Performance and stress tests on Carbon based Power Capacitors
1. Scopeofthetests
Standard datasheets of ba0ery and supercapacitor cells o7en provide data that is only applicable in wellcontrolled standardised condi:ons. Example are that charging has to be done at 0.5C (half of the nominalcurrentandatastandardtemperatureof25°C). Inrealsystemssuchcondi:onswouldbeveryrestric:ve. Inthe following tests we wanted to have a be0er understanding of the proper:es of carbon based powercapacitorsthatcanoperateatverydifferenttemperaturesandcanbechargedanddischargedatmuchhighercurrents.Inaddi:on,thesetestshavebeensetupasstresstestswithe.g.applyingmaximumsustainedcurrentduringthewhiletestsandwithrela:veshortrelaxa:onintervals.These tests arenotfinalbutprovideabase to start from formoreelaborate tests.One conclusion that canalready be drawn is that the power capacitors operate without any problem at higher currents and highertemperatures.However,thetestsalsoshowedtheimportanceofrelaxa:onperiods.Athighdischargeratesnotallavailableenergycanbedumpedintotheloadandrelaxa:onallowstorecovertheresidualenergy.Itislaosnotedthatthecellswere100%charged(stoppedwhencurrentdropsbelow0,1Aratherthan0,02A)toreducethetes:ng:me.
1.1.ProductType
ToomencarbonbasedpowercapacitorCell.Furtherreferredtoas“powercapacitorcell”or“cell”.
• 1.0Ah/2000F/3.2VDC(18500cylindrical)• 1.3Ah/3300F/2.7VDC(18650cylindrical)
1.2.Testsiteandtestequipment
FlandersMake,LommelPECSBT8050
1.3.Testsequence:
Cellsaretakenfromstock.Typicalsequence:• Discharge:llminimumvoltage• Relaxa:on(typically60seconds,nocurrent)• Chargewithspecifiedchargingcurrentandspecifiedvoltage:llcurrent<0.1A.
• Fastchargephase:currentismaximum:llmaximumvoltageisreached• Slowchargephase:currentslowlydropswhilevoltagedifferencegoestozero.
• Relaxa:on(typically60seconds,nocurrent)• Dischargewithspecifiedcurrent:llvoltagedropstominimaldischargingvoltage+0,05V• Relaxa:on(typically600seconds,nocurrent)• Op:onal:dischargetoes:materesidualcharge.
1.4Datarecorded:
• Current(mAongraphs)• Voltage(mVongraphs)
� 1Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
• Temperatureonskinofcell(°Congraph)• Time(seconds)• MeasurementswithFLIRcameratovalidatetemperaturesensor• Noac:vecoolingused(heatisdissipatedtoambientairortoaheatabsorbingmaterial).
1.5Typesoftests
• Testatroomtemperature(maintainedat25°C+/-2°C).Constantchargeanddischargecurrent• Testinthermalovenat45°C• Forsometestthecellswereplacedinaheatabsorbingmaterial.• Testatroomtemperaturewithpulseddischargingcurrent.
� 2Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
3.Testresults
3.1TMDD1.0/3.2/18500-1.0Ah/2000F/3.2VDC
Test4729-18500cell-chargeat1C(1A)-dischargeat1C(1A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+3.2°C
Energyinjected:3,216Whin3882seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:3,05Whin3688seconds.
DOD(DepthOfDischarge):102%
� 3Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4737-18500cell-chargeat5C(5A)-dischargeat5C(5A)roomat45°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+9.5°C
Energyinjected:3,09Whin2626seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,734Whin656seconds
DOD:91%
� 4Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4733-18500cell-chargeat10C(10A)-dischargeat10C(10A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+26°C
Energyinjected:2,70Whin2989seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2.14Whin281seconds
DOD:78%
� 5Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4745-18500cell-chargeat10C(10A)-dischargepulsedat10C(10A)roomat25°C+/-2°C.Averagedischargecurrent2,6A(2,6C).Pulse:dischargefor6secondsat10C(10A)thenfor24secondsat1C(1A)andrepeatun:lvoltagedropstominimum.
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+13°C
Energyinjected:2,76Whin3300seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,37Whin1000seconds
DOD:78%
� 6Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
3.2TMDD1.3/2.7/18650-1.3Ah/2000F/2.7VDC
Test4726-18650cell-chargeat1C(1.3A)-dischargeat1C(1.3A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+2.0°C
Energyinjected:3,216Whin3880seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:3,048Whin3688seconds
DOD:102%
� 7Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4727-18650cell-chargeat5C(6.5A)-dischargeat5C(6.5A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+19.0°C
Energyinjected:3.42Whin1155seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,7Whin710seconds
DOD:99%
� 8Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4728-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat10C(13A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+22°C
Energyinjected:3,59Whin850seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,28Whin315seconds
DOD:88%
� 9Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4734-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat10C(13A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+15°C(useofheatabsorbingmaterial)
Energyinjected:3,61Whin919seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:2,21Whin306seconds.
DOD:85%
� 10Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4739-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat10C(13A)roomat45°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+13.5°C
Energyinjected:3,60Whin752seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge2,20Whin319seconds.Residualenergy.
DOD:89%
� 11Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4740-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargeat20C(26A)roomat25°C+/-2°C
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+13.5°C(useofheatabsorbingmaterial)
Energyinjected:3,61Whin909seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:1,36Whin135seconds.
DOD:75%
� 12Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Test4744-18650cell-chargeat10C(13A)-dischargepulsedatat20C(26A)-roomat25°C+/-2°C.Averagedischargecurrent6,24A(4,8C)Pulse:dischargefor6secondsat20C(26A)thenfor24secondsat1C(1.3A)andrepeatun:lvoltagedropstominimum.
Maximumtemperatureincrease:+12.5°C
Energyinjected:3,68Whin825seconds
Energyreleasedupondischarge:1,48Whin425seconds.
DOD:57%
� 13Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
4.Extractofthedatasheetofthetestedcells.
TMDD1.0/3.2/18500
TMDD1.3/2.7/18650
1.0Ah/2000F/
3.2VDC1.3Ah/3300F/
2.7VDC
Item Unit Value Value
1 Nominalcapacity Ah 1,0 1,3
F 2000 3300
Tolerance % 5 5
2 RatedVoltage V 3,2 2,7
2B RatedEnergy/cell Wh 3,0 3,0
2CNominalEnergy/cell Wh 3,2 3,5
3 ChargeMode Constantpoten:al
4Recommendedchargingvoltage V 3,4 2,75
4BLimitchargingvoltageV-max V 3,5 2,85
5Finaldischargingvoltage V 2 1,6
6Max.con:nuouschargingcurrent A 10,0 19,5
7 Max.con:nuousdischargingcurrent
A 10,0 19,5
7AMax.con:nuouspower W 30,0 54,0
7BAllowablepulsedischargecurrent(<200ms)
A 80,0 100,0
8Max.InternalResistance mOhm 20 13
9 Weight g 30 39
Weighttolerance % 1 1
10 Diameter mm 18 18
� 14Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
11 Height mm 50 65
Volumesinglecell mm3 12723 16540
Volumepackedcell mm3 16200 21060
12Transporta:onVoltage+/-0,1V V 3,1 2,4
13StorageVoltage+/-0,1V V 3,1 2,4
14Min.Opera:onTemperature °C -20 -40
Max.Opera:onTemperature °C 70 80
15MinstorageTemperature °C -5 -5
Max.StorageTemperature °C 35 35
16Max.storagehumidity RH% 85 85
18EnergyDensity/Mass Wh/kg 100 80
18BEnergydensity/volume Wh/dm3 235,8 181,4
19Powerdensity/Mass W/kg 1500 1500
20InstantaneousPowerDensity(200ms)
W/kg 4000 4000
21Residualenergya7erdischarging@XXA
XX=15(15C) % -- 80
XX=20(20C) % -- 75
XX=18(15C) % 80 --
XX=25(20C) % 75 --
22Life:mecharge/dischargecycle:ll75%
20000 50000
� 15Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
StandardChargeProfile
Under the condi:onof ambient temperature (25±3)℃, charge thepower capacitor cellwith themaximumchargingvoltageundera0.5Climitedconstantcurrentun:lthechargingcurrentislessthanorequalto0.02A,thenstopcharging.Notes:exceedingthemaximumchargingvoltageorcharging/dischargingatahighercurrentratecaninfluencethelife:me,especiallyathighertemperatures.
DimensionsofthecarbonbasedpowercapacitorCells
11.Disclaimer
These tests doenot representofficlal data.Any iusof it is indica:veand shouldbe confirmedby addi:onaltests.
23Energyholdinga7er28days % 95 95
24Shortcircuittemperature °C 150 150
25 Guaranteeperiod months 12 12
26FireHazardoussubstances N.A.
� 16Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
The company shall not be liable for any problems arising from the use of the hybrid carbon-based powercapacitorcelloutsideitsspecifica:ons.
Thecompanydoesnotassumeanyresponsibilityforproductsbeyondthequalityguaranteeperiod.Thecompanyisnotresponsibleforthedamagecausedbythecustomer'sacceptancetestsorduringdamagecausedbyanyassemblyprocess.
Contactpoint
AltreonicNV,Gemeentestraat61AB1,B3210Linden,BelgiumTel.:[email protected]
ManufacturerShenzhenToomenNewEnergyCo.,Ltd
� 17Kurt.energycarbon-basedpowercapacitorcells
11.07.2019
Top Related