1.0 Introduction

2.0 Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)

3.0 Biodiversity Conservation

4.0 Issues and Challenges

5.0 Conclusion

ADONG BIN KUWAU

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONOUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

1.0 INTRODUCTION1.0 INTRODUCTION

• Malaysia - the highest percentage of forested land among developing countries.

• Estimated forested land in PM (2008) - 5.88 million ha or 45% of the total land area.

• Of the total forested land, 4.80 million ha - Permanent Reserved Forests (PRFs) - National Forestry Act 1984.

• PRFs managed - Sustainable Forest Management (SFM).

• Natural forests of PM are classified into three major forest types:-

i. Mangroves

ii. Peat Swamp

iii.Dry Inland

MangrovesCoastal Vegetations

Freshwater/peatswamp

Lowland dipterocarp

Hill dipterocarp

Upper dipterocarp

Lower Montane

300 m

750 m

1,200 m

1,500 m

Upper Montane

Mangrove Peat Swamp Dry Inland

Major Forest TypesMajor Forest Types

Distribution and extent of major forest types in Distribution and extent of major forest types in Malaysia, 2008 (million ha) Malaysia, 2008 (million ha)

Natural Forest

Region Land Area

Dry Inland Forest

Swamp Forest

Mangrove Forest

Total Forested Land

% of Total Land Area

Peninsular Malaysia 13.16 5.48 0.30 0.10 5.88 44.7

Sabah 7.37 3.94 0.12 0.34 4.40 59.7

Sarawak 12.30 7.98 1.12 0.14 9.24 75.1

Malaysia 32.83 17.40 1.54 0.58 19.52* 59.5

* Inclusive of 0.25 million ha of Forest Plantation

Permanent Reserved Forest (PRFs) in Malaysia, Permanent Reserved Forest (PRFs) in Malaysia, 2008 (Million Ha)2008 (Million Ha)

Region Protection Forest Production Forest Total Land Area Under PRFs

Peninsular Malaysia 2.00 2.80 4.80

Sabah 0.59 3.00 3.59

Sarawak 1.10 5.00 6.10

Malaysia 3.69 10.80 14.49

forest sanctuary for wild life (90,985 ha)

Distribution and extent of major forest types in Distribution and extent of major forest types in PRFs, 2008 (million ha) PRFs, 2008 (million ha)

Natural Forest

Region PRF Dry Inland Forest

Swamp Forest

Mangrove Forest

PRFs % of Total Land Area

Peninsular Malaysia 13.16 4.50 0.20 0.10 4.70 36.00

FOREST COVER BASED ON NFI-4 FOREST COVER BASED ON NFI-4 FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Diverse Of Malaysian Tropical RainforestsDiverse Of Malaysian Tropical Rainforests

FloraFlora• 15,000 flowering plant

species• 2,650 tree species• 1,100 species of fern and

fern-allies

FaunaFauna• 300 species of mammals• 700 – 750 species of birds• 165 species of amphibians• 350 species of reptiles• 300 species of fresh water

fish• 1,200 species of butterflies• 12,000 species of moths

Since the establishment of the Forestry Department in 1901, the forest in PM have been systematically managed under sustainable forest management

The shift / changes in management from solely sustained yield timber production to multi-functions forestry indicates our commitment to manage the forest in multiple uses

2.0 SUSTAINBLE FOREST MANAGEMENT 2.0 SUSTAINBLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

ITTO 1992 : Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is the process of managing forest land to achieve one or more clearly specified objectives of management without undue reduction of its inherent values and future productivity or undesirable effects on the physical and social environment.

3 Pillars of SFM3 Pillars of SFM

ENVIRONMENTSOCIAL & CULTURAL

ECONOMY

SUSTAINABLE FOREST

MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE FOREST

MANAGEMENT

3.0 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION3.0 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

i. National Forest Policy

ii. National Forestry Act

iii.Mitigation Measures During Forest Harvesting

iv. Implementation of Forest Certification (Malaysian Criteria and Indicator)

• National Forest Policy was formulated in 1978 and accepted by the National Forestry Council.

• National Forestry Council (NFC) - Serves as a forum for the Federal and the State Governments to discuss and resolve common problems and issues relating to forestry policy, administration and management, and to enhance co-operation between the Federal and State Governments.

National Forest PolicyNational Forest Policy

• NFP was revised in 1992 to include aspects of biological diversity conservation and the sustainable utilization of forest genetic resources.

• The main objectives of NFP:-

i. Conserve and manage the nation’s forest based on the principles of sustainable management

ii. Protect the environment to conserve biological diversity, genetic resources and to enhance research and education

• Under NFP, PRFs are managed and classified under four (4) major function:-

i. Protection Forest

ii. Production Forest

iii. Amenity Forest

iv. Research and Education Forest

• Under section 10 (1) of the National Forestry Act 1984, the PRFs were further classified into one or more functional use classes which are as follows:-

i. timber production forest under sustained yield;

ii. soil protection forest;iii. soil reclamation forest;iv. flood control forest;v. water catchment forest;

National Forestry ActNational Forestry Act

vi. forest sanctuary for wildlife;vii. virgin jungle reserved forest;viii. amenity forest;ix. education forest;x. research forest; xi. forest for federal purposes; andxii. state forest park.

• The National Forestry Act, 1984 was amended in 1993 to further strengthen its provisions for safeguarding and protecting the forest resources from illegal logging, encroachment and timber theft.

Acts prohibited in permanent reserved forests

• 81. (1) Unless authorized under this Act, no person shall, in a permanent reserved forest – (f) use poisonous substance, or dynamite or other explosives on rivers or lakes for the purpose of fishing; or hunt, shoot, fish or set

traps or snares;

(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be liable - (c) if the offence is under paragraph (d), (e), (f) or

(g), to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both such fine and imprisonment.

i. PRFs – classification

ii. Virgin Jungle Reserves (VJR)

iii.Genetic Resource Area

iv.Forest State Parks / Urban forest Parks / Geo Forest Parks

Network of Protected AreasNetwork of Protected Areas

2.00 mill ha Protection

Forest

2.80 mill ha Production

Forest

• For the supply in perpetuity, at reasonable rates of all forms of forest produce which can be economically produced within the country and are required for agricultural, domestic, industrial purposes and for export.

• For ensuring favourable climatic and physical conditions of the country

• The safeguarding of water resources

• Soil fertility• Environmental quality• Preservation of biological

diversity• The minimization of damage by

floods and erosion to rivers and agricultural lands

Permanent Reserved Forests Permanent Reserved Forests Peninsular Malaysia,Peninsular Malaysia,2008 (under full2008 (under fullProtection) Protection) NFA 1984NFA 1984

4.80 mill haPRF

Mitigation Measures During Forest Harvesting

To minimize the detrimental effects of forest harvesting, stringent parameters are followed:-

i. No logging - certain altitude and slopes;ii. Cutting limit prescriptions;iii. Timber tagging and directional felling; iv. Retention of mother trees;v. Protected trees - 32 species;vi. Buffer zones;vii. Road specification; and viii. Implementation of RIL.

• SFM is further attested by the implementation of MC&I for assessing management of tropical forest.

• MC&I - Forest Stewardship Council (FSC):-- 9 Principles- 47 Criteria- 96 Indicators

• Related / Relevant Principle - Principle 6 – Environmental Impact- Principle 9 – Maintenance of HCVF

Implementation of Forest Certification

4.0 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES4.0 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

i. Security of PRF 1985-2008 – forested areas from 6.35 million ha to 5.88

million ha (declined)

1985-2008 – PRFs in PM increased from 4.60 million ha to 4.80 million ha

ii. Illegal logging and Encroachment Enhance monitoring and detection system to prevent

and minimize these activities through Remote Sensing and Radio Frequency Identification technologies.

iii.Valuation of forest goods and services-mechanism and methodologies - eg water

iv.Networking and promotion – e.g. where are you working?

5.0 CONCLUSIONS5.0 CONCLUSIONS

FD is fully concerned of the need for effective forest management and conservation practices so as to ensure a sustained supply of timber, maintain environmental stability, provide sanctuary for wildlife and to serve as an invaluable storehouse of genetic resources.