Present and past tense German 2. Basic present tense.

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Present and past tense German 2

Transcript of Present and past tense German 2. Basic present tense.

Page 1: Present and past tense German 2. Basic present tense.

Present and past tense German 2

Page 2: Present and past tense German 2. Basic present tense.

Basic present tense

Subject +Verb

(with ending) + direct object

Ich spüle das Geschirr.

Ich mähe den Rasen.

Ich mache das Bett.

Page 3: Present and past tense German 2. Basic present tense.

Present tense with modal verbs

Subject + Modal verb (conjugated) + direct

object

Ich muss das Geschirr spülen. Ich soll den Rasen mähen.

Ich muss das Bett machen.

+ Action verb (infinitive – “en”

form)

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Past tense

Subject +helping verb (haben or

sein)+ direct

object

Ich habe das Geschirr gespült.

Ich habe den Rasen gemäht.

Ich habe das Bett gemacht.

+ Past participle

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Helping verb - haben

• ich habe (I have)•du hast (you have)• er/sie hat (he/she has)

•wir haben (we have)• ihr habt (you all have)• sie haben (they have)

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Creating a past participle – weak verbs

•1. Take the infinitive•2. Add a “ge-”to the beginning of the word•3. Remove the “-en” from the end of the word•4. add a “-t” to the end of the word

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Example 1 - decken

• Ich decke den Tisch. (I am setting the table)• Ich muss den Tisch decken. (I must set the

table)

• Infinitive – decken• Add a “ge” – gedecken• Remove the “en” – gedeck• Add a “t” – gedeckt

• Ich habe den Tisch gedeckt. (I set the table – past tense)

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Example 2 - machen

• Ich mache das Bett. (I make/am making the bed)• Ich muss das Bett machen. (I must make the

bed)

• Infinitive – machen• Add a “ge” – gemachen• Remove the “en” – gemach• Add a “t” – gemacht

• Ich habe das Bett gemacht. (I made the bed– past tense)

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Example 3 - putzen

• Ich putze den Boden. (I clean the floor)• Ich muss den Boden putzen. (I must clean the

floor)

• Infinitive – putzen• Add a “ge” – geputzen• Remove the “en” – geputz• Add a “t” – geputzt

• Ich habe den Boden geputzt. (I cleaned the floor– past tense)

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However, not all past participles follow this pattern. Strong verbs have their own past participles and must be memorized.

• Examples: • helfen geholfen• waschen gewaschen• aufräumen aufgeräumt• essen gegessen• trinken getrunken• Schwimmen geschwommen

• It’s just like English. You can’t add an –ed to every verb to make it past tense. Some are irregular.

• Drink, drank, drunk• Eat, ate, had eaten• Etc.

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Sometimes you will use sein as your helping verb in the past tense. You use sein when you are moving from one location to another or changing states of being.

•ich bin •du bist•er/sie ist

•wir sind•ihr seid•sie sind

Page 12: Present and past tense German 2. Basic present tense.

Examples of past tense sentences using sein as the helping verb.

• Ich bin in der Stadt gegangen. (I went to the city). • Ich bin geschwommen. (I went swimming).• Ich bin aufgestanden. (I woke up). • Ich bin eingeschlafen. (I fell asleep). • Ich bin nach Florida gefahren. (I drove to Florida).