Mobile Communication

Contents

1. History2. Benefits/uses, applications3. Mobile carriers, operators & manufacturers4. Future evolution5. Environmental & Human imapct6. Conflict minerals7. Other points

History

• An accurate prediction was presented by Arthur C. Clarke in 1959 essay, He wrote: "the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number."

• First handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by Motorola in 1973.

• 2G tech. launched in 1991 in Finland

Arthur C. Clarke

Benifits

• Mini PC• Enhance your

business• Transfer of data• Entertainment• Stay connected

anytime anywhere

Uses

• Send SMS• Alarm clock• Web browsing• Voice calls• Music• Email• Social network• Calculator• Digital map• Mobile games

Text Messaging

• The most commonly used application.• The first sms text message was sent from a

computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the U.K.

• The first person-to-person sms from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.

Sim Card

• SIM is known as Subscriber Identity Module.

• GSM feature phones require a small microchip called as SIM card to function.

• The SIM card allows user to change phones by simply removing the card & inserting it into another mobile phone.

• It is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit.

Mobile Phone Operators

Manufacturers

• Prior to 2010 , Nokia was the market leader.

• In 2012, based on stratergy analytics, Samsung supressed Nokia, selling 93.3 million units.

Manufacturers

• The top five worldwide mobile phone vendors are

• 1) Samsung• 2) Nokia• 3) Apple• 4) LG• 5) ZTE

Mobile Banking & Payments

• In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide mobile banking service.

• This includes the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text messages.

• Cash may be deposited or withdrawn from M-PESA accounts at retail outlets located throught the country.

Tracking & Privacy

• Mobile phones are also commonly used to collect location data.

• The geographic location of a mobile phone can be determined easily by a tech. known as “multilateration” to calculate the diff. in time for a signal to travel from the cell phone to each of several cell towers near the owner of the phone.

• The movements of a user can be tracked by their service provider.

Future Evolution

• 5G is a tech. used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the 4G standards.

• 5G is not officially used for any specification or official document yet made public by telecommuinication companies or standardization bodies such as 3G.

Future Evolution

Environmental Impact

• Studies have shown that around 40-50% of the environmental impact occures during the manufacturing of the printed wiring boards & IC’s.

• The average user replaces their phone every 11 to 18 months.

• The discarded phones then contribute to electronic waste.

Impact On Human Health

Conflict Minerals

• Demand for metals found in mobile phone is fuelling the Congo Civil War.

• The war claimed almost 5.5 million lives.

• For the last 15 years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been a major source of natural resources for the mobile phone industry.

Conflict Minerals

Conflict Minerals

• In a 2012 news story the Guardian reported , “In unsafe mines deep underground in eastern Congo. children's are working to extract minerals essential for the electronic industry. The profits from the bloodiest conflict since the second world war”.

• Fair phone is an attempt to develop a mobile phone which does not contains conflict minerals

Some Other Points Related To Mobile

1) Games2) Data communication3) Types4) Features5) Misuses6) Working7) Versions8) Operating systems

Some Other Points Related To Mobile

9) Internal circuit10) Capacity11) Processor12) Battery13) Hardware14) Wi-Fi15) Economy16) Bad effects

Some Other Points Related To Mobile

17) Screen resolution18) Size & shape19) Replacement to mobile20) Video calling21) Nano tech.22) Employment generation23) Parts24) Repair of mobile

Some Other Points Related To Mobile

25) Training of mobile operation26) Antenna27) Literature28) Monthly cost of communication29) Mobile & rural development30) New experiments31) Ads on mobile32) Types of communication

Some Other Points Related To Mobile

33) Bands of mobile communication34) Battery charger35) Battery life36) Anti-theft protection37) Waterproofing tech.38) Uses in India & world39) Disadvantages

Thank You…..!!!!

Presented by :- NIKHILESH VAIDYA

T. Y.

INSTRUMENTATION S.G.G.S.

NANDED.

THE END