Pageant 33-35 Review

Eleanor Roosevelt

• Most influential first lady

• Champion of the dispossessed

Frances Perkins

• First female cabinet member- Secretary of Labor

1932 Campaign

• Hoover- said recovery was just around the corner

• FDR- willing to try bold experimentation

1932 Election• FDR wins in a landslide

• African Americans shifted from Republican to Democratic

Hoover- early 1933

• Wanted FDR to stick to anti-inflationary policies

Glass-Steagall Act

• Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure bank deposits

• FDR wanted to stimulate inflation with “managed currency”

Demagogues

• Huey P. Long- promised to give all families $5,000

• Father Coughlin- anti-Semitic

National Recovery Act (NRA)

• Required too much sacrifice on the part of industry, labor and the public

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

• Attempted to reduce farm production

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

• Reversed force assimilation

• Established tribal self-government

Federal Securities Act and Securities Exchange Commission

• Provide full disclosure of information

• Prevent insider trading with the NY Stock Exchange

Tennessee Valley Authority• Tennessee Valley was a hundred years

behind the rest of the US

• Improved Navigation, flood control and power from high dams

• Electrical Power- controversial aspect

Wagner Act of 1935

• Gave labor the right to bargain collectively

Supreme Court

• After packing scandal, supported more New Deal Programs

Civilian Conservation Corps

• Worked on natural projects

• Men were required to send portion of earnings home

New Deal

• Provided moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism

London Economic Conference

• Boycotted by FDR- felt it stabilizing national currencies would hurt US recovery

Soviet Union

• Recognized by FDR- viewed as a possible ally against Germany and Japan

Philippines

• Became an economic liability for the US

Good Neighbor Policy

• FDR viewed Latin America as allies to defend the western hemisphere against dictators

FDR’s Foreign-Trade Policy

• Lowered tariffs to encourage trade

American Attitudes

• 1930s- most Americans wanted to retreat further into isolationism

• By mid-1930s- support for a constitutional amendment requiring a popular referendum to declare war

Neutrality Acts• Americans would not sail on ships of

warring nations

• US would not sell weapons to any warring nations

• This style

look familiar?

Spanish Civil War

• US remained neutral

• Spain became a fascist dictatorship

Jewish Refugees

• Not fully accepted by America

• US had a difficult time imagining the Holocaust could be happening

Fall of France• US responded by passing a conscription

law

• US gave GB destroyers in exchange for naval bases in the Western hemisphere

• Basically ended US neutrality

• US public opinion wanted to support GB, but stay out of fighting

FDR’s Third Term

• Broke with precedence established by G. Washington

• Completely constitutional at that point (22nd Amendment passed later)

• Motivated by belief that US needed his leadership with impending international crisis

Lend-Lease Aid

• Available to Soviets after German invasion

Pearl Harbor

• Ended public reluctance to enter WW II

US Entry in WW II

• Public wanted revenge – no idea what the war was about

• Retooled industry for war production

Japanese Americans

• Viewed as possible saboteurs

• Relocated away from West coast

Synthetic Rubber

• Government commissioned production to offset loss of access to prewar supply in SE Asia

Women’s Roles in WW II

• Filled positions left by men heading to war

• Lead to day-care centers by the government

African Americans

• Rallied behind the double “V”

• Moved north and west in large numbers

• Fought in segregated units

• Formed CORE

National Debt

• Increased most during WW II

Bataan Death March

• Occurred on the Philippines- 60 mile brutal march- over 20,000 died on the march and while imprisoned

1942- Japanese

• Overextended themselves with territorial gains

Island Hopping • American strategy in the Pacific of

gaining important islands to get closer for an invasion of Japan

Coral Sea • Prevented a Japanese invasion of

Australia

• The first naval battle where opposing ships never were in sight of each other

Guadalcanal • The first American offensive of

the war in the Pacific

Midway

• Japan lost 4 aircraft carriers and the ability to fight an offensive war

Stalingrad• Turning point in Europe

• Furthest extent of Nazi offensive in Russia

North Africa

• American troops fought mainly against Germans

Erwin Rommel

• The leader of German troops in North Africa

Casablanca Conference• Churchill and FDR decide to

attack Sicily

Unconditional Surrender

• Wanted to avoid a negotiated peace or armistice

• Eventually complicated problems of postwar reconstruction

Rationing

• Americans cut back on goods needed for the war effort

Sicily• The Allies invaded in an attempt

to control the Mediterranean

George Patton

• US general involved in the European Theatre

Italian Campaign

• Attempt to attack Europe through the “soft underbelly”

• German army poured in and stalled the Allied advance

D-Day

• Cross Channel invasion of Normandy, led by Eisenhower

• Erwin Rommel- German in charge of defenses

Election of 1944

• Positive war news helped FDR

Battle of the Bulge• December,1944

• Last German offensive of the war

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

• Important battles because they were closer for the U.S. to bomb and possibly attack Japan

Kamikazes • Used mainly against American

ships

Potsdam Conference

• Ultimatum to Japan- surrender or be destroyed

Pros and Cons to Atomic Bombs

• Pros-• Ended war quickly• Saved US lives• Probably saved

Japanese lives

• Cons-• Killed many civilians• Was Japan ready to

surrender already?