Compiled by: Made Juliarta, S.S

SIMPLE PAST TENSE NOMINAL

Read the dialogue!

Ari : Were you at the party last night?

Dwi : No, I was not. I was at home.

Ari : Was your sister at home too?

Dwi : Yes, she was. She was busy with her homework.

Explanation:

Simple Past Tense Nominal digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah lampau, tapi tidak menggunakan kata kerja. Melainkan menggunakan Kata Benda (Noun), Kata Sifat (Adjective) dan kata Keterangan (Adverb).

Formulanya adalah:

( + ) S + was/were + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)

( - ) S + was/were NOT + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)

( ? ) Was/were + S + Complement (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)?

Contoh:

( + ) My mother was a midwife.( - ) My mother was not a midwife.( ? ) Was my mother a midwife?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE VERBAL

Read the following sentences!

Farmers in Jati Bali grew rice crops 6 months agoSome students conducted research on vegetative plant propagations last yearTranspiration started to increase 3 hours ago.

Simple Past Tense Verbal digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah lampau.Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan dalam Simple Past Tense, antara lain:

a. yesterday (kemarin)b. ago (yang lalu). Misalnya: a minute ago, two days ago, a week ago,

three months ago, two years ago, etc.c. last (yang lalu). Misalnya: last week, last year, last two days, last

Monday, last December, etc.d. this + morning/noon/afternoon/evening.

Note: walaupun ago dan last memiliki arti yang  sama, perhatikan perbedaan letaknya. Ago diletakkan setelah noun yang diterangkannya (i.e. noun + ago), sedangkan last diletakkan sebelum noun (i.e. last + noun).

Formulanya adalah:( + ) S + V2( - ) S + did not + V1( ? ) Did + S + V1?

Contoh:( + ) The family had dinner at the restaurant last night.( - ) The family did not have dinner at the restaurant last night.( ? ) Did the family have dinner at the restaurant last night?

PAST PERFECT TENSE NOMINAL

Read the examples below!

Rita had been here before you came.

He had been there.

Had you been here?

Explanations:

Past Perfect Tense Nominal adalah kalimat yang menggambarkan kejadian yang telah terjadi di waktu lampau sebelum ada kejadian lain yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja.

Formulanya:( + ) S + had + been + Complement( - ) S + had not + been + Complement( ? ) Had + S + been + Complement?Ex:( + ) I had been an employee before I had my own business.( - ) I had not been an employee before I had my own business.( ? ) Had I been an employee before I had my own business?

PAST PERFECT TENSE VERBAL

Read the examples below!

I had washed my hands before I ate just now. I had lost my letter before I posted it. The students did their tasks after they had got the explanation. What did you do after you had finished studying at school? What had you done before you came here?

Explanations Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan 2 kejadian

dimana kejadian pertama lebih dulu selesai dan disusul oleh kejadian yang lain yang juga selesai diwaktu lampau. Formulanya: -( + ) S + had + V3-( - ) S + had + not + V3-( ? ) Had + S + V3

Dalam Past Perfect Tense, kejadian yang lebih dulu terjadi menggunakan Had + V 3, kejadian yang menyusul kemudian menggunakan Simple Past ( S + V 2 ).

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Read the following text and examples!

Yesterday was the busy day for my family. At 6 am, my mother was preparing the breakfast while I was helping my father to wash his car. While I was washing the car, my old friend Cyntia came. She surprised me. I didn’t expect that she would come early morning. While we were talking about our activities at school, my father went to the office.

-At noon, when he called me, I was working at the office.

-The sun was shining brightly when I got up this morning.

-You were attending the meeting when I telephoned you.

-They were watching TV while we were talking about many things last night.

Explanations:

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Past Continuous Tense dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lalu ketika suatu kejadian lain terjadi juga, dalam hal ini kita menggunakan WHEN dan WHILE.

Formulanya adalah :( + ) S + was / were + V ing + Adv.of time.( - ) S + was / were + not + V ing + Adv of time.( ? ) Was / Were + S + V ing + Adv of time.

WHEN digunakan untuk 2 aktifitas yang mana 1 kejadian sedang berlangsung kemudian disusul oleh kejadian lain, semuanya terjadi di waktu lampau.

WHILE digunakan untuk 2 aktifitas yang sama-sama sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Formula untuk 2 kejadian adalah :WHEN S + was/were + V ing + O WHEN S + V2 + OWHILE S + was/were + Ving + O WHILE S + was/were + V ing + O

DESCRIBING PAST EXPERIENCE

Read the following passage!

Last week I went to Bali Zoo Park by public transportation. I left home at 8 o’clock in the morning and arrived there around 9 AM. I spent some hours there. I saw many kinds of animals. There were many wilds animals and many visitors too. It was nice since the weather was not bad.

Explanations:

Memaparkan kejadian di waktu lampau menggunakan Simple Past. Kata keterangan yang digunakan seperti:

-Last…….. - ………ago -Yesterday -When I was…………..Etc.

Jika tidak menyebutkan kata kerja, maka kita gunakan WAS dan WERE. Semua kata kerja menggunakan bentuk ke dua ( V2 ). Jika ingin menanyakan pengalaman orang lain bias menggunakan:

-Tell me your last holiday!

1) Mum _washed up_ after lunch.2) The maid ___________________ the beds in the rooms.3) It ___________________ a lot yesterday.4) The boys ___________________ after school.5) The fortune teller ___________________ me my future.6) Dave ___________________ a slice of pizza.7) The couple ___________________ TV last night.8) Tim ___________________ the table.9) Dad ___________________ a fairy tale to his children.10) Dave ___________________ a bath.11) The ambulance ________________ the injured man to the hospital.12) Owen ___________________ the homework.13) Fred ___________________ a cold yesterday.14) Jane ___________________ in the disco last weekend.15) The couple ___________________ on the bench in the park. 1

-Where did you go last ……..?-What did you do …………………….ago?-Could you tell me your last weekend? Etc.

Past Tense ExercisesChange to past tense.

1. He (walk) to school yesterday.

He   to school yesterday.

2. They (do) their homework last night.

They   their homework last night.

3. You (are) lazy last week.

You   lazy week.

4. That woman (buy) a new book this morning.

That woman   a new book this morning.

5. The janitor (clean) the blackboard yesterday.

The janitor   the blackboard yesterday.

6. My mother (cook) food yesterday.

My mother   food yesterday.

7. This morning my teacher (teach) English.

This morning my teacher   English.

8. I (am) hungry yesterday.

I   hungry yesterday.

9. The gardener (cut) the trees last month.

The gardener   the trees last month.

10. She (drink) milk this morning.

She   milk this morning.

11. Last month the man (ride) a horse.

Last month the man   a horse.

12. Sakda (go) to Hong Kong last year.

Sakda   to Hong Kong last year.

13. The birds (fly) in the sky this morning.

The birds   in the sky this morning.

14. I (know) Tom's house last year.

I   Tom's house last year.

15. The joiner (make) tables and chairs yesterday.

The joiner   tables and chairs yesterday.

16. The farmer (grow) rice last year.

The farmer   rice last year.

17. Two weeks ago the boy (has) a new bicycle.

Two weeks ago the boy   a new bicycle.

18. He (feel) happy yesterday.

He   happy yesterday.

19. We (work) hard last week.

We   hard last week.

20. The students (meet) in the hall last week.

The students   in the hall last week.

1. A: What (you, do)   when the accident occurred? 

B: I (try)   to change a light bulb that had burnt out. 

2. After I (find)   the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately)   to the

police and (turn)   it in. 

3. The doctor (say)   that Tom (be)   too sick to go to work and that he

(need)   to stay at home for a couple of days. 

4. Sebastian (arrive)   at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she (be,

not)   there. She (study, at the library)   for her final examination in French. 

5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch,

also)   television. That's all she ever does! 

6. A: I (call)   you last night after dinner, but you (be, not)   there. Where were you? 

B: I (work)   out at the fitness center. 

7. When I (walk)   into the busy office, the secretary (talk)   on the

phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily)   at their desks, and two

managers (discuss, quietly)   methods to improve customer service. 

8. I (watch)   a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out how the movie ends. 

9. Sharon (be)   in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't hear

anything because she (listen, not)  . 

10. It's strange that you (call)   because I (think, just)   about you. 

11. The Titanic (cross)   the Atlantic when it (strike)   an iceberg. 

12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily)   and

(try)   to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt)   for souvenirs.

Some young boys (lead)   their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way

home. A couple of men (argue)   over the price of a leather belt. I

(walk)   over to a man who (sell)   fruit and (buy)   a banana. 

13. The firemen (rescue)   the old woman who (be)   trapped on the third floor of the burning building. 

14. She was so annoying! She (leave, always)   her dirty dishes in the sink. I

think she (expect, actually)   me to do them for her. 

15. Samantha (live)   in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she

(live)   there when the Berlin Wall came down.

Cinderella

Once upon a time there lived an unhappy young girl. Her mother was dead and her father had married a widow with two daughters. Her stepmother didn't like her one little bit. All her kind thoughts and loving touches were for her own daughters. Nothing was too good for them - dresses, shoes, delicious food, soft beds, and every home comfort. But, for the poor unhappy girl, there was nothing at all. No dresses, only her stepsisters’ hand-me-downs. No lovely dishes, nothing but scraps. No rest and no comfort. She had to work hard all day. Only when evening came was she allowed to sit for a while by the fire, near the cinders. That’s why everybody called her Cinderella. Cinderella used to spend long hours all alone talking to the cat. The cat said, . Miaow. , which really meant, . Cheer up! You have something neither of your stepsisters has and that is beauty.. It was quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in old rags, was a lovely girl. While her stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant their clothes, were still clumsy, lumpy and ugly and always would be. One day, beautiful new dresses arrived at the house. A ball was to be held at the palace and the stepsisters were

getting ready to go. Cinderella didn't even dare ask if she could go too. She knew very well what the answer would be: . You? You're staying at home to wash the dishes, scrub the floors and turn down the beds for your stepsisters. They will come home tired and very sleepy.. Cinderella sighed, . Oh dear, I'm so unhappy!. and the cat murmured . Miaow. Suddenly something amazing happened. As Cinderella was sitting all alone, there was a burst of light and a fairy appeared. . Don't be alarmed, Cinderella,. said the fairy. . I know you would love to go to the ball. And so you shall!. . How can I, dressed in rags?. Cinderella replied. . The servants will turn me away!. The fairy smiled. With a flick of her magic wand Cinderella found herself wearing the most beautiful dress she had ever seen. . Now for your coach,. said the fairy; "A real lady would never go to a ball on foot! Quick! Get me a pumpkin!. . Oh of course,. said Cinderella, rushing away. Then the fairy turned to the cat. . You, bring me seven mice, and, remember they must be alive!. Cinderella soon returned with the pumpkin and the cat with seven mice he had caught in the cellar. With a flick of the magic wand the pumpkin turned into a sparkling coach and the mice became six white horses, while the seventh mouse turned into a coachman in a smart uniform and carrying a whip. Cinderella could hardly believe her eyes. Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball until she heard the first stroke of midnight! She remembered what the fairy had said, and without a word of goodbye she slipped from the Prince. s arms and ran down the steps. As she ran she lost one of her slippers, but not for a moment did she dream of stopping to pick it up! If the last stroke of midnight were to sound... oh... what a disaster that would be! Out she fled and vanished into the night. The Prince, who was now madly in love with her, picked up the slipper and said to his ministers, “Go and search everywhere for the girl whose foot this slipper fits. I will never be content until I find her!” So the ministers tried the slipper on the foot of every girl in the land until only Cinderella was left. That awful untidy girl simply cannot have been at the ball,. snapped the stepmother. . Tell the Prince he ought to marry one of my two daughters! Can't you see how ugly Cinderella is?. But, to everyone. s amazement, the shoe fitted perfectly. Suddenly the fairy appeared and waved her magic wand. In a flash, Cinderella appeared in a splendid dress, shining with youth and beauty. Her stepmother and stepsisters gaped at her in amazement, and the ministers said, "Come with us Cinderella! The Prince is waiting for you." So Cinderella married the Prince and lived happily ever. As for the cat, he just said "Miaow!"