Pipeline Current Mapper PCM+
description
Transcript of Pipeline Current Mapper PCM+
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Pipeline Current MapperPCM+
Radiodetection PCM
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The PCM can….
• Find contacts with other structures
• Evaluate Pipe Coating for defects
• Perform periodic Pipeline surveys
• Find defective Insulation joints
Radiodetection PCM
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What is different about PCM• High output power Transmitter
• Low Frequency signal
• Current Direction of applied signal
• Data logging of current measurements
• A Frame pinpointing of coating holidays
Radiodetection PCM
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Benefits of low frequency
Radiodetection PCM
testpoint
AC Tx
signalstrength(dBmA)
distance
DC
4Hz
1KHz
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Benefits of low frequency
Radiodetection PCM
1A (1KHz)
400mA
600m
A200mA
400m
A
1A (4Hz)
40mA
960m
A900mA
60m
Afault
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The Transmitter utilises..
• High output power (150W)
• Very low frequency
• This helps to…. increase range reduce coupling to other
services reduce field distortion
Radiodetection PCM
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The Transmitter
• Can be powered from… 110/240Vac The D.C output of a
rectifier (20 to 50vD.C) External Automotive
batteries (24v to 48V)
Radiodetection PCM
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PCM Receiver provides..• Pipe location and
depth
• Current measurement of survey current
• Stores up to 999 readings for download to a PC or PDA
Radiodetection PCM
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Transmitter connection• Typical rectifier
installation.
• Provides a perfect pipe connection point
• Anode provides perfect ground connection point
Radiodetection PCM
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Transmitter Connection
• Disconnect the rectifier output from both pipe and Anode
• Connect the PCM transmitter in place of the rectifier
Radiodetection PCM
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Setting the Transmitter
• Three output settings
4Hz and 98Hz
4Hz, 8Hz and 98Hz
4Hz, 8Hz and 512Hz
Radiodetection PCM
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Setting the Transmitter
• Set Current switch to desired current
• The PCM transmitter is a constant current source, this ensures stable survey readings.
Radiodetection PCM
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Taking current reading
• Ensure both PCM receiver is set to the same frequency as the Transmitter
• Pinpoint the pipe in the peak Mode
Radiodetection PCM
100%95%
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Taking Current Readings• Hold the Receiver
Steady on the ground, press and hold the PCM Key.
• Current is displayed after approximately 3 seconds
Radiodetection PCM
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PCM current v Line Drops
Radiodetection PCM
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34
56
78
910
LOCATION Nr
000001111
AMPS
LINEAR COMPARISONS
Data obtained during comparative tests on site
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Current Direction• This tells you in which direction the
Current is flowing – Aids fault analysis
Radiodetection PCM
Transmitter
short
target line
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Datalogging
• 999 readings can be stored• Stored readings can be
reviewed on PCM+ or downloaded to PC
• Downloaded files are in text format and can be displayed using Excel or 123 speadsheets
Radiodetection PCM
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Pinpointing Coating Defects
• For accurate coating defect location use the A Frame
Radiodetection PCM
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Finding Coating Defects
Radiodetection PCM
TransmitterA-Frame
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Case Histories
Radiodetection PCM
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Radiodetection PCM
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Defects found by PCMCut away ready for repair
Radiodetection PCM
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Close up view of cutaway showing area of metal loss
Radiodetection PCM
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Cables in contact with pipe
Radiodetection PCM
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Sheet pile in contact with pipe
Radiodetection PCM
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Current Attenuation GraphActual PCM Results
3 steps are different looking in mA but nearly identical in dB
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AC Voltage Gradient• Can be part of Current tools• Becoming very popular• Extreme sensitivity• Rejection of interference• Very accurate location of faults
– typically better then 6"
• Sometimes part of Current Attenuation equipment• This method deserves to be considered as a solid
tool for integrity and the ECDA process.
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ACVG in Operation• Both signal
strength and direction arrows lead user to holiday.
• Fault value is proportional to holiday size and
soil resistivity.
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Pool of PotentialIs AC, but at any instant in time, there is a direction.Is AC, but at any instant in time, there is a direction.
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ACVG Receiver Theory
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ACVG Tuning
• Older systems used a simple DMM– Does not tune to any one frequency– 60 Hz, cable earth faults, telecom noise Rx’d
• Very tight tuning in the signal generator and receiver effectively increases sensitivity as it ignores current from other sources– SNR improves
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• In this case the next fault was quite close (20-30m) which is why the left side of graph climbs quickly.
• Other cases may show 100s of meters of signal at 30 and under..
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Dig Pictures