Progressivism and the WWI Home Front I. Early Protest II. Theodore Roosevelt III. Roosevelt, Taft...
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Progressivism and the WWI Home Front I. Early Protest II. Theodore Roosevelt III. Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson IV.World War One Home Front V. Civil Liberties
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Transcript of Progressivism and the WWI Home Front I. Early Protest II. Theodore Roosevelt III. Roosevelt, Taft...
Progressivism and the WWI Home Front
I. Early ProtestII. Theodore Roosevelt III. Roosevelt, Taft and WilsonIV.World War One Home FrontV. Civil Liberties
I. Early Protest
76,000,000
106,000,000
0
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
Population
1900
1920
450
567
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Per Capita Annual Income
19001920
Percentage of Wealth Owned by Richest 2% of the Population
Richest 2%Rest of Population
J. P. Morgan’s 1600 ton steam yacht
Average Work Week for Laborer:
52 Hours
Child Working in the Coal Mines
American Children in
1910• Only 1/3 enrolled in
primary schools completed their courses.
• Less than 1/10 finished high school
Eugene V. Debs “Too long have the workers of the world waited for some Moses to lead them out of bondage. I would not lead you out if I could; for if you could be led out, you could be led back again. I would have you make up your minds there is nothing that you cannot do for yourselves.”
1912
Theodore Dreiser
“Our civilization is still in a middle stage, scarcely beast, in that it is no longer wholly guided by instinct; scarcely human, in that it is not yet wholly guided by reason.”
Henry Demarest Lloyd, Author of Wealth Against Commonwealth (1896)
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
“Other men . . . worked in tank-rooms full of steam, . . . in which there were open vats upon the level of the floor, their particular trouble was that they fell into the vats . . . . Sometimes they would be overlooked for days, til all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Anderson’s Pure Beef Lard!”
Jane Addams
II. Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
“The absolute vital question, was whether the government had power to control” the trusts.
Popular Pressure to continue Trust Busting, 1905
Hepburn Act, 1906
Origins of Food and Drug Administration
Theodore Roosevelt expanded the National Park System by 125 million acres.
1902 Cartoon
No harm came from the concentration of power in one man’s hands,
“provided the holder does not keep it for more than a certain, definite time, and then returns it to the people from which it sprang.”
- Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt Engineered Taft’s Nomination in 1908
III. Roosevelt, Taft & Wilson
Split in the Republican Party, 1910
The New Nationalism
• Women’s suffrage
• Popular election of United States Senators
• Conservation of natural resources
• Restriction of child labor
• Worker’s compensation
• A Federal income tax
• An inheritance tax
Woodrow Wilson
The New Freedom
“Free men need no Guardians”
Election of 1912
Trusts Using the Mallet of the Tariff to Drive Up Profits at the Expense of the Consumer
Anti-Trust Cartoon
This Sentiment led to the Creation of the Federal Trade Commission
IV. World War One Home Front
Woodrow Wilson on War
“It is not an army that we must shape and train for war, it is a nation.”
Training Doughboys for World War One
One of the Commission on Training Camp Activities “Sin Free” Zones
Rise in Federal Budget
02,000,000,0004,000,000,0006,000,000,0008,000,000,000
10,000,000,00012,000,000,00014,000,000,00016,000,000,00018,000,000,00020,000,000,000
Federal Budget
1914
1919
2/3 of the money came from bonds
Revenue Act of 1916• Raised taxes on high incomes and
corporate profits.
• Estate tax.
War Revenue Act of 1917
• Provided a steeply graduated personal income tax.
• Created a corporate income tax.
• Placed excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and luxury goods .
War Industries Board (1917)
V. Civil Liberties
Early Poster Printed by the Committee on Public Information during World War One
Movie Titles from the Committee on Public Information
• The Kaiser
• The Beast of Berlin
• To Hell with the Kaiser
Another Poster from the Committee on Public Information. Propaganda helped to sell war bonds, combat absenteeism in factories, and reconcile some doubters of the war effort, but only at a price.
For Instance---
The Loyalty of German-Americans was Suspected• Americans stopped speaking German.
• Sixteen states banned the teaching of German.
• American Germans Anglicized their last names.
Symphonies refused to play Bach or Beethoven
In Cincinnati pretzels were removed from lunch counters.
Sauerkraut became “liberty cabbage.”
Dachshunds became “liberty pups.”
Espionage Act of 1917
• Made it illegal to help the enemy, obstruct recruiting, or incite rebellion within the armed services.
• Allowed the Postmaster to deny use of the mail to any publication that in his opinion advocated forcible resistance to the laws
• Penalties were up to 20 years in jail and $10,000 fine.
The Sabotage and Sedition Acts
Empowered the Federal government to punish any expression of opinion that, regardless of whether or not it led to action, was “disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive” of the American form of government, flag, or uniform.
Over 1500 People were Arrested
Many others
were persecuted in different ways
The Women's Peace Party was denied the use of the mails
The government put Jane Addams under observation
“The Spirit of ’76”
The government sued the producer of a film about the American Revolution titled “The Spirit of '76,” because it questioned “the good faith of our ally, Great Britain.”
The official name of the case was
“The United States v. ‘The Spirit of ‘76.‘”
The producer
received a ten year prison sentence.
