Publications

New NMFS ScientificReports Published

fish Eimeriidae. In addition, a key wasdeveloped based on available morphologicdata to distinguish between similar species.Taxa are divided into two genera: Eimeria(27 species) which are tetrasporocystic withdizoic, nonbivalved sporocysts, andGoussia (3 species) which are tetra­porocystic with dizoic, bivalved sporocyststhat lack Stieda bodies and have sporocystwaIls composed of two longitudinal valves.

The publications listed below maybe obtained from either the Super­intendent of Documents, u.s.Government Printing Office, Wash­ington, D.C. 20402, or from the Na­tional Technical Information Service,5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,VA 22161. Writing to the agencyprior to ordering is advisable to deter­mine availability and price, where ap­propriate (prices may change andprepayment is required).

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 10Sindermann, Carl J. (editor). "Pro­ceedings of the Seventh U.S.-Japan

Decapod Crustaceans ofthe U.S. Atlantic Coast

"Shrimps, Lobsters, and Crabs ofthe Atlantic Coast of the EasternUoited States, Maine to Florida," byAustin B. Williams, has been pub­lished by the Smithsonian InstitutionPress, 955 L'Enfant Plaza, Suite 2100,Washington, DC 20560. The author iswith the NMFS SystematicsLaboratory at the National Museumof Natural History, Smithsonian In­stutition, Washington, DC 20560.

This new volume is a revised andextended version of the author's 1965report "Marine Decapod Crustaceansof the Carolinas," Fish. Bull.65(1): 1-298, which itself was a revi­sion of the first definitive handbookon marine decapod crustaceans ofsoutheastern North America byWilliam Perry Hay and Clarence A.Shore published in 1918 as "TheDecapod Crustaceans of Beaufort,N.C., and the Surrounding Region,"

47(1),1985

Meeting on Aquaculture, Marine Fin­fish Culture, Tokyo, Japan, October3-4, 1978." August 1984, 31 p. (6papers.)

NOAA Technical Report NMFS11. Upton, Steve J., David W.Reducker, William L. Current, andDonald W. Duszynski. "Taxonomyof North American fish Eimeriidae."August 1984, 18 p., 30 figs.

ABSTRACT

Taxonomic descriptions, line drawings,and references are given for the 30 namedand 5 unnamed species of North American

Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish, 35:369-475.This latest volume is a well il­

lustrated compilation of data on theidentification, distribution, lifehistory, and ecology of the decapodcrustaceans found along the continen­tal shelf of the eastern United States.Included is a discussion of the historyof decapod crustacean studies in theregion, classification of the group, itszoogeograhic relationships, details onstudy materials, and species accounts.

Altogether, 342 species are treated,with ranges from the heads ofestuaries to the 100-fathom (190 m)contours. Thus, no deep-sea orfreshwater species are included. Notesare given for 14 extralimital specieshaving doubtful position in theregional fauna.

The text begins with a general keyto the region's suborders, infraorders,sections, superfarnilies, and families.This is followed by family, subfamily,generic, and specific accounts. Addi­tional keys to categories below family

NOAA Technical Report NMFS12. Fay, Francis H., and Gennadii A.Fedoseev (editors). "Soviet-Americancooperative research on marine mam­mals. Volume 1-Pinnipeds." Sep­tember 1984, 104 p. (12 papers.)

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 13.Coe, James M., David B. Holts, andRichard W. Butler. "Guidelines forreducing porpoise mortality in tunapurse seining." September 1984,16 p.,20 figs., 4 tables.

ABSTRACT

More than a decade has passed since thepassage of the Marine Mammal ProtectionAct of 1972. During that time the U.S.tuna purse seine fleet reduced its incidental

are arranged through the text. Ex­cellent species accounts include ab­breviated synonymy, recognitioncharacters, measurements, ap­propriate figures, coloration, varia­tion (if any), habitat data, type­localities, known range, and remarks.Some of the "Remarks" are necesarilyvery brief, but many are quite exten­sive and provide fine summaries oflife history and ecological data. In­cluded are references to much of thecritical literature up to about 1980.

A number of these shrimps,lobsters, and crabs constitute some ofthe most valuable of the U.S.fisheries. Many others play importantroles in their marine environments,and continued studies of them andtheir ecological relationships are im­portant, and this book will serve as anexcellent and very valuable reference.Indexed, the 550-page hardboundvolume includes a glossary and isavailable from the publisher for$40.00.

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porpoise mortality rate more than ten fold.This was made possible through thedevelopment of gear and techniques aimedat reducing the frequency of many lowprobability events that contribute to thekill.

Porpoise are killed by becoming en­tangled or entrapped in folds and canopiesof the net and suffocating. The configura­tion of the net, both before and during thebackdown release procedure, is a majordeterminant of the number of porpoisekilled. Speedboats can be used to tow onthe corkline to prevent net collapse andalso to adjust the net configuration toreduce net canopies prior to backdown.Deepening a net can reduce the probabilityof porpoise being killed by prebackdown

The Scombridsof the World

The Scombridae comprise 15genera and 49 species of mostlyepipelagic marine fishes - mackerels,Spanish mackerels, bonitos, andtunas - which support very importantcommercial, recreational, and ar­tisanal fisheries throughout theworld's tropical and temperate waters.The family is divided into two sub­families, the Gasterochismatinae(with only one species, Gasterochismamelampus) and the Scombrinae. Thelatter is divided by internalosteological characters into twogroups of tribes: The more primitivemackerels (Scombrini) and Spanishmackerels (Scomberomorini), and thebonitos (Sardini) and the higher tribeThunnini.

Authors Bruce B. Collette and Cor­nelia E. Nauen have prepared theFAO's second worldwide speciescatalog, issued within the FAOFisheries Synopsis series as FIR/S125Vol. 2, ''Scombrids of the World,"subtitled "An Annotated and Il­lustrated Catalogue of Tunas,Mackerels, Bonitos, and RelatedSpecies to Date." The volume has anillustrated glossary of technical termsand measurements and the "Syste­matic Catalogue" presents an ex­cellent illustrated key to the generaand species of the Scombridae.Species information includes data on

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net collapse. The effects of environmentalconditions and mechanical failures on netconfiguration can result in high porpoisemortality unless mitigated by skilled vesselmaneuvers or prevented by the timely useof speedboats to adjust the net.

The backdown procedure is the onlymeans to effectively release captured por­poise from a purse seine. It is also the timeduring the set when most of the mortalityoccurs. The use of small mesh safetypanels and aprons in the backdown areasof nets reduces porpoise entanglement,and increases the probability of an effec­tive release. The tie-down points on the netfor preparing the backdown channel mustbe properly located in order to optimizeporpoise release. A formula uses the

scientific names and local names aswell as FAO names in English,French, and Spanish. Diagnosticfeatures are reported and illustratedas needed, geographic distribution isreported and mapped for eachspecies, size data is given, as well asfisheries and utilization data, and per­tinent literature citations. Extensiveinformation on each species' habitatand biology is also given.

The volume is very well written andillustrated and will be of great interestand use to biologists, researchers, andadministrators involved with scom­brids and their fisheries. The 137-pagepaperbound volume is indexed byscientific and international FAOnames and local names and containsan extensive bibliography. Species arealso listed by major FAO statisticalfishing area. The volume is availablefrom Unipub, 205 East 42nd St., NewYork, NY 10017 (price not listed).

AAAS Symposium onAquatic Ecosystems

"Trophic Interactions WithinAquatic Ecosystems," edited byDewey G. Meyers and J. RudiStrickler, has been published by theWestview Press, 5500 CentralAvenue, Boulder, CO 80301, asAAAS Selected Symposium 85. Thevolume is based on a symposium held

stretched depth of the net to calculate oneof these points, making it a simple matterto locate the other. Understanding thedynamics of the backdown procedure per­mits a thorough troubleshooting of per­formance, thus preventing the repetitionof poorly executed backdowns andthereby reducing mortality.

Porpoise that cannot be released mustbe rescued by hand. A rescuer in a rigidlyinflated raft can rescue porpoise effectivelyat any time during a net set. Hand rescuecan make the difference between aboveaverage kill and zero kill sets. In all cir­cumstances, the skill and motivation of thecaptain and his crew are the final deter­minants in the prevention of incidentalporpoise mortality in tuna seining.

at the 1981 AAAS National AnnualMeeting, 3-8 January 1981 in Toron­to, Ontario, Canada, and cospon­sored by AAAS Section G (Biology).

Briefly, 21 prominent ecologists ex­amine aquatic food chain interactionsin light of the structure and function­ing of aquatic ecosystems. In 14papers, they review relevant back­ground literature, present their ex­perimental findings, and predictsignificant areas of future research.The papers are presented in fourparts: Phytoplankton (resource sup­ply rates and phytoplankton com­munity structure; ecological implica­tions of patchiness in nutrient supply,and the impact of grazing andnutrient release on phytoplanktoncommunity structure). Zooplanktonpapers discuss calanoid copepod graz­ing on small and large particles,rotifer grazing rates and selectivity,copepod feeding mechanisms,cladoceran lipid reserves, andcopepod feeding and evolution. InPart 3, "Fish," is a moden analysis ofthe feeding ecology of the white crap­pie and an analysis of contemporarymodels of foraging efficiency,resource partitioning, competition,and evolutionary divergence. Thefinal section, "Community," providesa variety of views of food webdynamics in lake ecosystems. In­dexed, the 472-page hardboundvolume is available from the publisherfor $35.00.

Marine Fisheries Review

The Toxins Foundin Marine Foods

"Seafood Toxins," edited by Ed­ward P. Ragelis of the U.S. FDA, hasbeen published as ACS SymposiumSeries 262 by the American ChemicalSociety, 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W.,Washington, DC 20036. The volumeis based on a symposium sponsoredby the Division of Agricultural andFood Chemistry of the AmericanChemical Society at the ACS 186thMeeting, 28 August-2 September 1983in Washingon, D.C. The volume is anexcellent and up-to-date compilationof data and reviews on an importanttopic, since toxins can be a major im­pediment to the development of manymillions of dollars worth of latenthigh-quality fishery resources and canadversely affect literally tens ofthousands of people worldwide.

Important toxins covered in thevolume's 37 chapters include:Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP);tetrodotoxin (pufferfish) TTX;ciguatera, scombroid-related, andPtychodicus brevis toxins; diarrheticshellfish poison; and neurotoxins, en­dotoxins, and peptide toxinsassociated with blooms of certainstrains of blue-green algae (cyano­bacteria). Along with their reviewsand studies, the authors also identifyand recommend future epidemiol­ogical, toxicological, and chemicalresearch needs. Some chapters presentnew and previously unpublished data;others are a synthesis of existing in­formation.

The volume is divided into six sec­tions, the first an overview presentingexcellent reviews of U.S. marineresource development, especially as itmay be affected by marine toxins,paralytic shellfish poisoning,ciguatera poisoning, and a wide varie­ty of miscellaneous seafood toxicants.Alaska's shellfish industry, and risksand benefits of seafood, are alsodiscussed.

The second section on shellfish tox­ins, presents 12 papers on such issuesas diarrhetic shellfish poisoning,paralytic shellfish toxins and finfishtoxins in tropical waters, biosynthesis

47(1), 1985

of paralytic shellfish toxins, crypticparalytic shellfish toxins, a historicalperspective on paralytic shellfishpoison, taxonomic and biogeographicaspects of toxic dinoflagellates, andmore. Another eight papers then dealwith ciguatera toxins, two withtetrodotoxin, five with toxins fromred tide and cyanobacteria, and threewith aspects of scombroid fishpoisoning.

The volume thus consolidates thework of many recognized authoritiesin the field of seafood toxins, theirchemistry, origins, and geographicdistribution, pharmacological aspects,monitoring and detection methods,etc. Authoritiative and well written,the papers will be of considerable in­terest and use to scientists, phar­macologists, and others involved inseafood research and regulation. The460-page hardbound volume is in­dexed by subject and author, and isavailable from the publisher for$79.95 (U.S. and Canada) and $95.95elsewhere.

Ancient and ModernFish Harvest Methods

The third and greatly expanded edi­tion of "Fish Catching Methods of theWorld," by Andres von Brandt, hasbeen published by Fishing NewsBooks Ltd., 1 Long Garden Walk,Farnham, Surrey, England. It isalmost double the size of the original1964 edition, and the author discusseshow fishes can be caught, in thebroadest sense. Its 31 chapters reviewand thoroughly illustrate fish catchingmethods from stone age techniques tothe most modern gear and techniques,although much of it is devoted to anextensive review of essentially small­scale or artisanal fishing methods.

Following a brief introductorychapter, the author relates means ofhand gathering fishes; diving tech­niques of men and women; usingvarious animals such as horses, birds,porpoise, etc. to harvest fish; stupefy­ing fish; fishing with spear, harpoon,arrow, etc.; and the use of clamps,

tongs, rakes, and wrenching gear. Theauthor also reviews basic line fishingimplements; gear and methods of linefishing; sport fishing gear; fish attrac­tion methods including lures, lights,chemicals, etc.; gaffs, fish harrows,and jigs; natural and artificialshelters; mechanical traps and snares;fish trapping with permanent andtemporary barriers, traps, pots, etc.;and catching jumping fish.

Several chapters deal with a widevariety of nets and netting: Scoopnets, trawls and trawling, seines andseining, surround nets, lift nets, castnets, gillnets, entangling nets, makingnets, and much more. Another chap­ter discusses fishing rituals andreligious beliefs and another ispresented on fishing systems andharvesting machines. An appendixclassifies the various types of fishcatching methods, and the bibli­ography lists 690 literature citations.

Well illustrated with 733 drawingsand photographs, the 418-page hard­bound volume is an extensive andthorough review of global fish harvestmethods, and is available from thepublisher for £27.50.

"The Complete Book of SeafoodFishing" by Rob Avery has beenpublished by the Van NostrandReinhold Company, Inc., 135 West50th Street, New York, NY 10020.The author, a British freelance writer,has provided a very basic, but fairlythorough description of ways toharvest marine fish and shellfish andpreserve them. Though there is somematerial on commercial fishing for aliving, the book is more suited tocoastal residents or anglers who wantto harvest marine species for food orsport.

Thus the author provides basic dataon tides, where and how to find fishand shellfish, fish traps and trapping,angling from shore, nets and netting,fishing from small boats, basicseamanship, safety precautions, basicand more advanced small-boat fish­ing, making and mending nets, knots,safety precautions, processing andpreparing the catch, making fishmeal, seaweeds and their uses, andfish oils and other byproducts. In-

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dexed, the 162-page hardboundvolume is available from the publisherfor $16.95.

The Ecology of anEstuarine Ecosystem

"Ecology of Barnegat Bay, N.J.,"edited by Michael J. Kennish andRicahrd A. Lutz, has been publishedby Springer-Verlag, 175 FifthAvenue, New York, NY 10010. Ken­nish is with the Oyster Creek NuclearGenerating Station, Forked River,N.J., and Lutz is with RutgersUniversity, New Brunswick, N.J.

This monograph consists of 14chapters by 20 scientists fromacademia, industry, and governmentwho have conducted much of theBay's ecological research in the last 20years, largely in regard to the sitingand effects of the Oyster CreekNuclear Generating Station onBarnegat Bay, a shallow (1-6 m),lagoon-type New Jersey estuary.Many reports, published and un­published, have been written, and thisvolume, in short, defines theecological characteristics of the Bay,and provides an ecological data basefor future comparison studies and im­pact assessments, and will be of in­terest to other estuarine scientistsworking on problems of environmen­tal monitoring, trophic studies, andfisheries.

Chapter 1 discusses the Bay'shydrodynamics, geomorphology, andwater quality, while Chapter 2 detailsnutrient conditions of Barnegat Bayand other New Jersey coastal bays.The estuary's phytoplankton com­munity and its seasonal periodicitiesare examined in Chapter 3, whileChapter 4 describes the macroflora ofthe Bay. Chapter 5 provides a look ofthe Bay's zooplankton community,Chapter 6 reviews the benthic faunaof the Bay, and Chapter 7 describesthe shellfish populations of the Bay,and reviews life history studies of thehard clam and blue crab. Chapter 8reviews shipworms and their ecology,while Chapter 9 summarizes the foul­ing organisms of the Bay. Chapter 10defines the community structure,

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seasonal patterns, reproductivecharacteristics, and population trendsof bay fishes, while Chapter 11reviews the commercial and sportfisheries of Barnegat Bay. Chapter 12examines the complex interrelation­ships of the Bay's food web, and theeffects of dredging, waste disposal,and operation of the nuclear plant onthe bay's ecosystem are discussed inChapter 13.

Finally, Chapter 14 reviews andsummarizes the data in the first 13chapters. Extensive references aregiven with each chapter, while Appen­dix A presents a bibliography of un­published papers, theses, and govern­ment reports on the Bay, many ofwhich are not widely distributed, butwhich are on file in the library of theGPU Nuclear Corporation. The396-page paperbound volume is in­dexed by scientific name, author, andsubject, and is available from thepublisher for $34.00.

Mechanically-SeparatedFish Flesh Resources

The second and expanded editionof "An Annotated Bibliography onMechanicaUy-Separated Finfish andCrustacea Meats," compiled by FrankB. Thomas, Joyce A. Taylor, andFreda A. Ramey, has been publishedas UNC Sea Grant Publication 84-02by the University of North CarolinaSea Grant College, P.O. Drawer1137, Morehead City, NC 28557, incooperation with the Alaska FisheriesDevelopment Foundation, Inc.

There have been many newdevelopments since the first editionwas published in 1977, and surimiproducts are being commercially pro­duced on several continents. Thus, thecompilers made an extensive review ofthe literature (with particular em­phasis on established publications,trade journals, and selected tech­nological conferences) and their an­notated bibliography is a ready sourceof information for scientists,students, and others interested in thisaspect of fisheries utilization.Reference to patents are also in-

cluded, and the publication is a handyguide to the recent literature and sum­mary of the state of the art. It includes135 pages of annotated citations, 4pages of patents, a subject index bycategory (Le., raw materials andresources, applications, nutritivevalue, etc.). It also lists severalselected reference books and pro­ceedings, meetings and symposiums,and abstracts and indexes. The170-page paperbound volume isavailable from the publisher for$4.00.

Packaging and ShippingFish and Seafood Products

The "Proceedings of the First Na­tional Conference on SeafoodPackaging and Shipping," edited byRoy E. Martin, Vice President,Science and Technology, NationalFisheries Institute, 2000 M Street,N.W., Suite 580, Washington, DC20036, has been published by the In­stitute. The conference, held 15-17November and 7-9 December 1982 inWashington, D.C., and Seattle,Wash., respectively, was jointly spon­sored by the NFl, the NationalMarine Fisheries Service, and theUniversities of Alaska and Wash­ington.

In sum, the volume is an excellentreview of current research anddevelopment activities and recenttechnological advances in packaging,shipping, and extending the quality ofseafoods. Conference sessions weredevoted to modern and futuretransportation methods, packaging,handling, and shipping of seafoods,shipping containers, air transporta­tion, controlled and modified at­mosphere packaging, new techniquesfor fish distribution and regulatoryconcerns. In the final section, NFl hasreprinted a series of pertinenttechnical articles and guidelines onuse of modified atmospheres, vacuumpackaging, airline shipping re­quirements/procedures or policies,containers for seafoods, and more.The 599-page paperbound volume isavailable from the NFl (no pricelisted).

Marine Fisheries Review

'GPO 593 - 037 (1985)