Performance and stress tests on Carbon based Power Capacitors · 2019. 8. 5. · Performance and...
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Performance and stress tests on Carbon based Power Capacitors 1. Scope of the tests Standard datasheets of ba0ery and supercapacitor cells o7en provide data that is only applicable in well controlled standardised condi:ons. Example are that charging has to be done at 0.5C (half of the nominal current and at a standard temperature of 25 °C). In real systems such condi:ons would be very restric:ve. In the following tests we wanted to have a be0er understanding of the proper:es of carbon based power capacitors that can operate at very different temperatures and can be charged and discharged at much higher currents. In addi:on, these tests have been set up as stress tests with e.g. applying maximum sustained current during the while tests and with rela:ve short relaxa:on intervals. These tests are not final but provide a base to start from for more elaborate tests. One conclusion that can already be drawn is that the power capacitors operate without any problem at higher currents and higher temperatures. However, the tests also showed the importance of relaxa:on periods. At high discharge rates not all available energy can be dumped into the load and relaxa:on allows to recover the residual energy. It is laos noted that the cells were 100% charged (stopped when current drops below 0,1 A rather than 0,02 A) to reduce the tes:ng :me. 1.1. Product Type Toomen carbon based power capacitor Cell. Further referred to as “power capacitor cell” or “cell”. • 1.0Ah/2000F/3.2VDC (18500 cylindrical) • 1.3Ah/3300F/2.7VDC (18650 cylindrical) 1.2. Test site and test equipment Flanders Make , Lommel PEC SBT 8050 1.3. Test sequence: Cells are taken from stock. Typical sequence: • Discharge :ll minimum voltage • Relaxa:on (typically 60 seconds, no current) • Charge with specified charging current and specified voltage :ll current < 0.1 A. • Fast charge phase: current is maximum :ll maximum voltage is reached • Slow charge phase: current slowly drops while voltage difference goes to zero. • Relaxa:on (typically 60 seconds, no current) • Discharge with specified current :ll voltage drops to minimal discharging voltage + 0,05 V • Relaxa:on (typically 600 seconds, no current) • Op:onal: discharge to es:mate residual charge. 1.4 Data recorded: • Current (mA on graphs) • Voltage (mV on graphs) 1 Kurt.energy carbon-based power capacitor cells 11.07.2019
Transcript of Performance and stress tests on Carbon based Power Capacitors · 2019. 8. 5. · Performance and...
Performance and stress tests on Carbon based Power Capacitors
1. Scopeofthetests
Standard datasheets of ba0ery and supercapacitor cells o7en provide data that is only applicable in wellcontrolled standardised condi:ons. Example are that charging has to be done at 0.5C (half of the nominalcurrentandatastandardtemperatureof25°C). Inrealsystemssuchcondi:onswouldbeveryrestric:ve. Inthe following tests we wanted to have a be0er understanding of the proper:es of carbon based powercapacitorsthatcanoperateatverydifferenttemperaturesandcanbechargedanddischargedatmuchhighercurrents.Inaddi:on,thesetestshavebeensetupasstresstestswithe.g.applyingmaximumsustainedcurrentduringthewhiletestsandwithrela:veshortrelaxa:onintervals.These tests arenotfinalbutprovideabase to start from formoreelaborate tests.One conclusion that canalready be drawn is that the power capacitors operate without any problem at higher currents and highertemperatures.However,thetestsalsoshowedtheimportanceofrelaxa:onperiods.Athighdischargeratesnotallavailableenergycanbedumpedintotheloadandrelaxa:onallowstorecovertheresidualenergy.Itislaosnotedthatthecellswere100%charged(stoppedwhencurrentdropsbelow0,1Aratherthan0,02A)toreducethetes:ng:me.
1.1.ProductType
ToomencarbonbasedpowercapacitorCell.Furtherreferredtoas“powercapacitorcell”or“cell”.
• 1.0Ah/2000F/3.2VDC(18500cylindrical)• 1.3Ah/3300F/2.7VDC(18650cylindrical)
1.2.Testsiteandtestequipment
FlandersMake,LommelPECSBT8050
1.3.Testsequence:
Cellsaretakenfromstock.Typicalsequence:• Discharge:llminimumvoltage• Relaxa:on(typically60seconds,nocurrent)• Chargewithspecifiedchargingcurrentandspecifiedvoltage:llcurrent<0.1A.
• Fastchargephase:currentismaximum:llmaximumvoltageisreached• Slowchargephase:currentslowlydropswhilevoltagedifferencegoestozero.
• Relaxa:on(typically60seconds,nocurrent)• Dischargewithspecifiedcurrent:llvoltagedropstominimaldischargingvoltage+0,05V• Relaxa:on(typically600seconds,nocurrent)• Op:onal:dischargetoes:materesidualcharge.
1.4Datarecorded:
• Current(mAongraphs)• Voltage(mVongraphs)
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• Temperatureonskinofcell(°Congraph)• Time(seconds)• MeasurementswithFLIRcameratovalidatetemperaturesensor• Noac:vecoolingused(heatisdissipatedtoambientairortoaheatabsorbingmaterial).
1.5Typesoftests
• Testatroomtemperature(maintainedat25°C+/-2°C).Constantchargeanddischargecurrent• Testinthermalovenat45°C• Forsometestthecellswereplacedinaheatabsorbingmaterial.• Testatroomtemperaturewithpulseddischargingcurrent.
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3.Testresults
3.1TMDD1.0/3.2/18500-1.0Ah/2000F/3.2VDC
Test4729-18500cell-chargeat1C(1A)-dischargeat1C(1A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+3.2°C
Energyinjected:3,216Whin3882seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:3,05Whin3688seconds.
DOD(DepthOfDischarge):102%
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Test4737-18500cell-chargeat5C(5A)-dischargeat5C(5A)roomat45°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+9.5°C
Energyinjected:3,09Whin2626seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,734Whin656seconds
DOD:91%
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Test4733-18500cell-chargeat10C(10A)-dischargeat10C(10A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+26°C
Energyinjected:2,70Whin2989seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2.14Whin281seconds
DOD:78%
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Test4745-18500cell-chargeat10C(10A)-dischargepulsedat10C(10A)roomat25°C+/-2°C.Averagedischargecurrent2,6A(2,6C).Pulse:dischargefor6secondsat10C(10A)thenfor24secondsat1C(1A)andrepeatun:lvoltagedropstominimum.
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+13°C
Energyinjected:2,76Whin3300seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,37Whin1000seconds
DOD:78%
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3.2TMDD1.3/2.7/18650-1.3Ah/2000F/2.7VDC
Test4726-18650cell-chargeat1C(1.3A)-dischargeat1C(1.3A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+2.0°C
Energyinjected:3,216Whin3880seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:3,048Whin3688seconds
DOD:102%
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Test4727-18650cell-chargeat5C(6.5A)-dischargeat5C(6.5A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+19.0°C
Energyinjected:3.42Whin1155seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,7Whin710seconds
DOD:99%
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Test4728-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat10C(13A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+22°C
Energyinjected:3,59Whin850seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,28Whin315seconds
DOD:88%
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Test4734-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat10C(13A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+15°C(useofheatabsorbingmaterial)
Energyinjected:3,61Whin919seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,21Whin306seconds.
DOD:85%
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Test4739-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat10C(13A)roomat45°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+13.5°C
Energyinjected:3,60Whin752seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge2,20Whin319seconds.Residualenergy.
DOD:89%
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Test4740-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat20C(26A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+13.5°C(useofheatabsorbingmaterial)
Energyinjected:3,61Whin909seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:1,36Whin135seconds.
DOD:75%
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Test4744-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargepulsedatat20C(26A)-roomat25°C+/-2°C.Averagedischargecurrent6,24A(4,8C)Pulse:dischargefor6secondsat20C(26A)thenfor24secondsat1C(1.3A)andrepeatun:lvoltagedropstominimum.
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+12.5°C
Energyinjected:3,68Whin825seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:1,48Whin425seconds.
DOD:57%
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4.Extractofthedatasheetofthetestedcells.
TMDD1.0/3.2/18500
TMDD1.3/2.7/18650
1.0Ah/2000F/
3.2VDC1.3Ah/3300F/
2.7VDC
Item Unit Value Value
1 Nominalcapacity Ah 1,0 1,3
F 2000 3300
Tolerance % 5 5
2 RatedVoltage V 3,2 2,7
2B RatedEnergy/cell Wh 3,0 3,0
2CNominalEnergy/cell Wh 3,2 3,5
3 ChargeMode Constantpoten:al
4Recommendedchargingvoltage V 3,4 2,75
4BLimitchargingvoltageV-max V 3,5 2,85
5Finaldischargingvoltage V 2 1,6
6Max.con:nuouschargingcurrent A 10,0 19,5
7 Max.con:nuousdischargingcurrent
A 10,0 19,5
7AMax.con:nuouspower W 30,0 54,0
7BAllowablepulsedischargecurrent(<200ms)
A 80,0 100,0
8Max.InternalResistance mOhm 20 13
9 Weight g 30 39
Weighttolerance % 1 1
10 Diameter mm 18 18
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11 Height mm 50 65
Volumesinglecell mm3 12723 16540
Volumepackedcell mm3 16200 21060
12Transporta:onVoltage+/-0,1V V 3,1 2,4
13StorageVoltage+/-0,1V V 3,1 2,4
14Min.Opera:onTemperature °C -20 -40
Max.Opera:onTemperature °C 70 80
15MinstorageTemperature °C -5 -5
Max.StorageTemperature °C 35 35
16Max.storagehumidity RH% 85 85
18EnergyDensity/Mass Wh/kg 100 80
18BEnergydensity/volume Wh/dm3 235,8 181,4
19Powerdensity/Mass W/kg 1500 1500
20InstantaneousPowerDensity(200ms)
W/kg 4000 4000
21Residualenergya7erdischarging@XXA
XX=15(15C) % -- 80
XX=20(20C) % -- 75
XX=18(15C) % 80 --
XX=25(20C) % 75 --
22Life:mecharge/dischargecycle:ll75%
20000 50000
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StandardChargeProfile
Under the condi:onof ambient temperature (25±3)℃, charge thepower capacitor cellwith themaximumchargingvoltageundera0.5Climitedconstantcurrentun:lthechargingcurrentislessthanorequalto0.02A,thenstopcharging.Notes:exceedingthemaximumchargingvoltageorcharging/dischargingatahighercurrentratecaninfluencethelife:me,especiallyathighertemperatures.
DimensionsofthecarbonbasedpowercapacitorCells
11.Disclaimer
These tests doenot representofficlal data.Any iusof it is indica:veand shouldbe confirmedby addi:onaltests.
23Energyholdinga7er28days % 95 95
24Shortcircuittemperature °C 150 150
25 Guaranteeperiod months 12 12
26FireHazardoussubstances N.A.
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The company shall not be liable for any problems arising from the use of the hybrid carbon-based powercapacitorcelloutsideitsspecifica:ons.
Thecompanydoesnotassumeanyresponsibilityforproductsbeyondthequalityguaranteeperiod.Thecompanyisnotresponsibleforthedamagecausedbythecustomer'sacceptancetestsorduringdamagecausedbyanyassemblyprocess.
Contactpoint
AltreonicNV,Gemeentestraat61AB1,B3210Linden,BelgiumTel.:[email protected]
ManufacturerShenzhenToomenNewEnergyCo.,Ltd
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