Medical emergencies and first AID

Lukáš Havlásek

Most common medical emergencies

• Anaphylaxis• Burns and scalds• Bleeding• Choking• Drowning• Electricity• Fractures

• Heart attack• Poisoning• Shock• Stroke

Anaphylaxis

Symptoms• Difficult to breathe• Tongue and throat swell

First AID• Check medication• Give it to them• Comfort • Breathing as good as

possible

Burns and scalds

First AID• Cool the burn• Keep the person warm• Remove clothing or jewellery • Cover the burn• Do not put cream on it• Chemical burn – brush the chemicals and use cold

water for 20 minutes

Bleeding

First AID• Prevent loss of blood• Use gloves• Check the wound• Press the wound• Bandage the wound• Raise the limb• Do not put the severed part of body in direct contact

with ice

Choking

First AID• Remove obvious obstruction• Give back blows• Carefully check the mouth• Perform abdominal thrusts• Get the obstruction out• Choking person should be always

checked by doctor

Drowning

First AID• Give five initial rescue breaths• Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)• Adults 30:2

– At least 5cm deep– At least 100 times per minute

Children 15:2, Newborns 3:1

• Use recovery position

Electricity

First AID• Break the contact between person and electrical supply.• Swith off the electrical current.• If the person is not breathing, start CPR.

Fractures

Symptoms• Pain• Inability to move• Deformity• Could be open and

closed

First AID• Immobilize the affected

part of the body and take off all jewellery

• If open, priority is bleeding.

Heart attack

Symptoms• Chest pain• Pain in other parts of the

body

First AID• Sit the person down• Use aspirin• Monitor their vital signs• If necessary, start CPR.

Poisoning

Symptoms• Vomiting• Loss of consciousness• Pain• Burning sensation

First AID• Find out what is the

poison• Do not eat and drink• Never try to induce

vomiting• Open the airways• Start CPR

Shock

Symptoms• Pale, cold, clammy skin• Sweating• Rapid, shallow breathing• Wakness and dizziness• Feeling sick, vomiting• Thirst• Yawning• Sighing

First AID• Lay the person down• Keep the person warm• Do not eat or drink• Comfort and reassurance• Monitor the person

Stroke

Symptoms• Facial weakness• Arm weakness• Speech problems

First AID• Call emergency

immediatelly