PAST TENSEPAST TENSE PAST SIMPLEPAST SIMPLE

PAST CONTINUOUSPAST CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSPAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST SIMPLEPAST SIMPLEFormulaFormulaSubject + Second Form of Verb +ObjectSubject + Second Form of Verb +ObjectFor ExampleFor ExampleHe went to Market.He went to Market.NegativeNegativeSubject + Did not + BFV + ObjectSubject + Did not + BFV + ObjectFor ExampleFor Example He did not go to Market.He did not go to Market.InterrogativeInterrogativeDid + Subject + BFV + Object ?Did + Subject + BFV + Object ?For ExampleFor ExampleDid he go to Market ?Did he go to Market ?

PAST SIMPLEPAST SIMPLE

The simple past is used for an action The simple past is used for an action completed at same time in the past.completed at same time in the past.

For Example:For Example:I phoned her yesterday.I phoned her yesterday. The simple past is also used for past The simple past is also used for past

habits; as, habits; as, For Example:For Example:He studied many hours everyday.He studied many hours everyday.She always carried an umbrellaShe always carried an umbrella.

PAST CONTINUOUSPAST CONTINUOUSFormulaFormulaSubject +(was, were)+ BFV (ing) +ObjectSubject +(was, were)+ BFV (ing) +ObjectFor ExampleFor ExampleChildren were eating ice cream.Children were eating ice cream.NegativeNegativeSubject +(was, were) (not)+ BFV (ing) + ObjectSubject +(was, were) (not)+ BFV (ing) + ObjectFor ExampleFor Example They were not swimming in the pool.They were not swimming in the pool.InterrogativeInterrogative(Was, Were)+ Subject + BFV (ing) + Object ?(Was, Were)+ Subject + BFV (ing) + Object ?For ExampleFor ExampleWas she using the internet?Was she using the internet?

PAST CONTINOUSPAST CONTINOUS Past continuous is used to denote an action going on at some time Past continuous is used to denote an action going on at some time

in the past. The time of the action may or may not be indicated.in the past. The time of the action may or may not be indicated.For Example:For Example:We were listening to the radio all evening.We were listening to the radio all evening.When I saw him, he was playing chess.When I saw him, he was playing chess. The past continuous and simple past are used together when a The past continuous and simple past are used together when a

new action happened in the middle of a longer action. The simple new action happened in the middle of a longer action. The simple past is used for the new action.past is used for the new action.

For Example:For Example:The light went out while I was reading.The light went out while I was reading.When I saw him, he was playing chess.When I saw him, he was playing chess. This tense is also used with ‘always’ ‘continually’ etc. for This tense is also used with ‘always’ ‘continually’ etc. for

persistent habits in the past.persistent habits in the past.For Example:For Example:He was always grumbling.He was always grumbling.

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECTFormulaFormulaSubject +(HAD)+ Past Participle +ObjectSubject +(HAD)+ Past Participle +ObjectFor ExampleFor ExampleHe had studied really hard.He had studied really hard.NegativeNegativeSubject + had not + past participle + ObjectSubject + had not + past participle + ObjectFor ExampleFor Example He had not gone to Market.He had not gone to Market.InterrogativeInterrogativeHad + Subject + past participle + Object ?Had + Subject + past participle + Object ?For ExampleFor ExampleHad he paid his all bills ?Had he paid his all bills ?

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT The past perfect is used to describe an action completed The past perfect is used to describe an action completed

before a certain moment in the past; as, before a certain moment in the past; as, For Example:For Example:I met him in Kuala Lumpur in 2001.I had seen him last five I met him in Kuala Lumpur in 2001.I had seen him last five

years before.years before. If two actions happened in the past, it may be necessary to If two actions happened in the past, it may be necessary to

show which action happened earlier than the other. The show which action happened earlier than the other. The past perfect is mainly used in such situations. The simple past perfect is mainly used in such situations. The simple past is used in one clause and the past perfect in the other; past is used in one clause and the past perfect in the other; as, as,

For Example:For Example:When I reached the station the train had already left.When I reached the station the train had already left.I had written the letter before he arrived. I had written the letter before he arrived.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOSPAST PERFECT CONTINUOSFormulaFormulaSubject +(HAD BEEN)+ BFV (ing) +(Since/For) +ObjectSubject +(HAD BEEN)+ BFV (ing) +(Since/For) +ObjectFor ExampleFor ExampleShe had been waiting for me for three hours.She had been waiting for me for three hours.Girls had been sewing the dresses since morning till evening.Girls had been sewing the dresses since morning till evening.NegativeNegativeSubject + had not + been+ BFV (ing)+ (since/For)+ ObjectSubject + had not + been+ BFV (ing)+ (since/For)+ ObjectFor ExampleFor Example He had not been watching the TV for five hours.He had not been watching the TV for five hours.InterrogativeInterrogativeHad + Subject + Been+ BFV (ing)+ (Since/For)+ Object ?Had + Subject + Been+ BFV (ing)+ (Since/For)+ Object ?For ExampleFor ExampleHad they been talking since evening ?Had they been talking since evening ?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The past perfect continuous is used for an The past perfect continuous is used for an action that began before a certain point in action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time ; the past and continued up to that time ; as, as,

For Example:For Example:At that time he had been writing a novel for At that time he had been writing a novel for

two months.two months.When Mr. Wahab came to the university in When Mr. Wahab came to the university in

2002, Mr. Shakir had already been 2002, Mr. Shakir had already been teaching there for five years.teaching there for five years.

Prepared by:Prepared by: Mansor Bin EsaMansor Bin Esa English Language TeacherEnglish Language Teacher SK Padang Jawa, Shah AlamSK Padang Jawa, Shah Alam