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Norbarag in cereals2017

Thies M Heick & Lise Nistrup Jørgensen

Aarhus University - Flakkebjerg

Problems with resistanceFungicide groups available – effect profile (*) and resistance risk

2

Cro

p

Diseases Strobi-

lurins

Triazoles SDHI Mildew

-icides

Folpan

Chloro-

thalonil

Wh

eat

Septoria tritici blotch **(*) **** **

Stripe rust **** **** ** *

Brown rust **** **** ** *

Tan spot ** **(*) * *

Powdery mildew *** * *** *

Bar

ley

Brown rust **** **** ** *

Net blotch *** **(*) **** *

Rhynchosporium **** **** **** *

Ramularia **(*) **** **(*)

Powdery mildew ** *** * **** *

High risk Moderate risk Low risk

For at få punktopstilling på teksten

(flere niveauer findes),

For at få venstrestillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug

Fungicides available for control of wheat diseases - Denmark

mildew Rust Septoria DTR Fusarium Eyespot

MetrafenonProquinazidspiroxamin

Prothio-conazoleEpoxiconazoletebuconazolepropiconazole

Prothioconazole

DifenoconazolePropiconazoleEpoxiconazoleTebuconazoleMetconazole

Prothio-conazolePropicona-zole

Prothio-conazoleMetconazoletebuconazole

Prothiocona-zole

Prothioconazole

PyraclostrobinPicoxystrobinAzoxystrobin

Fluopyramboscalid

(Pyraclo-strobin)

Metrafenonboscalid

Folpet cyprodinil

Experiences from Irland 2017!• Oak Park Teagasc • Euro-res meeting

Ireland – Reduced efficacy of SDHIs

2 x 0.8 Elatus Era 2 x 0.8 Elatus Era + 1. 0 Bravo

SDHIs do not provide good control any longer – Z. tritici has 75% C-T79N mutations - causingreduction in field performances. Combined with azoles and chlorothalonil in a 3 spray strategythey still optain good control.

Ireland - Euro-res3 treatments

1.2 Ascra Xpro + 1.0 Bravo/1.6 Librax + 1.0 Bravo/1.0 Prosaro

Proline 2 x 0.8




SDHI mutations in Zymoseptoria tritici

In 2017 bulked samples from Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Latvia and Lithuania were tested for SDHI mutations:B-N225I/T, B-H267X, B-T268I, B-I269VC-N86S, C-N86K, C-T79N, C-T79I, C-W80S, C-G90R, C-H152R

0%

Done by pyrosequencing.Samples analysed by BASF.




EC50 Boscalid Folpet 2017

YearBoscalid Boscalid RF Folpet Folpet RF

EC50 Range EC50 Range

2017 0.47 0.12-2.97 1 0.29 0.06-0.81 2

2016 0.49 0.01-1.84 1 0.27 0.25-0.45 1

2015 0.21 0.01-0.73 1 0.12 0.01-0.27 1

2014 0.81 0.12-2.53 2 0.35 0.08-0.91 2

2017: average of 24 Danish and 34 Swedish isolates – boscalid and folpet remain stable!Boscalid: 12 outliers (not included here) that need retesting.

Azoles’ control of septoria on flag leafusing 2 x ½ rate –Danish trials

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

% c

on

tro

l

Control of septoria on flag leaf

epoxi.

prothio

met

tebu

propi

difeno + propi

0 20 40 60 80 100

0.25 Bumper

0,4 Proline

0.5 Juventus

0,5 Rubric

0.5 Folicur

0.25 Proline xpert+ 0.25 Juventus

0.5 Prosaro

0.4 Proline/0.4 Armure

0.75 Code 1

Control of septoria - 17329

2nd leaf flag

%Control of septoria 2 trials 17329

Flag leaf : 87% GS 772nd leaf : 48% GS 73




DK EC50 assessments to azolesZymoseptoria tritici

Year Epoxiconazole RF Prothioconazole RF Prothio-desthio RF

2005 0.12 (47) 2 - - - -

2006 0.57 (180) 10 - - - -

2007 0.77 (140) 13 - - - -

2008 0.17 (88) 3 - - - -

2009 0.70 (96) 12 0.70 (96) 7 - -

2010 1.40 (54) 23 4.40 (54) 29 - -

2011 1.33 (85) 22 11.20 (85) 74 - -

2012 0.30 (40) 15 10.90 (40) 72 - -

2013 0.36 (133) 18 11.70 (98) 78 - -

2014 0.50 (290) 25* 9.90 (290) 66* - -

2015 0.45 (262) 17 11.27 (192) 75 - -

2016 1.39 (220) 66 22.12 (124) 124 0.13 (26) 17

2017 1.81 (272) 94 Discontinued - 0.32 (263) 32

Ref. IPO323 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.15 - 0.30 - 0.01 -




Sweden - EC50 assessments to azolesZymoseptoria tritici

Year Epoxiconazole RF Prothioconazole RF Prothio-desthio RF

2005 - - - - - -

2006 - - - - - -

2007 - - - - - -

2008 - - 1.5 (55) 11 - -

2009 - - 3.6 (101) 24 - -

2010 0.63 (131) 13 6.6 (131) 44 - -

2011 1.00 (166) 16 7.8 (166) 52 - -

2012 0.36 (211) 18 13.3 (211) 89 - -

2013 0.65 (170) 33 19.0 (170) 63* - -

2014 0.27 (337) 35* 7.76 (337) 89* - -

2015 0.33 (227) 12 10.68 (225) 71 - -

2016 0.52 (212) 24 12.31 (173) 82 - -

2017 3.17 (163) 170 Discontinued - 0.58 (150) 71

Ref. IPO323 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.15 - 0.30 - 0.01 -

Sensitivity test of azoles (Epoxi)results from 2017 isolates

Denmark – 125 isolates from 21 localities

Sweden – 170 isolater from 18 localities




Year

Tebuconazole Tebuconazole RF Difenoconazole Difenoconazole RF

EC50 Range EC50 Range

2017 3.17 0.10-35.00 792 0.26 0.001-4.51 21

2014 2.95 0.004-17.37 737

EC50 Tebu Difeno 2017

2017: average of 24 Danish and 34 Swedish isolates – tebu and difeno remain stable!




Frekvens af CYP51 mutationer i septoria populationen. Assessed

using pyrosequencing or PCR by BASF samples from 2016

CYP51 (%) QoI (%) SDHI (%)

D134G V136A V136C Y137F G379A I381V S524T G143A T79N N86K G90R H152R

Danmark syd jylland 60% 68% 5% 0% 89% 100% 9% 98% 0% 0% 0% 0%Danmark nord jylland 45% 53% 6% 0% 75% 96% 12% 97% 0% 0% 0% 0%Danmark øerne 36% 51% 7% 0% 72% 90% 7% 98% 0% 0% 0% 0%Sverige (Syd) 49% 64% 5% 0% 89% 91% 12% 96% 0% 0% 0% 0%Sverige (Mellom) 3% 11% 6% 0% 77% 96% 3% 85% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Norge 55% 49% 5% 0% 90% 97% 13% 99% 0% 0% 0% 0%Litauen 2% 9% 21% 0% 66% 100% 18% 79% 0% 0% 0% 0%Letland 1% 8% 10% 0% 89% 96% 2% 31% 0% 0% 0% 0%Estland 0% 15% 3% 0% 79% 99% 5% 43% 0% 0% 0% 0%Slesvig-Holsten 51% 61% 7% 0% 89% 100% 19% 89% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Development of new mutations in septoria populations in Denmark

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2009 2013 2015 2016 2017

D134G V136A V136C S524T

Year D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T

Denmark

2009 0% 8% 6% 42% 83% 0%

2013 18% 8% 3% 46% 88% 2%

2014 15% 22% 3% 35% 87% 3%

2015 21% 33% 4% 22% 93% 5%

2016 47% 57% 6% 18% 95% 9%

2017 61% 72% 3% 15% 98% 14%

Updated mutations in Norbarag 2017Year D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T

Denmark

2009 0% 8% 6% 42% 83% 0%

2013 18% 8% 2% 46% 88% 2%

2015 21% 33% 15% 22% 93% 5%

2016 47% 57% 6% 18% 95% 9%

2017 61% 72% 3% 15% 98% 14%

Sweden 2009 0% 19% 6% 42% 83% 0%

Sweden (South)

2013 19% 24% 0% 6% 5% 15%

2015 49% 58% 0% 19% 84% 11%

2016 49% 64% 5% 22% 91% 12%

2017 54% 67% 0% 20% 96% 9%

Sweden (Middel)

2013 2% 8% 0% 9% 90% 0%

2015 0% 15% 0% 15% 90% 3%

2016 3% 11% 6% 0% 96% 3%

2017 0% 8% 0% 28% 98% 0%

Norway 2016 55% 49% 5% 0% 97% 13%

2017 73% 91% 0% 9% 100% 14%

Finland 2017 0% 9% 0% 14% 97% < 1%

Lithuania 2016 2% 9% 21% 32% 100% 18%

2017 15% 20% 0% 22% 100% 5%

Latvia 2016 1% 8% 10% 10% 96% 2%

2017 67% 82% 0% 11% 100% < 1%

Estonia 2016 0% 15% 3% 10% 99% 5%

Data from pyrosequencing – provided by BASF

New CYP 51 mutations

Southern Sweden Middel Sweden

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

D134G V136A V136C S524T

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

D134G V136A V136C S524T

Development of new mutations in septoria populations in Denmark

Lokalitet D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T

Djursland Landboforening 100% 100% 0% 0% 80% 0%



Horsens 81% 81% 0% 45% 100% 45%

Kolding 66% 100% 0% 0% 100% 17%

Flakkebjerg - Hereford 25% 42% 21% 25% 93% 9%

Flakkebjerg - Cleveland 47% 65% 0% 27% 93% 15%

Flakkebjerg - Benchmark 69% 79% 0% 0% 98% 2%

Rønde 48% 80% 0% 20% 100% 52%

Sønderjylland 65% 79% 11% 0% 86% 25%

Lolland 61% 70% 0% 21% 96% 5%

Askov 53% 69% 0% 10% 93% 15%

Average 60% 74% 3% 16% 95% 18%

EuroWheat data from 2016 -2017CYP51-mutationes in Zymoseptoria tritici

S524T (2016) S524T (2017)

Kilde : Jørgensen et al 2017, Eurowheat

EuroWheat data from 2016 -2017CYP51-mutationes in Zymoseptoria tritici

V136A (2015) V136A (2017)

Kilde : Jørgensen et al 2017, Eurowheat

Mutations across Europe 2015/2016

Jørgensen et al 2017

Cross-resistance between azolesLink between EC50 values in different countries – eurowheat – 2015-16

R² = 0,001

-2,5

-2

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

LOG

EC

50

pro

thio

con

azo

le

LOG EC50 tebuconazole

tebuconazole versus prothioconazole

R² = 0,9377

-2,5

-2

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

-1,4 -1,2 -1 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2

LOG

EC

50

pro

thic

on

azo

le

LOG EC50 epoxiconazole

epoxiconazole versus prothioconazole

Jørgensen et al 2017

17329-1 Cleveland 1. july

2 x 0.4 Proline 2 x 0.75 Code 1 (Revysol)

untreated

Partners in EuroWheat-project –Previous Endure - Partners

11 trials 2017

http://members.niab.com/

http://www.adas.uk/

http://www.teagasc.ie/

http://www.jki.bund.de/en

%Control of STB on 2nd leaf -7 trials 2017

Clear benefit

Yield increase (dt/ha) in 5 trials (1,4,5,10,11)

dominated by septoria

Clear benefit

CYP51 mutation in eurowheat 2017

2017 Frequency of mutations (%)

Trial Country Location D134G V136A V136C A379G I381V S524T

1 Denmark Flakkebjerg 25 43 22 25 93 9

2 Scotland Cauldsheil 29 77 19 18 100 68

3 UK Cambridge 47 58 19 16 100 44

4 UK Weobley, Herefordshire 34 59 29 20 100 33

5 Poland Sosnicowice 19 33 23 0 93 8

6 Poland Winna Gora 39 32 35 41 98 5

7 France Bergerac 0 32 0 34 62 11

8 France Foreste 62 68 34 0 96 6

9 Germany Sickte NA NA NA NA NA NA

10 Germany Fraunberg 61 66 29 15 97 15

11 Ireland Knockbeg 40 92 0 15 97 81

Average 35.6 56.0 21.0 18.4 93.6 28.0

Data by BASF

Anti – resistant strategies 17328

51 % attack on flag leaves in untreated. GS 73-77Treated at GS 37 and 51-55

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

2 X 0.4 Proline

0,75 Viverda/ 0.5 Propulse

0.375 Bell + 0,25 Prosaro/0,5 Proline Xpert

0.5 Propulse/0,5 Proline Xpert

0,75 Viverda/ 0.5 Proline Xpert

0,75 Viverda/ 0.4 Armure

1.0 GF 3307/0.5 Proline Xpert

0,5 Elatus/0,5 Proline Xpert

% control of septoria - 2 trials 17328

Anti – resistant strategies 17328

11,35

18,35

19,4

21,25

21,65

22,8

23,05

27,15

6,15

11,25

14

15,35

14,35

16,7

16,15

19,85

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

2 X 0.4 PROLINE

0,75 VIVERDA/ 0.5 PROLINE XPERT

0.5 PROPULSE/0,5 PROLINE XPERT

0.375 BELL + 0,25 PROSARO/0,5 PROLINE XPERT

0,75 VIVERDA/ 0.5 PROPULSE

0,5 ELATUS ERA/0,5 PROLINE XPERT

0,75 VIVERDA/ 0.4 ARMURE

1.0 GF 3307/0.5 PROLINE XPERT

yield increase from different 2 spray solutions wheat 2017- 2 trials

netto udb

LSD = 7,0

Changes in CYP51 – mutationes with different controlstrategies – average of 9 field trials (DK, SW, Li)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

% C

YP

51

mu

tati

on

s

S524T

V136C

V136A

D134G

Kilde : European Journal of Plant Pathology, Thies Wieczorek et al 2014,




QoI G143A frequency

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

DK SWE NO FIN LA LT EST

2014 2015 2016 2017

Not all countries sampled in all years – still under development in the Baltics

= LT/LA?

Madrid Barcelona

Lissabon

London

Liverpool

Birmingham

Glasgow

Reykjavik

Dublin

MNE

RUS

BY

LT

EST

LV

UA

MD

RO

BG

TR

GR

MK

SRB

AL

BIH

HR

SLO

H

A

CZ

PL

SK

FIN

S

N

DK

IS

FO

NL

B

E

P

Paris

Bordeaux

Marseille

Berlin

Hamburg

Köln

Frankfurt

München

Izmir

Athen

Wien

Prag

Minsk

Sofia

St. Petersburg

Budapest

Kiew

Bukarest

Warschau

Brüssel

D

F

Rom

Mailand

Bern

Luxemburg

I

GB

L

IRL

CH

Amsterdam

Kopenhagen

Stockholm

Oslo

Helsinki

Tallin

Riga

Vilnius

Chișinău

Belgrad

Sarajevo

Zagreb

Ljubljana

Podgorica

Skopje

Tirana

SEPTTR QoI 2015 + 2016 G143A

>75%

>30-75%

>10-30%

>2-10%

0-2%resistant allele

Russia

Region Krasnodar:

Lipezk:

Jørgensen et al 2017Data from BASF

Lots of Ramularia leaf blotch




RCC – DMI situation 2016 (FRAC)

Field performance was regionally significantly affected.Isolates were detected showing significant loss of sensitivity. Relevant CYP51 mutations correlated with the effects are I325T, I328L and Y403C/Y405H.Broqd sensitivity range has been identified with very highfrequency of high resistant strains in Southern Germany, with moderate frequency in Denmark, Ireland, Belgium, Northwestern Germany, and low frequency detected in France, Austria, Sweden and the UK. No detection of resistance in Estonia.

Problems with resistanceIn Germany, Holland, UK, France, New Zealand.

3 french trials 2017Aviator gave 8% controlAviator + Daconil gave 88% control

6,8 hkg/ha in net yield for addingChlorothalonil to Aviator.




RCC DMI mutations 2017 Norden

Countrycyp51 sdhC

SitesI325T I328L H146R H153R

Denmark 81 73 11 7 27

Sweden 30 34 10 9 9

Norway - - 10 0 2

Finland 6 6 0 5 1

Latvia 59 49 16 7 2

Estland 56 51 18 8 8

England 98 90 61 14 3

Scotland 100 91 53 10 8

Northern Ireland 90 82 63 14 2

Ireland 100 100 40 6 1

Bulked leafsamples analysedusing qPCR by BAYER




RCC SDHI mutations 2017 Norbarag

Countrycyp51 sdhC

SitesI325T I328L H146R H153R

Denmark 81 73 11 7 27

Sweden 30 34 10 9 9

Norway - - 10 0 2

Finland 6 6 0 5 1

Latvia 59 49 16 7 2

Estland 56 51 18 8 8

England 98 90 61 14 3

Scotland 100 91 53 10 8

Northern Ireland 90 82 63 14 2

Ireland 100 100 40 6 1

Bulked leafsamples analysedusing qPCR by BAYER and Syngenta

Sample-Nr. H146R H153R I325T I328L

301 8 7 30 28

313 3 6 49 47

305 2 9 52 45

308 3 3 64 59

327 21 10 64 56

314 11 5 65 61

315 14 9 68 59

326 10 9 76 68

329 25 4 77 69

304 6 4 77 69

318 8 4 84 76

328 28 4 86 78

349 6 8 86 78

317 4 7 86 79

303 29 10 87 78

344 4 10 90 81

309 15 4 90 83

316 7 9 92 80

324 17 9 95 85

322 6 8 96 88

306 3 5 96 88

325 12 4 98 88

312 15 4 100 90

342 12 7 100 90

343 6 8 100 91

Danish ramularia resistance samples 2017




RCC resistance management?

2016:

Given that there already exist populations in Europe resistant to all main specific modes of action, it is recommended to add precautionary a multi-site to ensure robust disease control and an effective resistance management.




Cultivar resistance to ramularia in spring barley

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Scholar

KWS Cantton

Laureata

Odyssey

Dragoon

KWS Irina

Evergreen

RGT Planet

Laurikka

Cosmopolitan

Chanson

Flair

Crossway

Sorternes rangorden - ramularia

2015 2016 2017Tystoftefonden, obs data

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