1. 1. KAS3501 Occupational Safety and Health Act Bachelor of Technology (Environment) Semester 2 2014/2015 Date of Presentation: 29-4-2015 Group 12 Accident Prevention Method NADIA HUDA BINTI CHE AWANG UK29552 LOKE MIN HUI UK29499 NUR MIMI NAZIRA BINTI MOHD NAZRI UK29540 NURUL ATIQAH BINTI FAKHRARRAZI UK29541 AMALINA BINTI ALIAS UK29542
2. 2. ACCIDENT PREVENTION Colvin identified a rule of thumb, accident ratio which is explained as 300-30-1 = 331 that says for every 331 times a safety rule is violated, 300 times nothing will happen, 30 times a close call or minor incident will occur, and 1 time an accident or injury will occur. Implication of rule of thumb : management must take seriously and react to correct or abate identified hazards.
3. 3. Importance of Accident Prevention Fewer accidents less sick leave lower costs and less disruption to the production process. Saves employers the expense of recruiting and training new staff. Cut the cost of early retirement and insurance pay-outs. As well as the cost in terms of lost lives and suffering to workers and their families, accidents affect business and society as a whole.
4. 4. Paths of Accident Prevention I. Eliminate the hazard or danger so that injury or damage is no longer possible. II. Provide for separation between the worker (or equipment) and the hazard. The danger remains, but an injury (or damage) is not possible since we make sure that the natural zones of influence of workers (equipment) and object (hazard or danger) do not intersect.
5. 5. III. Provide shielding, such as fireproofing, protective clothing and respirators to minimize the hazard. The hazard still exists, but the possibility of an injury or damage is reduced by minimizing the chances of the hazard having an effect by shielding the danger. IV. Adapt to the hazard by providing measures such as warning systems, monitoring equipment, information about dangers, motivation for safe behaviour, training and education.
6. 6. Role of Employer 1. CARRYING OUT A RISK ASSESSMENT a. Identifying hazards and those at risk Looking for those things at work that have the potential to cause harm, and identifying workers who may be exposed to the hazards. b. Evaluating and prioritising risks Estimating the existing risks (their severity, their probability) and prioritising them in order of importance. It is essential that the work to be done to eliminate or prevent risks is prioritised.
7. 7. c. Deciding on preventive action Identifying the appropriate measures to eliminate or control the risks. d. Taking action Putting in place the preventive and protective measures through a prioritisation plan and specifying who does what and when, when a task is to be completed and the means allocated to implement the measures. e. Monitoring and reviewing The assessment should be reviewed at regular intervals to ensure it remains up to date. It has to be revised whenever significant changes occur in the organisation or as a result of the findings of an accident or near miss investigation.
8. 8. 2.) EFFECTIVE PREVENTION Good Housekeeping keep the working environment clean and tidy, with floors and access routes kept clear of obstacles. Remove rubbish regularly so it does not build up. Cleaning and maintenance rubbish should be removed regularly and work areas kept clear. Cleaning methods and equipment must be suitable for the surface being treated.
9. 9. Lighting ensure good lighting levels, positioning lights to ensure all floor areas are evenly lit and all potential hazards, obstructions and spills can be clearly seen. Spillages clean up spills immediately using an appropriate cleaning Method. Use warning signs where the floor is wet and arrange alternative routes.
10. 10. Stairways handrails, slip-resistant covers to steps, high visibility and non-slip marking of the front edges of steps and good lighting can all help to prevent slips and trips on stairs. Footwear workers need suitable footwear. Take account of the type of job, floor surface, typical floor conditions and the slip-resistant properties of the soles.
11. 11. 3.) ACCIDENT PREVENTION CHECKLIST As a general guideline prepared by employers to assess accident prevention plan.
12. 12. Elements included in checklist Have clear procedures and responsibilities for health and safety been set and make sure everyone know their own and others responsibilities. Appointed a competent person who can provide advice regarding the safety and health legislation. Identified the main risks to health and safety and taken action to eliminate or reduce them.
13. 13. Arrange the maintenance of work equipment adequately. Provided workers with any necessary personal protective equipment for risks that cannot be avoided by other means. Provide information to the workers on the risks, and trained them in safe working and emergency procedures.
14. 14. 4.) Consultation, information and training Employers have to consult their workforce on health and safety measures. Consultation helps to ensure that workers are committed to safety and health procedures and improvements. Workers have a right to receive information about the risks to health and safety, preventive measures, first aid and emergency procedures.
15. 15. 5.) Employing workers who may be at increased risk Workers with disabilities Disabled workers should receive equal treatment at work. Health and safety issues should not be used as an excuse for not recruiting or not continuing to employ disabled people. Risk assessment and accident prevention measures should take account of individual workers differences. Separate risk assessment and training may be necessary for disabled workers. Risk assessment and accident prevention measures should take account of individual workers differences. Separate risk assessment and training may be necessary
16. 16. Accident prevention measures for persons with disabilities may also help to reduce accidents to all workers good lighting in the workplace safe workplace access and exit well-maintained pedestrian and traffic routes in the workplace clear communication and good signing of hazards and risks in the workplace.
17. 17. Young workers Young workers have lower overall fatal accident rates, but rates can be high in some sectors. Agriculture has the highest incidence, followed by construction, transport and communication and manufacturing. Construction is the sector with the highest number of young worker fatalities. Fatalities in retail are also increasing, accounting for a high proportion of fatalities among women in this sector.
18. 18. Older workers Studies indicate that although older workers have fewer accidents, their injuries are often more severe and take longer to heal. Older workers may find it harder to see or adjust focus in certain distance ranges, have reduced peripheral vision, see things less clearly, find it harder to perceive depth or be more sensitive to glare. They are also more likely to have other conditions that impair vision such as cataracts and retinal disorders.
19. 19. Migrant workers The term migrant workers covers a wide range of people with different reasons for migration and varying skills levels. Not all migrant workers are at risk, but there are three pressing occupational safety and health issues: - high employment in high risk sectors - language and cultural barriers to communication and safety and health training - migrant workers often work a lot of overtime and/or are in poor health and thus are more prone to occupational
20. 20. Maintenance workers Many accidents, such as slips, trips and falls, happen because of a lack of maintenance or as a result of poor quality maintenance: - multiple subcontracting of maintenance work makes OSH management and sharing risk management knowledge difficult - carrying out maintenance under heavy time pressures can lead to accidents.
21. 21. -HAZARD AND RISKS EMPLOYEES FACE -INFORMATION AND TRAINING -KEY FACTS PREVENTING WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS (ROLE OF EMPLOYEE)
22. 22. HAZARDS AND RISKS EMPLOYESS FACE The type of hazard, the degree of risk it poses and the severity of harm that may results vary from workplace to workplace and sector to sector. Slips, trips and falls are the largest cause of accidents in all sectors from heavy manufacturing through to office work.
23. 23. Employees are also risk from : Lack of information, instruction, training, supervision and education Falling objects Thermal and chemical burns Fires and explosions Dangerou s substanc es Asphyxiati on Stress
24. 24. Key Facts Every year hundreds of thousands of employees are injured at work Men have more accidents than women Young workers have a much higher accident rate than other age groups; older workers have more fatal accidents Accident rates are higher in some sectors, including agriculture and construction
25. 25. Accidents occurring at night tend to be more fatal than ones occurring at other times. Wounds and superficial injuries are the most common type of injury Workers on shift work have a higher accident rate
26. 26. You should talk to your employer or workers representative if some of the following issues are evident in your workplace Inadequate mechanical safeguards to prevent contact with dangerous objects. Lack of maintenance of work equipment and vehicle Cut and splinters from blades, corners, sheet metal, tools and edges. Electrical hazards. Work equipment and plant Poor housekeeping order,, cleanliness and control poor visibility in areas where vehicle and lifting equipment such as mobile cranes are working The mixing of people and vehicles, particularly at entrances and exits to garages, warehouses and depots. workplace Uncontrolled movements of objects such as poorly secured barrels and other loads and containers in storage, transport, distribution or handling Workplace transport
27. 27. WORKERS MUST : Make correct use of machinery, apparatus, tools, dangerous substances and transport equipment Make correct use of the personal protective equipment supplied Not disconnect, change or remove arbitrarily safety devices fitted, for example : to machinery, apparatus, tools, plant and building; such safety devices correctly immediately inform the employer and/or the workers with specific responsibility for the safety and health of workers of any work situation they have reasonable grounds for considering represents a serious and immediate danger to safety and health and of any shortcomings in the protection arrangements.
28. 28. Information and Training Employees have a right to receive information about the risks to health and safety preventive measures first aid emergency procedures. Training should be relevant Understandable including for workers who speak a different language It should be provided for new workers existing workers.
29. 29. Health & Safety Training Why Employee Safety Training Statistics indicates that most accidents are caused by unsafe acts rather than unsafe conditions. Accident prevention focused only on eliminate unsafe conditions. Employee safety training is an answer to controlling unsafe acts.
30. 30. Who Needs Training New employee Need training to get off on the right foot Existing employee Who change jobs require training to perform the new jobs more efficiently and safely Supervisor Need training in safety management techniques Analyze jobs to identify unsafe Acts Conditions
31. 31. Training Should Be Focused On Principles of safety management and the employees responsibilities Specific hazards and risks at work The skills needed to carry out tasks Procedures that should be followed to avoid any risks Preventive measures to be taken before, during and after the tasks
32. 32. Specific safety and health instructions Information on collective and individual protection Where employees can get information on safety and health issues Person in charge about emerging risks or in case of emergency
33. 33. Example of Accident Prevention Method
34. 34. INJURY AND ILLNESS PREVENTION PROGRAM Proactive process to help employers find and fix workplace hazards before workers are hurt. Thirty-four states in U.S. and many nations around the world already require or encourage employers to implement such programs. Key elements: Management leadership Worker participation Hazard identification and assessment Hazard prevention and control Education and training Program evaluation and improvement.
35. 35. Management leadership and active worker participation are essential to ensuring that all hazards are identified and addressed. Workers need to be trained about how the program works. Program needs to be periodically evaluated to determine whether improvements need to be made.
36. 36. Advantage of injury and illness prevention program Workers suffer fewer injuries, illnesses and fatalities. Employers will improve their compliance with existing regulations. Experience many of the financial benefits of a safer and healthier workplace. Avoid the substantial cost impacts and business disruptions that accompany occupational injuries, illnesses and deaths.
37. 37. REFERENCE 1.) Accident Prevention. (2014). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Website: https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/accident_prevention/ind ex_html 2.) Accident Prevention Plan Program Guide. (n.d.). Texas:Texas Department of Insurance. 3.) All Publication items on Accident Prevention. (2014). Retrieved April 23, 2015, from European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Website: https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/accident_prevention/@ @oshtopic- view?tp=/directory/accident_prevention/Publication 4.) Labor, U. D. (2012). Injury and Illness Prevention Program. U.S.: OSHA Administration.
38. 38. Link of video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jLGkmOVtnI