Objectives: Differentiate between prokaryote and eukaryote cell division Predict chromosome...
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Transcript of Objectives: Differentiate between prokaryote and eukaryote cell division Predict chromosome...
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Objectives:•Differentiate between prokaryote and eukaryote cell division•Predict chromosome changes during cell division•Compare offspring development between species
Unit V : Reproduction & Development
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Asexual Reproduction
• The production of new organisms without the fusion of nuclei. The new organisms develop from a cell or cells of a single parent and have characteristics identical to that parent.
How many cells do you produce in one day? Check out your textbook page 118
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Mitotic Cell Division• According to the cell theory, all cells
arise from other preexisting cells.Eukaryotes:• Mitosis- an orderly series of complex
changes in the nucleus, normally involving an exact duplication of the complete set of chromosomes (nuclei) and the separation of these chromosomes (nuclei) into 2 identical sets of chromosomes (nuclei).
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Interphase (Normal LIFE FUNCTIONS): Growth, Respiration, Nutrition, Transport, Excretion, Regulation
Mitosis is a small part of a cell’s life. Skin cells, for example, reproduce 65 times a day! While a liver cell only reproduces once a year!
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Cytoplasmic Division
• Cytokinesis – “cytoplasm splitting”
• Cells usually divide into two relatively equal cytoplasmic parts, each one having a nucleus and called daughter cells.
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Interphase
• Replication (exact duplication) of each single-stranded chromosome during the non-dividing period, resulting in double-stranded chromosomes.
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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Chromosomes
• Individual strands of a double-stranded chromosome are known as chromatids and are joined at the centromeres.
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Prophase• Disintegration (breakdown)
of the nuclear membrane and nucleolus during the early stages of division.
• Synthesis of a spindle apparatus from centrioles (a network of fibers).
• Chromosomes coil & sister chromatids pair up.
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Metaphase• Attachment of double-
stranded chromosomes to the spindle apparatus at the centromere region of the chromosome.
• Replication of each centromere which results in the formation of two single-stranded chromosomes.
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Anaphase
• Migration (movement) of single-stranded chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell. As a result, there is one complete set of chromosomes at each end of the cell.
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Telophase
• Nuclear membrane formation around each set of chromosomes, forming two nuclei.
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Summary• Interphase• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase (IPMAT)• Cytokinesis• View Online Onion
Root Tips animation
• The major result of mitosis is the formation of two daughter nuclei which are identical to each other and to the original nucleus, in number and types of chromosomes.
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Comparing plant and animal cellspart I
• Animals – centrioles aid in the formation and orientation of the spindle apparatus.
• Cytoplasmic division is accomplished by protein threads in the cell membrane “pinching in”, thus separating the two nuclei.
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Comparing plant and animal cellspart II
• Plants – the golgi complex secretes vesicles until a cell plate is synthesized and grows from the center outward, separating the cytoplasm.
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Mitosis
• Self-regulated, normal mitotic cell division produces new cells used for growth and repair.
• However, uncontrolled, abnormal, and rapid mitotic cell division is known as cancer. These abnormally produced cells do not function properly and may cause damage or death to an organism.
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What causes cancer (or what causes cells to divide uncontrollably)?
Check your textbook page 127 to find out
Lung Cancer Cell Dividing. by Wes // February 6, 2013