Amalina Aminuddin 082012100067

Ultrasonography

Applications

Obstetric GynecologyAbdomenNeck

CONTENTS

OBSTERTRIC

Gestational sac-5 weeks Mean Sac Diameter: 2-3 mm

Yolk sac -5 weeks Circular anechoic

structure within gestational sac, but outside the amniotic membrane

Fetal pole and cardiac activity -6weeks Thickening on the margin of

the yolk sac . Cardiac activity detected when

 fetal pole measures ≥7 mm. Location and number of fetus

1.CONFIRMATION OF PREGNANCY

• In first trimester :•Miscarriage • Blighted ovum

•  Molar pregnancy• Snowstorm appearance

Ectopic pregnancy• Absence of intrauterine

pregnancy with positive pregnancy test• Adnexal mass separated from

the ovary

2. VAGINAL BLEEDING IN PREGNANCY

• In second and third trimester :• Placenta previa • Placenta abruptio

2. VAGINAL BLEEDING IN PREGNANCY

The Crown-rump length  6-13 weeks gestational age

Femur length ,biparietal diameter, head circumference and abdominal circumference  Shepard’s formula Hadlock’s formula

3.GESTATIONAL AGE AND FETAL WEIGHT

Before 20 weeks

4. FETAL MALFORMATION DETECTION

Polyhydramnios AFI >24 cmLargest vertical pocket >8cm

Oligohydramnios AFI <5cmLargest vertical pocket <2cm

5. AMNIOTIC FLUID ASSESSMENT

GYNECOLOGY

To assess pelvic organs,To diagnose and manage

gynecologic problems including endometriosis, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts and lesions,

To diagnose gynecologic cancer

GYNECOLOGICAL USES

ABDOMEN

Abdominal ultrasound imaging is performed to evaluate the: Kidneys Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen Abdominal aorta and other blood

vessels of the abdomenCan be diagnostic or therapeutic

ABDOMINAL USG

NECK

Indications for head and neck ultrasound examinations : Salivary glands; Lymph nodes; Congenital lesions; Miscellaneous mass lesions; Infection and trauma; Endocrine

HEAD AND NECK USG

DC Dutta Textbook of obstetricshttp://www.aium.org/resources/guidelines/

headneck.pdfwww.ob-ultrasound.nethttp://www.radiologyassistant.nlhttp://radiopaedia.org

REFERENCE