Páginas DesdeApplication Software

7/23/2019 Pginas DesdeApplication Software

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2 8 EssentialsofComputersand Software

pplication Software

IZ

A

Download the

free

Computing

&sentJaJs 2014

app for Videos key term

flasllcaros Quizzes and

ttle game OW th Ed{J9

Competencies

After you have read thl8 chpter you ehould e able to:

t Discuss general-purpose

applicalions.

Desaibe word

processors spreadsheets dalllbaR

management sys Ems,

and presentatton

programs.

3

Discuss specialized appllcattons.

4 Desalbe

graphics programs

web authartng

programs and

other specialized

professional appllcallons.

5

Desalbe moblle

apps and app stores.

8

Discusssaltware suttes.

7 Desalbe office

suttes cloud stiltes,

spedallzed suites

and

utllt.y suites.

Why should

I

read

this

chapter?

At

one

time all document pniparatton was a

manual

process performed by clerical staff. That was then

and

this Is now. Now a required sklll for nearly every

profession

la

the ablllty to create documents to ana

ty.ze

data,

to

develop

presentations

and t store and

retrieve

lnfonnatlcn. Profeaslonals need to know how

This chapter discusses these applications

Including word processora, spreadsheets database

management systems and presentation graph

ics. Addltlonally you ll leam about cloud comput

ing appllcatlons,

Integrated packages

and software

suites. To be competent and to be compelftlve In

to use software appllcatlcns on

their desktops or

from

the cloud

to perform these activities.

,.,..-,,..---- . .. today s profesalonal workplace

you

need to know

and

to under

stand 1hHe things.


2/15

Computing

Essentials: Making IT

wor

for you

Complete2 14

Edition 2 9

a ter

3


3/15

21 Essentialsof

Computersand Software

Introduction

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14 CHAPTER3

Not

long ago, trained speciali8ts

wen:1

required

to

perfcnn

many of the

operations

you

can now do with a microcomputer.

Mar1


4/15

Menu bar

Toolbar

Tab

Ribbons

Groups

Computing Essentials: Making IT

work

for you, Complete 2014 Edition

211

Button

Dialog

box

l fll l91;V

--

...

.

_

.

Many Microsoft

and

other applications use

an

interface

known

as the Ribbon

GUI to make

it

easier to find

and

use all the features of

an

application; this GUI

uses a system of ribbons, tabs,

and

galleries. See Figure 3-2.)

Ribbons replace menus

and

toolbars

by

organizing commonly

used

com

mands into a set of tabs. These tabs display command buttons

that

are the

most relevant to the tasks being performed

by

the user.

Tabs are used to divide the ribbon into major activity areas. Each tab is

then organized into groups that contain related items. Some tabs, called

contextual tabs, only appear when they are needed and anticipate the next

operations to be performed

by

the user.

Galleries simplify the process of making a selection from a list of alternatives.

This is accomplished

by

graphically displaying the effect of alternatives before

being selected.

Gallery

Figura 3 1 Traditional graphical

user interface

environment

Did you

know

that downloading

software can actually generate

energy savings?

Microsoft for

example

finds that distributing

its

software as an

electronic

download results in a 9 percent

reduction

of carbon

emissions

when

compared

to traditional

CD

or DVD distribution. This occurs

because of

the emissions that

come from the manufacture and

shipment of the discs and pack-

ing materials.

So

instead of

purchasing physical software

packages consider buying

them

on

the web and downloading the

file

to your computer. Not only

will

you

benefit

the environment

but you

will

also get the soft-

ware faster

and

likely

save

a few

dollars.

To

see

more

environ-

mental

facts

visit our website

at

www.computing2014.com and

enter the

keyword environmen

t.

Figure

3 2

Ribbon

UI

pplication Software 65


5/15

212

Essentials of Computers and Software

tips

Common Fea1ures

Most applications provide a variety of features to make entering/presenting, edit

ing, and formatting documents easy. Some

of

the mos t common features include:

Spell checkers look for misspelled

words

Alignment either centers, right-aligns,

or

left-aligns numbers

and characters

Font

and

font sizes (perhaps use character effects)---specifies the size and

style of entered numbers and text

Tables presents numbers and text in table format

Reports provides a variety of different types

and

styles to report

information

[

conceptcheck

List three categories of application

software.

What

Is

a graphical user Interface? What are windows, menus oolbars and dial

og

boxes?

What is the

Ribbon

GUI? What

are

ribbons, tabs,

and gal

leries

?

Discuss some of

the

most common

features

In appllcatlon programs.

General-Purpose Applications

As mentioned previously, general-purpose applications include

word

processors,

spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.

Word

Processors

Word processors create text-based documents and are one of the most flexible

and widely

used

software tools. All types of people

and

organizations use word

Did

you

know

that

Mlc rusofl provides

thDUSands DI free templates

on

Hs

website?

Here s how ID

~ k l y access

1

variety

DI

tamplataa ranging from party invitations

and

llXlfcise

pl nnn ID

profa81ional

c:ommunic:ations.

processors

to

create memos, letters, and faxes. Organiza

tions create newsletters, manuals,

and

brochures to provide

information to their customers. Students and researchers

use

word

processors

to

create reports. Word processors

can

even be used to create personalized web pages.

Microsoft Word is the most widely used word processor.

Connect

to offic:e.microsoft.com.

Click the emplates menu option at the

top.

Use

the search feature or browse

through av

arie1y of

categories.

On

c:e

you

find

a

emplate

you

want

to

use

download It

and

then

open

it

n

th

e

appropriate

MS Office

program.

Toseeother

tip

svis

it

our we

bs

ile at www.co

mputing

2

01

4

.com

and

en

le

r thekeywo

rd

tips.

CHAPTER3

Other popular word processors include Corel WordPerfect,

Apple Pages, OpenOffice Writer, and Google Docs.

Assume that you have accepted a job as an advertising

coordinator for Adventure Travel Tours, a travel agency

specializing in active adventure vacations. Your

primary

responsibilities are to create and coordinate the companys

promotional materials, including flyers

and

travel reports.

To

see how you could use Microsoft Word as the adver

tising coordinator for the Adventure Travel Tours, see

Figures 3-3 and 3-4.


6/15

Computing Essentlal1: Making IT work for you,Complete 2014

Edition

2 3

Creating a

FIJr

You have been asked to create a promotional advertisifl flyer. After discussing1he flyer's

con1ents and basics1ructure with yoursupervisor, you start to enter1he flyer s taxt.

As

you

enter

1he

1ext,

1he spelling

checkerand grammar checker catch some

spelling

and gram-

matical errors. Once 1he text has been

entered,

you proofread 1he text and then focus

your attention on enhancifl

1he visual

aspects of

1he

flyer. You

add

a photograph

and

experiment

with

different

character and

paragraph

formats, including fonts, font sizes,

colors,

and

alignments.

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7/15

2 4

EssentialsofComputersand Software

reating a Report

Your next

assignment is

to

create a

report

on

Tanzania

and

Peru.

After ccnducting your

resean::h,

you start writ

ing your

paper.

s

you

enter the

text

for the report,

you

notice that the AutoCorrect feature automatically

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8/15

Computing Essentlal1: Making

IT

work for you,Complete 2014 Edition 2 5

Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets organize, analyze, and

graph

numeric data such

as

budgets

and

financial reports.

Once

used exclwiively

by

accountants, spreadsheets are widely

used

by

nearly

every profession. Marketing professianaJs analyze sales b:ends.

F.inandal analysts evaluate

and graph

stock.

market

trends.

Students and

teachers

record gradesand calcWate grade point averages.

The most widely

used spreadsheet

program

is

Microsoft Excel. Other spread-

sheet

applications include Apple

Numbers and

OpenOffice Cale.

Assume that

you

have just accepted a job smanager

of

the Downtown Internet

Cafe. This cafe provides

a variety

of

flavored coffees

as well as Internet

access.

One of

your reepon&ibilitie8 is

to

create a

financial plan

for

the

next year. To see

how you

could use Microsoft Excel, s

the manager

for

the

Downtown Internet

Cafe, see Figures 3-5

and

3-6.

Creating a Sales Forecast

Your first

prcjeci

is

to

develop

a first-quarter

sales

torecas1forthe

cate.

You

begin

by

studying sales

data

and talking

with

several

managers. After obtaining sales and expense estimates, you are ready to create the first-quarter torecas1.

You

start

structuring

the

worl


9/15

211

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expand

1he

workbook

to

include workshee1s for each quarter and an annual

forac:ast summ31Y.

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each worksheet a descriptive

shee1

name. At

1he reques1 of 1he

owner,

you

perfonn a what-if

analysis

to

test the effectof different esiimates for

payroll,

and

you

use

a chart

1o visualize

the

effect.

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10/15

Computing

Essentials:

Making

IT

work for you Complete 2014 Edition

Database Management

Systems

A database is a collection

of

related data. t s the electronic equivalent

of

a file

cabinet. A

database

management system DBMS)

or

database

manager is

a pro

gram

that

sets up or structures, a database.

t

also provides tools to enter, edit,

and retrieve

data

from the database. All kinds

of

individuals use databases, from

hospital administrators recording patient information to police officers check

ing

criminal histories. Colleges and universities

use

databases

to

keep records

on

their students , instructors, and courses. Organizations

of

all types maintain

employee databases.

Two widely

used

database management systems designed for microcomputers

are Microsoft Access and OpenOffice Base.

Assume

that

you

have accepted a

2 7

job as an employment administrator

for the Lifestyle Fitness Club. To see

how you

could use Microsoft Access,

see Figure 3-7.

Are you getting ready for a classroom or aboardroom

presenlatlon

and

need some help?

Did you

knDW

that

both

Apple

and Mcrosoft provide

expert

~ d a m e

on creating prvfesslonallookln11 presentations?

Here's

how tu

access that guidance

.

tips

Presentation Graphics

Research

shows that

people learn better

when

information is presented visually.

Presentation graphics are programs

that combine a variety of visual objects

to create attractive, visually interesting

presentations. They are excellent tools

to communicate a message and to per

For Apple, connect to

www.apple.co

m/lwork/keynote/ easy and play the vi

deos

Choose

a

heme,

Add

and

edit graphics with ease, Add stun

nin

geffects

3D

charts andchart

animations, and Benefit from helpful tools.

For Microsoft, connect to www.microsolt.

com/etwork/

skills andselect 3 Ways to simplify

your PowerPoint

presentations.

To

see

other tips, visit our

website at

www.comput

ing2014.com andenter

the

keyword

suade people.

People

in

a variety

of

settings and situations use presentation graphics

programs

to

make their presentations. For example, marketing managers

use

presentation

graphics to present proposed marketing strategies to their superiors. Salespeople

use these

programs

to demonstrate products

and

encourage customers to make

purchases. Students use presentation graphics programs to create high-quality

class presentations.

Three of

the most

widely

used

presentation graphics programs are Microsoft

PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress,

and

Apple Keynote.

Assume

that you

have voluntee red for the Animal Rescue Foundation, a local

anima l rescue agency. You have been asked to create a powerful

and

persuasive

presentation to encourage

other

members

from your

community to volunteer.

To

see

how you

could use Microsoft PowerPoint, see Figure

3-8.

I

oncept check

What

are

word

processors?

What

are

they used for?

il What are spreadsheets?What are

th

ey used for?

il

What

are database manag

e

ment system

s? What are

they us

ed

or?

il What are prese

ntation

graphics programs? What are

th

ey used or?

Application

Software 71


11/15

2 8

Essentialsof

Computersand

Software

Creating a Database

You have been

asksd

1o

craate an employee database1o replace he club's marual

sys1em

for recording employee

data.

The fist

s1ep

in craatng he

database

management system is

1o

plan.

You

study he

existng

manual sys1em fccusil'l on how and what

data s

collected and

how

it is

used. Next, using Micro6fot Access, one of 1he

most widely

used DBMS programs,

you design he

basic

structure or organilalionof

1henew

database

sys1em 1o

include a

1able

1hatwill a k e ~

dataand

using

hedatabase

mae

et ident.

You aea a he

1able

struo-

1ure by

specifyilg

he fields and prinary kBj field. To

make

1he pmoess faster and

mom

aauate, you aeate

a form

and

enter

he

data oreach employee as a

reoo d in he1able.

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12/15

Computing Essentials: Making

rr

work

or

you,Complete 2014 Edition 219

Creating a Presentation

You have been asked

to aeale

a

powerful

and persuasive presentation for the direc-

tor

of the foundation designed to encourage other members from your community to

volunteer. The

flrst

step Is to meet with the director

of

1he foundation to determine the

content of he presentation. Then using Powerf oint , you begin creating the presentation

by

selectlng a presematlon template end document theme. After entering the content,

you

add Interest to the presentation

by

adding animation to selected objects and using

slide transition Bffects.

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Specialized

Applications

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While general-purpose application& are widely used in nearly every profession,

specialized applications are widely used within specific professionB.

These

pro

grams include graphics programs and web authoring programs.

Graphics

Graphics are widely used by professionals in the

graphic

arts profession. They

use desktop publishing programs, imageediting programs, illustration programs,

and image galleries.

Desktop

publishing

programs, or

page

layoutprograms, allow you to mix

text

and

graphics to create publications

of

professional quality. While

word

processo.rs

focus

on

creating

text

and

have the

ability

to

combine

text

and

graphics,desktop publishers focus

on

page design and layoutand provide

greaterflexibility. Professional graphic artistsuse desktop publishing programs

to

create documents

such

as brochures, newsletters, newspapers , and textbooks.

Populardesktop publishing programs include

Adobe

InDesign, Microsoft

Publisher,

and

QuarkXPress. While these programs provide the capability to

create text

and

graphics, typically graphic artists import

these

elements from

other sources, includingword

proceS80H,

digitalcameras, scanners, mage

editors, illustration programs, and

image

galleries.

Explorations

Adobe

Is

one of the

leaders In

specialized

appicalbns, parti;ularly

in

the

graphics, publishi'lg, and web

aulhomg ftelds.

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Application Software 3


13/15

22


74 CHAPTER3

Image editors, also knownas photo editors, are specialized

graphic.e programs for editing r modifying digitalphoto-

graphs.

They

are oftenused to touc:h

up

photographs

to

:remove scratches

and

other

imperfections.

The

photographs

a:msist

of

thousands

of dots or

pixels tha t form

images

often

referred to asbitmap or raster images. One limitationof bitmap

images, however, is thatwhen theyare expanded, the images

can becomepixelated,

or agged onthe

edges.For example,

when

the

Jette

in

Figure

3-9 .is expanded,

the

bo:rde:rs of

he

letter appear jagged, as indicated

by

the expandedview.

Popular imageeditol 8 include Adobe

Photoshop, Corel

Paint Shop Pro, GIMP (GNU Image

Manipulation

Program),

and

Wmdows

LivePhoto Gallery. To learn more about Wling

IQllndlld

llfew one

of the most popular free image editing

programs,

see

Making IT Work forYou: Image Editing

on

pages '5 and 76.

Illustration programs, also known as drawing programs, are used to create

and editvector images. While bitmap images use pixels to repret1ent images,

vector images,

also

known as

vector

illustrations,

use

geometric:

8hapes

or

objects.

(See

Figure

3-10.) hese

objecm are

Cl'l Qted by

co:nnecti.ng

lines

and

curves. Because these objects can be defined

by

mathematical equatio:ns,

they

can

be

rapidly and easily resized, colored, textured, and manipulated.

An

image is a combination of several obje


14/15

Computing Es5elltlills: Milklng ITworttf'or you, Complete 2014 Edition 221

Making

IT

work

for

you

IMAGE

EDITING

Would you like asimple way

to

fix problems in your

photos?

Do you need a

ool

that

can manage your images locally and

on

the cloud? Windows Uve Photo Gallery Is a ree, easy-to-use

photo

editing and

management

program. Besides

powerful

photo

r e p l ~ n g

features, It allows you to

ldenUfy

or

tag people and

places

for

easy

searching In

the future.

In

addition, It Includes 7

GB

of

free onllne storage/backup

using the Microsoft

SkyDrlve

service

.

....._

1111 .... ..

Windows Live Photo

Gallery la a frae

download

for Windows users.

Windows

Live

Essentials: Photo Gallery

Some Windows users

will

find tflat

they

have

n

already.

If

not,

follow

1hesesteps

to

install

it:

0-- Ga tD hllp://windaws.micrGIOft.com,

ll1d

type

p11g1g

gallary

In 1hl

181n:h

bax. Ciiek the first sean:h

result

0--. Ciiek the ormlolld

MIW

bullan.

0--- Fellow Ille instructians D camplllll

1111

mmlllllan.

Once

lnatalled,

the

software

will scan

your

Pictures library n c l u d l n g

My

Pictures

and

Pub

lic

Pictures

folders)

for

photos.

__ _,_

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--

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lmla PhalD l l You should now see many of your photos in the center of the interface.

Here

an:i aome of the most

common

fixes your photos might need:

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lhe

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needs

editing.1he Edlftab of1hl rlbllan 11

llllW active.

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the

Roflf8 d or RDlllfl dllhf

butlllns

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the

pholD.

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lhe

mp

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an lmW8llllld

secllan or Ille

pbDID. When

the

trlp window appears on 1Dp

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JDll

phulD,

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i t

saund

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resize

i t

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include

Ille

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Df

Iha

phala JOU

want

ID

kaep.

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ll8y

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completa Illecrap.

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phalaL

SlmplJ drag Ille

mau11

polnlllr ta 111nmmd1hl antlnt rad

secllan al lle person s eye, and It s lllltlndy

ixed.

()-e Ciiek

the

Reloucb

bullDn

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It

does

11111 byullng the surrounding area u a mple al

whit

t bould look

llke.

SlmplJ chg the mouse pointer tD

l'TDIDI Ille problem11'81, 11111

PbolD

Gallery will allln1ll: D l lmlM Ille blemish.

71


15/15

222 EssentialsofComputersand

Software

Ilg

..i

CQlllll

Photo

Gallery has the ablllty to detect

facea

In

photos so tllatyou can

tag

those lndlvldua ls wtth aname. You 818

also

encouraged

to

add

a brief caption to each of your photos.

Once these

are done, you

will be

able to

sea.n::h

your computer

for photos

by

U81ng a person s name or

any text

In ltle caption.

0 .

nlm

1he HiJmetab, dickIlle B 1::h people tifl KmDn.

PllotD G ary may displlJseme flees thatrou cen

llart

agging. Olli-"',dick

the

119 them

link

In

the

cenfllr

or the window.

0 . Select

dutlcl8d

face, and dickIlle

r.

button

on

Ille

ribbon.

0 . Type

ame

In

the ba:x

thet

appears,

and prwsEnter.

1lle tace wtll bmecldelr

dl111111811r becaul8

this

lndlvfdu1l

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now tagged.

This

flee

wlll a,pear

InJIU

Home rlllllan (far quick ...:hes),

and

Ille mme

wtll

be

rern1mb81'8d fvrMin 191llng.

0 .

Ciiek Ille

ctoae lllltlDn an

the

ribbon once rou hoe

milhed

taming en the dllectld

fices.

)-. Doiae-dlck aphoto InJIU collllctlon. You ow In

Ille

Etllltab. Make

sure Ille

T Ind

llPflan lluttDn Is

llllttld

on

lhlt

rilllon.

0 . Ciiek IlleAddtlflf/Oll

box, and

type

I very lldef

tttle far

the phOIO.

Pn&s

EntM ID tinilh.

x

l . ; ) I ~

S.Sectf>

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