BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION & CONSERVATION

BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION & CONSERVATION

By

Baneen HaiderBS-V

Defence Authority College of Business

What is Biodiversity?

The variability among millions of species of plants, animals and microorganisms; the gene they contain; and the intricate ecosystem they help build into the living environment.

2Baneen Haider | 2010 | DACB

Levels of Biodiversity

1. Genetic Diversity2. Species Diversity3. Community and Ecosystem Diversity


Threats to Biodiversity

• Habitat Loss and Degradation• Habitat Fragmentation• Poaching of Wildlife: Commercial Hunting• Introduction of Exotic (Alien) species• Over-exploitation of Bio-resources• Pollution and Disturbances• Diseases• Genetic Assimilation• Other Factors 4Baneen Haider | 2010 | DACB

Endemic Species

• Endemic species are those species which remain confined only to a particular locality. Such species are very important from the point of view of conservation strategy because their disappearnce means extinction of these species as they are not found elsewhere.

• Isolated mountain tops, valleys and large oceanic islands are usually areas of endemism.

• The endemic species and the habitats which are likely to be lost forever should be given top priority for conservation. Once lost, there is no way to recover them. 5Baneen Haider | 2010 | DACB

Endangered Species

• Endangered species are those species which have very low population and are in considerable danger of extinction.

• IUCN has estimated that at least 25,000 plant species, including lower plants such as mosses, liverworts, fungi, lichens and seaweeds, are endangered due to habitat deterioration, clearance, uprooting and construction.


Species Extinction

• Natural Extinction• Mass Extinction• Anthropogenic Extinction


IUCN

• International Union for Conservation of nature & Natural Resources

• Established in 1948, headquarters in Switzerland.

• Now known as WCU (World Conservation Union)


WWF

• Previously known as World Wildlife Fund• Now called Worldwide Fund for Nature• Announced 10 Most Wanted species (2004)

based on threats from sustainable trade and Consumer Demand of


TIGERS


ASIAN ELEPHANT


ASIAN YEW

TREES


PIG-NOSED TURTLE


YELLOW-CRESTED

COCKATOOS


IRRAWADY DOLPHIN


GREAT WHITE

SHARKS


LEAF-TAILED GECKO


HUMPHEAD WRASSE


RAMIN


Biodiversity Conservation

Biodiversity Conservation refers to the efforts to maintain or enhance biodiversity involving

protection, uplifting and scientific management at its optimum level in order to derive sustainable benefits for the present as

well as for the future.


Biodiversity Conservation (Contd.)

Why should we be concerned?Our ethics recall us that we should not deprive our

future generations from economic and aesthetic benefits that can be derived from biodiversity. It is our moral duty to look after our planet and pass it

on to our future generation in a good health.


Biodiversity Conservation (Contd.)

There are two approaches:1. In Situ (on site) conservation2. Ex Situ (off site) conservation


In Situ Conservation

• Preservation and Protection of Ecosystems at their Original or Natural Environment.

• The main objective is to recognize a particular biodiversity rich area and to preserve it so that biodiversity can continue to flourish and evolve.

• This method maintains all organisms at different tropic levels from producers to top consumers such as carnivores.

• In situ conservation requires only elimination of factors detrimental to the existence of the species and allow the large number of species to grow simultaneously and flourish in their natural environment in which they were growing since a long time.


In Situ Conservation (Contd.)

Involves the conservation of:• National Parks • Sanctuaries• Biosphere Reserves• Reserve Forests


Ex Situ Conservation

• Involves cultivation of plants and rearing of animals outside their natural habitats.

• In this habitat, conservation of specific species is done as a sample of genetic diversity, particularly of endangered species of plants and animals, under human care.


Ex Situ Conservation (Contd.)

It involves the conservation of:• Botanical Gardens• Zoological Parks (Zoos)• Aquariums


Conservation Vs. Preservation

• The aim of conservation is to manage or regulate use so that it does not exceed the capacity of the species or system to renew itself.

• The objective of preservation of species and ecosystems is to ensure their continuity, regardless of their potential utility.


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BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION & CONSERVATION

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