Miracle Earth

8/14/2019 Miracle Earth

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Miracle Planet Earth

By Wasif-ul-Aziz


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AgendaEarth

Shape of EarthDistance Between Earth and SunDiameter of EarthGeological Layers of earthHeatSurface of EarthAtmosphereMagnetic FieldOrbit and rotation.Axial tilt and seasonsNatural and environmental hazards


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Earth

The earth is a planet full of life.There is a most harmonious balanceof life in the sky, on the land and inthe seas. Millions of animals,plants, insects and sea creatures,all with different structures, coloursand features, live together on this

special planet.


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Shape of Earth

The shape of the Earth is very closeto that of an oblate spheroid.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg


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Distance Between Earth and Sun

92,935,700 miles

OR

1 AU (Astronomical Unit) =1.495978706 x 10^11 meters.


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Diameter of Earth

The diameter of the earth at the equator is7,926.41 miles (12,756.32 kilometers). But,if you measure the earth through the polesthe diameter is a bit shorter - 7,901 miles

(12,715.43 km). Thus the earth is a bitwider (25 miles / 41 km) than it is tall,

giving it a slight bulge at the equator.


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Geologic layers of the Earth

Earth cutaway from core to

exosphere. Not to scale.

Depth

km

Component Layer Density

g/cm3

060 Lithosphere

035 ... Crust 2.22.9

3560 ... Upper mantle 3.44.4

352890 Mantle 3.45.6

100700 ... Asthenosphere

28905100 Outer core 9.912.2

51006378 Inner core 12.813.1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg


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Heat

Earth's internal heat comes from acombination of:

Residual Heat from planetary accretion(about 20%).

heat produced through radio activedecay (80%).

The major heat-producing isotopes inthe Earth are potassium, uranium, andthorium.


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Surface of Earth

The Earth's terrain varies greatly fromplace to place. About 70.8%of thesurface is covered by water, with muchof the continental shelf below sea level.The submerged surface hasmountainous features, including a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridges system, aswell as undersea volcanoes, oceanic

trenches, oceanicplateaus. Theremaining 29.2% not covered by waterconsists of mountains, deserts, plains,plateaus, and other geomorphologies.


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Atmosphere

The atmospheric pressure on the surface of the Earthaverages 101.325 kPa, with a scale height of about8.5 km.

78% nitrogen

21% oxygen The remaining 1 percent consists of argon and small

amounts of other gases. The atmosphere also contains water vapor, carbon

dioxide, water droplets, dust particles, and small

amounts of many other chemicals released byvolcanoes, fires, living things, and human activities.


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Magnetic Field he earths magnetic field is shaped

roughly as a magnetic dipole, with thepoles currently located proximate tothe planet's geographic poles

According to dynamo theory, the fieldis generated within the molten outercore region where heat createsconvection motions of conducting

materials, generating electric currents.These in turn produce the Earth'smagnetic field. The convectionmovements in the core are chaotic innature, and periodically changealignment. This results in fields revealat irregular intervals averaging a fewtimes every million years. The mostrecent reversal occurredapproximately 700,000 years ago.


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Orbit and rotation

The distance around Earth's orbit is 584 million miles(940 million kilometers). Earth travels in its orbit at66,700 miles (107,000 kilometers) an hour, or 18.5miles (30 kilometers) a second. Earth's orbit lies on

an imaginary flat surface around the sun called theorbital plane. Earth takes 24 hours to spin completely around on its

axis so that the sun is in the same place in the sky.This period is called a solar day.

It only takes 23 hours 56 minutes 4.09 seconds forEarth to spin once.

Earth takes 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 9.54 secondsto circle the sun.


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Axial tilt and seasons

Because of the axial tilt of the Earth, the amount of sunlightreaching any given point on the surface varies over thecourse of the year. This results in seasonal change in climate,with summer in the northern hemisphere occurring when theNorth Pole is pointing toward the Sun, and winter taking placewhen the pole is pointed away. During the summer, the daylasts longer and the Sun climbs higher in the sky. In winter,the climate becomes generally cooler and the days shorter .


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Natural resources and land use

The Earth provides resources that are exploitable by humans for usefulpurposes. Some of these are non-renewable resources, such asmineral fuels, that are difficult to replenish on a short time scale.

Large deposits offossil fuels are obtained from the Earth's crust,consisting ofcoal, petroleum, natural gas and methaneclathrate. Thesedeposits are used by humans both for energy production and asfeedstock for chemical production. Mineral ore bodies have also beenformed in Earth's crust through a process ofOre genesis, resulting fromactions oferosion and plate tectonics.[132] These bodies formconcentrated sources for many metals and other useful elements.

The Earth's biosphere produces many useful biological products forhumans, including (but far from limited to) food, wood, pharmaceuticals,oxygen, and the recycling of many organic wastes. The land-basedecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanicecosystem depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from theland.[133] Humans also live on the land by using building materials toconstruct shelters

N t l d i t l
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_genesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_genesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resources


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Natural and environmental

hazards

Large areas are subject to extreme weather such as tropicalcyclones, hurricanes, or typhoons that dominate life inthose areas. Many places are subject to earthquakes,landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes,sinkholes, blizzards, floods, droughts, and other calamitiesand disasters.

Many localized areas are subject to human-made pollutionof the air and water, acid rain and toxic substances, loss ofvegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), lossofwildlife, species extinction, soil degradation, soildepletion, erosion, and introduction ofinvasive species.

A scientific consensus exists linking human activities to

global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting ofglaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges,significant changes in weather conditions and aglobal rise in average sea levels.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgrazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soils_retrogression_and_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_risehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_risehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soils_retrogression_and_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgrazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone


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End of Presentation

Miracle Earth

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