sequence of events will be observed during anyemergency,

Inform CCR.

A small fire can be extinguished with the dry chemical Fireextinguisher available in houses.

Fire response team will handle the situation with Fire tender ifrequired.

Fire tender make up can be done from nearest Fire hydrants.

Orderly evacuation of the building.

Head count at designated assembly point.

Search and Rescue.

Identification of casualties.

Medical Care for injured.


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Security of building, prevent unauthorized entrance.

Note: The community fire water system has five (5) hydrantsstrategically located. These hydrants have approximately 30-PSIwater pressure.

8.3 FIRE / EMERGENCY SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING ANDMAINTENANCE PLAN

a. Purpose:

This document establishes the minimum requirements for the periodicinspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection systems

b. Scope:

The purpose of this document is to ensure healthiness and to providerequirements that ensure a reasonable degree of protection for life andproperty from fire through minimum inspection, testing, andmaintenance methods for fire protection systems.

c. Fire System Testing and Preventive Maintenance Plan:

Item Activity Responsible Frequency

Sprinklers 1. Inspection for

corrosion, paint,

physical damage

2. Replace faulty one.

Maintenance Annually

1. Nozzle discharge

pattern and direction.

2. Automatic & Manual

system test.

3. Record the response

Time.

ERT,

OperationAnnually

Alarm Devices Inspection for physical

damage and calibration.I&E Annually

1. Testing the water flow

alarms

2. Pressure switches

I&E, ERT,

OperationQuarterly


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signals

Gauges

1. Calibration

I&E

5 yearly or

when

required

Strainers,

FiltersInspection & Cleaning Maintenance Annually

Monitor

Nozzles

Lubrication Maintenance Annually

TestERT,

OperationMonthly

Fire Hoses TestERT,

OperationMonthly

HydrantsTest

ERT,

OperationAnnually

Lubrication Maintenance Annually

Fire Pump Auto Cut In Test for 30

minutes.Operation Weekly

Preventive Maintenance Maintenance

Foam System 1. Foam Sample

2. Foam Concentration

Testing

3. System Testing

4. Manual Actuation

devices Test

ERT,

Operation

Annually

Annually

Quarterly

Annually

Deluge Valves

Full Flow TestERT,

Operation

Annually but

not exceed

from 3 years.


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Preventive Maintenance Maintenance Annually

Foam

Chambers at

Fuel oil Tanks

Cleaning Maintenance Annually

ValvesLubrication of outside

screw and Yoke.Maintenance Annually

Check Valves Internal Inspection Maintenance 5 yearly

Heat & Smoke

detectorsPreventive Maintenance I&E Annually

Cl2 leak

detectorsPM and Testing I&E Annually

CO2 cylinders

for CCRWeight & Inspection

ERT,

Operations

Annually

Fire

Protection

System Log

Readings as per standard

sheet (attached)Operation Quarterly

Pull Stations Preventive Maintenance I&E Annually

d. Fire / Emergency System Audits and Follow up:


Fire

Extinguishers

Inspection & Follow up Safety CommitteeMonthly

Fire Cabinets Inspection & Follow up Safety Committee Monthly

Emergency Inspection Safety Committee Monthly


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Shower/ Eye

wash

Exit Light Inspection Safety Committee Monthly

SCBA Inspection & Follow up ERT Monthly

Plant Paging

System

Audit, Inspection &

Follow up.ERT Monthly

Fire Alarm

Panels

Audit and Follow up for

any standing AlarmERT Monthly

Fire Tender Check List & Maintaining ERT Weekly

Fire House Stock

for Fire

Extinguishers

and SCBA

Check List and

MaintainingERT

Monthly or

when

required.

Exit Light Audit Inspection Safety Committee Monthly

Cl2 Cylinder

Repair kitInspection ERT Monthly

8.4 CHEMICAL SPILL / RELEASE RESPONSE PROGRAM

a) Purpose:

Although every effort is made at site to prevent spills of potentiallyhazardous chemicals or fuels in the workplace, accidents resultingfrom the release of chemicals can occur. This procedure is providedto mitigate the effects of spills of potentially hazardous chemicals inworkplace.

b) Minor Spill:

A spill of solid or liquid materials which involves the release of atype or quantity of a chemical which does not pose an immediate


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risk to health and does not involve chemical contamination to thebody

c) Major Spill / Release:

A spill of solid or liquid materials which involves:

Release of a type or quantity of a chemical that poses an immediaterisk to health

An uncontrolled fire or explosion

d) Major Spill Release:

Heavy Chlorine Leak

A major Oil leak where there is a contamination of the drains oroutbreak of fire or explosion.

A Hazardous Chemical Leak that is thought to be a hazard topersonnel.

e) Response Program:

1. In case of Minor Oil Leakage or Hazardous Material:

Inform CCR.

Locate the source of the spill, and stop the spill.

Close secondary containment drain valve.

Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electricalequipment.

Establish exhaust ventilation. Vent vapours to outside ofbuilding.

Choose appropriate PPE (goggles, face shields, gloves,clothing, etc).

Make arrangement to collect or dispose off the spilledhazardous substance safely and properly as per procedurecontained in section-16 “Hazardous Substances HandlingProcedure”.

In case of Major Fire, follow “Fire Response Program” along with“ Emergency Evacuation Plan”

2. In case of Major Oil Leakage or Hazardous Material:

Inform CCR


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CRE will inform to other plant people and worker in shift

Isolate the area

Close secondary containment drain valve

Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electricalequipment

Establish Exhaust vapour source, if possible

Choose appropriate PPE

Make arrangement to collect or dispose off the spilledhazardous substance safely and properly as per procedurecontained in section-16 “Hazardous Substances HandlingProcedure”.

3. Spills involving Injured People:

If a spill involves personal injury, follow the procedures appropriateto the type of spill above and, concurrently;

Move the victim from the immediate area of the spill (if this canbe done without further injury to the victim or emergencyresponse people).

Locate the nearest emergency eyewash or safety shower.

Remove any contaminated clothing from the victim and flush allareas of the body contacted by chemicals with high volumes ofwater for at least 15 minutes.

4. In case of Chlorine Gas release

A leak on a Chlorine cylinder would require a kit designed for thispurpose. The team will have to be trained in its use and practiceoccasionally to be proficient with this equipment. If the cylinder has aliquid leak the leak can be rolled up to minimize the cloud escaping.Depending on wind conditions, a shelter in place may have to becalled for the community until the cylinder has depressurised.

The team should wear the SPPE if an attempt is made to apply thecylinder kit. If the decision to lessen the cloud with water fog sprays,the spray must be put on the gas cloud, NOT on the cylinder ordirectly on the leak.

Following sequence of event will be observed during anyemergency,


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Inform CCR.

CRE will inform to Emergency Response Team, other plantpeople and LalPir people in shift.

In case of leakage in Chlorine cylinder room, open fire watersprinklers.

Fire response team will fix the problem by using Cl2 leak fixingkit available in Cl2 rooms of both units.

Incident Controller will announce if evacuation is required.(Follow Emergency Evacuation Plan)


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9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The project embarks upon the installation of 60 MW (Gross) cogenerationBagasse based power project. On the basis of this EIA Report it isconcluded that:

1- There are no sensitive elements/segments of environment around theproject site.

2- The project has inbuilt efficient, state of the art and reliablemechanisms to control all type of pollutants like PM, gaseousemissions and noise in compliance levels well within the SEQS limitsof the Pakistan.

3- The project shall not increase the load on the ground water table asthe existing water resources will be utilized for the new project activity.

4- EMP and EMtP as recommended in this EIA Report are to be put inplace during the entire operation of the project.

5- Quarterly monitoring of all out environmental pollution sources by athird party also certifies that the project will run in accordance withlegal requirements.

6- The regular environmental monitoring for the existing plant ensuresthe environmental soundness of the project.

7- The use of bagasse as main fuel for the operation of the power plantwill displace fossil-fuel based electricity generation.

8- EMP and EMtP, as recommended in this EIA Report, are to beimplemented during construction and operation phases. This willmanage all type of pollutants.

9- The proposed power plant will improve the economic status of theregion and also contribute significantly to the overall economic growthof the country, when due to acute shortage of electric power longdrawn out load shedding are salient feature across the entire country.This state of affairs is resulting in huge economic loss to the nationalexchequer in the form of taxes and duties and drastic decrease inIndustrial Productivity resulting in cut of the foreign exchangeearnings, joblessness especially among the workers and relatedsocio-economic issues.

Under the light of detailed discussions in EIA Study about likely impacts ofthe proposed project intervention, it can be safely concluded that the


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proposed Project would not cause any significant adverse impacts forwhich detailed EIA is required. On the basis of the facts summarized asabove, the project merits for issuing No Objection Certificate/EnvironmentalApproval by the Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Sindh.


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REFERENCES

Listed below are some of the documents, reports and other referencesconsulted during the preparation of this report:

a. Information and data provided by project proponents;

b. Project Pre-feasibility Study Report;

c. Technical Design Data related to the project.

d. Information gathered through discussions with the project related personsof the project proponent;

e. Discussion with concerned government officials;

f. Information collected from the Technical documents of various suppliers ofmachinery/equipment.

g. Guidelines for Self- Monitoring and Reporting by the Industry (SMART),”Final Report, March 1998, approved by Pakistan Environmental ProtectionCouncil (PEPC), August 1999;

h. National Environment Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid IndustrialEffluents, Statutory Notification (S.R.O.), Government of Pakistan, Ministryof Environment, Local Government and Rural Development, S.R.O.549(1)/2000, Islamabad, the 8th August 2000;

i. National Environment Quality Standards for Ambient Air November 2010;

j. National Environment Quality Standards Noise Levels November 2010;

k. National Environment Quality Standards for Drinking Water November2010:

l. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997;

m. The Sindh Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act 2014 coversaspects related to:

the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of theenvironment and the prevention, control of pollution and promotion ofsustainable development;

establishing complete regulatory and monitoring bodies, policies, rules,regulations and national environmental quality standards; and

a. Land Use Policies and Environmental Legal Framework including;

b. Environment related Laws in Pakistan and the Province of Sindh;


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c. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Environment and UrbanAffairs’ Division (presently- Ministry of Environment, Urban Affairs and WildLife), Government of Pakistan, Islamabad;

d. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th

Edition, 1995, Prepared and published jointly by: American Public HealthAssociation, American Water Works Association, Water EnvironmentFederation; Publication office: American Public Health Association, 1015Fifteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 2005;

e. Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Policyand Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of EnvironmentalAssessment, 2000;

f. The Canal and Drainage Act, 1873;

g. Environmental Assessment Requirements and Environmental ReviewProcedures of the Asian Development Bank, 1993;

h. Google Earth, Maps.

i. Guidelines for Public Consultations - These guidelines cover:

Consultation, involvement and participation of Stakeholders

Techniques for public consultation (principles, levels of involvements,tools, building trust)

Effective public consultation (planning, stages of EIA whereconsultation is appropriate)

Consensus building and dispute resolution.

j. Factories Act, 1934;

k. Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety and HealthLaws and Regulations;

l. Applicable International Environmental and Occupational Safety and HealthLaws and Regulations;

m. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, The World Bank, 1998;

n. International Finance Corporation’s Policy on Energy and SocialSustainability, January 1, 2012;

o. National Resettlement Policy (Draft), Government of Pakistan, March 2002.


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TERM OF REFERENCES

1. The Consultant is required to carry out an Environment Assessment Study of

the Project as required under section 17 of Sindh Environmental Protection

Act 2014.

2. The Study should be comprehensive and should cover all aspects which are

envisaged under the relevant national and provincials laws & regulations

including but not limited to:

Identification and recommendation for suitable solution/treatment/mitigation

measures of emissions and effluents such as waste water and sludge etc in

accordance with Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS).

Identification and recommendation for suitable solution/treatment/mitigation

measures of solvents, oils (tar), hazardous waste, organic compounds, steam,

flue gases, particulate matter and chemical compounds harmful for the

environment and other substances leading to air, noise, water and soil

pollution in accordance with NEQS/SEQS.

3. The Study should be acceptable to the relevant national and/or provincial

authorities (relevant authorities) in Sindh.


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GLOSSARY

Air Quality Measurement of the pollutants in the air; a description of

healthiness and safety of the atmosphere.

Compensation Includes cash payment, deferred payment, a bond, an

insurance policy, stipend, payment in kind, rendition of services,

grant of privileges and disturbance money, entitlement to

special treatment by government and semi government entities,

grant of alternative land, grant of import licenses and business,

trade and commercial facilities in addition to the rehabilitation

and resettlement of an affected person.

Consultation Consultation refers to two-way transfer of information or joint

discussion between project staff and the affected population.

Systematic consultation implies a sustained and rigorous

sharing of ideas. Bank experience shows that consultation often

yields the best resettlement alternatives, fruitful procedures for

continued participation, and independent information on actual

conditions for implementation.

CoordinatesContaminate

Each of a group of numbers used to indicate the position of a

point, line, or plane to make impure, pollute

Disclosure The action of making new or secret information known

Environmental

Management

Attempt to control human impact on and interaction with the

environment in order to preserve natural resources

Evaluation The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value

of something; assessment.

Geology A science that studies rocks, layers of soil, etc., in order to learn

about the history of the Earth and its life

Ground Water Aquifers currently being used as a source of drinking water or

those capable of supplying a public water system. They have a


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total dissolved solid content of 10,000 milligrams per liter or

less, and are not "exempted aquifers."

Hazardous Substance or material, which could adversely affect the safety

of the public, handlers or carriers during transportation

Household People residing under one roof, using the same hearth and

operating as a single economic unit.

Impact Effect on someone or something

LandAcquisition

The process whereby a person is compelled by a public agency

to cede all or part of the land a person owns or possesses, to

the ownership and possession of that agency, for public

purpose in return for compensation.

Mitigation The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness

of something

OccupationalHealth

Maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and

social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing

departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of

work to people, and people to their jobs

Project Area The area specified by the funding and/or implementing agency

according to the Official Gazette Notification and includes the

areas within the administrative limits of the Federal or a

Provincial Government.

Proponent A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action.

Rehabilitation Include all compensatory measures to re-establish; at least lost

incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems. It does not

include the payment of compensation for required assets.

Resettlement Means all measures taken to mitigate any and all adverse

impacts, resulting due to execution of a project on the livelihood

of the project affected persons, their property, and includes


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compensation, relocation and rehabilitation.

Social

Environment

It includes the culture that the individual was educated or lives

in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact.

Scope The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals

with or to which it is relevant

Stakeholders Include affected persons and communities, proponents, private

and public businesses, NGOs, host communities and EPA.

Topography Details of the surface features of land. It includes the

mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a

particular hunk of earth.

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