Quaternary Environments Pollen Analysis. Pollen Analysis Millions of tons of organic material is...
-
Upload
willis-mathews -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Quaternary Environments Pollen Analysis. Pollen Analysis Millions of tons of organic material is...
Quaternary EnvironmentsQuaternary EnvironmentsPollen AnalysisPollen Analysis
Pollen AnalysisPollen Analysis
Millions of tons of organic material is dispersed Millions of tons of organic material is dispersed into the atmosphere by flowering plants and into the atmosphere by flowering plants and cryptogams every yearcryptogams every year
Sedimentation rate is important for fine Sedimentation rate is important for fine resolutionresolution
Basis of Pollen AnalysisBasis of Pollen Analysis
Distinct morphology of pollen grainsDistinct morphology of pollen grains Produced in vast quantities by wind-pollinated Produced in vast quantities by wind-pollinated
plantsplants Extremely resistant to decayExtremely resistant to decay Reflect natural vegetation Reflect natural vegetation
PollenPollen
10 – 150 microns10 – 150 microns Exine – Chemically resistant outer layerExine – Chemically resistant outer layer MorphologyMorphology
ShapeShape SizeSize SculpturingSculpturing Number of aperturesNumber of apertures
TreatmentTreatment
Hydrochloric AcidHydrochloric Acid Sulfuric AcidSulfuric Acid Hydrofluoric AcidHydrofluoric Acid Acetic AnhydrideAcetic Anhydride Pollen SolutionPollen Solution Lycopodium ControlLycopodium Control
Pollen Prep and Pollen Prep and Microscope WorkMicroscope Work
Pollen MorphologyPollen Morphology
CatchmentCatchment
Preservation sitesPreservation sites LakesLakes BogsBogs EstuariesEstuaries Alluvial depositsAlluvial deposits Marine sedimentsMarine sediments Glacial iceGlacial ice Archaeological sitesArchaeological sites Packrat middensPackrat middens CoprolitesCoprolites
ScaleScale
Basin size determines catchment areaBasin size determines catchment area Based on dispersal distanceBased on dispersal distance Based on pollen productivityBased on pollen productivity Different spatial and temporal scales of pollen Different spatial and temporal scales of pollen
change are driven by different processeschange are driven by different processes
Lake CoringLake Coring
Sediment CoreSediment Core
Other Factors that Affect Pollen Other Factors that Affect Pollen DispersalDispersal
FireFire Insect infestationInsect infestation Plant successional changesPlant successional changes Season of pollination Season of pollination Interference by humansInterference by humans
Under and Over Represented Under and Over Represented Pollen TypesPollen Types
Dispersal ModelDispersal Model
ProblemsProblems
Differential productionDifferential production Wind versus insect or animal pollinatedWind versus insect or animal pollinated
Differential preservationDifferential preservation Populus pollen disintegrates easilyPopulus pollen disintegrates easily
Number of pollen grains to countNumber of pollen grains to count Greater than 200Greater than 200
BioturbationBioturbation
Biostratigraphic ZonesBiostratigraphic Zones
Biostratigraphic ZoneBiostratigraphic Zone: ": "A biostratigraphic zone is defined solely by the fossils it contains, without reference to lithology, inferred environment, or concepts of time." Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature. Bull.Amer.Assoc.Petrol.Geol. 45(5):645-665.
Vegetation versus Modern Pollen Vegetation versus Modern Pollen
Hickory Oak
Elm Ash
CallibrationCallibration
Compare pollen assemblages to known Compare pollen assemblages to known temperature and precipitationtemperature and precipitation
Develop transfer functions to reconstruct Develop transfer functions to reconstruct past climatepast climate
Pollen DiagramPollen Diagram
Pollen Diagram from Carp Lake, Pollen Diagram from Carp Lake, OregonOregon
Temporal Reconstruction of Temporal Reconstruction of Temperature and PrecipitationTemperature and Precipitation
Spatial Reconstruction of VegetationSpatial Reconstruction of Vegetation
Isochrones of Vegetation MigrationIsochrones of Vegetation Migration
Altitudinal Changes in vegetation zones Altitudinal Changes in vegetation zones in the Eastern Cordillera of Columbiain the Eastern Cordillera of Columbia