Medicinal Plant Use for Biodiversity Conservation: …...Medicinal Plant Use for Biodiversity...
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Medicinal Plant Use for Biodiversity Conservation: From Tradition to Modern Application Muganza, M. 1,2 , Mato 2,3 , B., Bikandu 2 , B., Lassa 2 , T., Lukoki 3 , F., & B. Fruth 1 1 Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D 2 Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, DRC 3 University of Kinshasa, Dept. of Biology, Kinshasa, DRC
Transcript of Medicinal Plant Use for Biodiversity Conservation: …...Medicinal Plant Use for Biodiversity...
Medicinal Plant Use for Biodiversity Conservation: From Tradition to Modern
Application
Muganza, M.1,2, Mato2,3, B., Bikandu2, B., Lassa2, T., Lukoki3, F.,& B. Fruth1
1Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D2Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, DRC
3University of Kinshasa, Dept. of Biology, Kinshasa, DRC
Methods:study area / data collection
Results:1) Nkundo medicinal plants/ ethnobotany
plant useskin plants / exampleschoice / availability / conservation / application
2) Interior vs. KinshasaKinshasa medicinal plantssustainabilitychoice / availability / conservation / application
Discussion:From tradition to modern applicationPotential vs. constraints
Lompole - Lui Kotale - Salonga National Park
Taxonomy
> 6600 specimens
> 104 families
> 411 genera
> 880 species
549 vernacularly known taxa
Interviews with men & women (N=54)
7 villages
1204 Questionnaires
69% of known plants used
Ethnobotany
PhytochemicalDocumentation
> 300 drug-samples in Kinshasa
> 60 TLCs
> 99 HPLC-MS screenings
NKUNDO plant use by gender (N=381 species)
39.4%both
29.1% 31.5%
women only men only
3 8 919
2632 32
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species) COS Cosmetics
HYG HygieneOTH OtherMAG MagicBF FirewoodCON ConstructionNUT NutritionMED Medicinal
8 919
2632 32
60
30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
3 80
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
3 8 90
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
3 8 919
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
3 8 919
26
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
© J.Barske
3 8 919
2632
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
3 8 919
2632 32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
3 8 919
2632 32
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
COS HYG OTH MAG BF CON NUT MED
%
NKUNDO plant use(N=381 species)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
genitalskin
infectiousdigestive
magicosteal-
cardio-vascularearsSTD
diversnervous
eyesrespiratory
poison/antidoturinary
% medicinal plants
NKUNDO medicinal plants: areas of application (N=227 species)
aphrodisiaca, sexual hygiene
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
genitalskin
infectiousdigestive
magicosteal-
cardio-vascularearsSTD
diversnervous
eyesrespiratory
poison/antidoturinary
% medicinal plants
NKUNDO medicinal plants: areas of application (N=227 species)
© JM Clajot
TraumataParasitesInfectionsMycosisBurns . . .
© MSF
Skin problems treated by 70 plant species(N=100 applications)
traum
ata
absc
esse
s
scab
ies
onyc
hia
burn
s
myc
osis
aller
gies
ulce
rs
ecze
ma
acne
para
sites
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
%
Mammea africana (Clusiaceae)
Mammea africana (Clusiaceae)
StembarkDecoction / MacerationPowder
TraumataEczemaScabiesMycosisBurns
Mammea africana: TLC,HPLC-MS & UV chromatograms
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Mimosaceae)
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Mimosaceae)
FruitPound & mixed with palm oilDecoction
MycosisAllergies
Tetrapleura tetraptera: HPLC-MS & UV chromatograms
UV
M+H+
M-H-
Morinda morindoides (Rubiaceae)
Morinda morindoides (Rubiaceae)
LeavesDecoctionBath
ScabiesTraumata
Morinda morindoides : HPLC-MS & UV chromatograms
UV
M+H+
M-H-
Bacteriology / Toxicology
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00stem density / ha
# of s
pecie
sAvailability of skin plants (N= 41 species )
Trees◄ ►Shrubs, Lianas
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
MDflowers
fruitleaves
exudatebark
roots
% skin plant species
Plant parts used for treatment of skin problems (N= 70 plant species )
56%
44%
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00
rootsbark
leavesfruit
flowersMD
stem density / ha
Availability of skin plants by plant part used(N= 41 species )
unharvested fresh cut after 2 years
Sustainability
Cryptic Diversity
0 20 40 60 80 100
leaves
bark
fruit
% species (N=60)
Alk
aloi
d co
nten
t in
absent present variable
Galenics
Availability & Price
Provenance
Traditional knowledge
17 markets
Kinshasa‘s Markets
Bikandu Kapesa Lassa Kanda
MasinaMateteLiberté
BumbuLibération
Ngiri Ngiri
N‘DjiliNgandu
Maba Ndjili Q6Ndjili Q7
Kimbanseke
Maluku
NgaliemaDjelo binza
Kitambo
GombeCentral
KasavubuGambelaMarimba Limete
MateteZone 6
LembaMbanza Lemba
NgabaMakala
Bagata
Banda-lungwu
Kinsenso
N‘seleSelembao
N‘sele
Maluku
Mont Ngafula
17 Markets of Kinshasa
Interviews with vendors (N=117)
73% women / 27% men
Average age 40 years (SD: 12.94; range:15-80)
44% trad. healers / 56% vendors only
4 DRC-Provinces & Angola
Kinshasa‘s Markets
178 plant (ethno) species
132 species
Overlap with SNP: 35% (on species level)
Kinshasa‘s Markets
% fu
nctio
n of p
lant
sellin
g peo
ple /
origi
n (N
=117
)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
Kinshas
aBas-
Congo
Angola
Bandundu
Equateu
rKata
nga
HealerVendor
% fu
nctio
n of p
lant
sellin
g peo
ple /
origi
n (N
=117
)
% pl
ants
/ orig
in (N
=132
)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
Kinshas
aBas-
Congo
Angola
Bandundu
Equateu
rKata
nga
HealerVendor
0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.70
Kinshas
aBas-
Congo
Angola
Bandundu
Equateu
rKata
nga
plants
0
20
40
60
80
100
Kinshas
aBas-
Congo
Bandund
uEqua
teur
% sp
ecies
savannahfallowforest (sec)forest (prim)cultivated
Habitat types
Habitat types according to provenance
KINSHASA medicinal plants: areas of application (N=98 species)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
digestivegenital
osteal-articulatecardio-vascular
infectiousdivers
skinrespiratory
magicnervous
STDurinary
earseyes
poison/antidote
% medicinal plants
0102030405060
genit
alsk
ininfec
tious
diges
tive
magic
ostea
l-artic
ulate
cardi
o-vasc
ular
ears
STDdiv
ersne
rvous
eyes
respir
atory
poiso
n/anti
dote
urina
ry
% m
edic
inal
pla
nts
Interior (N=227)Kinshasa (N=98)
Areas of application: Interior vs. Kinshasa
KINSHASA medicinal plants: areas of application (N=98 species)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
digestivegenital
osteal-articulatecardio-vascular
infectiousdivers
skinrespiratory
magicnervous
STDurinary
earseyes
poison/antidote
% medicinal plants
Lianas26%
Trees43%
Herbs14%
Shrubs17%
Skin plant species
Shrubs37%
Lianas5%
Trees26%Herbs
32%
Interior (Nkundo-plants N=70) Urban area (Kinshasa plants N=19)
Summary
• 227 medicinal plant species (60%)• 70 species used for skin problems• Extracts: mostly lipophil, with
antioxidants• Species availability: 39% < 1 Ind/ha;
44% 1-10 Ind/ha• Plant parts used: 56% use roots or
bark; 44% leaves/fruit
• 132 medicinal plant species • 19 species used for skin problems • Extracts: to be done
• Species availability:
• Plant parts used:
Interior (Nkundo) Urban area (Kinshasa)
Quality: Great potentialQuantity: most species rarePotential for sustainability: careful evaluation needed
From tradition to modern application
Potential for CBD:• conserve biodiversity• sustainable use• local benefits
Scale: local, national, global?Vision: controlled harvesting & cultivation
AcknowledgementsUNIKIN JP Habari
C Lubini L Lukebakio F Lukoki D Musibono K Taba
BMBF DLR MPI EVAN
G Hohmann
INRB
M Tamfum S Karhemere
Germ
any (
D)
SCHWABE K Schötz
Dem
ocra
tic R
epub
lic o
f Con
go
(DRC
)
ICCN
Direction Générale N Bondjengo G Kitengie
Belg
ium
(B
)
ULB J Lejoly
