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Miracle Planet Earth
By Wasif-ul-Aziz
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AgendaEarth
Shape of EarthDistance Between Earth and SunDiameter of EarthGeological Layers of earthHeatSurface of EarthAtmosphereMagnetic FieldOrbit and rotation.Axial tilt and seasonsNatural and environmental hazards
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Earth
The earth is a planet full of life.There is a most harmonious balanceof life in the sky, on the land and inthe seas. Millions of animals,plants, insects and sea creatures,all with different structures, coloursand features, live together on this
special planet.
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Shape of Earth
The shape of the Earth is very closeto that of an oblate spheroid.
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Distance Between Earth and Sun
92,935,700 miles
OR
1 AU (Astronomical Unit) =1.495978706 x 10^11 meters.
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Diameter of Earth
The diameter of the earth at the equator is7,926.41 miles (12,756.32 kilometers). But,if you measure the earth through the polesthe diameter is a bit shorter - 7,901 miles
(12,715.43 km). Thus the earth is a bitwider (25 miles / 41 km) than it is tall,
giving it a slight bulge at the equator.
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Geologic layers of the Earth
Earth cutaway from core to
exosphere. Not to scale.
Depth
km
Component Layer Density
g/cm3
060 Lithosphere
035 ... Crust 2.22.9
3560 ... Upper mantle 3.44.4
352890 Mantle 3.45.6
100700 ... Asthenosphere
28905100 Outer core 9.912.2
51006378 Inner core 12.813.1
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Heat
Earth's internal heat comes from acombination of:
Residual Heat from planetary accretion(about 20%).
heat produced through radio activedecay (80%).
The major heat-producing isotopes inthe Earth are potassium, uranium, andthorium.
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Surface of Earth
The Earth's terrain varies greatly fromplace to place. About 70.8%of thesurface is covered by water, with muchof the continental shelf below sea level.The submerged surface hasmountainous features, including a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridges system, aswell as undersea volcanoes, oceanic
trenches, oceanicplateaus. Theremaining 29.2% not covered by waterconsists of mountains, deserts, plains,plateaus, and other geomorphologies.
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Atmosphere
The atmospheric pressure on the surface of the Earthaverages 101.325 kPa, with a scale height of about8.5 km.
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen The remaining 1 percent consists of argon and small
amounts of other gases. The atmosphere also contains water vapor, carbon
dioxide, water droplets, dust particles, and small
amounts of many other chemicals released byvolcanoes, fires, living things, and human activities.
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Magnetic Field he earths magnetic field is shaped
roughly as a magnetic dipole, with thepoles currently located proximate tothe planet's geographic poles
According to dynamo theory, the fieldis generated within the molten outercore region where heat createsconvection motions of conducting
materials, generating electric currents.These in turn produce the Earth'smagnetic field. The convectionmovements in the core are chaotic innature, and periodically changealignment. This results in fields revealat irregular intervals averaging a fewtimes every million years. The mostrecent reversal occurredapproximately 700,000 years ago.
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Orbit and rotation
The distance around Earth's orbit is 584 million miles(940 million kilometers). Earth travels in its orbit at66,700 miles (107,000 kilometers) an hour, or 18.5miles (30 kilometers) a second. Earth's orbit lies on
an imaginary flat surface around the sun called theorbital plane. Earth takes 24 hours to spin completely around on its
axis so that the sun is in the same place in the sky.This period is called a solar day.
It only takes 23 hours 56 minutes 4.09 seconds forEarth to spin once.
Earth takes 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 9.54 secondsto circle the sun.
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Axial tilt and seasons
Because of the axial tilt of the Earth, the amount of sunlightreaching any given point on the surface varies over thecourse of the year. This results in seasonal change in climate,with summer in the northern hemisphere occurring when theNorth Pole is pointing toward the Sun, and winter taking placewhen the pole is pointed away. During the summer, the daylasts longer and the Sun climbs higher in the sky. In winter,the climate becomes generally cooler and the days shorter .
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Natural resources and land use
The Earth provides resources that are exploitable by humans for usefulpurposes. Some of these are non-renewable resources, such asmineral fuels, that are difficult to replenish on a short time scale.
Large deposits offossil fuels are obtained from the Earth's crust,consisting ofcoal, petroleum, natural gas and methaneclathrate. Thesedeposits are used by humans both for energy production and asfeedstock for chemical production. Mineral ore bodies have also beenformed in Earth's crust through a process ofOre genesis, resulting fromactions oferosion and plate tectonics.[132] These bodies formconcentrated sources for many metals and other useful elements.
The Earth's biosphere produces many useful biological products forhumans, including (but far from limited to) food, wood, pharmaceuticals,oxygen, and the recycling of many organic wastes. The land-basedecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanicecosystem depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from theland.[133] Humans also live on the land by using building materials toconstruct shelters
N t l d i t l
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_genesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore_genesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resources8/14/2019 Miracle Earth
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Natural and environmental
hazards
Large areas are subject to extreme weather such as tropicalcyclones, hurricanes, or typhoons that dominate life inthose areas. Many places are subject to earthquakes,landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes,sinkholes, blizzards, floods, droughts, and other calamitiesand disasters.
Many localized areas are subject to human-made pollutionof the air and water, acid rain and toxic substances, loss ofvegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), lossofwildlife, species extinction, soil degradation, soildepletion, erosion, and introduction ofinvasive species.
A scientific consensus exists linking human activities to
global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting ofglaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges,significant changes in weather conditions and aglobal rise in average sea levels.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgrazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soils_retrogression_and_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_risehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_risehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soils_retrogression_and_degradationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgrazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkholehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone8/14/2019 Miracle Earth
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End of Presentation
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